{"id":8405,"date":"2026-04-21T13:17:29","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/lu\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T13:49:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:49:15","slug":"lu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/lu\/","title":{"rendered":"Lu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8405\" class=\"elementor elementor-8405 elementor-1335\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lu, duch wierze\u0144 o nagach<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lu to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota bezcielesna, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie w \u015bwiecie.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> wierze\u0144 o nagach.<\/p>\n<p>Duchy wody i ziemi tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej, stra\u017cnicy \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142, jezior i gleby.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: istota bezcielesna lub p\u00f3\u0142cielesna, zmarli, istoty natury, duchy domowe lub stra\u017cnicy prog\u00f3w. Dzia\u0142a w \u017cyciu codziennym, cz\u0119sto zwi\u0105zana z miejscami lub rodzinami.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/tybet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycja tybeta\u0144sko-buddyjska i b\u00f6n, jidamy, dharmap\u0101lowie, \u015bwiat nag\u00f3w.\">Tybet<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/duchy-wody\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duchy rzek, jezior i m\u00f3rz, uwodzicielskie, opieku\u0144cze lub niebezpieczne.\">Duch wody<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_lu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8406\" alt=\"Lu, duchy z tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej, uj\u0119cie historyczno-ilustracyjne\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_lu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_lu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_lu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_tibet_lu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lu (klu)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lu (tyb. <em>klu<\/em>) stanowi\u0105 w tybeta\u0144skim obrazie \u015bwiata jedn\u0105 z najwa\u017cniejszych klas istot duchowych. S\u0105 to duchy wody i ziemi, stra\u017cnicy \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142, jezior, rzek, mokrade\u0142 i okre\u015blonych gleb.<\/p>\n<p>W swojej ambiwalencji stoj\u0105 mi\u0119dzy zagro\u017ceniem a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Udzielenie pomy\u015blno\u015bci i ochrony, cz\u0119sto w ustalonej formie j\u0119zykowej.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwem<\/span>: kto szanuje Lu, zyskuje dobrobyt, zdrowie i p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107; kto zak\u0142\u00f3ca ich przestrzenie poprzez zanieczyszczenie, niew\u0142a\u015bciwe kopanie czy wycinanie \u015bwi\u0119tych drzew, sprowadza na siebie chorob\u0119 i nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie.<\/p>\n<p>Lu s\u0105 ikonograficznie i pod wzgl\u0119dem historii religii blisko spokrewnione z indyjskimi <em>n\u0101ga<\/em>. W trakcie buddyjskiego ujarzmienia przez Padmasambhaw\u0119 wiele Lu sta\u0142o si\u0119 dharmap\u0101lami (duchami opieku\u0144czymi); inne pozosta\u0142y czynne jako lokalne, cz\u0119\u015bciowo niebezpieczne moce.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Adaptacja z indyjskiej tradycji nag\u00f3w<\/h3>\n<p><em>Lu<\/em> Tybetu wywodz\u0105 si\u0119 bezpo\u015brednio z indyjskiej tradycji nag\u00f3w, zosta\u0142y jednak osadzone w specyficznym kontek\u015bcie. Podczas gdy indyjski naga to w\u0105\u017c-kr\u00f3l o magicznych mocach, mieszkaj\u0105cy w podziemnych \u015bwi\u0105tyniach, Lu Tybetu jest raczej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona w obr\u0119bie religii jako boska.