{"id":37864,"date":"2026-07-26T21:52:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T21:52:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eshmun-deus-da-cura-de-sidon\/"},"modified":"2026-07-26T21:53:18","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T21:53:18","slug":"eshmun","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/","title":{"rendered":"Eshmun: deus da cura de S\u00eddon"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"37864\" class=\"elementor elementor-37864 elementor-2629\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eshmun, deus fen\u00edcio da cura e deus tutelar de S\u00eddon<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun (fen\u00edcio <em>\u02be\u0161mn<\/em>) \u00e9 o principal deus tutelar da cidade de S\u00eddon e um dos mais importantes deuses da cura do mundo fen\u00edcio. Foi identificado com o grego Ascl\u00e9pio e situa-se no centro de um significativo culto de cura, com o c\u00e9lebre templo de Eshmun<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tempel<\/span> junto a S\u00eddon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia.\">Deus<\/span><a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-fenicios\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia.\">Fen\u00edcio<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus da cura.\">Deus da cura<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Nenhum t\\u00edtulo foi encontrado nesta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-eshmun-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-eshmun-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fechar Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-eshmun-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2849\" alt=\"Eshmun - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-eshmun elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-eshmun elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma narrativa transmitida pela tradi\u00e7\u00e3o acerca dos deuses, das origens e da ordem do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span><\/strong> de Eshmun liga os cultos de cura fen\u00edcios \u00e0s tradi\u00e7\u00f5es helen\u00edsticas de Ascl\u00e9pio e moldou o culto templ\u00e1rio em S\u00eddon ao longo de s\u00e9culos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e perfil resumido<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun pertence \u00e0s mais importantes divindades fen\u00edcias; \u00e9 o deus tutelar de S\u00eddon e aparece regularmente ao lado de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/astarte-phoenix\/\">Astarte<\/a> como par divino de S\u00eddon.<\/p><p>Sabatino Moscati demonstrou em <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (1966) que o culto de Eshmun<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto dos atos religiosos de venera\u00e7\u00e3o dirigidos a uma divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span> em S\u00eddon tinha uma import\u00e2ncia pol\u00edtico-religiosa e econ\u00f4mica fundamental; o templo de Eshmun<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span> junto a Bostan esh-Sheikh, a nordeste de S\u00eddon, \u00e9 um dos santu\u00e1rios fen\u00edcios melhor conservados.<\/p><p>Do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es, Eshmun representa o tipo do deus da cura que morre e ressuscita sazonalmente. O seu perfil funcional \u00e9 claramente mais restrito do que o de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal-Hadad<\/a>: Eshmun \u00e9 primeiramente deus da cura e deus protetor da cidade, menos deus das tempestades.<\/p><p>Esta especializa\u00e7\u00e3o na cura e nas fun\u00e7\u00f5es urbanas \u00e9 invulgar no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto dos deuses de uma religi\u00e3o ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00e3o<\/span> fen\u00edcio e torna Eshmun uma figura teol\u00f3gica aut\u00f3noma. No \u00e2mbito da <a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-fenicios\/\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia<\/a>, \u00e9 o prot\u00f3tipo do deus da cura.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet examinou em v\u00e1rios estudos a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Eshmun com o grego Ascl\u00e9pio e as suas implica\u00e7\u00f5es teol\u00f3gicas. A identifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 documentada literariamente desde o s\u00e9culo V a.C. e origina uma influ\u00eancia rec\u00edproca entre ambas as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es de culto. No per\u00edodo helen\u00edstico, o templo de Eshmun<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span> transforma-se num Asclepieion suprarregional.