{"id":39925,"date":"2026-07-28T19:38:12","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T19:38:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/naraka-waechter-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T19:38:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T19:38:31","slug":"guardioes-naraka","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/guardioes-naraka\/","title":{"rendered":"Naraka-W\u00e4chter"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"39925\" class=\"elementor elementor-39925 elementor-1210\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naraka-W\u00e4chter, dem\u00f4nio da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o budista<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guardi\u00f5es do inferno dos oito Narakas quentes e dos oito Narakas frios.<\/p><p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter s\u00e3o guardi\u00f5es budistas do inferno sob a lideran\u00e7a de Yama.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dem\u00f4nio \/ Dem\u00f3nia: Ser sobrenatural de efeito predominantemente nocivo ou ambivalente. Situa-se entre os deuses e os homens, causa doen\u00e7as, tenta\u00e7\u00f5es ou infort\u00fanios e \u00e9 afastado por meio de esconjuros, apotropaica e rituais.\">Dem\u00f4nio<\/span><a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-budistas\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradi\u00e7\u00e3o budista com Bodhisattvas, divindades protetoras, esp\u00edritos famintos e guardi\u00f5es do inferno.\">Budismo<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Nenhum t\\u00edtulo foi encontrado nesta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_buddhismus_naraka-waechter-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1677\" alt=\"Naraka Waechter - D\u00e4monen aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_buddhismus_naraka-waechter-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_buddhismus_naraka-waechter-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_buddhismus_naraka-waechter-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_buddhismus_naraka-waechter.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guardi\u00f5es de Naraka<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Naraka-W\u00e4chter \u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ser espiritual ao qual se atribui uma influ\u00eancia nociva ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">dem\u00f4nio<\/span> da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o budista.<\/p><p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter (s\u00e2nscrito <em>narakap\u0101la<\/em>) s\u00e3o os executores nos infernos budistas. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concep\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a estrutura e a ordem do mundo no interior de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span> Abhidharma conhece oito Narakas quentes e oito frios como regi\u00f5es infernais principais, cada um com muitos sub-infernos; em cada um impera uma forma espec\u00edfica de puni\u00e7\u00e3o que constitui o contraponto k\u00e1rmico ao pecado subjacente. Os guardi\u00f5es aplicam essas puni\u00e7\u00f5es, n\u00e3o por crueldade, mas como forma de produ\u00e7\u00e3o da consequ\u00eancia k\u00e1rmica.<\/p><p>Importante: Os Narakas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o infernos eternos no budismo. S\u00e3o lugares de renascimento com uma dura\u00e7\u00e3o determinada. Quando o peso k\u00e1rmico se esgota, o ser renasce numa outra exist\u00eancia.<\/p><p>Os guardi\u00f5es s\u00e3o, por isso, funcion\u00e1rios de um mecanismo, n\u00e3o figuras diab\u00f3licas. O Livro Tibetano dos Mortos e o sistema chin\u00eas Di Yu atribuem aos guardi\u00f5es formas individuais, cabe\u00e7a de boi, face de cavalo, cabe\u00e7a de tigre, entre outras, que se tornaram mundialmente famosas na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doutrina sobre os conte\u00fados das imagens e o seu significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span>.