{"id":8416,"date":"2026-04-21T13:17:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/mamo\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T12:03:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T12:03:10","slug":"mamo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/mamo\/","title":{"rendered":"Mamo"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8416\" class=\"elementor elementor-8416 elementor-1339\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mamo, duch tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mamo to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie w \u015bwiecie.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej.<\/p>\n<p>\u017be\u0144skie, mroczne duchy macierzy\u0144skie tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej, mi\u0119dzy ochron\u0105 a zaraz\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Mamo to istoty Dakini tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej i uosabiaj\u0105 nieokie\u0142znan\u0105 si\u0142\u0119 natury. Ich si\u0142a bywa postrzegana zar\u00f3wno jako zagro\u017cenie, jak i \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o ochronnej mocy w tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Bezcielesna lub p\u00f3\u0142cielesna istota, zmarli, istoty natury, duchy domowe lub stra\u017cnicy prog\u00f3w. Dzia\u0142a w \u017cyciu codziennym, cz\u0119sto zwi\u0105zany z miejscami lub rodzinami.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/tybet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycja tybeta\u0144sko-buddyjska i b\u00f6n, jidam, dharmapala, \u015bwiat nag\u00f3w.\">Tybet<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_mamo-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8417\" alt=\"Mamo, duchy z tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej, uj\u0119cie historyczno-ilustracyjne\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_mamo-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_mamo-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_mamo-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_mamo.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mamo (ma mo)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mamo (tyb. <em>ma mo<\/em>, \u201eMatki\u201d) to szczeg\u00f3lna, szeroko reprezentowana w tybeta\u0144skim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 b\u00f3stw danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonie<\/span> klasa istot \u017ce\u0144skich. Sytuuj\u0105 si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy duchami opieku\u0144czymi, matkami ziemi a gro\u017anymi demonicami. Jako ambiwalentne duchy macierzy\u0144skie mog\u0105 przynosi\u0107 dobrobyt, zdrowie i deszcz albo, w razie naruszenia porz\u0105dku, rozp\u0119tywa\u0107 zarazy, wojny, kl\u0119ski \u017cywio\u0142owe i niepokoje spo\u0142eczne.<\/p>\n<p>Mamo s\u0105 \u015bci\u015ble powi\u0105zane z ide\u0105 zaburzonej r\u00f3wnowagi mi\u0119dzy cz\u0142owiekiem a natur\u0105. Tradycja tybeta\u0144ska cz\u0119sto interpretuje pandemie, za\u0142amania klimatyczne i katastrofy polityczne jako wyraz <em>ma mo\u2019i gtor chen<\/em>, \u201ewielkiego czasu wyrzutu Mamo\u201d, w kt\u00f3rym duchy macierzy\u0144skie zwracaj\u0105 si\u0119 przeciw zniekszta\u0142conemu \u015bwiatu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Szybki przegl\u0105d: Mamo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Kategoria \u017ce\u0144skich demonic \/ duch\u00f3w macierzy\u0144skich<br \/>Pochodzenie: Przedbuddyjskie wyobra\u017cenia matki ziemi; indyjsko-buddyjskie tradycje <em>dakini<\/em> i <em>matrika<\/em><br \/>Teksty: cykle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Legendarny indyjski tantryk (VIII w.); przekaza\u0142 buddyzm do Tybetu.