{"id":38809,"date":"2026-07-28T13:21:43","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T13:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/iktomi-trapaceiro-e-espirito-aranha-dos-lakota\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T13:22:03","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T13:22:03","slug":"iktomi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/","title":{"rendered":"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"38809\" class=\"elementor elementor-38809 elementor-2586\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iktomi, Trickster, esp\u00edrito-aranha e mestre c\u00f3smico da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iktomi (Lakota <em>Ikto<\/em> ou <em>Iktomi<\/em>) \u00e9 o Trickster-Aranha da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota, uma figura moralmente ambivalente que \u00e9 simultaneamente criador, perturbador, mestre e buf\u00e3o. Com o grande ciclo narrativo de Iktomi, os Lakota contam-se entre as mitologias de Trickster mais fascinantes da Am\u00e9rica do Norte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trickster da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Native American.\">Trickster<\/span><a href=\"\/pt-br\/native-american\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Native American.\">Native American<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trickster-Aranha.\">Trickster-Aranha<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Nenhum t\\u00edtulo foi encontrado nesta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-iktomi-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-iktomi-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fechar Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-iktomi-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2699\" alt=\"Iktomi - Geister aus der Native-american-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-iktomi elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-iktomi\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-iktomi\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-iktomi\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-iktomi elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-iktomi\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iktomi, o <strong>Trickster Lakota<\/strong>, \u00e9 uma figura central da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o ind\u00edgena norte-americana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o na religi\u00e3o Lakota<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iktomi pertence \u00e0 vasta categoria dos seres Trickster norte-americanos. No \u00e2mbito da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O estudo cient\u00edfico de Deus e da cren\u00e7a de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> Lakota, \u00e9 um dos mais elevados aspectos wakan, embora n\u00e3o no sentido ingenuamente sublime dos Quatro Superiores (Sol, Energia em Movimento, Terra, Pedra), mas como figura ct\u00f4nica e ambivalente, ligada aos aspectos wakan inferiores.<\/p><p>Sword (nos textos de James Walker) inclui-o no grupo dos <em>Wakan kuya<\/em>, os seres sagrados subordinados.<\/p><p>Do ponto de vista dos estudos das religi\u00f5es, Iktomi \u00e9 o Trickster paradigm\u00e1tico: um ser que possui simultaneamente fun\u00e7\u00f5es de criador, em algumas narrativas \u00e9 apresentado como criador do ser humano ou como mestre das primeiras pr\u00e1ticas culturais, e fun\u00e7\u00f5es de perturbador, mente, engana, rouba, viola, induz em erro, por vezes com consequ\u00eancias devastadoras.<\/p><p>Essa dupla natureza foi descrita por Paul Radin no estudo cl\u00e1ssico <em>The Trickster<\/em> (1956) como estrutura fundamental de todos os seres Trickster ind\u00edgenas americanos.<\/p><p>Seres estruturalmente compar\u00e1veis em outras tradi\u00e7\u00f5es ind\u00edgenas s\u00e3o o norte-americano <a href=\"\/pt-br\/coyote\/\">Coyote<\/a>, o Trickster semelhante ao corvo dos povos da Costa Noroeste, o Trickster-Lebre das tribos do sudeste, o africano ocidental Anansi (tamb\u00e9m uma aranha!) e o germ\u00e2nico Loki.<\/p><p>A forte converg\u00eancia estrutural entre Iktomi e a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o africana ocidental de Anansi, ambos Tricksters-Aranha, levou alguns investigadores das religi\u00f5es a especular sobre v\u00ednculos gen\u00e9ticos entre elas, para as quais n\u00e3o existem, contudo, quaisquer evid\u00eancias hist\u00f3ricas; trata-se provavelmente de desenvolvimentos convergentes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e etimologia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O nome Lakota <em>Iktomi<\/em> significa literalmente <em>aranha<\/em>. A forma diminutiva <em>Iktomi<\/em> corresponde aproximadamente ao alem\u00e3o <em>Spinnchen<\/em> ou <em>Spinnerlein<\/em>. Essa redu\u00e7\u00e3o lingu\u00edstica da figura do Trickster \u00e9 semanticamente importante: Iktomi n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma figura grandiosa e imponente, mas uma pequena e astuta figura, frequentemente c\u00f4mica.