<\/p><p>Uma particularidade not\u00e1vel de Eshmun \u00e9 a estreita liga\u00e7\u00e3o com a casa real sid\u00f3nia. Eshmunazar I, Eshmunazar II, Bod-Eshmun e v\u00e1rios outros reis de S\u00eddon ostentam o seu te\u00f3nimo no nome. Esta tradi\u00e7\u00e3o onom\u00e1stica atesta a posi\u00e7\u00e3o central de Eshmun na hist\u00f3ria din\u00e1stica sid\u00f3nia.<\/p><p>A liga\u00e7\u00e3o teol\u00f3gica de Eshmun com <a href=\"\/pt-br\/astarte-phoenix\/\">Astarte<\/a> como par divino de S\u00eddon \u00e9 an\u00e1loga \u00e0 constela\u00e7\u00e3o <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal-Hadad<\/a>-Anat ou <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"\/pt-br\/tanit\/\">&#8211;<\/a>Tanit<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e etimologia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c9poca da cultura grega e romana, aproximadamente entre 800 a.C. e 600 d.C.<em>A etimologia do nome Eshmun \u00e9 controversa. Uma interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o plaus\u00edvel associa <\/em>\u02be\u0161mn<em> ao n\u00famero &#8216;oito&#8217; (sem\u00edtico ocidental <\/em>\u0161mn<\/p><p>); Eshmun seria ent\u00e3o &#8216;o Oitavo&#8217;, provavelmente como oitavo filho de uma fam\u00edlia de deuses ou como oitavo numeral ordinal numa lista de divindades.<em>Uma outra interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o v\u00ea em <\/em>\u02be\u0161mn<em> uma liga\u00e7\u00e3o com a palavra para &#8216;\u00f3leo&#8217; (<\/em>\u0161mn<\/p><p>); Eshmun seria ent\u00e3o &#8216;o Ungido&#8217; ou &#8216;o Ligado ao \u00d3leo&#8217;, o que se adequaria \u00e0 sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o curativa.<em>Em inscri\u00e7\u00f5es aparece como <\/em>\u02be\u0161mn<em>; em fontes gregas como Eshmun (\u1f18\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd ou \u1f08\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2). Dam\u00e1scio (s\u00e9culo VI d.C.) refere nas suas <\/em>Quaestiones Vitae<\/p><p> que Eshmun teria sido um jovem de Beirute que p\u00f4s fim \u00e0 pr\u00f3pria vida numa fonte por desgosto amoroso e que, ap\u00f3s a morte, foi venerado como deus.<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\" noutras cidades-estado fen\u00edcias.\" tabindex=\"0\">Este tardio &#8216;mito do her\u00f3i<\/span>&#8216; \u00e9 revelador do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es, pois preserva a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o com Ad\u00f3nis e com o tipo do her\u00f3i mortal-divino.<\/p><p>No ac\u00e1dico e no hitita, Eshmun n\u00e3o est\u00e1 identificado diretamente. A identifica\u00e7\u00e3o grega com Ascl\u00e9pio \u00e9 a mais importante; Paus\u00e2nias e outros autores <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma narrativa transmitida pela tradi\u00e7\u00e3o acerca dos deuses, das origens e da ordem do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">antigos<\/span> atestam-na. Em Cartago e nas col\u00f3nias ocidentais, Eshmun aparece igualmente, embora com frequ\u00eancia claramente menor do que <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> ou <a href=\"\/pt-br\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>.<\/p><p>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descri\u00e7\u00e3o e iconografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Consagrado ao sagrado por meio de um ato religioso e, desse modo, retirado do cotidiano.<\/p><p>Eshmun aparece na iconografia fen\u00edcia como um deus jovem, barbado ou imberbe, frequentemente com um cajado e uma serpente, s\u00edmbolo de salva\u00e7\u00e3o por excel\u00eancia. Na \u00e9poca helen\u00edstica, a sua iconografia \u00e9 largamente sintetizada com a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Ascl\u00e9pio: cajado com serpente enrolada, manto comprido, postura serena.<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o cartaginesa mais tardia, Eshmun aparece com o ep\u00edteto de 'Curador' e \u00e9 identificado diretamente com o grego Ascl\u00e9pio. Esta identifica\u00e7\u00e3o com Ascl\u00e9pio marcou a cultura de cura cartaginesa e sobreviveu \u00e0 queda do estado p\u00fanico no per\u00edodo romano sob o nome de Aesculapius.