\">Padmasambhawy<\/span>, Kangjur\/Tengjur, podr\u0119czniki rytualne b\u00f3stw opieku\u0144czych<br \/>Oddzia\u0142ywanie: zarazy, nieurodzaj, wojny, zaburzenia psychiczne; pozytywnie: p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107 i dobrobyt<br \/>Ochrona: torma Ma-mo, ofiary z dymu, praktyka rytualna dharmapal\u00f3w<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777529073 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777529073\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777529073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777529073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>Rozr\u00f3\u017cnienie wobec Gyalpo:<\/strong> W odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gyalpo\/\">Gyalpo<\/a>, m\u0119skich demon\u00f3w kr\u00f3lewskich, Mamo s\u0105 \u017ce\u0144skimi, mrocznymi duchami macierzy\u0144skimi, nie upad\u0142ymi mnichami, lecz wcieleniami dzikiej, nieokie\u0142znanej \u017ce\u0144skiej natury w tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umiejscowienie historyczne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres powstania tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradycja Mamo ma dwa g\u0142\u00f3wne korzenie: z jednej strony przedbuddyjskie tybeta\u0144sko-\u015brodkowoazjatyckie wyobra\u017cenia o b\u00f3stwach matki ziemi i w\u0142adczyniach dziczy, z drugiej indyjsko-buddyjskie dziedzictwo <em>matrik<\/em> (b\u00f3stw macierzy\u0144skich) i <em>dakini<\/em> (w\u0119drowniczek po niebie). W tybeta\u0144skiej asymilacji tych nurt\u00f3w powstaje pole Mamo z jego ambiwalentnie mrocznymi rysami.<\/p>\n<p>Wyrazista jest opowie\u015b\u0107, \u017ce Padmasambhawa przy wprowadzaniu buddyzmu na wy\u017cyny tybeta\u0144skie zwi\u0105za\u0142 liczne Mamo i w\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 je do kr\u0119gu duch\u00f3w opieku\u0144czych. W pismach szko\u0142y gelug z p\u00f3\u017aniejszych stuleci klasa Mamo jest systematycznie opisana.<\/p>\n<h3>Umiejscowienie mitologiczne<\/h3>\n<p><em>Mamo<\/em> to \u017ce\u0144skie duchy lub boginie w buddyzmie tybeta\u0144skim i w przedbuddyjskiej wierze <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Przedbuddyjska tradycja religijna Tybetu; pos\u0142uguje si\u0119 klasyfikacj\u0105 istot nieludzkich na tsen, nyen, lu i d\u00fc.\">b\u00f6n<\/span>. Pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 jako grupa zbiorowa, a nie jako pojedyncza istota; istniej\u0105 b\u00f3stwa Mamo b\u0119d\u0105ce g\u00f3rskimi duchami opieku\u0144czymi oraz inne, dzia\u0142aj\u0105ce jako demony zniszczenia. Ich genealogia si\u0119ga przedbuddyjskiej religijno\u015bci tybeta\u0144skiej.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obszar wyst\u0119powania<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mamo s\u0105 czczone i budz\u0105 l\u0119k w ca\u0142ym tybeta\u0144sko-buddyjskim kr\u0119gu kulturowym. Poszczeg\u00f3lne, lokalnie zwi\u0105zane Mamo s\u0105 przypisane do okre\u015blonych g\u00f3r, prze\u0142\u0119czy i klasztor\u00f3w (np. Palden Lhamo nad jeziorem Lhamo Latso na po\u0142udnie od Lhasy). Posta\u0107 Palden Lhamo (skt. Shri Devi) to najwybitniejsza zinstytucjonalizowana Mamo, b\u00f3stwo opieku\u0144cze Dalajlamy i szko\u0142y gelug.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a podstawowe: cykle Padmasambhawy i teksty terma szko\u0142y niyingma; Kangjur\/Tengjur z literatur\u0105 dakini i matrika; podr\u0119czniki rytualne dotycz\u0105ce Palden Lhamo. Dzie\u0142a standardowe: Nebesky-Wojkowitz (1956); Willis, Janice D. (1987) \u201eDakini: Some Comments on Its Nature and Meaning\u201d; Simmer-Brown, Judith (2001) Dakini\u2019s Warm Breath.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i warianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tybeta\u0144skie <em>ma mo<\/em>, dos\u0142owne t\u0142umaczenie \u201eMatki\u201d, oznacza tu klas\u0119, a nie biologiczne macierzy\u0144stwo.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00fc mo<\/strong>, \u201eMatki Mary\u201d, szczeg\u00f3lnie mroczna podgrupa.<\/li>\n<li>Gya mo, nazwa zbiorcza dla r\u00f3\u017cnych podklas Mamo.<\/li>\n<li>Palden Lhamo (dpal ldan lha mo), \u201eChwalebna Bogini\u201d; najwybitniejsza zinstytucjonalizowana Mamo, skt. Shri Devi.<\/li>\n<li>Ekajati, jednoz\u0119bna, jednooka, jednopiersiowa Mamo; stra\u017cniczka tajemnych nauk terma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wygl\u0105d.