<\/p><div><p><strong>Os Sutras budistas sobre Naraka e as suas classifica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p><p>A representa\u00e7\u00e3o budista mais detalhada dos infernos e dos seus guardi\u00f5es encontra-se em Sutras como o <em>Mahayana Mahaparinirvana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, um texto doutrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, o <em>Karmavibhanga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, um texto doutrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> e o <em>Surangama <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, um texto doutrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>. Estes textos classificam os guardi\u00f5es do inferno segundo a sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o e o seu estatuto k\u00e1rmico. Alguns guardi\u00f5es s\u00e3o seres demon\u00edacos, aprisionados nos seus pap\u00e9is pelos seus pr\u00f3prios maus karmas.<\/p><p>Outros s\u00e3o Bodhisattvas que voluntariamente assumem pap\u00e9is infernais para salvar os seres. Distinguir estas duas categorias \u00e9 central para a \u00e9tica budista: o guardi\u00e3o est\u00e1 preso num papel ou \u00e9 uma for\u00e7a mission\u00e1ria: n\u00e3o \u00e9, por princ\u00edpio, mau. Por isso, no budismo, o Naraka-W\u00e4chter \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m venerado, a par de todo o temor.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Em resumo: Naraka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> guardi\u00e3o do inferno, executor k\u00e1rmico<br>Origem: servi\u00e7o de Yama; na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o do leste asi\u00e1tico, de Yanluo Wang<br>Textos: Abhidharmakosha, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Grande Ve\u00edculo'; uma das tr\u00eas principais tradi\u00e7\u00f5es do budismo, com o ideal do Bodhisattva e uma elaborada reflex\u00e3o filos\u00f3fica.\">Mahayana<\/span>-Sutras, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No budismo tibetano, o estado de transi\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas exist\u00eancias; o Bardo Th\u00f6dol descreve a fase ap\u00f3s a morte.\">Bardo<\/span> Th\u00f6dol, literatura Di Yu<br>Per\u00edodo: do budismo at\u00e9 \u00e0 atualidade<br>Estrutura: oito Narakas quentes + oito frios, cada um com guardi\u00f5es pr\u00f3prios<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e2none <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cole\u00e7\u00e3o das escrituras sagradas de uma religi\u00e3o reconhecida como vinculante.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pali<\/span> com as primeiras descri\u00e7\u00f5es do inferno. O Abhidharmakosha de Vasubandhu (s\u00e9cs. IV\/V d.C.) sistematiza a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concep\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a estrutura e a ordem do mundo no interior de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span> Naraka. Livro Tibetano dos Mortos com detalhada <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doutrina sobre os conte\u00fados das imagens e o seu significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span> dos guardi\u00f5es. Literatura chinesa Di Yu a partir da dinastia Tang; representa\u00e7\u00f5es japonesas Jigoku a partir do per\u00edodo Heian.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difus\u00e3o<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Todas as regi\u00f5es budistas; particularmente elaborado na China, no Jap\u00e3o e no Tibete. Sistema chin\u00eas Di Yu com dez infernos, cada um subordinado a um rei Yama (Yanluo). Tradi\u00e7\u00e3o japonesa Jigoku. Pintura infernal mongol e tibetana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Abhidharmakosha (Vasubandhu), Saddharmasmrityupasthana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, um texto doutrinal de forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Livro Tibetano dos Mortos; guia ritual para os estados de transi\u00e7\u00e3o ap\u00f3s a morte.\">Bardo Th\u00f6dol<\/span>, chin\u00eas Yuli-Bao-Chao (&#8220;Espelho Precioso da Base de Jade&#8221;, dinastia Song), rolos de imagens japoneses Jigoku-z\u014dshi, arte popular coreana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Designa\u00e7\u00e3o e grafias<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>S\u00e2nscrito:<\/strong> <em>narakap\u0101la<\/em>, &#8220;guardi\u00e3o do inferno&#8221;; <em>narakad\u016bta<\/em>, &#8220;mensageiro do inferno&#8221;.<br>Chin\u00eas: \u7344\u5352 (<em>Yu Zu<\/em>, &#8220;soldados do inferno&#8221;); pares espec\u00edficos de guardi\u00f5es Niu Tou (cabe\u00e7a de boi) e Ma Mian (face de cavalo).