<\/p><p>Nos demais dialetos Sioux existem variantes: <em>Unktomi<\/em> entre os Dakota do Minnesota, <em>Ikto<\/em> na forma contra\u00edda, e o equivalente aimar\u00e1-americano <em>Wisaka<\/em> entre os Cree de l\u00edngua algonquina. Este \u00faltimo \u00e9, contudo, estruturalmente semelhante mas linguisticamente independente.<\/p><p>O verbo Lakota <em>iktomi-ya<\/em> significa <em>agir como Iktomi<\/em>, ou seja, agir de forma astuta, enganosa, cautelosa ou l\u00fadica. Essa verbaliza\u00e7\u00e3o do nome demonstra que Iktomi n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas uma figura mitol\u00f3gica, mas uma categoria de comportamento presente no cotidiano, utilizada na educa\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota como exemplo negativo.<\/p><p>A etimologia do Trickster \u00e9 filosoficamente interessante do ponto de vista religioso. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos seres wakan mais elevados, cujos nomes carregam geralmente significados sublimes, <em>Iktomi<\/em> \u00e9 uma palavra de uso cotidiano, linguisticamente familiar.<\/p><p>Essa familiaridade lingu\u00edstica reflete sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o teol\u00f3gica: Iktomi \u00e9 o numinoso do cotidiano, das tenta\u00e7\u00f5es profanas, das pequenas faltas, e n\u00e3o o poder wakan supremo do ritual da Dan\u00e7a do Sol. Essa diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o entre a venera\u00e7\u00e3o wakan sublime e a reflex\u00e3o sobre o Trickster na vida cotidiana foi descrita pormenorizadamente pela etn\u00f3loga das religi\u00f5es Karl Schlesier em <em>The Wolves of Heaven<\/em> (1987).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descri\u00e7\u00e3o e iconografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iktomi surge nas narrativas sob v\u00e1rias formas. Sua forma fundamental \u00e9 a de uma pequena aranha, frequentemente de cores vivas, que habita uma teia irregular.<\/p><p>Pode, contudo, transformar-se em qualquer outro ser, mais frequentemente em um jovem guerreiro de cabelo comprido e roupas belas, em um velho s\u00e1bio, em uma mulher ou em v\u00e1rios animais.<\/p><p>Nas narrativas tradicionais Lakota, Iktomi \u00e9 descrito habitualmente como um guerreiro errante que percorre a pradaria sozinho, se infiltra em acampamentos alheios e ali pratica suas travessuras. Seu truque t\u00edpico \u00e9 disfar\u00e7ar-se de parente prestativo para obter acesso a mulheres, comida ou cavalos, que depois rouba ou com os quais engana a fam\u00edlia.<\/p><p>Em pinturas de tambores e escudos Lakota que se conservaram, Iktomi surge ocasionalmente como figura semelhante a uma aranha com rosto humano, olhos desproporcionalmente grandes e um sorriso astuto. Artistas Lakota contempor\u00e2neos, nomeadamente Oscar Howe e Arthur Amiotte, representaram Iktomi por diversas vezes em suas obras, frequentemente como personifica\u00e7\u00e3o simb\u00f3lica do comportamento moralmente ambivalente.<\/p><p>Nos quadrinhos e livros infantis Lakota modernos, em particular nas obras do autor Lakota Paul Goble, Iktomi tornou-se uma figura de destaque para o p\u00fablico infantil.<\/p><p>Os \u00e1lbuns ilustrados de Goble <em>Iktomi and the Boulder<\/em> (1988), <em>Iktomi and the Berries<\/em> (1989) e os seguintes est\u00e3o difundidos em muitas escolas Lakota, bem como em escolas americanas n\u00e3o ind\u00edgenas, e figuram entre as transmiss\u00f5es mais conhecidas da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas sobre os deuses de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> ind\u00edgena americana para o grande p\u00fablico.<\/p><p>Essa recep\u00e7\u00e3o popular acarreta seus pr\u00f3prios problemas de simplifica\u00e7\u00e3o e exagero, mas contribuiu inegavelmente para a visibilidade da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Iktomi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Narrativas mitol\u00f3gicas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O ciclo narrativo de Iktomi conta-se entre os complexos narrativos mais extensos da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota. James LaPointe reuniu em <em>Legends of the Lakota<\/em> (1976) mais de vinte hist\u00f3rias de Iktomi, que come\u00e7am todas com uma certa forma padr\u00e3o: &#8220;Iktomi foi dar um passeio&#8230;&#8221;, descrevendo depois como planeja uma travessura, a executa e, no fim, acaba quase sempre por ser ele pr\u00f3prio a v\u00edtima.