<\/strong> Mamo przedstawiane s\u0105 jako ciemnosk\u00f3re lub niebiesko-czarne postacie \u017ce\u0144skie, najcz\u0119\u015bciej nagie lub w sk\u00f3rze tygrysa, ze spl\u0105tanymi w\u0142osami, ozdobami ze szkielet\u00f3w, naszyjnikami z czaszek i dzikimi rysami. Palden Lhamo dosiada mu\u0142a z siod\u0142em pokrytym ludzk\u0105 sk\u00f3r\u0105, Ekajati jest jednooka, z jednym z\u0119bem i jedn\u0105 piersi\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Zachowanie. Mamo reaguj\u0105 gwa\u0142townie na zaburzenia moralne i ekologiczne: z\u0142amanie um\u00f3w, lekcewa\u017cenie miejsc \u015bwi\u0119tych, wielkie nier\u00f3wnowagi. Mog\u0105 w\u00f3wczas wywo\u0142ywa\u0107 epidemie, wojny, kl\u0119ski g\u0142odu i choroby psychiczne. W stanie zwi\u0105zanym s\u0105 pot\u0119\u017cnymi opiekunkami <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"W hinduizmie obowi\u0105zek i porz\u0105dek kosmiczny; w buddyzmie nauka Buddy.\">Dharmy<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Poj\u0119cie czasu. \u201eCzasy Ma-mo\u201d to epoki zbiorowych kryzys\u00f3w; w takim czasie odprawia si\u0119 wielkie rytua\u0142y torma Ma-mo oraz cz\u00f6pa.<\/p>\n<h3>Wygl\u0105d i symbolika<\/h3>\n<p><em>Mamo<\/em> przedstawiane s\u0105 jako \u017ce\u0144skie duchy z czerwono-z\u0142otym ogniem lub jako ciemnoniebiesko-czarne furie. Nosz\u0105 bro\u0144 i symbole w\u0142adzy. Cz\u0119sto ukazywane s\u0105 w grupach po trzy lub pi\u0119\u0107, ka\u017cda we w\u0142asnym kolorze i z w\u0142asnym atrybutem. Symbolika zmienia si\u0119 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od tego, czy rozumie si\u0119 je jako duchy opieku\u0144cze, czy duchy przeszk\u00f3d.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Mamo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Mamo w jednym spojrzeniu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst kulturowy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Przedbuddyjskie b\u00f3stwa matki ziemi, indyjsko-buddyjskie tradycje <em>matrika<\/em> i <em>dakini<\/em>; usystematyzowane przez Padmasambhaw\u0119.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odnosi si\u0119 do<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wsp\u00f3lnoty w czasach zbiorowych kryzys\u00f3w; ci, kt\u00f3rzy naruszaj\u0105 miejsca \u015bwi\u0119te; chorzy i osoby niestabilne psychicznie; w sensie pozytywnym: tantrycy i klasztory pod ich opiek\u0105.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wygl\u0105d Mamo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ciemnosk\u00f3ra lub niebiesko-czarna posta\u0107 kobieca ze spl\u0105tanymi w\u0142osami, ozdobami ze szkielet\u00f3w i sk\u00f3r\u0105 tygrysa; cz\u0119sto z broni\u0105 (miecz, czasza z czaszki, tr\u00f3jz\u0105b).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obszar oddzia\u0142ywania<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zarazy, nieurodzaj, wojny, niestabilno\u015b\u0107 psychiczna, koszmary senne; pozytywnie: p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107, deszcz, zdecydowana ochrona.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrony<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar dla b\u00f3stwa, wyra\u017caj\u0105cy wdzi\u0119czno\u015b\u0107, pro\u015bb\u0119 lub cze\u015b\u0107.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ofiara<\/span> torma Ma-mo, ofiara z dymu sang, praktyka rytualna b\u00f3stw opieku\u0144czych (Palden Lhamo, Ekajati), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uporz\u0105dkowany ci\u0105g symbolicznych czynno\u015bci o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytua\u0142<\/span> cz\u00f6d, wizualizacja tantryczna.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoty pokrewne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Funkcjonalnie pokrewne hinduistycznym matrikom i aspektom Kali, oba typy wyst\u0119puj\u0105 jako zbiorowe gniewne matki. W szerszej tradycji buddyzmu mahajany <em>dakini<\/em> stoj\u0105, podobnie jak Empuza, na progu mi\u0119dzy funkcj\u0105 budz\u0105c\u0105 groz\u0119 a wyzwalaj\u0105c\u0105. Tybeta\u0144skie odpowiedniki: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/palden-lhamo\/\">Palden Lhamo<\/a> jako gniewna bogini opieku\u0144cza, Ekajati jako gniewna stra\u017cniczka tantr, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yamaraja\/\">Yamaraja<\/a> jako s\u0119dzia \u015bmierci.