<br>Japon\u00eas: <em>Gokusotsu<\/em>; variante do leste asi\u00e1tico com dez reis do inferno.<br>Tibetano: <em>Shinje-pho-nya<\/em>.<\/p><p>A configura\u00e7\u00e3o do leste asi\u00e1tico \u00e9 particularmente elaborada. O sistema Di Yu, com dez infernos e respetivos reis, tribunais e guardi\u00f5es, \u00e9 uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de ra\u00edzes budistas e hierarquias burocr\u00e1ticas tao\u00edsta-confucianas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edsticas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apar\u00eancia<\/strong><\/p><p>Com face de animal (cabe\u00e7a de boi, face de cavalo, cabe\u00e7a de tigre, face de corvo) s\u00e3o formas frequentes. Armados com ma\u00e7as, forcados, correntes e espadas. Na representa\u00e7\u00e3o chinesa, em traje oficial de funcion\u00e1rio com chap\u00e9u e selo. Nos thangkas tibetanos, em postura irada e dan\u00e7ante.<\/p><p><strong>Comportamento<\/strong><\/p><p>Funcional, n\u00e3o pessoal: recebem os falecidos por ordem de Yama, conduzem-nos ao Naraka que lhes foi atribu\u00eddo e aplicam as puni\u00e7\u00f5es a\u00ed vigentes. Sem liberdade de escolha; executam a necessidade k\u00e1rmica.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c2mbito de atua\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p><p>Os 16 Narakas principais, cada um com numerosos sub-infernos. Na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o do leste asi\u00e1tico, os dez infernos do Di Yu, cada um associado a um tipo espec\u00edfico de transgress\u00e3o (mentira, roubo, homic\u00eddio, etc.). N\u00e3o atuam no mundo dos vivos.<\/p><p><strong>Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o mitol\u00f3gica<\/strong><\/p><p>N\u00e3o s\u00e3o figuras aut\u00f4nomas, mas sim portadores de fun\u00e7\u00e3o. Em <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Ve\u00edculo de Diamante'; forma t\u00e2ntrica do budismo Mahayana, primariamente no Tibete, com a pr\u00e1tica Yidam e a t\u00e9cnica do mantra no centro.\">Vajrayana<\/span> s\u00e3o compreendidos como aspectos energ\u00e9ticos que podem ser transformados em divindades protetoras iradas (Yamantaka como vencedor do pr\u00f3prio Yama).<\/p><div><p><strong>Os oito infernos quentes e os seus supervisores<\/strong><\/p><p>No contexto dos <em>Asta Naraka<\/em> (oito regi\u00f5es infernais quentes) e das oito regi\u00f5es infernais frias, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o do Naraka-W\u00e4chter torna-se muito espec\u00edfica. Um supervisor do inferno da cozedura, por exemplo, nem sempre \u00e9 o mesmo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ser espiritual ao qual se atribui uma influ\u00eancia nociva ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">dem\u00f4nio<\/span>; os textos relatam diferentes guardi\u00f5es de diferentes eras.<\/p><p>No budismo tibetano, os Naraka-W\u00e4chter s\u00e3o frequentemente entendidos como manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es de Mahakala ou Yamantaka, ou seja, como aspectos irados da compaix\u00e3o. Um Naraka-W\u00e4chter golpeia para superar o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo, no budismo e no jainismo, a lei da consequ\u00eancia do ato: cada a\u00e7\u00e3o repercute-se nas exist\u00eancias subsequentes.\">karma<\/span> do prisioneiro, nunca por mal\u00edcia. Trata-se de uma reinterpreta\u00e7\u00e3o radical da puni\u00e7\u00e3o como interven\u00e7\u00e3o terap\u00eautica.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil: Naraka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspectos mais importantes dos Naraka-W\u00e4chter num relance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexto cultural<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ao servi\u00e7o de Yama ou de Yanluo. Funcion\u00e1rios da execu\u00e7\u00e3o k\u00e1rmica, n\u00e3o dem\u00f4nios aut\u00f4nomos. No leste asi\u00e1tico, figuras individuais espec\u00edficas (cabe\u00e7a de boi, face de cavalo).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relativo a<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Falecidos com graves transgress\u00f5es k\u00e1rmicas. No leste asi\u00e1tico, distribu\u00eddos pelos dez infernos segundo o tipo de transgress\u00e3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com face de animal (boi, cavalo, tigre) e armados com armas. Em traje oficial na representa\u00e7\u00e3o chinesa; irados na representa\u00e7\u00e3o tibetana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Atividade<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Executam puni\u00e7\u00f5es k\u00e1rmicas: fogo, gelo, esquartejamento, engolimento. Cada puni\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o contraponto espec\u00edfico ao pecado subjacente.