<\/p><p>Uma narrativa particularmente conhecida descreve como Iktomi engana o b\u00fafalo: persuade um grupo de b\u00fafalos a entrar em um c\u00edrculo de s\u00e1lvia e a dormir ali, prometendo-lhes um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma sequ\u00eancia regulada de a\u00e7\u00f5es simb\u00f3licas com significado religioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> de cura.<\/p><p>Quando os b\u00fafalos adormecem, come-os um a um; mas o \u00faltimo b\u00fafalo \u00e9 um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo a quem se atribui capacidade de agir no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>-b\u00fafalo wakan secreto, que o supera em ast\u00facia e acaba por ter de cort\u00e1-lo para fora do ventre do b\u00fafalo e expuls\u00e1-lo.<\/p><p>Uma segunda narrativa central descreve como Iktomi traz aos Lakota as mais importantes pr\u00e1ticas culturais: segundo algumas narrativas, teria introduzido as primeiras aplica\u00e7\u00f5es do arco e da flecha, as primeiras artes equestres e at\u00e9 a pr\u00f3pria linguagem.<\/p><p>Essa camada de her\u00f3i cultural na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Iktomi demonstra que o Trickster n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas perturbador, mas tamb\u00e9m criador civilizat\u00f3rio, uma dupla fun\u00e7\u00e3o que surge regularmente no complexo mais amplo do Trickster ind\u00edgena americano.<\/p><p>Uma terceira classe narrativa importante diz respeito \u00e0s tentativas de Iktomi de se medir com seres wakan de hierarquia superior. Em uma narrativa famosa, tenta insultar os Quatro Ventos, fazendo-lhes saber que consegue correr mais depressa do que todos eles juntos.<\/p><p>Os Ventos n\u00e3o respondem inicialmente; quando Iktomi come\u00e7a sua corrida, enviam-lhe um tornado que o despeda\u00e7a.<\/p><p>Os peda\u00e7os s\u00e3o dispersos pelos Quatro Ventos nas quatro dire\u00e7\u00f5es cardeais, e de cada peda\u00e7o nasce um novo Iktomi, raz\u00e3o pela qual o mundo est\u00e1 desde ent\u00e3o cheio de Iktomis. Essa narrativa etiol\u00f3gica explica tanto a prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o das aranhas por toda a terra como a onipresen\u00e7a de comportamentos astutos entre os seres humanos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9tica e pedag\u00f3gica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As narrativas de Iktomi cumprem, na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota, uma importante fun\u00e7\u00e3o pedag\u00f3gica. S\u00e3o contadas especialmente ao redor da fogueira em grupo com crian\u00e7as e servem \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9tica da gera\u00e7\u00e3o seguinte. O comportamento de Iktomi \u00e9 sempre errado, mente, rouba, engana, seduz, e no final da narrativa \u00e9 quase sempre alcan\u00e7ado pelas consequ\u00eancias de seus atos.<\/p><p>O ensinamento pedag\u00f3gico assenta no exemplo negativo: quem se comportar como Iktomi sofrer\u00e1 as mesmas consequ\u00eancias. As crian\u00e7as aprendem com as hist\u00f3rias de Iktomi o que \u00e9 certo e o que \u00e9 errado, sem que lhes seja imposto diretamente um preceito moral.<\/p><p>Severt Young Bear descreveu em pormenor em <em>Standing in the Light<\/em> (1994) essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o pedag\u00f3gica das hist\u00f3rias de Iktomi e destacou seu valor para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota.<\/p><p>\u00c9 importante a transmiss\u00e3o do valor did\u00e1tico paradoxal: Iktomi \u00e9 uma figura mal\u00e9vola cujos atos malignos podem, ao mesmo tempo, ser culturalmente criadores. A \u00e9tica Lakota transmite assim uma vis\u00e3o ambivalente da a\u00e7\u00e3o moral, estranha \u00e0 simples moral manique\u00edsta. O conceito Lakota de maturidade \u00e9tica inclui a capacidade de reconhecer essa ambival\u00eancia e de integr\u00e1-la \u00e0 pr\u00f3pria conduta.<\/p><p>Nas escolas modernas das reservas e nos programas de l\u00edngua Lakota, as hist\u00f3rias de Iktomi s\u00e3o utilizadas deliberadamente como meio de educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9tica e lingu\u00edstica. O fato de Iktomi surgir como pluril\u00edngue, fala Lakota, mas tamb\u00e9m as l\u00ednguas de outras tribos e at\u00e9 ingl\u00eas, conforme o contexto narrativo, torna-o uma figura pedagogicamente produtiva para a transmiss\u00e3o de compet\u00eancia lingu\u00edstica.