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrona w \u017cyciu codziennym<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ceremonie torma Ma-mo.<\/strong> W czasach zbiorowego kryzysu lub jako cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 regularnej praktyki klasztornej odprawia si\u0119 wielkie uroczysto\u015bci torma, podczas kt\u00f3rych jednocze\u015bnie ob\u0142askawia si\u0119 liczne Mamo.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uporz\u0105dkowany ci\u0105g symbolicznych czynno\u015bci o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">Rytua\u0142<\/span> Palden Lhamo. Wielkie b\u00f3stwo opieku\u0144cze czczone jest codziennie w wielu klasztorach, zw\u0142aszcza w szkole gelug; nad jeziorem Lhamo Latso, \u201ejeziorem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w obr\u0119bie danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwa<\/span>\u201d, od stuleci poszukuje si\u0119 wizji.<\/p>\n<p>Praktyka cz\u00f6pa. Tantryczny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uporz\u0105dkowany ci\u0105g symbolicznych czynno\u015bci o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytua\u0142<\/span> cz\u00f6d, w kt\u00f3rym praktykuj\u0105cy ofiarowuje swoje cia\u0142o g\u0142odnym istotom, jest szczeg\u00f3lnie skuteczny w obchodzeniu si\u0119 z si\u0142ami Mamo.<\/p>\n<p>Ekologia i moralno\u015b\u0107. Tradycyjnie ochron\u0119 przed gniewem Mamo osi\u0105ga si\u0119 tak\u017ce przez zachowanie miejsc \u015bwi\u0119tych, szacunek wobec nauczycielek i dotrzymywanie zbiorowych um\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 religijnych czynno\u015bci kultu dla b\u00f3stwa lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> i cze\u015b\u0107<\/h3>\n<p><em>Mamo<\/em> s\u0105 w Tybecie ob\u0142askawiane, by u\u015bmierzy\u0107 ich niszczycielsk\u0105 si\u0142\u0119. Rytua\u0142y skierowane do Mamo s\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 praktyk ochronnych w klasztorach. S\u0105 przyzywane dla ochrony przed kl\u0119skami \u017cywio\u0142owymi oraz dla odpierania energii \u017ce\u0144skich demon\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mamo, paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Indie\/hinduizm.<\/strong> <em>Matrika<\/em> (b\u00f3stwa macierzy\u0144skie) i <em>Kali<\/em> to najbli\u017csze odpowiedniki; wsp\u00f3lna jest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o tre\u015bciach obraz\u00f3w i ich znaczeniu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> z ozdobami ze szkielet\u00f3w i ciemnym kolorem sk\u00f3ry.<\/p>\n<p>Buddyzm. Postacie <em>dakini<\/em> stoj\u0105 ikonograficznie blisko Mamo; w recepcji zachodniej poj\u0119cia te s\u0105 cz\u0119sto mylone, dakini oznaczaj\u0105 pos\u0142anniczki nieba, a Mamo mroczniejsz\u0105 klas\u0119 matek ziemi.<\/p>\n<p>Europa. Baba Jaga i pokrewne s\u0142owia\u0144skie matki le\u015bne, grecka <em>mormo<\/em>: powracaj\u0105cy na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> ambiwalentnych Wielkich Matek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6f829c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa6f829c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1e9e62d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1e9e62d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mamo w panteonie tybeta\u0144sko-buddyjskim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9717e61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9717e61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6793fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6793fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Mamo<\/em>, tybeta\u0144sko cz\u0119sto zapisywane jako <em>ma mo<\/em>, tworz\u0105 odr\u0119bn\u0105 klas\u0119 istot \u017ce\u0144skich w obr\u0119bie z\u0142o\u017conego \u015bwiata duch\u00f3w buddyzmu tybeta\u0144skiego. Uchodz\u0105 za gniewne moce zwi\u0105zane z chorob\u0105, wojn\u0105 i nieszcz\u0119\u015bciem.