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ksitigarbha (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No budismo Mahayana, um ser iluminado que adia a sua pr\u00f3pria liberta\u00e7\u00e3o em favor do ensinamento para os outros seres.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> dos seres infernais) invocar, recita\u00e7\u00e3o de Sutras, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Oferenda a uma divindade para expressar agradecimento, s\u00faplica ou venera\u00e7\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">oferendas<\/span> aos antepassados, rituais Ullambana. Em <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ve\u00edculo de Diamante; forma t\u00e2ntrica do budismo Mahayana, primariamente no Tibete, com a pr\u00e1tica Yidam no centro.\">Vajrayana<\/span>: Phowa, pr\u00e1ticas de purifica\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e2ntricas, rituais de liga\u00e7\u00e3o a Yamantaka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"\/pt-br\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/ammit\/\">Ammit<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/erinias\/\">Erinyen<\/a>, dem\u00f4nios crist\u00e3os do inferno, Oni japoneses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Topografia do inferno e pr\u00e1ticas associadas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oito Narakas quentes<\/strong><\/p><p>Sanghata, Raurava, Maharaurava, Tapana, Pratapana, Samjiva, Kalasutra, Avici. Cada um com formas pr\u00f3prias de puni\u00e7\u00e3o: fogo, esmagamento, esquartejamento, paredes divis\u00f3rias com \u00f3leos ferventes. Avici (&#8220;o Incessante&#8221;) \u00e9 o mais profundo, reservado aos karmas mais graves.<\/p><p><strong>Oito Narakas frios<\/strong><\/p><p>Arbuda, Nirarbuda, Atata, Hahava, Huhuva, Utpala, Padma, Mahapadma. O frio glacial como forma de puni\u00e7\u00e3o; os corpos congelam, racham e transformam-se em fragmentos em forma de l\u00f3tus (da\u00ed os nomes).<\/p><p><strong>Pr\u00e1tica Ksitigarbha<\/strong><\/p><p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No budismo Mahayana, um ser iluminado que adia a sua liberta\u00e7\u00e3o em favor do ensinamento para os outros seres.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> Ksitigarbha (chin\u00eas Dizang, japon\u00eas Jizo) fez o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma promessa religiosa solene perante uma divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">voto<\/span> de salvar todos os seres infernais antes de entrar ele pr\u00f3prio no Nirvana. A sua <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ato de invocar ou conjurar uma divindade ou poder.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoca\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> \u00e9 a pr\u00e1tica de liberta\u00e7\u00e3o infernal mais importante no leste asi\u00e1tico. As est\u00e1tuas de Jizo alinham-se nos caminhos japoneses e protegem crian\u00e7as e viajantes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos e recep\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca da cultura grega e romana, aproximadamente de 800 a.C. a 600 d.C.\" tabindex=\"0\">Paralelos da <\/span>Antiguidade<\/strong><\/p><p>O <a href=\"\/pt-br\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a> mesopot\u00e2mico no submundo de Ere\u0161kigal, o eg\u00edpcio <a href=\"\/pt-br\/ammit\/\">Ammit<\/a> no tribunal dos mortos, as gregas <a href=\"\/pt-br\/erinias\/\">Erinyen<\/a> como vingadoras. Estruturalmente semelhantes: \u00f3rg\u00e3os de execu\u00e7\u00e3o da justi\u00e7a c\u00f3smica.<\/p><p><strong>Sistema chin\u00eas Di Yu:<\/strong> Dez reis do inferno, cada um com o seu pr\u00f3prio pal\u00e1cio e corpo de funcion\u00e1rios. Forma mista budista-tao\u00edsta; a literatura Yuli (Song) descreve o sistema em detalhe. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o destinada \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templos<\/span> nos limites das cidades chinesas e nos cemit\u00e9rios mostram cenas do Di Yu.