\" tabindex=\"0\">O seu animal sagrado \u00e9 a serpente; o templo de Eshmun<\/span><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"> junto a S\u00eddon possu\u00eda efetivamente serpentes sagradas, conforme relata Dam\u00e1scio. A tradi\u00e7\u00e3o do santu\u00e1rio das serpentes liga Eshmun ao Asclepieion grego de Epidauro, onde igualmente se mantinham serpentes sagradas. Tamb\u00e9m o galo aparece ocasionalmente como animal acompanhante, o que constitui mais uma correspond\u00eancia com Ascl\u00e9pio.<\/span>O templo de Eshmun<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um lugar sagrado consagrado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\"> junto a Bostan esh-Sheikh est\u00e1 bem documentado arqueologicamente; as escava\u00e7\u00f5es sob dire\u00e7\u00e3o de Maurice Dunand e, mais recentemente, de Patty Gerstenblith publicaram a arquitetura do templo, as inscri\u00e7\u00f5es e as oferendas votivas.<\/span>O <\/p><p>templo<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"> dispunha de um banho de cura (<\/span>balneum<em>) com \u00e1gua corrente proveniente da montanha adjacente, onde os que buscavam a cura realizavam purifica\u00e7\u00f5es rituais. Esta arquitetura terap\u00eautica \u00e9 um dos testemunhos mais significativos do culto de cura fen\u00edcio.<\/em>Uma estatueta de m\u00e1rmore de uma crian\u00e7a encontrada no templo de Eshmun<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">, com o ep\u00edteto de &#8216;Menino de Eshmun&#8217;, \u00e9 um dos objetos individuais mais famosos; foi<\/span><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">consagrada<\/span> por Eshmunazar II e evidencia o car\u00e1ter jovem e sagrado do deus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Narrativas mitol\u00f3gicas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os mitos fen\u00edcios de Eshmun est\u00e3o documentados apenas de forma fragment\u00e1ria. Dam\u00e1scio relata a narrativa do her\u00f3i mencionada acima: Eshmun, um belo jovem de Beirute, era perseguido por Astarte; para escapar ao seu amor, castrou-se a si pr\u00f3prio e morreu. Astarte tomou o seu cad\u00e1ver, trouxe-o de volta a Beirute e &#8216;chamou-o a uma nova vida atrav\u00e9s do calor vivificante&#8217;.<\/p><p>Esta narrativa pertence estruturalmente \u00e0 tradi\u00e7\u00e3o de Ad\u00f3nis-Tammuz: jovem her\u00f3i mortal-divino, a sua morte, a sua ressurrei\u00e7\u00e3o por uma deusa. Do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es, \u00e9 um exemplo da variante fen\u00edcia do motivo do &#8216;deus que morre e ressuscita&#8217;, particularmente difundido no Mediterr\u00e2neo ocidental.<\/p><p>Uma segunda tradi\u00e7\u00e3o associa Eshmun \u00e0 cura por meio da apari\u00e7\u00e3o divina no sonho (<em>incubatio<\/em>): os que procuravam a cura dormiam no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> e recebiam no sonho instru\u00e7\u00f5es sanadoras.<\/p><p>Esta pr\u00e1tica corresponde \u00e0 tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega do Asclepieion e foi desenvolvida em ambas as culturas em paralelo ou por interc\u00e2mbio. Os <em>Discursos Sagrados<\/em> de \u00c9lio Aristides, do s\u00e9culo II d.C., documentam extensamente esta pr\u00e1tica de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o para Ascl\u00e9pio; para Eshmun est\u00e3o documentados relatos semelhantes de S\u00eddon e Beirute.<\/p><p>Uma fragment\u00e1ria <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um texto gravado ou esculpido num suporte s\u00f3lido.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscri\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> fen\u00edcia de Cartago menciona uma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma prociss\u00e3o religiosa solene.\" tabindex=\"0\">prociss\u00e3o<\/span> de Eshmun com um esquife e um &#8216;despertar&#8217; no dia da primavera. Esta prociss\u00e3o primaveril est\u00e1 historicamente relacionada com a festa do despertar de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/melqart\/\">Melqart<\/a> e insere-se na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o festiva fen\u00edcia da primavera.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culto e venera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O principal local de culto de Eshmun era o templo junto a Bostan esh-Sheikh, a cerca de 4 km a nordeste da antiga S\u00eddon. O templo foi fundado no s\u00e9culo VI a.C. pelo rei Eshmunazar I e soberbiamente ampliado por Eshmunazar II (s\u00e9culo V a.C.).<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span><\/p><p>A c\u00e9lebre inscri\u00e7\u00e3o do sarc\u00f3fago de Eshmunazar II (no Louvre) \u00e9 uma das mais importantes inscri\u00e7\u00f5es fen\u00edcias em geral; designa Eshmun como &#8216;meu senhor&#8217; e descreve a sua import\u00e2ncia cultual.