<\/p><p>Os programas de l\u00edngua Lakota em Pine Ridge, Cheyenne River e Rosebud utilizam as hist\u00f3rias de Iktomi como texto did\u00e1tico central para a revitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da l\u00edngua Lakota, amea\u00e7ada pela perda lingu\u00edstica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e a\u00e7\u00e3o apotropaica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o no que diz respeito a Iktomi \u00e9 sutil. Ao contr\u00e1rio do que acontece com seres claramente negativos (como o <a href=\"\/pt-br\/wendigo\/\">Wendigo<\/a>), Iktomi n\u00e3o \u00e9 afastado, mas sim <em>tratado com respeito e dist\u00e2ncia<\/em>. N\u00e3o se fala demasiado dele, evitam-se suas invoca\u00e7\u00f5es diretas e protege-se sobretudo contra ser por ele amado ou enganado.<\/p><p>Uma pr\u00e1tica apotropaica importante \u00e9 o uso do <em>Dreamcatcher<\/em>, o apanhador de sonhos Lakota, amplamente difundido no folclore ind\u00edgena moderno. Por ironia, na concep\u00e7\u00e3o tradicional Lakota, o Dreamcatcher est\u00e1 associado \u00e0 tradi\u00e7\u00e3o mais ampla do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cultura popular transmitida, com costumes, narrativas e can\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclore<\/span> do <em>esp\u00edrito-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo a quem se atribui capacidade de agir no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">Aranha<\/span><\/em>, e n\u00e3o primariamente a Iktomi (os Lakota distinguem entre <em>Iktomi<\/em> como Trickster individual e <em>Iktomi-net<\/em> como prote\u00e7\u00e3o em forma de teia de aranha).<\/p><p>A constru\u00e7\u00e3o em teia de aranha do Dreamcatcher ret\u00e9m os sonhos maus nos fios da teia e deixa passar apenas os sonhos bons pela abertura central at\u00e9 quem dorme.<\/p><p>Uma pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica diz respeito ao modo <em>wakan<\/em> de falar sobre Iktomi: deve contar-se hist\u00f3rias de Iktomi nos dias frios de inverno, pois nessa altura ele est\u00e1 especialmente entretido e menos inclinado a complicar a vida do narrador. Essa sazonalidade da narrativa de Iktomi, as hist\u00f3rias pertencem ao inverno, n\u00e3o ao ver\u00e3o, \u00e9 uma not\u00e1vel prescri\u00e7\u00e3o de pormenor da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota.<\/p><p>Um aspecto interessante da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Iktomi \u00e9 a escassa presen\u00e7a na pr\u00e1tica ritual em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com outros seres wakan. N\u00e3o existe um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto dos atos de venera\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa prestados a uma divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> institucionalizado de Iktomi, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o destinada \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> espec\u00edficos de Iktomi, nem sacerdotes de Iktomi.<\/p><p>Iktomi \u00e9 sobretudo uma figura da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o narrativa, da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimento e narrativas ao longo das gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> oral ao redor da fogueira. Essa conten\u00e7\u00e3o ritual perante uma figura claramente problem\u00e1tica do ponto de vista moral \u00e9 sociologicamente interessante e distingue a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota de Iktomi da venera\u00e7\u00e3o do Trickster praticada de forma mais ampla em outras culturas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos em outras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iktomi faz parte da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o pan-norte-americana do Trickster, que em quase todas as fam\u00edlias lingu\u00edsticas ind\u00edgenas conhece uma figura central pr\u00f3pria. S\u00e3o estruturalmente compar\u00e1veis <a href=\"\/pt-br\/coyote\/\">Coyote<\/a> entre os povos das Plan\u00edcies e da Grande Bacia, o Corvo (<em>Yel<\/em> ou <em>Raven<\/em>) entre os povos da Costa Noroeste, a Lebre (<em>Manabozho<\/em>) entre os Anishinabe e a Raposa-do-\u00c1rtico entre os Inuit.<\/p><p>Paul Radin (<em>The Trickster<\/em>, 1956), Karl Kerenyi e Carl Jung interpretaram, em seu estudo revisto em conjunto, o fen\u00f4meno do Trickster como arqu\u00e9tipo universal. Essa interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o arquet\u00edpica \u00e9 problem\u00e1tica do ponto de vista dos estudos das religi\u00f5es, pois nivela a especificidade hist\u00f3rico-cultural das tradi\u00e7\u00f5es individuais do Trickster. Ainda assim, a converg\u00eancia estrutural \u00e9 t\u00e3o evidente que exige uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>No \u00e2mbito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o norte-americana do Trickster, Iktomi destaca-se de forma particular por sua natureza de aranha. A tradi\u00e7\u00e3o paralela africana do Trickster-Aranha Anansi, difundida com a migra\u00e7\u00e3o dos escravizados para o Caribe e para a Am\u00e9rica do Sul, constitui uma tradi\u00e7\u00e3o aut\u00f4noma e plenamente desenvolvida do Trickster-Aranha, que n\u00e3o teve qualquer contato hist\u00f3rico com a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota de Iktomi, mas que \u00e9 estruturalmente notavelmente semelhante.