{"id":38788,"date":"2026-07-28T13:16:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T13:16:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/maui-heroi-trapaceiro-polinesio\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T13:17:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T13:17:17","slug":"maui","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/maui\/","title":{"rendered":"Maui: her\u00f3i trapaceiro polin\u00e9sio"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"38788\" class=\"elementor elementor-38788 elementor-2598\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maui: Trickster polinesiano, her\u00f3i cultural e pescador das ilhas<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maui, na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Maori frequentemente designado como Maui-tikitiki-a-Taranga, \u00e9 o grande trickster e her\u00f3i cultural polinesiano da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas sobre deuses transmitidas por uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> polin\u00e9sia. As suas narrativas est\u00e3o atestadas em quase todas as culturas insulares da Polin\u00e9sia: Aotearoa, Hawai&#8217;i, Tahiti, Samoa, Tonga, Ilhas Cook, Marquesas. Esta apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o descreve o seu perfil do ponto de vista dos estudos religiosos enquanto semideus, portador de cultura e figura ambivalente. Enquanto Trickster-heros, Maui desafia normas e limites, sempre a favorecer as pessoas com as suas artimanhas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trickster da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Polin\u00e9sia \/ Maori.\">Trickster<\/span><a href=\"\/pt-br\/polinesio-maori\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Polin\u00e9sia \/ Maori.\">Polin\u00e9sia \/ Maori<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trickster-heros.\">Trickster-heros<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Nenhum t\\u00edtulo foi encontrado nesta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg 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elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-maui-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-maui-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fechar Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-maui-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_polynesisch-maori_maui-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2708\" alt=\"Maui - Geister aus der Polynesisch-maori-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_polynesisch-maori_maui-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_polynesisch-maori_maui-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_polynesisch-maori_maui-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_polynesisch-maori_maui.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no pante\u00e3o polinesio<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maui n\u00e3o \u00e9 um Atua em sentido estrito, mas sim um semideus (demi-god) e heros. \u00c9 de ascend\u00eancia humano-mortal pelo lado materno, mas dotado de capacidades divinas e sobre-humanas. Na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Maori, \u00e9 o filho prematuro da sua m\u00e3e Taranga, envolto num tufo de cabelo (tikitiki) como se de um aborto se tratasse; \u00e9 lan\u00e7ado ao mar e criado no c\u00e9u por um antepassado ou por um Atua, frequentemente Tama-nui-ki-te-Rangi.<\/p><p>Margaret Orbell coloca Maui numa s\u00e9rie com outras figuras de trickster polin\u00e9sias. Do ponto de vista dos estudos religiosos, Maui \u00e9 uma figura cl\u00e1ssica de trickster no sentido de Paul Radin (<em>The Trickster<\/em>, 1956). Situa-se al\u00e9m dos Atua ordenadores, mas age como portador de cultura e explicador do mundo. A sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o de semideus torna-o numa figura mediadora entre a esfera humana e a divina.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O estudo cient\u00edfico de Deus e da cren\u00e7a de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> Maori n\u00e3o conhece nenhuma doutrina sistem\u00e1tica, nenhum edif\u00edcio doutrinal fechado, e \u00e9 precisamente por isso que uma figura t\u00e3o multifacetada como Maui tem lugar nela. O que os Atua possuem em termos de realidade, ganham-no na pr\u00e1tica: no Karakia, nas reuni\u00f5es no Marae, nas recita\u00e7\u00f5es de Whakapapa.