<\/p><p><strong>Modernidade<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Anime japoneses (<em>Hozuki no Reitetsu<\/em>, com\u00e9dias Di Yu), filmes de Bollywood com infernos de Yamraj, s\u00e9ries coreanas como <em>Along with the Gods<\/em> (2017) com navega\u00e7\u00e3o detalhada pelo Naraka. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concep\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a estrutura e a ordem do mundo no interior de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span> infernal mant\u00e9m-se visualmente popular.<\/span><\/p><div><p><strong>Yamantaka como guardi\u00e3o c\u00f3smico de todos os infernos<\/strong><\/p><p>Uma figura central neste contexto \u00e9 <em>Yamantaka<\/em>, o vencedor de Yama. No budismo tibetano, Yamantaka vai al\u00e9m do papel de mensageiro de Yama e \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m senhor de todos os guardi\u00f5es demon\u00edacos no reino de Yama. Yamantaka \u00e9 invocado meditativa mente em sadhanas t\u00e2ntricas para obter controlo sobre as for\u00e7as demon\u00edacas interiores.<\/p><p>Isto significa que o inferno exterior com os seus guardi\u00f5es \u00e9 entendido como proje\u00e7\u00e3o de emo\u00e7\u00f5es internas n\u00e3o processadas. Um Naraka-W\u00e4chter \u00e9, em \u00faltima an\u00e1lise, tamb\u00e9m o guardi\u00e3o da pr\u00f3pria cobi\u00e7a, da pr\u00f3pria ira e da pr\u00f3pria ignor\u00e2ncia. Esta transforma\u00e7\u00e3o psicol\u00f3gica do motivo infernal mostra como o budismo reinterpreta concep\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e9-modernas em quadros soteriol\u00f3gicos.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf2fe5e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf2fe5e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp04be37d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp04be37d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naraka no cosmos budista<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp43ff34f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp43ff34f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbc28983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbc28983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter s\u00f3 podem ser compreendidos se se conhecer o lugar do <em>Naraka<\/em> na vis\u00e3o do mundo budista. <em>Naraka<\/em> \u00e9 o termo s\u00e2nscrito para as regi\u00f5es infernais, o mais baixo dos seis estados de exist\u00eancia nos quais um ser pode renascer. Importa aqui uma diferen\u00e7a fundamental em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao inferno crist\u00e3o: os Narakas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o eternos.<\/p><p>S\u00e3o lugares de puni\u00e7\u00e3o temporalmente limitada, ainda que imensamente longa, onde o karma negativo grave \u00e9 purgado. Quando este se esgota, o per\u00edodo no inferno tamb\u00e9m termina, e torna-se poss\u00edvel um renascimento numa regi\u00e3o superior.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concep\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a estrutura e a ordem do mundo no interior de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span> budista elaborou os Narakas em detalhe. Os textos distinguem geralmente oito infernos quentes e oito frios como regi\u00f5es principais, cada um com numerosos infernos secund\u00e1rios, nos quais se sofrem tormentos distintos consoante a natureza das transgress\u00f5es anteriores.<\/p><p>A dura\u00e7\u00e3o da exist\u00eancia nestas regi\u00f5es \u00e9 indicada nos textos com n\u00fameros astronomicamente grandes, para evidenciar a sua gravidade, sem que se trate de uma verdadeira eternidade.<\/p><p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter pertencem a este sistema como o pessoal que executa as puni\u00e7\u00f5es. N\u00e3o s\u00e3o deuses aut\u00f4nomos nem seres ca\u00eddos, mas sim figuras funcionais no interior das regi\u00f5es infernais.<\/p><p>A sua tarefa \u00e9 atormentar, dividir, queimar e esquartejar os que renasceram nelas, sendo que os textos sublinham que os seres infernais s\u00e3o sempre recompostos para que a puni\u00e7\u00e3o possa prosseguir.