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recep\u00e7\u00e3o e investiga\u00e7\u00e3o atuais<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iktomi ocupa, no autoentendimento Lakota moderno, um lugar ambivalente. Por um lado, faz parte da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o narrativa e continua a ser apresentado nas escolas das reservas, nos programas de l\u00edngua Lakota e na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o oral. Por outro, a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o popular do s\u00edmbolo do Dreamcatcher na cultura New Age n\u00e3o ind\u00edgena o inseriu em uma apropria\u00e7\u00e3o comercial que \u00e9 criticamente refletida no debate ind\u00edgena.<\/p><p>Na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o acad\u00eamica, Vine Deloria Jr., a escritora Lakota Ella Cara Deloria (em seus registros de 1922 e 1940), o antrop\u00f3logo Lakota Severt Young Bear, o autor Lakota contempor\u00e2neo Joseph Marshall III e a estudiosa das religi\u00f5es Aase Hultkrantz descreveram sistematicamente a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Iktomi. A colet\u00e2nea de narrativas de Iktomi de James LaPointe (1976) continua a ser uma importante fonte prim\u00e1ria.<\/p><p>Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, Iktomi \u00e9 um exemplo paradigm\u00e1tico da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota do Trickster e, por conseguinte, da cultura mais ampla do Trickster americano.<\/p><p>Sua dupla fun\u00e7\u00e3o de criador e perturbador, seu car\u00e1ter moralmente ambivalente e sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o pedag\u00f3gica para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9tica fazem dele uma das figuras mais ricas e multifacetadas da hist\u00f3ria religiosa ind\u00edgena americana. A perspectiva do iWell Guard sobre a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Iktomi descreve essa figura do ponto de vista etnol\u00f3gico-religioso, sem promessas de efeitos ou recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es espirituais.<\/p><p>Outra observa\u00e7\u00e3o do debate cient\u00edfico diz respeito \u00e0 dimens\u00e3o de g\u00eanero de Iktomi. Em todas as narrativas transmitidas, surge primariamente como ser masculino, podendo, contudo, transformar-se sem dificuldade em uma mulher. Essa fluidez de g\u00eanero do Trickster \u00e9 uma caracter\u00edstica comum da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o pan-americana do Trickster e distingue essas figuras das divindades principais, na sua maioria claramente definidas quanto ao g\u00eanero.<\/p><p>A soci\u00f3loga das religi\u00f5es Sabine Lang descreveu em <em>Men as Women, Women as Men<\/em> (1998) o fen\u00f4meno da mobilidade de g\u00eanero no plano do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma sequ\u00eancia regulada de a\u00e7\u00f5es simb\u00f3licas com significado religioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>-teol\u00f3gico na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o ind\u00edgena americana, citando Iktomi como um de seus exemplos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura e fontes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A sele\u00e7\u00e3o seguinte lista obras centrais da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas sobre os deuses de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> Lakota e sobre a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o norte-americana do Trickster.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f39feb4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2f39feb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23102ebf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp23102ebf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iktomi como figura narrativa nas hist\u00f3rias de inverno dos Lakota<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2104a3fa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2104a3fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp242b4bbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp242b4bbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iktomi, a figura-aranha da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota, Dakota e Nakota, \u00e9 conhecido sobretudo como protagonista de um g\u00eanero pr\u00f3prio de narrativas, denominadas na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o <em>ohunkakan<\/em>.