<\/p><p>Esta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O estudo cient\u00edfico de Deus e da cren\u00e7a de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> fundada na pr\u00e1tica \u00e9 avaliada pela <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ci\u00eancia que estuda as religi\u00f5es de forma comparada e sem vincula\u00e7\u00e3o confessional.\" tabindex=\"0\">ci\u00eancia das religi\u00f5es<\/span> como uma contribui\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3pria para a disciplina; Mary Ann Boord e Edward Tregear desenvolveram-na sistematicamente nos seus trabalhos de etnografia religiosa sobre a Polin\u00e9sia.<\/p><p>Quem investiga a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo de gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> de Maui depara-se com um problema fundamental da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa polin\u00e9sia: grande parte das fontes prov\u00e9m do s\u00e9culo XIX e est\u00e1 marcada pela perspetiva de mission\u00e1rios e etn\u00f3logos.<\/p><p>Isso faz-se sentir sobretudo numa figura de trickster ambivalente como Maui. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o mais recente trabalha por isso continuamente numa descoloniza\u00e7\u00e3o desses acervos: coloca as vozes polin\u00e9sias no centro e examina criticamente os conceitos ordenadores ocidentais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e etimologia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O nome Maui est\u00e1 atestado em toda a Polin\u00e9sia: Maui em Aotearoa, Tahiti, Hawai&#8217;i, nas Ilhas Cook; Maui-tikitiki, Maui-potiki, Maui-mua, Maui-roto, Maui-taha, Maui-pae s\u00e3o ep\u00edtetos e designa\u00e7\u00f5es de irm\u00e3os. A ilha Maui no arquip\u00e9lago havaiano tem o seu nome, o que documenta a difus\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-religiosa.<\/p><p>A pr\u00f3pria etimologia n\u00e3o est\u00e1 seguramente reconstitu\u00edda. Bruce Biggs prop\u00f5e um significado como &#8216;esquerdo&#8217; ou &#8216;o desajeitado&#8217;, o que se adequaria \u00e0 natureza de trickster. Outras propostas acentuam &#8216;o vivente&#8217; ou &#8216;o que respira&#8217;. A multiplicidade dos ep\u00edtetos mostra que Maui n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma figura fechada, mas sim um conjunto de designa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p><p>Maui surge sob uma grande variedade de ep\u00edtetos e, do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria da l\u00edngua, esta variedade remete para uma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo de gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> oral que se ramificou ricamente a n\u00edvel regional.<\/p><p>A profundidade lingu\u00edstica dos te\u00f4nimos Maori e havaianos est\u00e1 documentada nos trabalhos lexicol\u00f3gicos de Bruce Biggs e Hugh Clarke. Estes estudos constituem simultaneamente a base para apreender o parentesco entre as l\u00ednguas polin\u00e9sias entre si.<\/p><p>Os ep\u00edtetos de Maui n\u00e3o s\u00e3o, em muitos casos, mero ornamento. Codificam determinadas fun\u00e7\u00f5es rituais e encontram-se fixados nas f\u00f3rmulas de Karakia. Os Tohunga, os especialistas rituais, sabiam exatamente qual o ep\u00edteto a invocar em cada situa\u00e7\u00e3o. Charles Royal e Pou Temara estudam esta pr\u00e1tica lit\u00fargica rigorosamente regulada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descri\u00e7\u00e3o e iconografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maui \u00e9 representado iconograficamente como um homem jovem e esguio com um longo tufo de cabelo, frequentemente com o anzol m\u00edtico na m\u00e3o ou com um la\u00e7o com que domina o sol. Est\u00e1 presente em entalhes de casas de reuni\u00e3o e canoas, ainda que n\u00e3o t\u00e3o frequentemente como os grandes Atua.