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwem<\/span> wodnym lub kr\u00f3lem w\u00f3d o bardziej p\u0142ynnej naturze.<\/p>\n<p>Ta transformacja pokazuje, jak poj\u0119cia religijne ulegaj\u0105 przekszta\u0142ceniu pod wp\u0142ywem klimatu i geografii: indyjski naga, zadomowiony w tropikalnej, obfituj\u0105cej w deszcze kulturze, staje si\u0119 Lu, kt\u00f3re \u017cyje w lodowatych rzekach tybeta\u0144skiego wy\u017cyny.<\/p>\n<p>Zachowane cechy to zamieszkiwanie w\u00f3d, kontrola nad bogactwem oraz sk\u0142onno\u015b\u0107 do gniewu w razie naruszenia. Nowe cechy to skojarzenia z zimnem, tworzenie mg\u0142y oraz silniejsze ukierunkowanie na p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107 \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 skalnych.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil skr\u00f3cony: Lu<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> duchy wody i ziemi<br \/>Pochodzenie: przedbuddyjski b\u00f6n; indyjska tradycja n\u0101ga<br \/>Teksty: cykle Padmasambhawy, Kangyur\/Tengyur, lokalne podr\u0119czniki obrz\u0119dowe<br \/>Oddzia\u0142ywanie: choroby sk\u00f3ry, tr\u0105d, obrz\u0119ki, zaburzenia wodne w razie naruszenia<br \/>Obrona: torma Lu, dary ofiarne (mleko, szafran, mi\u00f3d), unikanie miejsc Lu w niew\u0142a\u015bciwym czasie<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klasyfikacja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Czas powstania tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lu nale\u017c\u0105 do najstarszych warstw tybeta\u0144skiej religijno\u015bci. Przedbuddyjskie teksty b\u00f6n opisuj\u0105 je jako jedn\u0105 z trzech g\u0142\u00f3wnych kategorii istot (obok lha i btsan).<\/p>\n<p>Wraz z wprowadzeniem buddyzmu w VII w. tybeta\u0144skie wyobra\u017cenie Lu zlewa si\u0119 z indyjsk\u0105 tradycj\u0105 n\u0101ga: n\u0101ga staj\u0105 si\u0119 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 buddyjskiego panteonu (jak Muchilinda, kt\u00f3ry chroni medytuj\u0105cego Budd\u0119 przed deszczem), a tybeta\u0144skie Lu przejmuj\u0105 cechy ikonograficzne nag\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Padmasambhawie (VIII w.) przekazy przypisuj\u0105 ujarzmienie licznych Lu. Niekt\u00f3re Lu zosta\u0142y podniesione do rangi duch\u00f3w opieku\u0144czych okre\u015blonych klasztor\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obszar wyst\u0119powania<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lu s\u0105 obecne w ca\u0142ym tybeta\u0144skim kr\u0119gu kulturowym, zw\u0142aszcza przy jeziorach, rzekach i \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142ach. Wyr\u00f3\u017cniaj\u0105 si\u0119 Lu jeziora Manasarowar, jeziora Namtso, Yamdrok oraz licznych mniejszych jezior g\u00f3rskich. Ka\u017cdy region, ka\u017cda wie\u015b zna w\u0142asne miejsca Lu.<\/p>\n<p>Typowe miejsca: \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a i studnie, jeziora, brzegi rzek, wilgotne \u0142\u0105ki, okre\u015blone drzewa (cz\u0119sto ja\u0142owiec), korzenie wielkich ska\u0142, otwory w ziemi.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a podstawowe: cykle Padmasambhawy; Kangyur\/Tengyur z sutrami o n\u0101ga i tekstami pokrewnymi; lokalne podr\u0119czniki obrz\u0119dowe poszczeg\u00f3lnych klasztor\u00f3w; kompendia b\u00f6n. Nowoczesne dzie\u0142a standardowe: de Nebesky-Wojkowitz (1956); Samuel (1993); Karmay, Samten G. (1998) The Arrow and the Spindle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Badania terenowe XX i XXI wieku udokumentowa\u0142y liczne szczeg\u00f3\u0142y obrz\u0119dowe, m.in. w Ladakhu, Bhutanie, Sikkimie oraz na obszarze Amdo.