<\/p><p>Essas hist\u00f3rias eram consideradas pr\u00f3prias dos meses de inverno e distinguiam-se dos relatos entendidos como <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimento e narrativas ao longo das gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> verdadeira. As hist\u00f3rias de Iktomi eram expressamente narrativas em que a transgress\u00e3o, a ast\u00facia e o fracasso podiam ser representados.<\/p><p>Tais narrativas foram registradas, entre outros, por James R. Walker, por Ella Deloria, linguista Dakota que na primeira metade do s\u00e9culo XX coletou extenso material na pr\u00f3pria l\u00edngua, bem como por coletores anteriores do s\u00e9culo XIX.<\/p><p>O trabalho de Ella Deloria \u00e9 particularmente valioso porque ela trabalhou como falante nativa e, ao mesmo tempo, como pesquisadora com forma\u00e7\u00e3o acad\u00eamica, prestando aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o rigorosa da l\u00edngua.<\/p><p>Nas narrativas, Iktomi surge como ardiloso, vaidoso e guloso. Concebe planos para enganar os outros e fracassa frequentemente por sua pr\u00f3pria desmedida. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sublinha que essas hist\u00f3rias tinham uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o educativa. Ao mostrar como n\u00e3o se deve agir, as narrativas transmitem indiretamente as normas da comunidade.<\/p><p>Ao mesmo tempo, em algumas tradi\u00e7\u00f5es, Iktomi est\u00e1 ligado \u00e0 origem da linguagem ou \u00e0 ordena\u00e7\u00e3o do mundo, pelo que n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas um buf\u00e3o. O duplo papel de ser fundador da cultura e simultaneamente transgressor das normas corresponde ao padr\u00e3o conhecido tamb\u00e9m do <a href=\"\/pt-br\/coyote\/\">Coyote<\/a> em outras regi\u00f5es, sem que as figuras sejam equipar\u00e1veis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (sele\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Paul Radin: <em>The Trickster<\/em> (1956)<\/li><li>James LaPointe: <em>Legends of the Lakota<\/em> (1976)<\/li><li>Ella Cara Deloria: <em>Dakota Texts<\/em> (1932)<\/li><li>Severt Young Bear: <em>Standing in the Light<\/em> (1994)<\/li><li>Joseph Marshall III: <em>The Lakota Way<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Aase Hultkrantz: <em>Belief and Worship in Native North America<\/em> (1981)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-iktomi e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-iktomi\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-iktomi-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-iktomi-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Iktomi<\/em> \u00e9 considerado na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota n\u00e3o apenas um Trickster astuto, mas tamb\u00e9m um mestre c\u00f3smico: nas narrativas, participa na ordena\u00e7\u00e3o do mundo e transmite, frequentemente por meio do pr\u00f3prio fracasso, conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a linguagem, a medida e a responsabilidade. Seu estatuto c\u00f3smico explica por que suas hist\u00f3rias s\u00e3o consideradas simultaneamente entretenimento e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimento e narrativas ao longo das gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> instrutiva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-iktomi e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-iktomi\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-iktomi-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-iktomi-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Como <strong>esp\u00edrito-aranha<\/strong>, Iktomi surge nas narrativas dos Lakota sob m\u00faltiplas formas e estabelece a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre o mundo dos seres humanos e a esfera das for\u00e7as primordiais criadoras.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termos-chave relacionados: Iktomi Ikto Aranha Trickster Lakota Anansi Dreamcatcher Wisaka Sword.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-iktomi\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard e as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>O iWell Guard inscreve-se na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural dos objetos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1teis, na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o <a href=\"\/pt-br\/native-american\/\">Native American<\/a> e de muitas outras culturas do mundo. 