<\/p><p>O seu anzol (Maui-tikitiki, Maui-matau) \u00e9 considerado um instrumento lend\u00e1rio; o atual pingente Hei-matau dos Maori (anzol de Pounamu) remete para este fundo m\u00edtico. O la\u00e7o para o sol \u00e9 uma segunda chave iconogr\u00e1fica. No Hawai&#8217;i, o anzol de Maui est\u00e1 associado \u00e0 constela\u00e7\u00e3o conhecida no Ocidente como a &#8216;cauda do Escorpi\u00e3o&#8217;.<\/p><p>A arte da entalha dos Maori e dos havaianos conheceu um renascimento impressionante ao longo dos \u00faltimos cinquenta anos. Cliff Whiting, Robyn Kahukiwa, Wright Bowman e Sam Ka&#8217;ai est\u00e3o entre os artistas que criaram tanto formas da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o como interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es modernas.<\/p><p>Nas suas obras, os Atua, e her\u00f3is como Maui, reaparecem repetidamente, de modo que a sua presen\u00e7a iconogr\u00e1fica se estende at\u00e9 \u00e0 arte contempor\u00e2nea.<\/p><p>A arte polin\u00e9sia n\u00e3o pode ser separada do seu significado cosmol\u00f3gico. Uma espiral (koru), um ornamento, uma linha, cada um destes elementos tem um sentido fenomenol\u00f3gico-religioso, tamb\u00e9m onde Maui \u00e9 representado. Roger Neich, Damian Skinner e outros historiadores de arte abriram sistematicamente estas camadas de significado.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A cria\u00e7\u00e3o das ilhas por Maui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A narrativa central \u00e9 a pesca das ilhas por Maui. Com um anzol feito do osso da mand\u00edbula da sua antepassada Murirangawhenua, Maui retira do mar um peixe enorme, a Ilha Norte de Aotearoa, Te Ika-a-Maui (&#8216;o peixe de Maui&#8217;). A Ilha Sul \u00e9 frequentemente designada como a sua canoa (Te Waka-a-Maui), e a Ilha Stewart como a sua \u00e2ncora (Te Punga-o-Maui).<\/p><p>No Hawai&#8217;i existe uma narrativa paralela em que Maui retira as ilhas do mar. Existem tamb\u00e9m variantes nas Ilhas Cook e em Tonga.<\/p><p>Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, trata-se de um cl\u00e1ssico mito de cria\u00e7\u00e3o do tipo &#8216;mergulhador da terra&#8217; ou &#8216;puxar a terra&#8217;, tal como Eliade (<em>Patterns in Comparative Religion<\/em>, 1958) o descreve como um tipo pan-regional. A sua difus\u00e3o na Polin\u00e9sia mostra que a concep\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 profundamente enraizada na religi\u00e3o proto-polin\u00e9sia.<\/p><p>Tamb\u00e9m a narrativa da cria\u00e7\u00e3o das ilhas n\u00e3o deve ser entendida como um texto fechado em si mesmo. Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, todo o material relativo a Maui forma uma rede de narrativas que se elucidam mutuamente e s\u00e3o valorizadas de forma diferente nas diversas tradi\u00e7\u00f5es tribais.<\/p><p>Esta estrutura rizom\u00e1tica e reticular dificulta metodicamente a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, mas confere-lhe profundidade hermen\u00eautica. Vers\u00f5es divergentes de uma hist\u00f3ria n\u00e3o s\u00e3o consideradas &#8216;erradas&#8217; ou &#8216;falsificadas&#8217;, mas sim manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es regionais de igual valor.<\/p><p>A hist\u00f3ria do pescador de ilhas Maui \u00e9 transmitida de forma ativa, em vez de ser meramente conservada na mem\u00f3ria, nos Karakia, nos discursos no Marae e no ensino. \u00c9, portanto, uma pr\u00e1tica viva e n\u00e3o um arquivo inativo. Os programas lingu\u00edsticos para Te Reo Maori e Olelo Hawai&#8217;i refor\u00e7aram nitidamente esta vitalidade nas \u00faltimas tr\u00eas d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maui e o sol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uma outra narrativa central relata como Maui domina o sol. O sol atravessava o c\u00e9u demasiado depressa; as pessoas tinham pouca luz do dia.<\/p><p>Maui tece com os seus irm\u00e3os la\u00e7os feitos do cabelo da sua irm\u00e3 (ou da sua m\u00e3e) e disp\u00f5e-nos nas aberturas por onde o sol nasce. Quando o sol aparece, ele captura-o e bate-lhe at\u00e9 que este prometa mover-se mais lentamente.<\/p><p>No Hawai&#8217;i, esta narrativa est\u00e1 associada ao vulc\u00e3o Haleakala na ilha de Maui; diz-se que foi a\u00ed que Maui capturou o sol. Beckwith documenta extensamente a variante havaiana. Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, trata-se de um cl\u00e1ssico <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma narrativa transmitida sobre deuses, origens e a ordem do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> etiol\u00f3gico: explica a dura\u00e7\u00e3o do dia e a regularidade do movimento do sol.<\/p><p>O facto de Maui dominar o sol para que os dias sejam mais longos e o trabalho seja poss\u00edvel ilustra um tra\u00e7o fundamental da religi\u00e3o dos Maori e dos havaianos: o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma a\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa fixada e recorrente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rito<\/span> e a atividade cotidiana est\u00e3o entrela\u00e7ados.<\/p><p>Os sistemas religiosos que separam estritamente o sagrado do profano n\u00e3o conhecem isto assim; aqui, as refer\u00eancias aos Atua perpassam toda a vida. Esta religiosidade enraizada no pr\u00f3prio mundo vivido \u00e9 objeto de estudos fenomenol\u00f3gico-religiosos de Mason Durie, Charles Royal, Lilikala Kame&#8217;eleihiwa e outros estudiosos polin\u00e9sios da atualidade.<\/p><p>A estreita liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre a pr\u00e1tica ritual e o cotidiano pode tamb\u00e9m ser lida na l\u00edngua: termos como mana, tapu, aroha ou hauora fazem hoje parte do ingl\u00eas geral de Aotearoa e s\u00e3o utilizados tamb\u00e9m fora de contextos religiosos. O facto de a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O estudo cient\u00edfico de Deus e da cren\u00e7a de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> Maori se ter inscrito de tal forma no uso da l\u00edngua comprova a sua profunda influ\u00eancia cultural.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maui e o fogo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uma terceira narrativa famosa relata como Maui vai buscar o fogo a Mahuika, a deusa do fogo e antepassada. Maui visita Mahuika e pede-lhe fogo. Ela d\u00e1-lhe uma das suas unhas, onde o fogo habita. Maui apaga-a e regressa para pedir outra.<\/p><p>Assim, vai retirando todas as suas unhas at\u00e9 que ela fica furiosa e lan\u00e7a todo o fogo para a floresta. Maui salva-se por pouco e o fogo sobrevive em certas \u00e1rvores, a partir das quais pode ser obtido at\u00e9 hoje por fric\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>Esta narrativa \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m pan-polin\u00e9sia e corresponde ao tipo pan-regional de Prometeu (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma narrativa transmitida sobre deuses, origens e a ordem do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> do roubo do fogo). Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, Maui \u00e9 aqui uma figura cl\u00e1ssica de trickster: obt\u00e9m o fogo atrav\u00e9s do engano, n\u00e3o da for\u00e7a.<\/p><p>A religi\u00e3o polin\u00e9sia mant\u00e9m-se viva sobretudo em dois tipos de lugar: no Marae e no Heiau, que s\u00e3o simultaneamente locais de reuni\u00e3o e de culto. Cada Marae e cada Heiau tem a sua pr\u00f3pria Whakapapa, as suas pr\u00f3prias tradi\u00e7\u00f5es e as suas pr\u00f3prias refer\u00eancias aos Atua.<\/p><p>Quem entra num Marae \u00e9 primeiramente recebido no Powhiri, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma sequ\u00eancia regulada de a\u00e7\u00f5es simb\u00f3licas com significado religioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> com que os Tangata Whenua acolhem formalmente os seus visitantes. Trata-se de uma pr\u00e1tica religiosa viva e n\u00e3o de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cultura popular transmitida, com costumes, narrativas e can\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclore<\/span> cerimonial, do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, o Powhiri conta-se entre os rituais de sauda\u00e7\u00e3o polin\u00e9sios melhor documentados.