{"id":37434,"date":"2026-07-26T20:13:35","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T20:13:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gwishin-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-26T20:13:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T20:13:54","slug":"gwishin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-br\/gwishin\/","title":{"rendered":"Gwishin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"37434\" class=\"elementor elementor-37434 elementor-1331\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin \u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana.<\/p><p>Esp\u00edritos dos mortos da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana, regresso por causa de assunto inacabado.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esp\u00edrito: Entidade incorp\u00f3rea ou semi-corp\u00f3rea, falecidos, seres da natureza, esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos ou guardi\u00f5es de limiares. Atua na vida cotidiana, frequentemente ligado a lugares ou fam\u00edlias.\">esp\u00edrito<\/span><a href=\"\/pt-br\/deuses-coreanos\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mundo das divindades, xam\u00e3s e esp\u00edritos populares coreanos.\">Korea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Nenhum t\\u00edtulo foi encontrado nesta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fechar Tabela de Conte\u00fados\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1705\" alt=\"Gwishin - Geister aus der Korea-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin (\uadc0\uc2e0, \u9b3c\u795e) \u00e9 o termo coletivo coreano para os esp\u00edritos dos mortos. Literalmente significa &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser venerado como divino dentro de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span>&#8220;, embora no uso contempor\u00e2neo sejam os esp\u00edritos dos mortos que ocupam o primeiro plano.<\/p><p>Gwishin s\u00e3o pessoas cujas almas n\u00e3o encontraram o caminho regular para o al\u00e9m ap\u00f3s a morte, seja por causa de um assunto inacabado, de uma injusti\u00e7a n\u00e3o reparada, de uma sepultura em falta ou de ritos ancestrais omitidos (<em>jesa<\/em>).<\/p><p>A apari\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00e1ssica \u00e9 a de uma mulher em traje de luto branco (<em>sobok<\/em>) com longos cabelos negros a cobrir o rosto. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> \u00e9 iconograficamente pr\u00f3ximo do Y\u016brei japon\u00eas, mas possui um fundo pr\u00f3prio de matriz confuciana.<\/p><div><h3>Tradi\u00e7\u00e3o da era <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimento e narrativas ao longo de gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">Joseon<\/span><\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>A documenta\u00e7\u00e3o escrita de casos de Gwishin acumulou-se durante a dinastia Joseon (1392-1897). As cole\u00e7\u00f5es de <em>yadam<\/em> (tradi\u00e7\u00f5es orais) e de <em>paesol<\/em> (anedotas) foram sistematicamente registradas a partir do s\u00e9culo XV. Estes textos relatam Gwishin percebidos por testemunhas.<\/span><\/p><p>Distinguem-se dos relatos europeus de fantasmas por n\u00e3o apresentarem o Gwishin como uma for\u00e7a maligna aut\u00f3noma, mas como uma pessoa desesperada que exige aten\u00e7\u00e3o. A confucianiza\u00e7\u00e3o da sociedade a partir do s\u00e9culo XVI refor\u00e7ou o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span>: um morto sem ritos ancestrais adequados estaria moralmente perdido e n\u00e3o poderia descansar em paz.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Em resumo: Gwishin<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> esp\u00edrito dos mortos<br>Origem: Mortos humanos com assunto inacabado<br>Textos: Samguk Yusa, cole\u00e7\u00f5es de yadam da era Joseon, textos rituais xam\u00e2nicos<br>Desencadeante: injusti\u00e7a n\u00e3o reparada, ritos ancestrais omitidos, morte violenta<br>Defesa: jesa, gut xam\u00e2nico, cerim\u00f3nias budistas f\u00fanebres<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A ideia de esp\u00edritos dos mortos inquietos est\u00e1 presente na Coreia desde as mais antigas fontes escritas. No Samguk Yusa (cerca de 1281) encontram-se epis\u00f3dios de mortos que regressam. Com a consolida\u00e7\u00e3o do confucionismo na era Joseon (1392-1910), o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> do falecido agitado por ritos ancestrais omitidos passa para primeiro plano.