{"id":39691,"date":"2026-07-28T18:45:48","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T18:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yam-deus-do-mar-fenicio\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T18:46:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T18:46:06","slug":"yam","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/","title":{"rendered":"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"39691\" class=\"elementor elementor-39691 elementor-2630\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yam, deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico e advers\u00e1rio de Baal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam (ugar\u00edtico <em>ym<\/em>, fen\u00edcio <em>ym<\/em>) \u00e9 o deus do mar da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o ugar\u00edtico-fen\u00edcia e principal advers\u00e1rio de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> no Ciclo de Baal. A sua queda marca o estabelecimento da ordem divina; pertence \u00e0 fam\u00edlia dos seres do caos da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas transmitidas pela tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Seres marinhos da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia.\">Seres marinhos<\/span><a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-fenicios\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia.\">Fen\u00edcio<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus do mar.\">Deus do mar<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Nenhum t\\u00edtulo foi encontrado nesta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fechar Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2854\" alt=\"Yam - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-yam elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-yam elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam \u00e9 o <strong>deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico<\/strong> e antagonista de Baal no Ciclo de Baal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e perfil resumido<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam \u00e9 a personifica\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia-cananeia do mar ca\u00f3tico. Mark Smith demonstrou em <em>The Ugaritic Baal Cycle<\/em> (1994\/2009) que Yam \u00e9, no Ciclo de Baal, a figura antagonista central, cuja queda fundamenta o reinado de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a>. No \u00e2mbito da <a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-fenicios\/\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia<\/a>, Yam \u00e9 o deus do caos mar\u00edtimo por excel\u00eancia.<\/p><p>Do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es, Yam representa o tipo das \u00e1guas divinas do caos, que ocorre em quase todas as mitologias do Pr\u00f3ximo Oriente antigo: Tiamat na Mesopot\u00e2mia, Apsu, o conflito Marduk-Tiamat, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> na <a href=\"\/pt-br\/mitologia-hitita\/\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hurrita<\/a>, Tif\u00e3o na Gr\u00e9cia. Esses deuses das \u00e1guas do caos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o simplesmente malignos, mas entidades c\u00f3smicas ambivalentes cuja submiss\u00e3o estabelece a ordem divina.<\/p><p>Ao contr\u00e1rio de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> ou de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/ullikummi\/\">Ullikummi<\/a>, Yam \u00e9 um deus pleno: possui um pal\u00e1cio pr\u00f3prio, tem mensageiros e reivindica o poder real. A sua derrota perante Baal n\u00e3o \u00e9 o aniquilamento de um monstro, mas a decis\u00e3o num combate real entre divindades. Essa diferen\u00e7a teol\u00f3gica \u00e9 historicamente relevante e distingue a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o ugar\u00edtico-fen\u00edcia da hurrita.<\/p><p>Um aspecto teol\u00f3gico particular do conflito Baal-Yam reside no fato de Yam ter sido inicialmente designado rei de forma leg\u00edtima por El, o deus-pai anci\u00e3o. A ascens\u00e3o de Baal se d\u00e1, portanto, contra a hierarquia divina estabelecida, e n\u00e3o em conformidade com ela. Esse pormenor sublinha a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A doutrina cient\u00edfica sobre Deus e sobre a f\u00e9 de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> revolucion\u00e1ria do Ciclo de Baal, que institui uma nova ordem divina.