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i warianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tybeta\u0144skie <em>klu<\/em>, w r\u00f3\u017cnych dialektach wymawiane jako Lu lub L\u00fc. Odpowiada indyjskiemu sanskryckiemu poj\u0119ciu <em>n\u0101ga<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Klu rgyal<\/strong>, \u201ekr\u00f3l Lu\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Klu mo, \u017ce\u0144skie Lu.<\/li>\n<li>Klu gnyan, szczeg\u00f3lnie pot\u0119\u017cne lub niebezpieczne Lu.<\/li>\n<li>Sa bdag dang klu, grupa duch\u00f3w ziemi i wody razem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wygl\u0105d.<\/strong> Na wizerunkach przedstawiane jak indyjskie n\u0101ga: ludzki tu\u0142\u00f3w z d\u0142ugim, ukoronowanym cia\u0142em w\u0119\u017ca; w barwie bia\u0142ej, niebieskiej, zielonej lub czerwonej, zale\u017cnie od klasy. \u201eDziewi\u0119ciu kr\u00f3l\u00f3w Lu\u201d (klu rgyal dgu) tworzy grup\u0119 ikonograficzn\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Zachowanie. Lu s\u0105 wra\u017cliwe na ska\u017cenie: zanieczyszczone wody, bezmy\u015blne wycinanie, palenie na terytorium Lu, prace budowlane bez wcze\u015bniejszych obrz\u0119d\u00f3w, a nawet pranie odzie\u017cy w \u015bwi\u0119tych jeziorach mo\u017ce wywo\u0142a\u0107 kary Lu.<\/p>\n<p>Choroby. Typowe choroby Lu to dolegliwo\u015bci sk\u00f3rne, tr\u0105d, obrz\u0119ki, problemy z nerkami, przewlek\u0142e choroby sk\u00f3ry u dzieci, okre\u015blone formy zm\u0105cenia umys\u0142u.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Choroby Lu i leczenie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uporz\u0105dkowana sekwencja czynno\u015bci symbolicznych o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">obrz\u0119dowe<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kontakt z Lu prowadzi do specyficznej kategorii chor\u00f3b, kojarzonych dzi\u015b cz\u0119sto z zaka\u017ceniami lub zaburzeniami uk\u0142adu nerwowego. W tradycyjnym rozumieniu choroba Lu jest nast\u0119pstwem naruszenia wody: nieczyste obrz\u0119dy w rzekach, ska\u017cenie wody pitnej, zanieczyszczenie rzek lub czynno\u015bci seksualne w miejscach wodnych.<\/p>\n<p>Objawy s\u0105 cz\u0119sto zwi\u0105zane z wilgoci\u0105: obrz\u0119k, biegunka, odkrztuszanie \u015bluzu, dna moczanowa. Obrz\u0119dy \u0142agodzenia Lu obejmuj\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar dla b\u00f3stwa wyra\u017caj\u0105cy wdzi\u0119czno\u015b\u0107, pro\u015bb\u0119 lub cze\u015b\u0107.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiary<\/span> wodne (<em>chu-mchod<\/em>), wrzucanie dar\u00f3w ofiarnych do wody, formu\u0142y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Udzielenie pomy\u015blno\u015bci i ochrony, cz\u0119sto w ustalonej formie j\u0119zykowej.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwa<\/span>, a niekiedy d\u0142u\u017csze odosobnienia medytacyjne przy \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142ach lub \u015bwi\u0119tych jeziorach. Cz\u0119sto niezb\u0119dny jest wyspecjalizowany lama lub lokalny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Specjalista religijny, kt\u00f3remu przypisuje si\u0119 po\u015brednictwo mi\u0119dzy lud\u017ami a \u015bwiatem duch\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">szaman<\/span> ze znajomo\u015bci\u0105 Lu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Lu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Lu w skr\u00f3cie.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pochodzenie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Przedbuddyjska warstwa b\u00f6n, blisko spokrewniona z indyjskimi n\u0101ga; cz\u0119\u015bciowo w\u0142\u0105czona w buddyzm za spraw\u0105 Padmasambhawy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adresaci Lu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rolnicy, kopacze studni, rybacy, pasterze, wszyscy, kt\u00f3rzy uprawiaj\u0105 ziemi\u0119 lub korzystaj\u0105 z w\u00f3d; dzieci bawi\u0105ce si\u0119 nieostro\u017cnie przy \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142ach.