<\/p><p>As cole\u00e7\u00f5es de <em>yadam<\/em> e de <em>paesol<\/em> da era Joseon cont\u00eam in\u00fameras hist\u00f3rias de Gwishin, que foram transpostas para forma escrita nos s\u00e9culos XIX e XX.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difus\u00e3o<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As narrativas de Gwishin est\u00e3o difundidas por todas as regi\u00f5es da Coreia. As tradi\u00e7\u00f5es narrativas s\u00e3o particularmente densas em antigos locais de tribunal, escolas antigas e academias confucianas (<em>seowon<\/em>), postos militares e sepulturas de v\u00edtimas de epidemias. A literatura contempor\u00e2nea e os K-Dramas recorrem frequentemente a hospitais, escolas e esta\u00e7\u00f5es de metro como cen\u00e1rios.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fontes importantes: Iry\u014fn, Samguk Yusa (cerca de 1281); cole\u00e7\u00f5es de yadam da era Joseon; textos rituais xam\u00e2nicos registrados nos s\u00e9culos XIX e XX.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Obras de refer\u00eancia modernas: Kim Tae-gon (1981), Kendall (1985, 2009 &#8220;Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF&#8221;), Walraven (1994). Para cinema e literatura: numerosos estudos sobre o g\u00eanero &#8220;K-Horror&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Designa\u00e7\u00e3o e grafias<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Literalmente &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser venerado como divino dentro de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span>&#8221; de \u9b3c (&#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>, alma dos mortos&#8221;) e \u795e (&#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser venerado como divino dentro de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>&#8220;).<\/p><ul><li><strong>Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/strong> (\ucc98\ub140\uadc0\uc2e0), esp\u00edrito de donzela; mulher que morreu solteira.<\/li><li>Mongdal-gwishin (\ubabd\ub2ec\uadc0\uc2e0), contraparte masculina; homem que morreu solteiro.<\/li><li>Son-gaksi, nas narrativas populares, aparentado com Cheonyeo.<\/li><li>Mul-gwishin, esp\u00edritos das \u00e1guas; na maioria dos casos, afogados.<\/li><li>Dalgyal-gwishin, &#8220;esp\u00edrito-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">ovo<\/span>&#8220;; esp\u00edrito sem rosto, uma variante local.<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>, uma variante local.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edsticas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apar\u00eancia.<\/strong> A representa\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00e1ssica: jovem mulher em quimono f\u00fanebre branco (<em>sobok<\/em>), longos cabelos negros \u00e0 frente do rosto, pele p\u00e1lida, m\u00e3os a cair fl\u00e1cidas. Algumas variantes n\u00e3o t\u00eam boca ou n\u00e3o t\u00eam olhos.<\/p><p>Comportamento. Os Gwishin aparecem nos locais da sua morte ou do seu assunto por resolver. Raramente falam; lamentam-se, mostram aos presentes o seu pedido em sonhos ou gestos mudos. Atuam por perturba\u00e7\u00f5es da percep\u00e7\u00e3o, pesadelos e quadros de doen\u00e7a.<\/p><p>Tempo. Preferencialmente de noite, em especial entre a meia-noite e as tr\u00eas horas; em dias de chuva e na s\u00e9tima noite lunar (<em>chilseok<\/em>).<\/p><div><h3>Han como camada psicol\u00f3gica e cultural profunda<\/h3><p>A literatura moderna e o cinema t\u00eam lido o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> do Gwishin frequentemente de forma psicol\u00f3gica. A apari\u00e7\u00e3o fantasmag\u00f3rica pode ser entendida como manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o do <em>Han<\/em>, o sentimento coreano de tristeza reprimida e acumulada. O Gwishin n\u00e3o encarna apenas o falecido individual, mas o sofrimento reunido de uma fam\u00edlia ou de um per\u00edodo hist\u00f3rico.<\/p><p>Neste sentido, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> do Gwishin \u00e9 um espelho da injusti\u00e7a social: quando algu\u00e9m \u00e9 sepultado sem respeito pelas obriga\u00e7\u00f5es confucianas, isso pode surgir a um p\u00fablico moderno tamb\u00e9m como cr\u00edtica \u00e0s defici\u00eancias sociais. Os filmes de K-Horror desenvolveram este aspecto e transformam as hist\u00f3rias de Gwishin em met\u00e1foras de traumas n\u00e3o resolvidos e de falhas institucionais.