<\/p><p>Essa configura\u00e7\u00e3o teol\u00f3gica, com um rei em exerc\u00edcio (Yam) e um deus da tempestade revolucion\u00e1rio (Baal), apresenta estreitas paralelas no Ciclo de Kumarbi hitita, em que <a href=\"\/pt-br\/teshub\/\">Teshub<\/a> se levanta contra o deus-pai estabelecido, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/kumarbi\/\">Kumarbi<\/a>. A interliga\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-religiosa do Mediterr\u00e2neo oriental da Idade do Bronze Tardio \u00e9 aqui particularmente densa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e etimologia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O nome <em>ym<\/em> \u00e9 a palavra sem\u00edtico-ocidental comum para &#8216;mar&#8217;; Yam \u00e9, portanto, literalmente &#8216;o pr\u00f3prio mar&#8217;. Essa identidade entre nome divino e categoria c\u00f3smica \u00e9 t\u00edpica da teogonia do Pr\u00f3ximo Oriente antigo. No acadiano, o equivalente seria <em>t\u00e2mtu<\/em> (Tiamat); no hebraico <em>y\u0101m<\/em> (com etimologia id\u00eantica, embora n\u00e3o personificado de forma divina).<\/p><p>Nos textos ugar\u00edticos, Yam surge sob v\u00e1rios ep\u00edtetos: <em>zbl ym<\/em> &#8216;Pr\u00edncipe Yam&#8217;, <em>tp\u1e6d nhr<\/em> &#8216;Juiz Rio&#8217;, <em>\u02beyl rbn<\/em> &#8216;Deus Poderoso&#8217; e <em>tnn<\/em> &#8216;Tannin&#8217; (drag\u00e3o marinho). A pluralidade de designa\u00e7\u00f5es reflete a multifuncionalidade c\u00f3smica: Yam \u00e9 simultaneamente mar, rio, drag\u00e3o e pretendente ao trono.<\/p><p>No material hebraico, Yam surge como advers\u00e1rio c\u00f3smico de Yahweh em v\u00e1rios salmos e textos prof\u00e9ticos (Sl 74; Sl 89; Is 27; Hab 3); tamb\u00e9m o Liwjatan (Leviat\u00e3) e o Tannin pertencem \u00e0 fam\u00edlia ampliada de Yam.<\/p><p>John Day examinou detalhadamente os testemunhos hebraicos em <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985); Mark Smith procedeu \u00e0 classifica\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica em <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em> (2001).<\/p><p>Em inscri\u00e7\u00f5es aramaicas e fen\u00edcias do 1.\u00ba mil\u00eanio a.C., a figura personificada de Yam desaparece; o mar passa a ser referido cada vez mais apenas como esfera c\u00f3smica, e n\u00e3o como deus atuante. Essa &#8216;desdiviniza\u00e7\u00e3o&#8217; do mar \u00e9 esclarecedora do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es e ocorre em paralelo com a consolida\u00e7\u00e3o do culto de Baal como culto principal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descri\u00e7\u00e3o e iconografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam raramente aparece na iconografia em forma personificada; \u00e9 representado sobretudo como o pr\u00f3prio mar ou como uma enorme serpente marinha (Tannin). Em alguns selos ugar\u00edticos dos s\u00e9culos XIV\/XIII a.C., o combate Baal-Yam \u00e9 representado de forma simb\u00f3lica: Baal com uma clava erguida sobre uma figura de serpente.<\/p><p>Em contextos fen\u00edcios, a iconografia de Yam \u00e9 ainda mais rara; o mar \u00e9 representado com maior frequ\u00eancia como ambiente c\u00f3smico da navega\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia, com imagens de proas de barcos, motivos de peixes e ornamenta\u00e7\u00e3o de ondas, sem que exista uma personifica\u00e7\u00e3o direta de Yam.<\/p><p>Uma importante tradi\u00e7\u00e3o iconogr\u00e1fica se desenvolve no \u00e2mbito helen\u00edstico-romano: Yam-Pos\u00eddon com tridente e parelha de cavalos. Essa transfer\u00eancia das imagens gregas de Pos\u00eddon para a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia-sem\u00edtica-ocidental do deus do mar est\u00e1 menos pronunciada na metr\u00f3pole fen\u00edcia do que nas col\u00f4nias do Mediterr\u00e2neo ocidental, onde a influ\u00eancia grega foi mais intensa.<\/p><p>A famosa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma placa de pedra ou madeira colocada na vertical, com inscri\u00e7\u00f5es ou imagens.\" tabindex=\"0\">estela<\/span> do touro de Ras Shamra mostra uma pequena forma de serpente sob os p\u00e9s de Baal; na pesquisa, essa serpente \u00e9 frequentemente identificada com Yam-Tannin. Esse testemunho iconogr\u00e1fico da vit\u00f3ria de Baal sobre a serpente \u00e9 um dos mais importantes documentos visuais do Ciclo de Baal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Narrativas mitol\u00f3gicas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A fonte principal de Yam \u00e9 o Ciclo de Baal ugar\u00edtico (KTU 1.1, 1.2), no qual o conflito entre Yam e <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> \u00e9 narrado. A a\u00e7\u00e3o em tra\u00e7os gerais: Yam, oficialmente designado rei por El, envia os seus mensageiros ao conselho dos deuses e exige a entrega de Baal. Os deuses tremem e baixam a cabe\u00e7a; s\u00f3 Baal resiste e aceita o combate.