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wygl\u0105d Lu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ludzki tu\u0142\u00f3w z cia\u0142em w\u0119\u017ca, wiele barw zale\u017cnie od klasy; w kontakcie cz\u0119sto niewidzialne, ukazuj\u0105 si\u0119 w postaci w\u0119\u017ca lub podczas obrz\u0119d\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obszar oddzia\u0142ywania<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dolegliwo\u015bci sk\u00f3rne, tr\u0105d, obrz\u0119ki, choroby nerek, utrata studni, nieurodzaj, zarazy byd\u0142a; pozytywnie: deszcz we w\u0142a\u015bciwym czasie, p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107, dobrobyt.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrona<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar dla b\u00f3stwa wyra\u017caj\u0105cy wdzi\u0119czno\u015b\u0107, pro\u015bb\u0119 lub cze\u015b\u0107.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ofiara<\/span> torma Lu z m\u0105ki, mleka, miodu i szafranu; recytacja Klu-\u2018bum; zado\u015b\u0107uczynienie poprzez obrz\u0119dy oczyszczaj\u0105ce i sadzenie drzew; unikanie czynno\u015bci naruszaj\u0105cych w miejscach Lu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoty pokrewne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indyjskie <em>n\u0101ga<\/em>; chi\u0144skie smoki (<em>l\u00f3ng<\/em>); japo\u0144skie <em>ry\u016b<\/em>; korea\u0144skie motywy <em>Mul-gwishin<\/em> zwi\u0105zane z topielcami.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obrona praktyczna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Torma Lu.<\/strong> Centralny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uporz\u0105dkowana sekwencja czynno\u015bci symbolicznych o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">obrz\u0119d<\/span> pojednania z Lu: ma\u0142e figurki z pra\u017conej m\u0105ki j\u0119czmiennej (<em>tsampa<\/em>), zmieszanej z mlekiem, miodem i szafranem, sk\u0142ada si\u0119 w misach przy \u015bwi\u0119tych wodach lub \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142ach.<\/p>\n<p>Klu-\u2018bum. \u201eSto tysi\u0119cy wezwa\u0144 Lu\u201d to tybeta\u0144sko-buddyjski zbi\u00f3r tekst\u00f3w obrz\u0119dowych, recytowany dla z\u0142agodzenia duch\u00f3w wody i ziemi.<\/p>\n<p>Obrz\u0119dy oczyszczaj\u0105ce przy pracach budowlanych. Przed ka\u017cd\u0105 budow\u0105 domu, studni, wykopem drogi czy \u015bcink\u0105 drzew grunt zostaje pob\u0142ogos\u0142awiony przez lam\u0119; dary ofiarne dla Sa-Dag i Lu maj\u0105 zapobiec zak\u0142\u00f3ceniu.<\/p>\n<p>Unikanie w \u017cyciu codziennym. Nie oddawa\u0107 moczu do \u015bwi\u0119tych w\u00f3d, nie pra\u0107 odzie\u017cy w okre\u015blonych jeziorach, unika\u0107 okre\u015blonych drzew, przestrzega\u0107 podstawowych zasad uprzejmo\u015bci w obej\u015bciu z istotami.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lu, paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Indie\/hinduizm.<\/strong> <em>N\u0101ga<\/em> to bezpo\u015bredni korze\u0144 w historii religii; pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 w Mahabharacie, puranach oraz w literaturze buddyjskiej.<\/p>\n<p>Buddyzm. N\u0101ga jako s\u0142uchacze Buddy i jako stra\u017cnicy \u015bwi\u0119tych tekst\u00f3w s\u0105 obecni w ca\u0142ym kr\u0119gu buddyjskim; tybeta\u0144ska tradycja Lu przejmuje i modyfikuje to dziedzictwo.<\/p>\n<p>Chiny. Chi\u0144ski smok (<em>l\u00f3ng<\/em>) pokrywa si\u0119 funkcjonalnie z Lu: w\u0142adza nad wod\u0105, sprowadzanie deszczu, godno\u015b\u0107 cesarska.<\/p>\n<p>Japonia. Smok <em>ry\u016b<\/em> oraz <em>kappa<\/em> dziel\u0105 pojedyncze cechy panowania nad wod\u0105 i jej zagro\u017cenia.