<\/p>\n<p>W klasyfikacjach tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej cz\u0119sto przypisuje si\u0119 je do b\u00f3stw opieku\u0144czych, jednak ich pozycja jest dwoista: w zale\u017cno\u015bci od kontekstu pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 jako nieokie\u0142znane, gro\u017ane moce albo jako zwi\u0105zane z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"W religiach indyjskich nauka i w\u0142a\u015bciwy porz\u0105dek dzia\u0142ania.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharm\u0105<\/span> opiekunki nauki.<\/p>\n<p>Ta podw\u00f3jna natura nie jest sprzeczno\u015bci\u0105, lecz odpowiada podstawowej logice religii tybeta\u0144skiej. Wiele najwa\u017cniejszych b\u00f3stw opieku\u0144czych uchodzi za pierwotnie dzikie, przedbuddyjskie lub demoniczne istoty, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y ujarzmione przez wielkiego mistrza, w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci przez pokolenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekazie<\/span> cz\u0119sto Padmasambhaw\u0119, i zwi\u0105zane przysi\u0119g\u0105 z buddyzmem.<\/p>\n<p>Mamo nale\u017c\u0105 do tej grupy mocy zwi\u0105zanych, lecz z natury gro\u017anych. Ich ujarzmienie nigdy nie jest ostatecznie zapewnione, musi by\u0107 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nale\u017c\u0105cy do ustalonego religijnego przebiegu dzia\u0142ania.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytualnie<\/span> wci\u0105\u017c na nowo odnawiane.<\/p>\n<p>Badania nad religi\u0105 tybeta\u0144sk\u0105, jak podstawowe prace Ren\u00e9 de Nebesky-Wojkowitza o b\u00f3stwach opieku\u0144czych Tybetu, ukaza\u0142y Mamo jako przyk\u0142ad warstwowo\u015bci panteonu tybeta\u0144skiego.<\/p>\n<p>\u0141\u0105cz\u0105 si\u0119 w nich elementy przedbuddyjskiej religii rodzimej, wp\u0142ywy indyjskiego tantryzmu oraz porz\u0105dkuj\u0105ca systematyka rozwini\u0119tego buddyzmu tybeta\u0144skiego. Mamo nie daj\u0105 si\u0119 wi\u0119c sprowadzi\u0107 do jednego \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a. S\u0105 wytworem d\u0142ugiego, charakterystycznego dla Tybetu, religijno-historycznego stopienia.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp47e7baa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp47e7baa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf0966a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf0966a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mamo, choroba i brak r\u00f3wnowagi \u015bwiata<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6942b21 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6942b21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6bc54c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6bc54c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W wyobra\u017ceniu tybeta\u0144skim Mamo s\u0105 \u015bci\u015ble powi\u0105zane z epidemiami, zarazami i rozk\u0142adem spo\u0142ecznym. Uchodz\u0105 za moce, kt\u00f3re rozprzestrzeniaj\u0105 choroby zaka\u017ane i kt\u00f3re wzmacniaj\u0105 si\u0119 w czasach upadku moralnego.<\/p>\n<p>To powi\u0105zanie nie jest przypadkowe: religia tybeta\u0144ska cz\u0119sto t\u0142umaczy zbiorowe nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie jako skutek zaburzonego porz\u0105dku, braku r\u00f3wnowagi mi\u0119dzy lud\u017ami a niewidzialnymi mocami ich otoczenia.<\/p>\n<p>Mamo opisywane s\u0105 w tym kontek\u015bcie jako szczeg\u00f3lnie wra\u017cliwe na nieczysto\u015b\u0107 i z\u0142amanie um\u00f3w. Gdy \u0142amane s\u0105 przysi\u0119gi, gdy zaniedbuje si\u0119 zobowi\u0105zania rytualne, gdy \u015bwiat odwraca si\u0119 od nauki, Mamo, jak si\u0119 m\u00f3wi, wpadaj\u0105 w gniew i zsy\u0142aj\u0105 chorob\u0119 oraz wojn\u0119.<\/p>\n<p>Ich dzia\u0142anie jest zatem miar\u0105 stanu porz\u0105dku moralnego i rytualnego. S\u0105 mniej samowolnymi dr\u0119czycielkami ni\u017c swego rodzaju instancj\u0105 wykonawcz\u0105, kt\u00f3ra reaguje na zak\u0142\u00f3cenia.