<\/p><p>O deus ferreiro Kothar-wa-Khasis forja para Baal duas armas m\u00e1gicas, cujos nomes s\u00e3o &#8216;Ayamur&#8217; e &#8216;Yagrush&#8217; (&#8216;o que expulsa&#8217; e &#8216;o que persegue&#8217;). Baal combate com elas contra Yam; o primeiro golpe faz Yam vacilar, o segundo o esmaga.<\/p><p>Yam cai por terra; Baal proclama: &#8216;Yam est\u00e1 morto, Baal \u00e9 rei!&#8217; Mark Smith comentou detalhadamente o texto na sua edi\u00e7\u00e3o monumental.<\/p><p>Um outro epis\u00f3dio ugar\u00edtico descreve o combate de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/anat-phoenix\/\">Anat<\/a> contra Yam, que apoia o seu irm\u00e3o Baal. Anat &#8216;abate o mar, destr\u00f3i o rio, humilha o Tannin, domina a serpente sinuosa&#8217;. Essa sequ\u00eancia Anat-Yam \u00e9 historicamente esclarecedora e mostra que o combate contra as \u00e1guas do caos foi um esfor\u00e7o divino coletivo, n\u00e3o apenas um ato individual de Baal.<\/p><p>Um outro epis\u00f3dio fragment\u00e1rio descreve Yam em conex\u00e3o com os &#8216;filhos de El&#8217; (<em>bn \u02beil<\/em>), que funcionam como conselho dos deuses. A exig\u00eancia de Yam \u00e9 deliberada no conselho dos deuses, El concorda, e apenas Baal se op\u00f5e. Essa tradi\u00e7\u00e3o do &#8216;conselho divino&#8217; \u00e9 historicamente significativa e tem paralelas com o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> hebraico dos &#8216;filhos de Deus&#8217; (J\u00f3 1; Sl 82).<\/p><p>Os cantores ugar\u00edticos apresentavam provavelmente o conflito Baal-Yam em performance completa, com portadores de tabuinhas, instrumentos musicais e dan\u00e7as cultuais. Essa dimens\u00e3o performativa foi sistematicamente desenvolvida na pesquisa mais recente sobre Ugarit, notadamente por Wilfred Watson e Pierre Bordreuil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culto e venera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam n\u00e3o era um destinat\u00e1rio de culto; como deus do caos, n\u00e3o era venerado, mas antes superado <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertencente a uma sequ\u00eancia de a\u00e7\u00f5es rituais regulamentada.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualmente<\/span> em rituais. Em alguns rituais de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, surge como exemplo protot\u00edpico do perigo c\u00f3smico que deve ser afastado pela interven\u00e7\u00e3o divina.<\/p><p>O seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma narrativa transmitida pela tradi\u00e7\u00e3o sobre deuses, origens e a ordem do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> era, por\u00e9m, recitado no culto r\u00e9gio; o Ciclo de Baal pertencia ao repert\u00f3rio dos cantores ugar\u00edticos e era provavelmente apresentado em grandes festividades. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel que a reencena\u00e7\u00e3o ritual da sequ\u00eancia Baal-Yam fizesse parte do rito festivo da primavera, de modo semelhante ao Enuma Elish mesopot\u00e2mico no festival do Ano Novo.<\/p><p>Nos rituais de navega\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcios, o mar era apaziguado <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertencente a uma sequ\u00eancia de a\u00e7\u00f5es rituais regulamentada.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualmente<\/span>; capit\u00e3es de navios e viajantes faziam <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Oferenda a uma divindade para expressar gratid\u00e3o, s\u00faplica ou venera\u00e7\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">oferendas<\/span> ao mar na esperan\u00e7a de obter uma travessia segura. Essa piedade mar\u00edtima n\u00e3o se referia diretamente a Yam, mas se inseria no mesmo universo cosmol\u00f3gico. Sabatino Moscati descreveu a cultura mar\u00edtima fen\u00edcia em v\u00e1rios estudos.<\/p><p>Uma importante conex\u00e3o ritual existe entre a vit\u00f3ria sobre Yam e o festival de primavera ugar\u00edtico; o conflito era provavelmente atualizado <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertencente a uma sequ\u00eancia de a\u00e7\u00f5es rituais regulamentada.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualmente<\/span> na \u00e9poca das tempestades de primavera, quando as chuvas intensas do inverno diminu\u00edam e a \u00e9poca de navega\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7ava. Essa sazonalidade ritual \u00e9 historicamente caracter\u00edstica do Mediterr\u00e2neo oriental da Idade do Bronze Tardio.