<\/p><p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> compreendia v\u00e1rios complexos: o edif\u00edcio principal com o sancta sanctorum, o banho de cura com \u00e1gua corrente, um \u00e1trio com altares, c\u00e2maras para a incuba\u00e7\u00e3o e \u00e1reas para as oferendas votivas. Os que buscavam a cura traziam oferendas na forma de ossos de bronze, figuras de argila, inscri\u00e7\u00f5es e &#8216;orelhas douradas&#8217; (sinais de gratid\u00e3o por preces atendidas).<\/p><p>Al\u00e9m disso, Eshmun possu\u00eda santu\u00e1rios em Beirute, em Cartago (onde era venerado na colina de Birsa), em Idalion em Chipre e em v\u00e1rios outros locais. Em Idalion aparece frequentemente ao lado da fen\u00edcia Astarte e da grega Afrodite. Em Cartago surge ocasionalmente ao lado de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>, mantendo por\u00e9m a sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o curativa aut\u00f3noma.<\/p><p>As inscri\u00e7\u00f5es de Eshmun provenientes de S\u00eddon documentam em detalhe a hierarquia sacerdotal: <em>kohen<\/em> (sacerdote), <em>moqim \u02beelim<\/em> (&#8216;Despertador do deus&#8217;), servos <em>\u02bfbd<\/em> e servas <em>\u02bemh<\/em>. Esta hierarquia \u00e9 compar\u00e1vel \u00e0 do culto de Melqart.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e apotropaico<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun era o prot\u00f3tipo do deus fen\u00edcio da cura. Os que procuravam a cura vinham de todo o Mediterr\u00e2neo oriental para encontrar a sa\u00fade no seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span>. A pr\u00e1tica da incuba\u00e7\u00e3o era central: os <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma pessoa que empreende uma viagem de motiva\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa a um lugar sagrado.\" tabindex=\"0\">peregrinos<\/span> dormiam no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span>, frequentemente sobre peles especiais, e recebiam no sonho instru\u00e7\u00f5es sanadoras.<\/p><p>De manh\u00e3, o sonho era interpretado por sacerdotes; a cura efetuava-se frequentemente pelo pr\u00f3prio ato de sonhar, por banhos rituais ou por rem\u00e9dios vegetais prescritos.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apotropaico: diz-se de sinais e objetos destinados a afastar influ\u00eancias nocivas.\" tabindex=\"0\">De forma apotropaica<\/span>, estatuetas de Eshmun eram colocadas nas habita\u00e7\u00f5es; as c\u00e9lebres &#8216;figuras de crian\u00e7a sid\u00f3nias&#8217; do templo de Eshmun<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span> (cole\u00e7\u00e3o no Beirut National Museum) representam rapazes ou meninas, provavelmente oferendas votivas pela cura de crian\u00e7as doentes. As inscri\u00e7\u00f5es nessas estatuetas confirmam a sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o como d\u00e1divas de agradecimento ou de s\u00faplica.<\/p><p>Em nomes pessoais fen\u00edcios o te\u00f3nimo de Eshmun \u00e9 muito frequente: Eshmunazar &#8216;Eshmun ajuda&#8217;, Eshmunpalat &#8216;Eshmun salva&#8217;, Bod-Eshmun &#8216;pela m\u00e3o de Eshmun&#8217;. A frequ\u00eancia de nomes teof\u00f3ricos revela a intensa piedade privada. O iWell Guard regista Eshmun como figura hist\u00f3rico-religiosa, sem refer\u00eancias a promessas de cura atuais; a pr\u00e1tica do culto de cura \u00e9 um fen\u00f4meno hist\u00f3rico que \u00e9 reconstitu\u00eddo cientificamente, n\u00e3o adotado praticamente.<\/p><p>Nos rituais de cura eram ainda prescritos rem\u00e9dios vegetais; os sacerdotes fen\u00edcios possu\u00edam conhecimentos farmacol\u00f3gicos transmitidos sob a forma de textos terap\u00eauticos. Fragmentos de tais textos s\u00e3o reconhec\u00edveis nas inscri\u00e7\u00f5es do templo de Eshmun<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A mais importante paralela hist\u00f3rica \u00e9 o grego Ascl\u00e9pio; a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 documentada literariamente desde o s\u00e9culo V a.C. Ascl\u00e9pio \u00e9 filho de Apolo, curador de arte consumada, com cajado e serpente como atributos. As correspond\u00eancias entre ambos s\u00e3o t\u00e3o densas que uma influ\u00eancia rec\u00edproca \u00e9 prov\u00e1vel. Stephanie Budin, Corinne Bonnet e Mary Bachvarova estudaram esses v\u00ednculos.