<\/p><p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter s\u00e3o, assim, executores de uma lei c\u00f3smica impessoal, n\u00e3o agentes de uma vingan\u00e7a pessoal. O <a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-budistas\/\">Budismo<\/a> conhece concep\u00e7\u00f5es afins em todas as suas manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es regionais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0e169d8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0e169d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc3be2b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc3be2b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Os guardi\u00f5es s\u00e3o eles pr\u00f3prios seres que sofrem? Um debate doutrinal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp710a16a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp710a16a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3898b85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3898b85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uma das quest\u00f5es mais interessantes em torno dos Naraka-W\u00e4chter \u00e9 um antigo debate doutrin\u00e1rio intrabudista: o que s\u00e3o afinal os guardi\u00f5es do inferno? Esta quest\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 secund\u00e1ria, pois toca no n\u00facleo da doutrina budista do karma e do renascimento.<\/p><p>Uma posi\u00e7\u00e3o discutida na literatura Abhidharma afirma que os guardi\u00f5es do inferno n\u00e3o s\u00e3o seres verdadeiramente sencientes e sofredores, mas sim uma esp\u00e9cie de apari\u00e7\u00e3o produzida pelo karma coletivo dos pr\u00f3prios habitantes do inferno.<\/p><p>Segundo esta concep\u00e7\u00e3o, os condenados geram, atrav\u00e9s do seu pr\u00f3prio karma negativo, os atormentadores que os torturam; os guardi\u00f5es seriam ent\u00e3o, por assim dizer, consequ\u00eancias objetivadas dos atos dos castigados. Esta interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o tem a vantagem de que ningu\u00e9m acumula novo karma negativo atrav\u00e9s da atividade de atormentar, pois os guardi\u00f5es n\u00e3o seriam agentes no pleno sentido.<\/p><p>Uma outra posi\u00e7\u00e3o considera os guardi\u00f5es do inferno como seres reais, que renasceram eles pr\u00f3prios no inferno e a\u00ed levam uma exist\u00eancia atormentante ao atormentarem.<\/p><p>Em alguns textos, figuras como <em>Yamapala<\/em>, associado a Yama, surgem neste papel. Esta perspectiva coloca a dif\u00edcil quest\u00e3o de saber se os guardi\u00f5es n\u00e3o geram karma negativo adicional atrav\u00e9s da sua crueldade, ficando assim presos no inferno.<\/p><p>Diferentes escolas budistas deram respostas distintas, e o ponto de disc\u00f3rdia permaneceu sem resolu\u00e7\u00e3o durante s\u00e9culos. Para a an\u00e1lise das ci\u00eancias religiosas, este debate \u00e9 esclarecedor porque mostra que os Naraka-W\u00e4chter n\u00e3o s\u00e3o um simples elemento figurativo, mas uma figura em torno da qual se acendem quest\u00f5es fundamentais da doutrina budista sobre responsabilidade, a\u00e7\u00e3o e renascimento.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf2c4a4f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf2c4a4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d912b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d912b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama e o julgamento do inferno<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d65272 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1d65272\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc62d382 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc62d382\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Acima dos atormentadores individuais, na imagem budista do inferno, situa-se a figura de <em>Yama<\/em>, senhor do submundo e juiz dos mortos.<\/p><p>Yama \u00e9 uma antiga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser venerado como divino no interior de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> indiana que j\u00e1 nos textos v\u00e9dicos surge como o primeiro mortal e senhor dos mortos, e que o budismo integrou no seu sistema cosmol\u00f3gico. Na sua forma budista, Yama preside ao tribunal perante o qual os falecidos comparecem, interrogando-os sobre os seus atos.<\/p><p>Uma conhecida narrativa did\u00e1tica, a par\u00e1bola dos mensageiros divinos, descreve como Yama recorda a um morto que em vida viu a velhice, a doen\u00e7a e a morte, mas n\u00e3o as aproveitou como ensejo para boas a\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p><p>Yama surge aqui como uma inst\u00e2ncia que mostra ao ser a sua pr\u00f3pria falha: n\u00e3o um tirano arbitr\u00e1rio; a puni\u00e7\u00e3o decorre do karma, n\u00e3o do capricho de Yama. Na configura\u00e7\u00e3o do leste asi\u00e1tico, este tribunal foi desenvolvido num sistema de dez reis do submundo, pelas inst\u00e2ncias dos quais a alma \u00e9 sucessivamente conduzida.