<\/p>\n<p>Ta wyk\u0142adnia mia\u0142a praktyczne nast\u0119pstwa dla praktyki rytualnej. W czasach zaraz lub wojny klasztory odprawia\u0142y szczeg\u00f3lne ceremonie skierowane do Mamo, kt\u00f3re mia\u0142y u\u015bmierzy\u0107 ich gniew. Takie rytua\u0142y obejmowa\u0142y dary ofiarne, wyznania przewinie\u0144 oraz rytualne odnowienie wi\u0119zi Mamo z nauk\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Badania religioznawcze widz\u0105 w tym pogl\u0105dowy przyk\u0142ad tego, jak religia tybeta\u0144ska wpisywa\u0142a zbiorowe kryzysy w kosmologiczne ramy interpretacyjne i odpowiada\u0142a na nie rytualn\u0105 prac\u0105 naprawcz\u0105. Mamo by\u0142y przy tym nie tylko przyczyn\u0105 nieszcz\u0119\u015bcia, lecz tak\u017ce jego adresatk\u0105: do nich kierowa\u0142 si\u0119 rytualny wysi\u0142ek, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 przywr\u00f3ci\u0107 r\u00f3wnowag\u0119.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odsy\u0142acze<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zalecane linki wewn\u0119trzne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Strona kultury <strong>Tybet<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Dalsze profile poszczeg\u00f3lnych istot Tybetu: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/lu\/\">Lu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/tsen\/\">Tsen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/nyen\/\">Nyen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gyalpo\/\">Gyalpo<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Szczeg\u00f3\u0142y o Mamo wkr\u00f3tce<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura naukowa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Zwi\u0119z\u0142y wyb\u00f3r najwa\u017cniejszych prac o Mamo:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Simmer-Brown, Judith: <em>Dakini\u2019s Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism.<\/em> Shambhala, Boston 2001.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Willis, Janice D.: <em>Dakini: Some Comments on Its Nature and Meaning.<\/em> In: Feminine Ground: Essays on Women and Tibet, Ithaca 1987.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer><p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dalsze dzie\u0142a standardowe w <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/literatura\/\">spisie literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-mamo-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-mamo-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-mamo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-mamo-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-mamo-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Opisana tu praktyka ochronna stanowi naukowe umiejscowienie tradycji historycznych. iWell Guard nawi\u0105zuje do tej kulturowo-historycznej linii noszonych przedmiot\u00f3w ochronnych i stanowi jej wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 form\u0119. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/o-iwell-guard-szczegoly-dotyczace-wisiorka-ochronnego\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Wi\u0119cej o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mamo, duch tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej Mamo to duch tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej. \u017be\u0144skie, mroczne duchy macierzy\u0144skie tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej, mi\u0119dzy ochron\u0105 a zaraz\u0105. Mamo to istoty Dakini tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej i uosabiaj\u0105 nieokie\u0142znan\u0105 si\u0142\u0119 natury. DuchTybet Spis tre\u015bci Mamo (ma mo) Mamo (tyb. ma mo, \u201eMatki\u201d) to szczeg\u00f3lna, szeroko reprezentowana w tybeta\u0144skim panteonie klasa istot \u017ce\u0144skich. Sytuuj\u0105 si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy duchami [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8417,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mamo Dakini","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mamo, istota Dakini i si\u0142a natury","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mamo, \u017ce\u0144skie i mroczne duchy macierzy\u0144skie tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej: istoty bliskie Dakini mi\u0119dzy ochron\u0105 a zaraz\u0105.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[162,157,183],"class_list":["post-8416","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duchy","category-kultury","category-tybet"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mamo, 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