<\/p><p>No \u00e2mbito mesopot\u00e2mico, Eshmun corresponde parcialmente ao deus da cura Damu e ao deus Ninazu; no material hitita n\u00e3o existe um deus paralelo direto, embora haja rituais de cura ligados \u00e0 tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hurrita de Kamru\u0161epa. A <a href=\"\/pt-br\/mitologia-hitita\/\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hitita<\/a> possu\u00eda a sua pr\u00f3pria cultura de cura atrav\u00e9s das &#8216;Velhas Mulheres&#8217; (<em>\u1e2aAR.\u1e2aAR<\/em>), sem um deus da cura espec\u00edfico no sentido em que Eshmun o \u00e9.<\/p><p>Com Ad\u00f3nis, Eshmun partilha o mitologema do her\u00f3i com morte e revivifica\u00e7\u00e3o por uma deusa. Ambos pertencem \u00e0 tradi\u00e7\u00e3o sem\u00edtica ocidental do her\u00f3i da vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o, que inclui igualmente <a href=\"\/pt-br\/melqart\/\">Melqart<\/a>. Do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es, esta fam\u00edlia de her\u00f3is \u00e9 um importante fen\u00f4meno hist\u00f3rico da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca pr\u00e9-hist\u00f3rica posterior \u00e0 Idade do Bronze, marcada pela utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do ferro.\" tabindex=\"0\">Idade do Ferro<\/span>.<\/p><p> fen\u00edcia.<a href=\"\/pt-br\/mitologia-hitita\/\">Tamb\u00e9m as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es da <\/a>cultura de cura hitita<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto dos atos religiosos de venera\u00e7\u00e3o dirigidos a uma divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">, sobretudo os rituais da &#8216;Velha Mulher&#8217; e as pr\u00e1ticas de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o, apresentam correspond\u00eancias funcionais com o culto de Eshmun<\/span><em>. Volkert Haas documentou os rituais de cura anat\u00f3lios antigos em <\/em>Materia <span lang=\"la\">Magica<\/span> et Medica Hethitica<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recep\u00e7\u00e3o e investiga\u00e7\u00e3o atuais<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c9poca pr\u00e9-hist\u00f3rica posterior \u00e0 Idade do Bronze, marcada pela utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do ferro.<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\" (2003); uma liga\u00e7\u00e3o direta do ponto de vista da hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es n\u00e3o \u00e9 demonstr\u00e1vel, mas as paralelas estruturais s\u00e3o elucidativas.\" tabindex=\"0\">A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre Eshmun encontra-se hoje a um n\u00edvel elevado. As escava\u00e7\u00f5es do templo realizadas por Maurice Dunand nos anos 1960 s\u00e3o refer\u00eancia cl\u00e1ssica padr\u00e3o; Patty Gerstenblith e H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader deram continuidade \u00e0 investiga\u00e7\u00e3o arqueol\u00f3gica. Os estudos de Corinne Bonnet sobre o <\/span>sincretismo<\/p><p> com Ascl\u00e9pio s\u00e3o importantes do ponto de vista da compara\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa.<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fus\u00e3o de conceitos ou divindades provenientes de diferentes tradi\u00e7\u00f5es religiosas.\" tabindex=\"0\">Na recep\u00e7\u00e3o popular, Eshmun \u00e9 conhecido pelo seu templo junto a S\u00eddon; o <\/span>templo<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\"> \u00e9 hoje s\u00edtio arqueol\u00f3gico e atra\u00e7\u00e3o tur\u00edstica. O sarc\u00f3fago de Eshmunazar no Louvre \u00e9 uma das mais c\u00e9lebres antiguidades fen\u00edcias em geral.<\/span><\/p><p>Do ponto de vista cient\u00edfico, Eshmun \u00e9 hoje considerado um objeto de estudo central para a religi\u00e3o fen\u00edcia da cura, para a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o mediterr\u00e2nica de Ascl\u00e9pio e para a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> do her\u00f3i mortal-divino. Os atuais focos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o incidem na edi\u00e7\u00e3o de novas inscri\u00e7\u00f5es de Eshmun, na an\u00e1lise das oferendas votivas do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A disciplina cient\u00edfica que estuda Deus e a f\u00e9 de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> e na quest\u00e3o da rela\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica exata com Ascl\u00e9pio.