<\/p><p>No s\u00e9culo XX e no s\u00e9culo XXI, a pr\u00e1tica cultual deslocou-se significativamente. Se antes eram os Tohunga a conduzir o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma a\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa fixada e recorrente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rito<\/span>, esta tarefa recai hoje em muitos casos sobre os Kaumatua, os anci\u00e3os, e sobre os comit\u00e9s do Marae. Do ponto de vista da sociologia da religi\u00e3o, esta desloca\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 elucidativa; Manuka Henare e Mason Durie discutem-na na sua investiga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A morte de Maui e Hine-nui-te-po<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A morte de Maui \u00e9 o aspecto mais sombrio e historicamente mais importante da sua vida. Maui quer proporcionar a imortalidade \u00e0 humanidade, atravessando Hine-nui-te-po, a deusa do submundo (ver <a href=\"\/pt-br\/hina\/\">Hina<\/a>), de dentro para fora enquanto ela dorme.<\/p><p>Transforma-se num verme e rasteja para dentro do seu corpo. Mas um p\u00e1ssaro (Piwakawaka, cauda-de-leque) ri, Hine-nui-te-po acorda e esmaga Maui. Desde ent\u00e3o, os seres humanos s\u00e3o mortais.<\/p><p>Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, trata-se de um cl\u00e1ssico <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma narrativa transmitida sobre deuses, origens e a ordem do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> etiol\u00f3gico da mortalidade. Explica por que raz\u00e3o os seres humanos n\u00e3o vivem eternamente. Estruturalmente, a narrativa \u00e9 afim de outros mitos (como Orfeu e Eur\u00eddice, ou o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma narrativa transmitida sobre deuses, origens e a ordem do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> mesopot\u00e2mico de Adapa), em que um her\u00f3i falha por pouco a imortalidade.<\/p><p>Maui, que mesmo na morte falha perante Hine-nui-te-po, ilustra o quanto a concep\u00e7\u00e3o polin\u00e9sia de prote\u00e7\u00e3o tem a ver com a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um objeto usado que se lhe atribui um efeito protetor e de afastamento do mal.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuleto<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00e1ticas que pretendem intervir no curso das coisas atrav\u00e9s de a\u00e7\u00f5es ou f\u00f3rmulas especiais.\" tabindex=\"0\"> magia ocidental. Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, importa aqui distinguir: a prote\u00e7\u00e3o tem uma constitui\u00e7\u00e3o relacional e ritualizada; o efeito m\u00e1gico-causal n\u00e3o \u00e9 a sua base.<\/span> magia ocidental. Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, importa aqui distinguir: a prote\u00e7\u00e3o tem uma constitui\u00e7\u00e3o relacional e ritualizada; o efeito m\u00e1gico-causal n\u00e3o \u00e9 a sua base.<\/p><p>Quem est\u00e1 em rela\u00e7\u00e3o com um Atua e cultiva essa rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 considerado &#8216;protegido&#8217;. N\u00e3o age aqui nenhum objeto; \u00e9 antes uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o existente que reclama validade cosmol\u00f3gica. Na antropologia da religi\u00e3o, esta ideia \u00e9 conhecida pelo conceito de &#8216;ontologia relacional&#8217;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culto, prote\u00e7\u00e3o e invoca\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maui n\u00e3o \u00e9 um Atua com um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das a\u00e7\u00f5es de venera\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa dedicadas a uma divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> institucionalizado pr\u00f3prio. \u00c9 invocado nos Karakia, mas raramente como figura de refer\u00eancia central de um ritual. A sua liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 antes a de um heros ancestral, cujas inven\u00e7\u00f5es tornaram a humanidade capaz de viver.<\/p><p>Em contextos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, Maui \u00e9 patrono dos pescadores (o seu anzol), dos viajantes (a sua coragem) e dos astutos. O pingente Hei-matau \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um signo que representa por substitui\u00e7\u00e3o uma ideia ou um significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> para viajantes e surfistas. Hirini Mead descreve esta pr\u00e1tica como identifica\u00e7\u00e3o cultural, n\u00e3o como fun\u00e7\u00e3o de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um objeto usado que se lhe atribui um efeito protetor e de afastamento do mal.