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil: Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspectos mais importantes do Gwishin de forma sint\u00e9tica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A origem do Gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Falecidos humanos com assunto inacabado ou ritos ancestrais omitidos; mais raramente como consequ\u00eancia de morte violenta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Destinat\u00e1rios<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Familiares sobreviventes, herdeiros, respons\u00e1veis pela morte; testemunhas ocasionais do lugar; frequente em escolas e hospitais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figura de vestes brancas, cabelos longos e pele p\u00e1lida; muitas vezes com o rosto coberto e os bra\u00e7os a cair fl\u00e1cidos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A a\u00e7\u00e3o do Gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doen\u00e7a, terror, pesadelos, loucura, acidentes; em casos graves, morte dos respons\u00e1veis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ritos jesa realizados corretamente; <em>gut<\/em> xam\u00e2nico conduzido por uma <em>mudang<\/em>; cerim\u00f3nias budistas f\u00fanebres; esclarecimento do assunto por resolver.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos do Gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japoneses <strong>Y\u016brei<\/strong> e <em>onry\u014d<\/em>; chineses <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (ver Gui); Mulheres Brancas da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o europeia; indianos <em>preta<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jesa.<\/strong> Os ritos ancestrais de matriz confuciana realizam-se anualmente no anivers\u00e1rio da morte e nas grandes festividades de Seollal e Chuseok. Uma disposi\u00e7\u00e3o precisa de alimentos, ta\u00e7as e a\u00e7\u00f5es rituais visa apaziguar a alma e record\u00e1-la do seu lugar no c\u00edrculo dos antepassados.<\/p><p>Ssitgim-gut. O &#8220;ritual de purifica\u00e7\u00e3o&#8221; xam\u00e2nico na regi\u00e3o de Jeolla e em Jindo liberta as amarras dos falecidos; a mudang convoca o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>, fala, purifica e conduz.<\/p><p>Rituais budistas f\u00fanebres. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma sequ\u00eancia regulada de a\u00e7\u00f5es simb\u00f3licas com significado religioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> (<em>sasiban<\/em>) de 49 dias ap\u00f3s a morte com recita\u00e7\u00e3o de sutras; cerim\u00f3nias maiores (<em>cheondo-jae<\/em>) para almas particularmente inquietas.<\/p><p>Bujok. Amuletos de papel consagrados com caracteres vermelhos, colocados no umbral da porta ou no interior da casa para afastar os Gwishin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, paralelos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jap\u00e3o.<\/strong> Y\u016brei e <em>onry\u014d<\/em> partilham a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Estudo dos conte\u00fados das imagens e do seu significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span> cl\u00e1ssica da mulher morta, branca e de cabelos longos; a figura japonesa \u00e9 de matriz mais budista, a coreana de matriz mais confuciana.<\/p><p>China. O <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (ver Gui) constitui o campo lexical sinogr\u00e1fico comum; o contexto do Festival dos Fantasmas chin\u00eas partilha motivos.<\/p><p>Europa. As Mulheres Brancas da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o german\u00f3fona e eslava s\u00e3o funcionalmente aparentadas; n\u00e3o existe liga\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica.<\/p><p>Budismo. Os esp\u00edritos famintos preta partilham o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> dos mortos inquietos e por resolver.<\/p><div><h3>Recep\u00e7\u00e3o moderna e adapta\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h3><p>A figura do Gwishin est\u00e1 omnipresente na cultura coreana contempor\u00e2nea. S\u00e9ries como <em>Tale of the Nine-Tailed<\/em>, <em>Alchemy of Souls<\/em> e filmes como <em>A Tale of Two Sisters<\/em> utilizam o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span>. Os criadores modificam frequentemente a forma cl\u00e1ssica: os Gwishin tornam-se mais poderosos, mais inteligentes e vingam-se de forma mais direcionada do que nas antigas tradi\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p><p>Isto reflete-se tamb\u00e9m em adapta\u00e7\u00f5es liter\u00e1rias, como na prosa de Han Kang ou Kim Ae-ran. O Gwishin tradicional \u00e9 uma figura silenciosa e sofredora; o Gwishin moderno \u00e9 um agente que conta a sua pr\u00f3pria hist\u00f3ria. Esta desloca\u00e7\u00e3o do ser passivo para o ser ativo revela uma reinterpreta\u00e7\u00e3o do conceito de Han como emo\u00e7\u00e3o poderosa e n\u00e3o apenas tr\u00e1gica.