<\/p><p>Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es atuais de H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader e Mark Smith sobre a religi\u00e3o fen\u00edcia inserem Eshmun num contexto hist\u00f3rico-religioso mais amplo: como representante da gera\u00e7\u00e3o mais jovem de deuses que, na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">Idade do Ferro<\/span>, diferenciam as fun\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas que na Idade do Bronze Tardio ainda se concentravam numa \u00fanica entidade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura e fontes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A selec\u00e7\u00e3o seguinte re\u00fane as principais obras de refer\u00eancia sobre a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o acerca de Eshmun. Inclui publica\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o templo, edi\u00e7\u00f5es de inscri\u00e7\u00f5es e s\u00ednteses hist\u00f3ricas. A publica\u00e7\u00e3o do templo por Dunand \u00e9 a refer\u00eancia cl\u00e1ssica; Bonnet e Sader oferecem a contextualiza\u00e7\u00e3o fen\u00edcia e hist\u00f3rico-religiosa; Aubet a difus\u00e3o mediterr\u00e2nica; Krahmalkov o material hist\u00f3rico-lingu\u00edstico.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29b4c80e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp29b4c80e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20285701 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp20285701\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O santu\u00e1rio de Eschmun em Bustan esch-Scheich, perto de S\u00eddon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d64a737 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d64a737\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cff5052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2cff5052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O principal testemunho arqueol\u00f3gico relativo a <em>Eschmun<\/em> situa-se a cerca de tr\u00eas quil\u00f3metros a nordeste de S\u00eddon, no atual L\u00edbano, num lugar denominado Bustan esch-Scheich. A\u00ed foi escavado um extenso <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um lugar sagrado consagrado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">santu\u00e1rio<\/span> desde 1900, inicialmente por arque\u00f3logos otomanos e alem\u00e3es, posteriormente por arque\u00f3logos libaneses e franceses.<\/p><p>O n\u00facleo monumental \u00e9 uma grande terra\u00e7a-p\u00f3dio de silhares cuidadosamente aparelhados, erguida provavelmente sob o rei sid\u00f3nio Bodashtart nos finais do s\u00e9culo VI a.C.<\/p><p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um lugar sagrado consagrado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">santu\u00e1rio<\/span> \u00e9 not\u00e1vel porque oferece uma rara liga\u00e7\u00e3o direta entre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser venerado como divino no \u00e2mbito de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span>, realeza e inscri\u00e7\u00e3o de constru\u00e7\u00e3o. V\u00e1rias inscri\u00e7\u00f5es de constru\u00e7\u00e3o nomeiam Bodashtart como fundador e Eschmun como o deus a quem ele consagra o conjunto.<\/p><p>Assim, Eschmun n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas um nome de listas de deuses, mas uma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser venerado como divino no \u00e2mbito de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> associada a uma grande constru\u00e7\u00e3o dat\u00e1vel, promovida pela monarquia. A \u00e1gua desempenhava um papel central: canais, tanques e capta\u00e7\u00f5es de nascente percorrem o conjunto, o que se coaduna com a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o terap\u00eautica do deus.<\/p><p>Entre os achados mais c\u00e9lebres conta-se o &#8216;Trono de Astarte&#8217;, um trono divino vazio que remete para a estreita liga\u00e7\u00e3o de Eschmun com a deusa tutelar sid\u00f3nia, bem como uma s\u00e9rie de est\u00e1tuas de crian\u00e7as interpretadas como oferendas votivas, possivelmente no contexto de curas ou de prote\u00e7\u00e3o. Os resultados das escava\u00e7\u00f5es foram publicados, entre outros, por Maurice Dunand e posteriormente por Rolf Stucky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b8a42e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b8a42e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c75b921 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c75b921\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eschmun e Ascl\u00e9pio: uma equipara\u00e7\u00e3o antiga e os seus limites<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp265ed336 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp265ed336\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp222bef1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp222bef1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>J\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca da cultura grega e romana, aproximadamente entre 800 a.C. e 600 d.C.