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Lokalne tybeta\u0144skie specjalizacje i b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwo wody<\/h3>\n<p>R\u00f3\u017cne regiony Tybetu wykszta\u0142ci\u0142y w\u0142asne tradycje Lu. Lu regionu Brahmaputry (po\u0142udniowy Tybet) charakteryzuj\u0105 si\u0119 inaczej ni\u017c Lu regionu Indusu (zachodni Tybet). Niekt\u00f3re Lu opisuje si\u0119 jako bia\u0142e i przychylne, inne jako czarne i niebezpieczne.<\/p>\n<p>W niekt\u00f3rych lokalnych tradycjach Lu nie s\u0105 przede wszystkim b\u00f3stwami wodnymi, lecz kr\u00f3lowymi ziemi mieszkaj\u0105cymi pod g\u00f3rami i kontroluj\u0105cymi rezerwy wody. Rolnicy i pasterze sk\u0142adaj\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar dla b\u00f3stwa wyra\u017caj\u0105cy wdzi\u0119czno\u015b\u0107, pro\u015bb\u0119 lub cze\u015b\u0107.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiary<\/span> Lu, aby zapewni\u0107 dobre opady i przep\u0142yw \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142. We wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnym Tybecie kult Lu \u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 ze \u015bwiadomo\u015bci\u0105 ekologiczn\u0105: ochron\u0119 Lu odczytuje si\u0119 jako r\u00f3wnoznaczn\u0105 z ochron\u0105 zasob\u00f3w wodnych.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp79cad0c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp79cad0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpceb7d60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpceb7d60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klu mi\u0119dzy indyjskimi n\u0101ga a dziedzictwem tybeta\u0144skim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9d76b38 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9d76b38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd99eec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd99eec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tybeta\u0144skie <em>klu<\/em> (wymawiane lu) s\u0105 przyk\u0142adem tego, jak w Tybecie na\u0142o\u017cy\u0142y si\u0119 na siebie wyobra\u017cenia przedbuddyjskie i buddyjskie.<\/p>\n<p>Wraz z przej\u0119ciem buddyzmu z Indii od VII wieku do Tybetu przyby\u0142y r\u00f3wnie\u017c indyjskie <em>n\u0101ga<\/em>, w\u0119zowe duchy wody indyjskiej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ca\u0142o\u015b\u0107 przekazanych opowie\u015bci o b\u00f3stwach danej kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologii<\/span>. Tybeta\u0144scy t\u0142umacze wybrali dla <em>n\u0101ga<\/em> rodzime s\u0142owo <em>klu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>W ten spos\u00f3b zla\u0142y si\u0119 dwie tradycje: indyjskie wyobra\u017cenie <em>n\u0101ga<\/em> jako stra\u017cnik\u00f3w w\u00f3d, skarb\u00f3w i nauk oraz najwyra\u017aniej ju\u017c istniej\u0105ca tybeta\u0144ska klasa duch\u00f3w ziemi i wody.<\/p>\n<p>Badania, zw\u0142aszcza Ren\u00e9 de Nebesky-Wojkowitza w <em>Oracles and Demons of Tibet<\/em>, sytuuj\u0105 <em>klu<\/em> w tr\u00f3jdzielnym tybeta\u0144skim modelu przestrzeni: zamieszkuj\u0105 g\u0142\u0119bi\u0119, a wi\u0119c \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a, jeziora, rzeki, studnie i wn\u0119trze ziemi, podczas gdy <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/nyen\/\">gnyan<\/a> zajmuj\u0105 powierzchni\u0119, a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/tsen\/\">btsan<\/a> wysoko\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<p><em>Klu<\/em> uchodz\u0105 za bogate, za stra\u017cnik\u00f3w minera\u0142\u00f3w i bogactw naturalnych, a zarazem za wra\u017cliwe na zanieczyszczenie swoich obszar\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Kto zanieczyszcza \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o, obci\u0105\u017ca wod\u0119 odpadami, rozkopuje ziemi\u0119 w newralgicznych miejscach lub \u015bcina drzewa przy zbiornikach wodnych, ryzykuje wed\u0142ug tradycyjnego pogl\u0105du gniew <em>klu<\/em>. Przypisywane im choroby dotycz\u0105 przede wszystkim sk\u00f3ry: wysypki, objawy tr\u0105dopodobne, obrz\u0119ki.