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d7e612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7d7e612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp026e302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp026e302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Posi\u00e7\u00e3o na vis\u00e3o coreana do al\u00e9m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c80f6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c80f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd89af0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbd89af0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>O termo <em>gwishin<\/em> (\uadc0\uc2e0) n\u00e3o designa em coreano uma \u00fanica natureza de ser, mas uma categoria inteira: esp\u00edritos de falecidos que n\u00e3o completaram a transi\u00e7\u00e3o ordenada para o al\u00e9m. A concep\u00e7\u00e3o coreana tradicional da morte \u00e9 fortemente marcada pelo confucionismo, que foi a ideologia oficial do Estado desde a era Joseon (1392-1897).<\/span><\/p><p>Segundo esta concep\u00e7\u00e3o, um falecido torna-se, atrav\u00e9s de ritos de luto e ritos ancestrais corretamente executados, um <em>josang<\/em>, um antepassado benevolente que protege os descendentes. Se esses ritos forem omitidos, ou se a morte tiver sido violenta, prematura ou sem sepultura, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> permanece como <em>gwishin<\/em> no mundo dos vivos.<\/p><p>Esta l\u00f3gica liga o ser espiritual diretamente \u00e0 ordem social. Um <em>gwishin<\/em> \u00e9 menos um ser demon\u00edaco do que um sintoma de uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o perturbada entre vivos e mortos.<\/p><p>Particularmente afetados s\u00e3o os que morreram sem descendentes, pois sem herdeiros masculinos faltava no sistema confuciano o destinat\u00e1rio ritual. A tradi\u00e7\u00e3o xam\u00e2nica do <em>musok<\/em> oferecia aqui um complemento: as <em>mudang<\/em>, na maioria das vezes xam\u00e3s femininas, podiam em rituais como o <em>ssitgim-gut<\/em> purificar e apaziguar um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> em repouso.<\/p><p>A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em estudos religiosos, como os trabalhos de Laurel Kendall sobre o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistema religioso em que especialistas comunicam com o mundo dos esp\u00edritos.\" tabindex=\"0\">xamanismo<\/span> coreano, sublinha que o conceito de <em>gwishin<\/em> medeia entre sistemas. Ele conecta o dever confuciano para com os antepassados, as concep\u00e7\u00f5es budistas do ciclo de reencarna\u00e7\u00e3o e a pr\u00e1tica xam\u00e2nica.<\/p><p>Um <em>gwishin<\/em> \u00e9 assim culturalmente sobredeterminado: cada uma das tr\u00eas tradi\u00e7\u00f5es fornece uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3pria para o motivo pelo qual um morto n\u00e3o encontra repouso, e cada uma oferece um caminho de resolu\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3prio. Esta pluralidade de camadas explica por que o ser permanece t\u00e3o presente na literatura e na narrativa popular coreana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8b36413 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8b36413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a80006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4a80006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O gwishin na cultura popular moderna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpce3e698 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpce3e698\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3df2f7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3df2f7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Desde os anos 1990 que o <em>gwishin<\/em> \u00e9 uma figura central do g\u00eanero de terror coreano. O filme <em>Yeogo goedam<\/em> (Whispering Corridors, 1998) e as suas sequelas transportaram o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> inquieto para a escola de meninas e associaram-no a temas como press\u00e3o escolar, bullying e viol\u00eancia institucional.