\" tabindex=\"0\">autores antigos<\/span> identificaram <em>Eschmun<\/em> com o deus grego da cura <em>Ascl\u00e9pio<\/em>. Esta <em>interpretatio graeca<\/em> est\u00e1 bem atestada, nomeadamente no autor transmitido como F\u00edlon de Biblos, que refere tradi\u00e7\u00f5es fen\u00edcias em l\u00edngua grega, e explica por que raz\u00e3o Eschmun surgiu frequentemente na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o mais antiga simplesmente como &#8216;Ascl\u00e9pio fen\u00edcio&#8217;.<\/p><p>Esta identifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 \u00fatil e simultaneamente perigosa. \u00datil, porque confirma o lado terap\u00eautico de Eschmun: a \u00e1gua do santu\u00e1rio, as consagra\u00e7\u00f5es de crian\u00e7as e os relatos antigos sobre curas ajustam-se a um deus a quem se recorria em caso de doen\u00e7a.<\/p><p>Perigosa, porque induz a projetar sobre Eschmun todo o quadro grego de Ascl\u00e9pio, incluindo a iconografia da serpente e a pr\u00e1tica da incuba\u00e7\u00e3o, para as quais nem sempre existem testemunhos diretos no registro fen\u00edcio.<\/p><p>Uma quest\u00e3o de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica \u00e9 a origem do nome. Uma proposta difundida, mas n\u00e3o confirmada, associa-o \u00e0 palavra sem\u00edtica para &#8216;\u00f3leo&#8217; ou &#8216;\u00f3leo de un\u00e7\u00e3o&#8217; e, desse modo, \u00e0 un\u00e7\u00e3o como meio terap\u00eautico; outras interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es veem nele uma refer\u00eancia num\u00e9rica (&#8216;o Oitavo&#8217;). Nenhuma destas etimologias \u00e9 geralmente aceite. Mais segura do que a etimologia \u00e9 a observa\u00e7\u00e3o de que Eschmun ascendeu a divindade principal em S\u00eddon e aparece em inscri\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fanicas, nomeadamente relacionadas com Cartago, ao lado de <a href=\"\/pt-br\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>. O deus n\u00e3o era, pois, um caso local isolado, mas um culto<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto dos atos religiosos de venera\u00e7\u00e3o dirigidos a uma divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (sele\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li> difundido por todo o territ\u00f3rio de expans\u00e3o fen\u00edcio.<em>Maurice Dunand: <\/em>Le temple d&#8217;Echmoun \u00e0 Sidon<\/li><li> (Paris 1965)<em>Sabatino Moscati: <\/em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/li><li> (Stuttgart 1966)<em>Corinne Bonnet: <\/em>Les enfants de Cadmos<\/li><li> (Paris 2015)<em>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader: <\/em>The History and Archaeology of Phoenicia<\/li><li> (Atlanta 2019)<em>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <\/em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/li><li> (Cambridge 2001)<em>Charles Krahmalkov: <\/em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Um edif\u00edcio destinado \u00e0 venera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ou v\u00e1rias divindades.<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\" (Leiden 2001)\" tabindex=\"0\">Termos-chave relacionados: Eshmun S\u00eddon deus da cura fen\u00edcios Ascl\u00e9pio templo Bostan esh-Sheikh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-eshmun\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard e as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard retoma a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural de objetos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1teis, na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o <a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-fenicios\/\">fen\u00edcia<\/a> e de muitas outras culturas de todo o mundo. 41 n\u00edveis, ouro genu\u00edno, platina, prata, fabricado na Alemanha. Direito de devolu\u00e7\u00e3o em 30 dias.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mais sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">As experi\u00eancias pessoais podem variar. N\u00e3o \u00e9 um produto m\u00e9dico. N\u00e3o inclui promessas de cura.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">O iWell Guard <strong>n\u00e3o \u00e9 um produto m\u00e9dico<\/strong> e n\u00e3o substitui qualquer tratamento m\u00e9dico ou psicoterap\u00eautico. Os conte\u00fados de ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es constituem uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico-cultural, n\u00e3o uma recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o de pr\u00e1tica espiritual.