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuleto<\/span> m\u00e1gico.<\/p><p>As estruturas universais da experi\u00eancia religiosa, tal como ressoam numa figura de trickster como Maui, foram sistematicamente examinadas por Joseph Campbell e Mircea Eliade. Os seus trabalhos s\u00e3o fundamentais, mas devem ser repensados para os contextos polin\u00e9sios concretos, sem cair numa simplifica\u00e7\u00e3o pan-globalizante. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o polin\u00e9sia mais recente insiste expressamente nesta leitura sens\u00edvel ao contexto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maui pode ser comparado a outros her\u00f3is trickster: Hermes (grego), Loki (germ\u00e2nico), Anansi (Akan), Coiote (pradaria norte-americana), Kaulu no Hawai&#8217;i. As semelhan\u00e7as s\u00e3o: nascimento humilde, ast\u00facia refinada, efeito ambivalente (benef\u00edcio e dano), introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de bens culturais. Joseph Campbell (<em>The Hero with a Thousand Faces<\/em>, 1949) insere Maui no padr\u00e3o t\u00edpico do her\u00f3i.<\/p><p>Mais importante do que os universais \u00e9, no entanto, a especificidade polin\u00e9sia. Maui \u00e9, para al\u00e9m do her\u00f3i astuto, tamb\u00e9m um ge\u00f3grafo: explica a geografia concreta das ilhas polin\u00e9sias. Esta ancoragem geogr\u00e1fica \u00e9 uma especificidade em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s figuras de trickster europeias ou africanas.<\/p><p>No debate internacional, a religi\u00e3o polin\u00e9sia \u00e9 cada vez mais reconhecida como um sistema religioso aut\u00f3nomo e deixou de ser menosprezada como mera &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas sobre deuses transmitidas por uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span>&#8216; ou &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cultura popular transmitida, com costumes, narrativas e can\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclore<\/span>&#8216;.<\/p><p>O facto de termos como mana, tapu, mauri e whakapapa terem encontrado lugar na linguagem cient\u00edfica especializada comprova esta mudan\u00e7a. O seu uso pressup\u00f5e, no entanto, uma sensibilidade contextual que n\u00e3o \u00e9 dada por si mesma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rece\u00e7\u00e3o atual<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maui \u00e9 hoje uma das figuras polin\u00e9sias mais conhecidas da cultura mundial, n\u00e3o por \u00faltimo gra\u00e7as ao filme da Disney &#8216;Moana&#8217; (2016), que representa Maui numa adapta\u00e7\u00e3o livre.<\/p><p>A recep\u00e7\u00e3o pela Disney foi objeto de debates cr\u00edticos na Polin\u00e9sia; muitos Maori, havaianos e samoanos criticaram a representa\u00e7\u00e3o como incorreta, enquanto outros saudaram a visibilidade internacional. Vilsoni Hereniko e outros cineastas do Pac\u00edfico produziram as suas pr\u00f3prias adapta\u00e7\u00f5es de Maui.<\/p><p>Em Aotearoa, Maui est\u00e1 presente diariamente: nos manuais escolares, nos programas de l\u00edngua Maori, na geografia (Te Ika-a-Maui como nome da Ilha Norte). Uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o aprofundada na <a href=\"\/pt-br\/polinesio-maori\/\">religi\u00e3o polin\u00e9sia-maori<\/a> liga Maui aos demais Atua num tecido cosmol\u00f3gico coerente.<\/p><p>O interc\u00e2mbio entre as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es de saber internas \u00e0 Polin\u00e9sia e a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o acad\u00eamica \u00e9 hoje sustentado por institui\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00f3prias: a Royal Society of New Zealand, Te Aparangi, o Departamento de Estudos Maori da Universidade de Auckland, a University of Hawai&#8217;i at Manoa e a funda\u00e7\u00e3o Te Punga Tipu.