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e apotropaico<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As pr\u00e1ticas apotropaicas contra o mar ca\u00f3tico eram correntes em contextos fen\u00edcios. Nas decora\u00e7\u00f5es das proas dos navios surgem olhos apotropaicos, s\u00edmbolos de chifres de touro ou o &#8216;sinal de Tanit&#8217; como prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra os perigos do mar. Essas imagens faziam parte do equipamento padr\u00e3o dos navios de com\u00e9rcio e de guerra fen\u00edcios.<\/p><p>Nas cidades portu\u00e1rias usavam-se f\u00f3rmulas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra &#8216;o mar furioso e os seus seres&#8217;; nas inscri\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fanicas encontram-se oferendas votivas por um regresso feliz de viagens mar\u00edtimas. Essa piedade de viagem \u00e9 historicamente interessante, pois enquadra diretamente no plano religioso a mobilidade internacional do mundo fen\u00edcio.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, Yam \u00e9 um exemplo da personifica\u00e7\u00e3o do mar ca\u00f3tico. A sua derrota narrativa pelas armas m\u00e1gicas de Baal \u00e9 historicamente compar\u00e1vel ao conflito Marduk-Tiamat, em que igualmente armas m\u00e1gicas possibilitam a vit\u00f3ria. O iWell-Guard registra Yam como figura hist\u00f3rico-mitol\u00f3gica sem fun\u00e7\u00e3o de prote\u00e7\u00e3o atual e sem refer\u00eancias a promessas modernas de cura.<\/p><p>Nas inscri\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fanicas de Cartago e Motya surgem &#8216;deuses do mar&#8217; (fen\u00edcio <em>\u02belm ym<\/em>) como destinat\u00e1rios de oferendas votivas antes de viagens mar\u00edtimas; se aqui existe uma mem\u00f3ria direta de Yam ou uma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ato de dirigir-se de forma suplicante ou invocat\u00f3ria a uma divindade ou poder.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoca\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> gen\u00e9rica de deuses do mar, permanece controverso.<\/p><p>Os olhos apotropaicos das proas dos navios fen\u00edcios devem ser interpretados, do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es, como <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apotropaico: diz-se de sinais e objetos destinados a afastar influ\u00eancias nocivas.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaicos<\/span>; transformam o olhar do navio em uma for\u00e7a protetora contra Yam e os seus seres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos em outras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam pertence \u00e0 fam\u00edlia internacional dos deuses das \u00e1guas do caos. No dom\u00ednio mesopot\u00e2mico corresponde-lhe Tiamat do Enuma Elish; na <a href=\"\/pt-br\/mitologia-hitita\/\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hurrita-hitita<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> e o fragment\u00e1rio &#8216;C\u00e2ntico do Mar&#8217; (CTH 346) contra <a href=\"\/pt-br\/teshub\/\">Teshub<\/a>. Mark Smith e Mary Bachvarova documentaram em v\u00e1rios estudos a interliga\u00e7\u00e3o dessas mitologias.<\/p><p>No material hebraico, Yam \u00e9 o advers\u00e1rio c\u00f3smico de Yahweh em v\u00e1rios salmos; a cria\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 interpretada como vit\u00f3ria de Yahweh sobre Yam, Liwjatan e Tannin (Sl 74:13, 14; Is 27:1). Esses textos pertencem \u00e0 &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A doutrina cient\u00edfica sobre Deus e sobre a f\u00e9 de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span>&#8216; do combate ca\u00f3tico da B\u00edblia hebraica e dependem historicamente de forma direta da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o ugar\u00edtica de Yam.<\/p><p>Com o grego Tif\u00e3o, Yam partilha o perfil de advers\u00e1rio do caos; com Pos\u00eddon, a personifica\u00e7\u00e3o do mar, embora numa configura\u00e7\u00e3o teol\u00f3gica claramente diferente. No per\u00edodo helen\u00edstico-romano, o Yam fen\u00edcio foi identificado com Pos\u00eddon; o perfil ativo de advers\u00e1rio do caos foi ent\u00e3o modificado em favor da fun\u00e7\u00e3o de deus da navega\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>Em inscri\u00e7\u00f5es urarteas surge um deus do mar, Quera, cuja conex\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-religiosa com Yam tem sido discutida nos \u00faltimos anos. A pesquisa de Mirjo Salvini oferece aqui dados novos e importantes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recep\u00e7\u00e3o e pesquisa atuais<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A pesquisa sobre Yam se encontra hoje em um n\u00edvel elevado. A edi\u00e7\u00e3o do Ciclo de Baal por Mark Smith e Wayne Pitard \u00e9 a refer\u00eancia padr\u00e3o; John Day examinou detalhadamente as paralelas hebraicas em <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985). Daniel Schwemer forneceu o enquadramento hist\u00f3rico em <em>Die Wettergottgestalten<\/em> (2001).