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eshmun, deus fen\u00edcio da cura e deus tutelar de S\u00eddon Eshmun (fen\u00edcio \u02be\u0161mn) \u00e9 o principal deus tutelar da cidade de S\u00eddon e um dos mais importantes deuses da cura do mundo fen\u00edcio. Foi identificado com o grego Ascl\u00e9pio e situa-se no centro de um significativo culto de cura, com o c\u00e9lebre templo de EshmunTempel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2849,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Eshmun S\u00eddon deus da cura fen\u00edcios","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Eshmun: Deus da cura de S\u00eddon, mito, culto","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Eshmun \u00e9 o deus fen\u00edcio da cura e principal deus tutelar de S\u00eddon. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00e2mbito das ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es, com mito e culto.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-37864","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Eshmun: Deus da cura de S\u00eddon, mito, culto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Eshmun \u00e9 o deus fen\u00edcio da cura e principal deus tutelar de S\u00eddon. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00e2mbito das ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es, com mito e culto.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eshmun: deus da cura de S\u00eddon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Eshmun \u00e9 o deus fen\u00edcio da cura e principal deus tutelar de S\u00eddon. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00e2mbito das ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es, com mito e culto.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-26T21:53:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"15 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/\",\"name\":\"Eshmun: Deus da cura de S\u00eddon, mito, culto\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-26T21:52:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-26T21:53:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"Eshmun \u00e9 o deus fen\u00edcio da cura e principal deus tutelar de S\u00eddon. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00e2mbito das ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es, com mito e culto.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/eshmun\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/home-2\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Eshmun: deus da cura de S\u00eddon\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pt-br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Eshmun: Deus da cura de S\u00eddon, mito, culto","description":"Eshmun \u00e9 o deus fen\u00edcio da cura e principal deus tutelar de S\u00eddon. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00e2mbito das ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es, com mito e culto.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Eshmun: deus da cura de S\u00eddon","og_description":"Eshmun \u00e9 o deus fen\u00edcio da cura e principal deus tutelar de S\u00eddon. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00e2mbito das ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es, com mito e culto.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-07-26T21:53:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. tempo de leitura":"15 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/","name":"Eshmun: Deus da cura de S\u00eddon, mito, culto","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp","datePublished":"2026-07-26T21:52:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-26T21:53:18+00:00","description":"Eshmun \u00e9 o deus fen\u00edcio da cura e principal deus tutelar de S\u00eddon. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00e2mbito das ci\u00eancias das religi\u00f5es, com mito e culto.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/eshmun\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/home-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Eshmun: deus da cura de S\u00eddon"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37864"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37864\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37866,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37864\/revisions\/37866"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}