<\/p>\n<p>I tutaj ujawnia si\u0119 wzorzec zwi\u0105zanych z miejscem tybeta\u0144skich duch\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rych stosunek do cz\u0142owieka regulowany jest przez czysto\u015b\u0107, wzgl\u0105d i unikanie narusze\u0144.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7305805 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7305805\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96acb43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp96acb43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Czysto\u015b\u0107, choroba i obrz\u0119dowe pojednanie z klu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd8a4998 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd8a4998\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpabae9e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpabae9e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradycyjne obej\u015bcie z <em>klu<\/em> kr\u0105\u017cy wok\u00f3\u0142 poj\u0119cia czysto\u015bci. Poniewa\u017c uchodzi\u0142y za wra\u017cliwe na zanieczyszczenie, unikanie skalania ich siedzib by\u0142o codziennym \u015brodkiem ostro\u017cno\u015bci.<\/p>\n<p>Okre\u015blone czynno\u015bci, jak pranie nieczystych rzeczy w \u017ar\u00f3dle czy palenie brudnych materia\u0142\u00f3w w pobli\u017cu zbiornika wodnego, uchodzi\u0142y za niebezpieczne, poniewa\u017c mog\u0142y obrazi\u0107 <em>klu<\/em>. Chorob\u0119 interpretowano w\u00f3wczas jako ich odpowied\u017a.<\/p>\n<p>Gdy cz\u0142owiek zachorowa\u0142, a objawy, przede wszystkim choroby sk\u00f3ry, odczytywano jako kar\u0119 <em>klu<\/em>, si\u0119gano po odr\u0119bny repertuar obrz\u0119d\u00f3w pojednawczych.<\/p>\n<p>Nale\u017ca\u0142y do nich ceremonie oczyszczaj\u0105ce oraz sk\u0142adanie szczeg\u00f3lnie czystych, cz\u0119sto bia\u0142ych lub mlecznych dar\u00f3w ofiarnych, a tak\u017ce wznoszenie lub odnawianie ma\u0142ych kapliczek, <em>lu khang<\/em> lub <em>lu bum<\/em>, w kt\u00f3rych czczono <em>klu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Klu bum<\/em>, naczynie z czystymi substancjami, mog\u0142o s\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 jako trwa\u0142a siedziba i miejsce ofiarne. Praktyka ta \u0142\u0105czy\u0142a, jak zwykle w Tybecie, elementy przedbuddyjskie, buddyjskie i b\u00f6n.<\/p>\n<p>Godna uwagi jest dwoista natura <em>klu<\/em>. S\u0105 niebezpieczne, ale te\u017c \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em bogactwa, p\u0142odno\u015bci i dobrobytu. Dobrze traktowana siedziba <em>klu<\/em> mog\u0142a przynie\u015b\u0107 rodzinie lub miejscu pomy\u015blno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<p>W buddyjskiej warstwie tradycji <em>klu<\/em> wyst\u0119puj\u0105 ponadto jako stra\u017cnicy ukrytych nauk, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub opowie\u015bci.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 bezpo\u015brednio z indyjskiej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci przez pokolenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradycji<\/span> <em>n\u0101ga<\/em>, w kt\u00f3rej <em>n\u0101ga<\/em> przechowuj\u0105 teksty, dop\u00f3ki \u015bwiat nie b\u0119dzie na nie gotowy.