<\/p><p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter situam-se nesta estrutura abaixo de Yama. S\u00e3o os \u00f3rg\u00e3os executores do veredicto proferido no tribunal infernal, compar\u00e1veis aos oficiais de justi\u00e7a e carrascos de uma justi\u00e7a terrena. Esta burocratiza\u00e7\u00e3o do submundo, particularmente pronunciada na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o chinesa e japonesa, integrou os Naraka-W\u00e4chter firmemente numa imagem ordenada do al\u00e9m.<\/p><p>Atuam por instru\u00e7\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o por iniciativa pr\u00f3pria, e a sua atividade faz parte de um processo regulado. Esta classifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 importante para compreender os guardi\u00f5es como portadores de fun\u00e7\u00e3o dentro de uma ordem jur\u00eddica c\u00f3smica que, em \u00faltima an\u00e1lise, se baseia na lei do karma, em vez de os interpretar erroneamente como meras figuras aterradoras.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp62c9f3b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp62c9f3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27f39e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27f39e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Representa\u00e7\u00e3o iconogr\u00e1fica e fun\u00e7\u00e3o did\u00e1tica dos guardi\u00f5es do inferno<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4287a28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4287a28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4545f44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4545f44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter e as regi\u00f5es infernais que habitam pertencem aos motivos mais frequentemente representados na arte budista, e estas representa\u00e7\u00f5es tinham uma finalidade clara.<\/p><p>No <em>Bhavachakra<\/em>, a &#8220;Roda da Vida&#8221;, representada em muitos mosteiros, a regi\u00e3o infernal ocupa um dos seis setores; a\u00ed se veem os condenados, os instrumentos de puni\u00e7\u00e3o e os guardi\u00f5es que os atormentam. No leste asi\u00e1tico surgiram ciclos pict\u00f3ricos inteiros sobre os dez reis do inferno e os seus tribunais.<\/p><p>Estas imagens eram primariamente did\u00e1ticas, mais do que decorativas. Apresentavam ao crente, muitas vezes tamb\u00e9m ao analfabeto, as consequ\u00eancias das m\u00e1s a\u00e7\u00f5es de forma dr\u00e1stica.<\/p><p>A descri\u00e7\u00e3o pormenorizada, por vezes cruel, das puni\u00e7\u00f5es infernais e dos seus executores servia a educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9tica: quem via as imagens deveria ser motivado a cumprir os preceitos budistas: a abster-se de matar, roubar e mentir.<\/p><p>No Jap\u00e3o desenvolveram-se a partir da\u00ed tradi\u00e7\u00f5es pict\u00f3ricas pr\u00f3prias, e textos como o <em>Ojoyoshu<\/em> de Genshin descreviam os infernos com tal intensidade que marcaram duradouramente o imagin\u00e1rio religioso.<\/p><p>Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter surgem nestas representa\u00e7\u00f5es em f\u00f3rmulas visuais fixas: com cabe\u00e7as de animal, frequentemente de boi ou de cavalo, com ma\u00e7as enormes, forcados e outros instrumentos, de aspecto aterrorizador. Na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o chinesa e japonesa, os guardi\u00f5es com cabe\u00e7a de boi e face de cavalo tornaram-se particularmente conhecidos. Importa para a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o notar que estas imagens aterradoras nunca s\u00e3o um fim em si mesmo no contexto budista.