<\/p><p>O seu quadro institucional assegura que esta investiga\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m parta da pr\u00f3pria Polin\u00e9sia e n\u00e3o se esgote apenas no ato de investigar sobre a Polin\u00e9sia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21abc1ea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21abc1ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27980ef7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27980ef7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O erguer das ilhas do mar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24f0d461 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24f0d461\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2387e855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2387e855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Entre as narrativas de M\u0101ui mais amplamente difundidas conta-se a pesca de uma ilha nas profundezas do mar. Na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo de gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> M\u0101ori da Nova Zel\u00e2ndia, M\u0101ui introduz-se secretamente na canoa dos seus irm\u00e3os mais velhos, que n\u00e3o o querem levar.<\/p><p>Em alto mar, retira um anzol especial, descrito frequentemente como feito do osso da mand\u00edbula da sua antepassada Murirangawhenua, e isca-o com o seu pr\u00f3prio sangue.<\/p><p>O anzol prende-se no fundo do mar, e M\u0101ui puxa com grande esfor\u00e7o uma enorme massa de terra. Na interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o M\u0101ori, esta massa de terra \u00e9 a Ilha Norte da Nova Zel\u00e2ndia, que por isso se chama <em>Te Ika-a-M\u0101ui<\/em>, o peixe de M\u0101ui. A canoa de onde se pescou \u00e9 equiparada \u00e0 Ilha Sul.<\/p><p>Quando M\u0101ui se afasta por breve tempo para apaziguar os deuses, os irm\u00e3os come\u00e7am, contrariamente ao seu aviso, a cortar e a talhar o peixe. \u00c9 da\u00ed que prov\u00e9m, segundo esta narrativa, a superf\u00edcie recortada da ilha, atravessada por vales e montanhas.<\/p><p>A mesma estrutura de base, a pesca de terra, encontra-se em numerosas outras regi\u00f5es polin\u00e9sias, nomeadamente no Hawai&#8217;i, em Tonga e nas Ilhas da Sociedade, cada uma referida \u00e0 geografia local. A narrativa \u00e9 assim simultaneamente uma interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o da paisagem: explica a origem de ilhas concretas e da sua forma.<\/p><p>As fontes s\u00e3o regionalmente diversas; para a Nova Zel\u00e2ndia, s\u00e3o sobretudo as cole\u00e7\u00f5es de George Grey de meados do s\u00e9culo XIX, que no entanto foram objeto de trabalho editorial e n\u00e3o podem ser consideradas como uma reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o filtrada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp277b5d9f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp277b5d9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2105e0cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2105e0cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A tentativa de superar a morte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b7ee2d7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2b7ee2d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp215a5cf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp215a5cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uma posi\u00e7\u00e3o especial no ciclo de M\u0101ui \u00e9 ocupada pela \u00faltima narrativa, em que M\u0101ui quer vencer a pr\u00f3pria morte. Ao contr\u00e1rio da maioria dos outros epis\u00f3dios, termina com a morte do her\u00f3i em vez do seu \u00eaxito, e explica por que raz\u00e3o os seres humanos s\u00e3o mortais.<\/p><p>Na vers\u00e3o neozelandesa, M\u0101ui quer superar a deusa da morte Hine-nui-te-p\u014d, que dorme \u00e0 beira do mundo. O seu pai avisa-o, mas M\u0101ui est\u00e1 decidido. O seu plano \u00e9 penetrar no corpo da deusa adormecida e sair pela sua boca, o que inverteria a morte e tornaria os seres humanos imortais.<\/p><p>Leva consigo v\u00e1rios p\u00e1ssaros como companheiros e recomenda-lhes que se mantenham calmos. Quando M\u0101ui penetrou at\u00e9 metade no corpo da deusa, um p\u00e1ssaro pequeno, em muitas vers\u00f5es o <em>t\u012bwaiwaka<\/em> semelhante \u00e0 alv\u00e9ola, n\u00e3o consegue conter o riso. Hine-nui-te-p\u014d acorda e mata M\u0101ui.<\/p><p>Esta narrativa \u00e9 historicamente relevante do ponto de vista da ci\u00eancia das religi\u00f5es, porque marca a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre o trickster e a ordem c\u00f3smica. M\u0101ui obteve anteriormente o fogo, as ilhas e dias mais longos, mas na fronteira entre a vida e a morte a sua interven\u00e7\u00e3o falha.