<\/p><p>Na recep\u00e7\u00e3o popular, Yam \u00e9 conhecido sobretudo pelos mitos ugar\u00edticos e pelas alus\u00f5es b\u00edblico-hebraicas. Falta um renascimento espiritual no sentido neopag\u00e3o.<\/p><p>Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, Yam \u00e9 hoje considerado um objeto de estudo central para a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A doutrina cient\u00edfica sobre Deus e sobre a f\u00e9 de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> das \u00e1guas do caos do Pr\u00f3ximo Oriente antigo e para a fam\u00edlia m\u00edtica dos combates entre deus da tempestade e o mar.<\/p><p>Os atuais focos de pesquisa incidem sobre a diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o dos v\u00e1rios seres marinhos (Yam, Liwjatan, Tannin), sobre as paralelas b\u00edblicas e sobre a quest\u00e3o da rela\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-religiosa exata com a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o mesopot\u00e2mica de Tiamat. O iWell-Guard registra Yam como exemplo hist\u00f3rico sem refer\u00eancia pr\u00e1tica \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>Na pesquisa b\u00edblica moderna, Yam \u00e9 cada vez mais sistematicamente trabalhado como pano de fundo hist\u00f3rico-religioso dos textos da cria\u00e7\u00e3o e do combate ca\u00f3tico. Bernard Batto e John Day examinaram detalhadamente em v\u00e1rios estudos a conex\u00e3o da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Yam com a narrativa hebraica da cria\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura e fontes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A sele\u00e7\u00e3o a seguir re\u00fane as principais obras de refer\u00eancia sobre a pesquisa de Yam. Inclui edi\u00e7\u00f5es de textos, s\u00ednteses hist\u00f3ricas e estudos sobre as paralelas b\u00edblico-hebraicas. A edi\u00e7\u00e3o do Ciclo de Baal de Mark Smith \u00e9 a base das fontes prim\u00e1rias; John Day e Schwemer oferecem a contextualiza\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-religiosa. Mary Bachvarova fornece a linha de transmiss\u00e3o para a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp267ce5fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp267ce5fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c5eeff3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c5eeff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O ciclo de Baal de Ugarit como fonte principal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24751ec0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24751ec0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20cca71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20cca71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Quase tudo o que se pode afirmar sobre <em>Yammu<\/em> como figura atuante prov\u00e9m de um \u00fanico complexo textual: o chamado Ciclo de Baal, uma s\u00e9rie de tabuinhas de argila em escrita cuneiforme alfab\u00e9tica, descobertas entre 1929 e os anos 1930 durante as escava\u00e7\u00f5es francesas dirigidas por Claude Schaeffer no <em>Tell Ras Shamra<\/em>, na costa s\u00edria.<\/p><p>As tabuinhas s\u00e3o hoje classificadas sob as signaturas KTU 1.1 a 1.6; o epis\u00f3dio de Yam se concentra em KTU 1.1 e 1.2. Segundo o colof\u00e3o, foram escritas pelo escriba Ilimilku, provavelmente nos s\u00e9culos XIV ou XIII a.C.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo de gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> \u00e9 lacunar. A tabuinha KTU 1.1 est\u00e1 muito danificada e o in\u00edcio do conflito falta em grande parte. S\u00f3 KTU 1.2 come\u00e7a com uma cena coerente: Yam envia mensageiros \u00e0 assembleia dos deuses e exige a entrega de Baal.<\/p><p>Desde as primeiras edi\u00e7\u00f5es por Charles Virolleaud, a pesquisa discute se uma outra tabuinha perdida continha o in\u00edcio da disputa. A pr\u00f3pria ordem das tabuinhas n\u00e3o est\u00e1 assegurada por colof\u00f5es, mas \u00e9 uma reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o dos editores.<\/p><p>Para o trabalho cient\u00edfico, essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o das fontes \u00e9 determinante: Yam n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma figura de uma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo de gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> ampla e multifacetada, mas apreens\u00edvel quase exclusivamente a partir da perspectiva de um texto narrativo pr\u00f3-baalita. As afirma\u00e7\u00f5es sobre um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto dos atos religiosos de venera\u00e7\u00e3o dirigidos a uma divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> aut\u00f4nomo de Yam, sobre hinos a ele dedicados ou sobre o seu papel fora do conflito com Baal permanecem, por isso, especulativas.