<\/p>\n<p><em>Klu<\/em> nie s\u0105 zatem prost\u0105 istot\u0105 szkodliw\u0105, lecz moc\u0105 ambiwalentn\u0105, z kt\u00f3r\u0105 trzeba by\u0142o piel\u0119gnowa\u0107 uporz\u0105dkowan\u0105 relacj\u0119, okre\u015blon\u0105 przez czysto\u015b\u0107 i szacunek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odno\u015bniki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zalecane linki wewn\u0119trzne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Strona kultury <strong>Tybet<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Dalsze profile indywidualne Tybetu: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/tsen\/\">Tsen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/nyen\/\">Nyen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gyalpo\/\">Gyalpo<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/mamo\/\">Mamo<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Paralele: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/hinduizm\/\">hinduizm<\/a> (krewni n\u0101ga), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/chiny\/\">Chiny<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/japonia\/\">Japonia<\/a> (Kappa).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura naukowa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p>Zwi\u0119z\u0142y wyb\u00f3r kluczowych prac o Lu i tybeta\u0144skim \u015bwiecie duch\u00f3w:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Ren\u00e9 de: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/oraclesdemonsoft0000rene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oracles and Demons of Tibet: The Cult and Iconography of the Tibetan Protective Deities.<\/a><\/em> Mouton, The Hague 1956.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Samuel, Geoffrey: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/wellcomecollection.org\/works\/e89hk57g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies.<\/a><\/em> Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Karmay, Samten G.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samten_Karmay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Arrow and the Spindle: Studies in History, Myths, Rituals and Beliefs in Tibet.<\/a><\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Diagram w kszta\u0142cie ko\u0142a, kt\u00f3ry w hinduizmie i buddyzmie odwzorowuje kosmos.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mandala<\/span> Book Point, Kathmandu 1998.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Blondeau, Anne-Marie (Hrsg.): <em>Tibetan Mountain Deities, Their Cults and Representations.<\/em> Verlag der \u00d6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1998.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Stein, Rolf A.: <em>Tibetan Civilization.<\/em> Stanford University Press, Stanford 1972.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-lu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-lu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-lu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Opisana tu praktyka ochronna jest naukow\u0105 klasyfikacj\u0105 tradycji historycznych. iWell Guard nawi\u0105zuje do tej kulturowo-historycznej linii przeno\u015bnych przedmiot\u00f3w ochronnych i stanowi jej wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 form\u0119. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/o-iwell-guard-szczegoly-dotyczace-wisiorka-ochronnego\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Wi\u0119cej o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lu, duch wierze\u0144 o nagach Lu to duch wierze\u0144 o nagach. Duchy wody i ziemi tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej, stra\u017cnicy \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142, jezior i gleby. DuchTybetDuch wody Spis tre\u015bci Lu (klu) Lu (tyb. klu) stanowi\u0105 w tybeta\u0144skim obrazie \u015bwiata jedn\u0105 z najwa\u017cniejszych klas istot duchowych. S\u0105 to duchy wody i ziemi, stra\u017cnicy \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142, jezior, rzek, mokrade\u0142 i okre\u015blonych [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8406,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Lu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Lu, duch tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Lu, duchy wody i ziemi tradycji tybeta\u0144skiej. 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