<\/p><p>Est\u00e3o ao servi\u00e7o de um ensinamento que visa, em \u00faltima an\u00e1lise, a liberta\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo dos renascimentos. O inferno e os seus guardi\u00f5es s\u00e3o o aviso, o pano de fundo pressuposto, face ao qual o caminho budista adquire a sua urg\u00eancia. Quem considera os Naraka-W\u00e4chter apenas como monstros ignora a sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o real como instrumento de uma pedagogia religiosa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Links complementares<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Links internos recomendados:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-budistas\/\">Budismo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pt-br\/mara\/\">Mara<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/preta\/\">Preta<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/dakini\/\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pt-br\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/ammit\/\">Ammit<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/erinias\/\">Erinyen<\/a> (paralelos)<\/li><li>Ksitigarbha (Dizang\/Jizo) e doutrina da liberta\u00e7\u00e3o infernal<\/li><li>Di Yu chin\u00eas e Jigoku japon\u00eas<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Uma sele\u00e7\u00e3o de obras centrais sobre Naraka e os seus guardi\u00f5es:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Sadakata, Akira: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/buddhistcosmolog0000sada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Cosmology<\/a><\/em>. Tokyo 1997.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Teiser, Stephen F.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/uhpress.hawaii.edu\/title\/the-scripture-on-the-ten-kings-and-the-making-of-purgatory-in-medieval-chinese-buddhism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Scripture on the Ten Kings<\/a><\/em>. Honolulu 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Matsunaga, Daigan \/ Matsunaga, Alicia: <em>The Buddhist Concept of Hell<\/em>. New York 1972.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>Travels in the Netherworld<\/em>. Oxford 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Stone, Jacqueline I.: <em>Right Thoughts at the Last Moment<\/em>. Honolulu 2016.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Outras obras de refer\u00eancia na <a href=\"\/pt-br\/literatura\/\">bibliografia<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-narakaw-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-narakaw-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-naraka-waechter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-narakaw-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-narakaw-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">A pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o aqui descrita constitui uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, do ponto de vista das Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o, de tradi\u00e7\u00f5es hist\u00f3ricas. O iWell Guard articula-se com esta linha cultural e hist\u00f3rica de objetos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1teis e representa uma forma contempor\u00e2nea da mesma. <a href=\"\/pt-br\/sobre-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Saiba mais sobre o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Naraka-W\u00e4chter, dem\u00f4nio da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o budista Guardi\u00f5es do inferno dos oito Narakas quentes e dos oito Narakas frios. Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter s\u00e3o guardi\u00f5es budistas do inferno sob a lideran\u00e7a de Yama. Dem\u00f4nioBudismo \u00cdndice Guardi\u00f5es de Naraka O Naraka-W\u00e4chter \u00e9 dem\u00f4nio da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o budista. Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter (s\u00e2nscrito narakap\u0101la) s\u00e3o os executores nos infernos budistas. A cosmologia Abhidharma conhece [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1677,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"naraka-w\u00e4chter","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Naraka-W\u00e4chter: guardi\u00f5es budistas do inferno","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter (s\u00e2nscrito narakap\u0101la) s\u00e3o os executores nos infernos budistas. A cosmologia Abhidharma conhece oito quentes e oito frios","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-39925","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Naraka-W\u00e4chter: guardi\u00f5es budistas do inferno<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Os Naraka-W\u00e4chter (s\u00e2nscrito narakap\u0101la) s\u00e3o os executores nos infernos budistas. 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