<\/p><p>A edi\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o \u00e9 hoje <em>Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit<\/em> (KTU) de Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz e Joaqu\u00edn Sanmart\u00edn; uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o inglesa muito utilizada, com coment\u00e1rio, \u00e9 de autoria de Mark S. Smith.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24e2e352 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp24e2e352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22d58ce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22d58ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A assembleia dos deuses e a mensagem de Yama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp248e4b3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp248e4b3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp220d4b7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp220d4b7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A cena de Yam mais bem conservada (KTU 1.2 i) mostra uma sess\u00e3o dos deuses presidida pelo deus supremo <em>El<\/em>. Yam envia dois mensageiros com a exig\u00eancia de entregar Baal como tribut\u00e1rio ou como prisioneiro.<\/p><p>O texto confere \u00e0 cena uma coreografia precisa: os deuses baixam a cabe\u00e7a at\u00e9 os joelhos \u00e0 chegada dos mensageiros, num gesto de temor. Baal os repreende por isso e se ergue.<\/p><p>El, o patriarca da assembleia, reage com condescend\u00eancia. Em v\u00e1rias passagens, chama Yam de seu favorito e parece disposto a ceder \u00e0 exig\u00eancia, designando Baal como servo de Yam.<\/p><p>Essa atitude de El \u00e9 um ponto muito debatido: mostra que no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto dos deuses de uma religi\u00e3o ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00e3o<\/span> ugar\u00edtico o deus supremo n\u00e3o se identifica com o deus da tempestade vitorioso, e confere ao conflito uma dimens\u00e3o pol\u00edtica, quase a de uma disputa pelo trono dentro de uma fam\u00edlia.<\/p><p>Yam possui nessas linhas designa\u00e7\u00f5es duplas fixas. Al\u00e9m de <em>ym<\/em>, surge como <em>tpt nhr<\/em>, frequentemente traduzido como &#8216;Juiz Rio&#8217; ou &#8216;Soberano Corrente&#8217;. A coloca\u00e7\u00e3o em paralelo de &#8216;mar&#8217; e &#8216;rio&#8217; \u00e9 um recurso estil\u00edstico t\u00edpico da poesia ugar\u00edtica e deixa claro que Yam encarna toda a \u00e1gua indomada, e n\u00e3o apenas o mar aberto.<\/p><p>A cena termina com a recusa de Baal e com o seu an\u00fancio de atacar os mensageiros e o seu senhor. Constitui assim o prel\u00fadio imediato ao combate singular narrado na mesma tabuinha em KTU 1.2 iv. Para a figura antagonista, veja-se tamb\u00e9m <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> como manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia posterior do nome de Baal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (sele\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Mark Smith \/ Wayne Pitard: <em>The Ugaritic Baal Cycle<\/em> (Leiden 1994\/2009)<\/li><li>John Day: <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (Cambridge 1985)<\/li><li>Daniel Schwemer: <em>Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens<\/em> (Wiesbaden 2001)<\/li><li>Mark Smith: <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em> (Oxford 2001)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Mary Bachvarova: <em>From Hittite to Homer<\/em> (Cambridge 2016)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yam e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yam\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yam-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yam-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No <em>Ciclo de Baal ugar\u00edtico<\/em>, transmitido em tabuinhas de argila de Ras Shamra no s\u00e9culo XIV a.C., Yam surge como deus do mar e advers\u00e1rio de Baal, que este acaba por vencer com as armas de arremesso Ayamur e Yagrush.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termos-chave relacionados: Yam Fen\u00edcios deus do mar Ciclo de Baal Tannin Liwjatan \u00e1guas do caos.