41 n\u00edveis, ouro genu\u00edno, platina, prata, fabricado na Alemanha. Direito de devolu\u00e7\u00e3o em 30 dias.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">As experi\u00eancias pessoais podem variar. N\u00e3o \u00e9 um dispositivo m\u00e9dico. N\u00e3o constitui uma promessa de cura.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-iktomi-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-iktomi-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">O iWell Guard \u00e9 <strong>um produto n\u00e3o m\u00e9dico<\/strong> e n\u00e3o substitui qualquer tratamento m\u00e9dico ou psicoterap\u00eautico. Os conte\u00fados dos estudos religiosos constituem uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural, n\u00e3o uma recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o de pr\u00e1tica espiritual.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Iktomi, Trickster, esp\u00edrito-aranha e mestre c\u00f3smico da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota Iktomi (Lakota Ikto ou Iktomi) \u00e9 o Trickster-Aranha da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Lakota, uma figura moralmente ambivalente que \u00e9 simultaneamente criador, perturbador, mestre e buf\u00e3o. Com o grande ciclo narrativo de Iktomi, os Lakota contam-se entre as mitologias de Trickster mais fascinantes da Am\u00e9rica do Norte. TricksterNative AmericanTrickster-Aranha [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2699,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"iktomi lakota trickster","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Iktomi: Trickster Lakota e esp\u00edrito-aranha","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"native-american","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-38809","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iktomi: Trickster Lakota e esp\u00edrito-aranha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-28T13:22:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"15 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/\",\"name\":\"Iktomi: Trickster Lakota e esp\u00edrito-aranha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-28T13:21:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-28T13:22:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Geister aus der Native-american-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/home-2\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-28T13:21:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-28T13:22:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2959,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/iktomi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"description\":\"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Iktomi: Trickster Lakota e esp\u00edrito-aranha","description":"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota","og_description":"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-07-28T13:22:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. tempo de leitura":"15 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota","datePublished":"2026-07-28T13:21:43+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-28T13:22:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/"},"wordCount":2959,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp","inLanguage":"pt-BR","description":"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/","name":"Iktomi: Trickster Lakota e esp\u00edrito-aranha","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp","datePublished":"2026-07-28T13:21:43+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-28T13:22:03+00:00","description":"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Geister aus der Native-american-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/home-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Iktomi: trapaceiro e esp\u00edrito-aranha dos lakota","datePublished":"2026-07-28T13:21:43+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-28T13:22:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/"},"wordCount":2959,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/iktomi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_iktomi.webp","inLanguage":"pt-BR","description":"Iktomi, o Trickster-Aranha dos Lakota, conta-se entre os seres mais fascinantes da mitologia norte-americana."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38809"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38811,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38809\/revisions\/38811"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}