<\/span><\/p><p>O tipo visual caracter\u00edstico, uma jovem em traje f\u00fanebre branco com longos cabelos negros a cobrir o rosto, tem desde ent\u00e3o marcado a linguagem visual do g\u00eanero e sobrep\u00f5e-se ao <em>y\u016brei<\/em> japon\u00eas, sem com ele se identificar.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A televis\u00e3o aprofundou a figura nos anos 2000 e 2010. S\u00e9ries como <em>Master&#8217;s Sun<\/em> (2013) ou <em>Hotel del Luna<\/em> (2019) mostram os <em>gwishin<\/em> n\u00e3o apenas como figuras aterrorizantes, mas como seres com assuntos por resolver, aos quais os vivos podem ou devem prestar aux\u00edlio.<\/span><\/p><p>Com isso, o padr\u00e3o narrativo regressa \u00e0 l\u00f3gica tradicional: o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> \u00e9 libertado quando a sua injusti\u00e7a \u00e9 reconhecida e reparada. O motivo de terror e o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> melodram\u00e1tico da vida inacabada encontram-se aqui muito pr\u00f3ximos.<\/p><p>\u00c9 de assinalar que a cultura popular torna frequentemente vis\u00edvel a estrutura profunda confuciana sem a nomear. A narrativa de <em>gwishin<\/em> trata quase sempre de uma ordem violada: um homic\u00eddio ocultado, uma gravidez negada, uma heran\u00e7a desviada. O entretenimento moderno utiliza assim o antigo ser como ve\u00edculo de cr\u00edtica social.<\/p><p>Ao contr\u00e1rio dos filmes de terror ocidentais, em que o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> permanece frequentemente uma mera amea\u00e7a, o <em>gwishin<\/em> coreano exige na maioria das vezes uma resposta moral. Isso aproxima-o do objetivo tradicional do ritual xam\u00e2nico, que n\u00e3o visa a destrui\u00e7\u00e3o, mas a reconcilia\u00e7\u00e3o do esp\u00edrito.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7595c4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7595c4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf354b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf354b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Han como n\u00facleo emocional<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33b2cae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp33b2cae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa63ff4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa63ff4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Intimamente ligado ao <em>gwishin<\/em> est\u00e1 o conceito de dif\u00edcil tradu\u00e7\u00e3o <em>han<\/em> (\ud55c). Designa um complexo acumulado de ressentimento, tristeza, amargura e desejo n\u00e3o cumprido, que se vai sedimentando ao longo de uma vida ou de gera\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p><p>Na cren\u00e7a popular, \u00e9 precisamente este <em>han<\/em> que ret\u00e9m um morto no mundo e o transforma em <em>gwishin<\/em>. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> s\u00f3 pode prosseguir o seu caminho quando o <em>han<\/em> se dissolver, ou seja, quando a injusti\u00e7a subjacente for reconhecida e, tanto quanto poss\u00edvel, reparada.<\/p><p>A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o debate o <em>han<\/em> de forma controversa. Alguns te\u00f3ricos culturais coreanos do s\u00e9culo XX declararam-no um tra\u00e7o nacional de car\u00e1ter, nascido da hist\u00f3ria de invas\u00f5es, domina\u00e7\u00e3o colonial e divis\u00e3o do pa\u00eds.<\/p><p>Outros, como o estudioso de literatura Michael Shin, alertam contra a essencializa\u00e7\u00e3o do <em>han<\/em> como caracter\u00edstica coreana intemporal, e chamam a aten\u00e7\u00e3o para o fato de a valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o do conceito ser em si uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o relativamente recente, em parte mediada pelo per\u00edodo colonial.<\/p><p>Para a compreens\u00e3o do <em>gwishin<\/em>, este debate \u00e9 menos decisivo do que a observa\u00e7\u00e3o de que a narrativa popular define o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> de forma consistente pelo seu sentimento e pela injusti\u00e7a sofrida, e n\u00e3o por uma natureza maligna.<\/p><p>Daqui resulta uma assimetria caracter\u00edstica. O <em>gwishin<\/em> \u00e9 perigoso, mas o seu dano nunca \u00e9 gratuito. Procura aten\u00e7\u00e3o, justi\u00e7a ou a conclus\u00e3o de uma vida interrompida.