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yam\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard e as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>O iWell Guard se insere na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural dos objetos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1teis, na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o <a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-fenicios\/\">fen\u00edcia<\/a> e de muitas outras culturas em todo o mundo. 41 n\u00edveis, ouro genu\u00edno, platina, prata, fabricado na Alemanha. Direito de devolu\u00e7\u00e3o em 30 dias.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">As experi\u00eancias pessoais podem variar. N\u00e3o \u00e9 um dispositivo m\u00e9dico. N\u00e3o constitui uma promessa de cura.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">O iWell Guard <strong>n\u00e3o \u00e9 um dispositivo m\u00e9dico<\/strong> e n\u00e3o substitui qualquer tratamento m\u00e9dico ou psicoterap\u00eautico. Os conte\u00fados das Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o constituem uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural, n\u00e3o uma recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o de pr\u00e1tica espiritual.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yam, deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico e advers\u00e1rio de Baal Yam (ugar\u00edtico ym, fen\u00edcio ym) \u00e9 o deus do mar da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o ugar\u00edtico-fen\u00edcia e principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. A sua queda marca o estabelecimento da ordem divina; pertence \u00e0 fam\u00edlia dos seres do caos da mitologia. Seres marinhosFen\u00edcioDeus do mar \u00cdndice Yam [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2854,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"yam fen\u00edcios deus do mar baal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yam: Deus fen\u00edcio do mar, Ciclo de Baal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-39691","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yam: Deus fen\u00edcio do mar, Ciclo de Baal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-28T18:46:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"15 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/\",\"name\":\"Yam: Deus fen\u00edcio do mar, Ciclo de Baal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-28T18:45:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-28T18:46:06+00:00\",\"description\":\"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/home-2\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-28T18:45:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-28T18:46:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3011,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/yam\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"description\":\"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Yam: Deus fen\u00edcio do mar, Ciclo de Baal","description":"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio","og_description":"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-07-28T18:46:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. tempo de leitura":"15 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio","datePublished":"2026-07-28T18:45:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-28T18:46:06+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/"},"wordCount":3011,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp","inLanguage":"pt-BR","description":"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/","name":"Yam: Deus fen\u00edcio do mar, Ciclo de Baal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp","datePublished":"2026-07-28T18:45:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-28T18:46:06+00:00","description":"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/home-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Yam: deus do mar fen\u00edcio","datePublished":"2026-07-28T18:45:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-28T18:46:06+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/"},"wordCount":3011,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/yam\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp","inLanguage":"pt-BR","description":"Yam \u00e9 o deus do mar fen\u00edcio-ugar\u00edtico, principal advers\u00e1rio de Baal no Ciclo de Baal. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o nas Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o com mito."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39691"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39693,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39691\/revisions\/39693"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}