<\/p><p>A morte permanece uma constante que nem o her\u00f3i mais engenhoso pode abolir. O epis\u00f3dio foi registrado por George Grey e outros, sendo que os pormenores variam entre as vers\u00f5es. Algumas tradi\u00e7\u00f5es tribais tratam partes desta narrativa como saber sens\u00edvel, raz\u00e3o pela qual as vers\u00f5es publicadas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o plenamente representativas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (sele\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Margaret Orbell: <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995)<\/li><li>Martha Beckwith: <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940)<\/li><li>Antony Alpers: <em>Maori Myths and Tribal Legends<\/em> (1964)<\/li><li>Joseph Campbell: <em>The Hero with a Thousand Faces<\/em> (1949)<\/li><li>Paul Radin: <em>The Trickster<\/em> (1956)<\/li><li>Anne Salmond: <em>Tears of Rangi<\/em> (2017)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-maui e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-maui\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-maui-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-maui-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enquanto <em>kulturheros<\/em> do mundo insular polin\u00e9sio, Maui encarna o campo de tens\u00e3o entre a ast\u00facia, a ousadia e o ato criador: pesca ilhas do mar, captura o sol e traz o fogo aos seres humanos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termos-chave relacionados: Maui Polin\u00e9sia Trickster Te Ika-a-Maui Haleakala anzol Mahuika Hine-nui-te-po.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-maui\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard e as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>A iWell Guard inspira-se na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural dos objetos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1teis, na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/polinesio-maori\/\">Polin\u00e9sia \/ Maori<\/a> e de muitas outras culturas em todo o mundo. 41 n\u00edveis, ouro genu\u00edno, platina, prata, fabricado na Alemanha. Direito de devolu\u00e7\u00e3o em 30 dias.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maui-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maui-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">As experi\u00eancias pessoais podem variar. 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Os conte\u00fados dos estudos religiosos constituem uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural, n\u00e3o uma recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o de pr\u00e1tica espiritual.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maui: Trickster polinesiano, her\u00f3i cultural e pescador das ilhas Maui, na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Maori frequentemente designado como Maui-tikitiki-a-Taranga, \u00e9 o grande trickster e her\u00f3i cultural polinesiano da mitologia polin\u00e9sia. As suas narrativas est\u00e3o atestadas em quase todas as culturas insulares da Polin\u00e9sia: Aotearoa, Hawai&#8217;i, Tahiti, Samoa, Tonga, Ilhas Cook, Marquesas. Esta apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o descreve o seu perfil [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2708,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"maui polin\u00e9sia trickster","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Maui: Trickster-heros polin\u00e9sio, mitos","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Maui \u00e9 no mito polin\u00e9sio o trickster-heros que pescou ilhas do mar e dominou o sol. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o do ponto de vista dos estudos religiosos.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"polynesisch-maori","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-38788","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maui: Trickster-heros polin\u00e9sio, mitos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Maui \u00e9 no mito polin\u00e9sio o trickster-heros que pescou ilhas do mar e dominou o sol. 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