<\/p><p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma sequ\u00eancia regulada de a\u00e7\u00f5es simb\u00f3licas com significado religioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> xam\u00e2nico do <em>gut<\/em> interv\u00e9m precisamente aqui: a <em>mudang<\/em> d\u00e1 voz ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui influ\u00eancia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>, deixa-o exprimir o seu sofrimento e conduz-no ent\u00e3o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertencente a uma sequ\u00eancia de a\u00e7\u00f5es rituais regulamentada.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualmente<\/span> para fora do mundo dos vivos. Quem trabalha com a cren\u00e7a coreana nos esp\u00edritos deve, por isso, n\u00e3o ler o <em>gwishin<\/em> primariamente como uma amea\u00e7a, mas como uma exig\u00eancia personificada de repara\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Links complementares<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Links internos recomendados:<\/p><ul><li>P\u00e1gina cultural <strong>Korea<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Outros perfis individuais da Coreia: <a href=\"\/pt-br\/dokkaebi\/\">Dokkaebi<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/gumiho\/\">Gumiho<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/cheonyeo-gwishin\/\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pt-br\/jeoseung-saja\/\">Jeoseung Saja<\/a>.<\/li><li>Paralelos: Y\u016brei (Jap\u00e3o), <a href=\"\/pt-br\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a> (China), <a href=\"\/pt-br\/preta\/\">Preta<\/a> (Budismo).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fontes e bibliografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Uma sele\u00e7\u00e3o compacta de obras fundamentais sobre Gwishin:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel: <em>Shamans, Housewives, and Other Restless Spirits: Women in Korean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma sequ\u00eancia regulada de a\u00e7\u00f5es simb\u00f3licas com significado religioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Life.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel: <em>Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF: South Korean Popular Religion in Motion.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Iry\u014fn: <em>Samguk Yusa.<\/em> \u00dcbers. Ha Tae-Hung, Grafton K. Mintz. Yonsei University Press, Seoul 1972.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Outras obras de refer\u00eancia no <a href=\"\/pt-br\/literatura\/\">\u00edndice bibliogr\u00e1fico<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gwishin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">A pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o aqui descrita constitui uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, do ponto de vista das Ci\u00eancias da Religi\u00e3o, de tradi\u00e7\u00f5es hist\u00f3ricas. O iWell Guard retoma essa linha hist\u00f3rico-cultural de objetos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1teis e representa uma forma contempor\u00e2nea dela, em uma arquitetura de materiais fabricada na Alemanha: 41 n\u00edveis de ouro genu\u00edno, platina e prata. <a href=\"\/pt-br\/sobre-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Saiba mais sobre o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gwishin, esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana Gwishin \u00e9 esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana. Esp\u00edritos dos mortos da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana, regresso por causa de assunto inacabado. esp\u00edritoKorea \u00cdndice Gwishin Gwishin (\uadc0\uc2e0, \u9b3c\u795e) \u00e9 o termo coletivo coreano para os esp\u00edritos dos mortos. Literalmente significa &#8220;esp\u00edrito e divindade&#8221;, embora no uso contempor\u00e2neo sejam os esp\u00edritos dos mortos que ocupam [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1705,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"gwishin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gwishin: Esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gwishin, esp\u00edritos dos mortos da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana. Regresso por causa de assunto inacabado: classes, ritos e o seu papel na cultura moderna","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"korea","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-37434","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gwishin: Esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gwishin, esp\u00edritos dos mortos da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o coreana. 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