{"id":8397,"date":"2026-04-21T13:17:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gumiho\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T13:47:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:47:55","slug":"gumiho","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/","title":{"rendered":"Gumiho"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8397\" class=\"elementor elementor-8397 elementor-1332\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gumiho, duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gumiho to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota bezcielesna, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> tradycji korea\u0144skiej.<\/p>\n<p>Dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej, przemiana, uwodzenie, t\u0119sknota.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: istota bezcielesna lub p\u00f3\u0142cielesna, zmarli, istoty natury, duchy domowe lub stra\u017cnicy prog\u00f3w. Dzia\u0142a w \u017cyciu codziennym, cz\u0119sto zwi\u0105zany z miejscami lub rodzinami.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/korea\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korea\u0144ski \u015bwiat bog\u00f3w, szaman\u00f3w i duch\u00f3w ludowych.\">Korea<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/zmiennoksztaltni\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Istoty zwierz\u0119co-ludzkie zdolne do przemiany, wilko\u0142acze, w postaci lisa, ptaka lub w\u0119\u017ca.\">Zmiennokszta\u0142tni<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8398\" alt=\"Gumiho, duchy z tradycji korea\u0144skiej, ilustracja historyczna\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gumiho<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gumiho (\uad6c\ubbf8\ud638, \u4e5d\u5c3e\u72d0, \u201elis o dziewi\u0119ciu ogonach\u201d) to jedna z najbardziej ikonicznych postaci korea\u0144skiej demonologii. Nale\u017cy do wielkiej wschodnioazjatyckiej tradycji dziewi\u0119cioogoniastych istot lisich, po\u015bwiadczonych r\u00f3wnie\u017c w Chinach (<em>H\u00fali J\u012bng<\/em>) i Japonii (<em>Kitsune<\/em>). Lis, jak g\u0142osi przekaz, kt\u00f3ry \u017cyje tysi\u0105c lat, wykszta\u0142ca dziewi\u0119\u0107 ogon\u00f3w i zdolno\u015bci magiczne.<\/p>\n<p>W korea\u0144skim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci z pokolenia na pokolenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekazie<\/span> Gumiho jest zazwyczaj kobiet\u0105 i potrafi przybiera\u0107 ludzk\u0105 posta\u0107, typowo posta\u0107 uderzaj\u0105co pi\u0119knej m\u0142odej kobiety. W zale\u017cno\u015bci od opowie\u015bci bywa gro\u017any i morderczy lub tragiczny i t\u0119skni\u0105cy, posta\u0107, kt\u00f3ra pragnie sta\u0107 si\u0119 cz\u0142owiekiem i ponosi w tym pora\u017ck\u0119.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Samguk Sagi, Samguk Yusa i dziewi\u0119\u0107 ogon\u00f3w<\/h3>\n<p>Wczesne \u015bwiadectwa o <em>Gumiho<\/em> pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 w obu kanonicznych korea\u0144skich dzie\u0142ach historiograficznych: w <em>Samguk Sagi<\/em> (Historia Trzech Kr\u00f3lestw, XII wiek) oraz w <em>Samguk Yusa<\/em> (XIII wiek). Samguk Sagi dokumentuje epizod z Gumiho, w kt\u00f3rym dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty lis zwodzi kr\u00f3la; Samguk Yusa wzbogaca narracje o g\u0142\u0119bi\u0119 psychologiczn\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Dziewi\u0119cioogoniasto\u015bci przypisuje si\u0119 w tych wczesnych tekstach ju\u017c magiczne znaczenie: dziewi\u0119\u0107 ogon\u00f3w oznacza wiek, moc i nabyte zdolno\u015bci, gromadzone przez wiele cykli reinkarnacji.<\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce korea\u0144ski Gumiho nie jest jedynie istot\u0105 zoomorficzn\u0105, lecz istot\u0105 quasi-ludzk\u0105 o d\u0142ugiej d\u0142ugo\u015bci \u017cycia i kumulatywnych do\u015bwiadczeniach. Wczesna tradycja tekstowa podkre\u015bla intelektualn\u0105 wy\u017cszo\u015b\u0107 Gumiho nad lud\u017ami oraz jego systematyczne uwodzenie poprzez przemian\u0119 w posta\u0107 ludzkiej kobiety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">W skr\u00f3cie: Gumiho<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> zwierz\u0119co postaciowy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota duchowa, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 dzia\u0142anie szkodliwe lub niejednoznaczne.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>, zmiennokszta\u0142tny<br \/>Pochodzenie: dawna tradycja lisia Azji Wschodniej; wariant korea\u0144ski od \u015bredniowiecza<br \/>Teksty: Samguk Yusa, Yongjae Chonghwa, Cheongjo gangmok<br \/><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub opowie\u015bci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motyw<\/span>: przemiana w pi\u0119kn\u0105 kobiet\u0119; polowanie na energi\u0119 \u017cyciow\u0105 lub ludzk\u0105 w\u0105trob\u0119<br \/>Obrona: amulety bujok, lustra, krew psia, konfucja\u0144ska surowo\u015b\u0107 moralna<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst historyczny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres powstania tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dziewi\u0119cioogoniaste lisy s\u0105 po\u015bwiadczone w Azji Wschodniej od chi\u0144skiej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoka kultury greckiej i rzymskiej, mniej wi\u0119cej od 800 p.n.e. do 600 n.e.\" tabindex=\"0\">staro\u017cytno\u015bci<\/span>, opisywane ju\u017c w Shan Hai Jing (III, I w. p.n.e.) jako istoty ambiwalentne. Posta\u0107 ta w\u0119druje przez stulecia do Korei i Japonii, przy czym w ka\u017cdym z tych miejsc wykszta\u0142caj\u0105 si\u0119 odr\u0119bne profile.<\/p>\n<p>Podczas gdy chi\u0144ski H\u00fali J\u012bng zachowuje r\u00f3wnie\u017c cechy pozytywne, a japo\u0144ski Kitsune cz\u0119sto wyst\u0119puje jako s\u0142uga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w obr\u0119bie danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwa<\/span> Inari, korea\u0144ski Gumiho rozwija profil wyra\u017anie ciemniejszy, najcz\u0119\u015bciej przedstawiany jako gro\u017any lub tragiczny.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Teksty podstawowe: Samguk Yusa (ok. 1281) z epizodami o postaci lisa; zbiory paesol i yadam z czas\u00f3w dynastii Joseon. Media wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne, K-drama \u201eMy Girlfriend Is a Gumiho\u201d (2010), \u201eTale of the Nine Tailed\u201d (2020), uczyni\u0142y t\u0119 posta\u0107 popularn\u0105 na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obszar wyst\u0119powania<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Opowie\u015bci o Gumiho odnajduje si\u0119 na ca\u0142ym P\u00f3\u0142wyspie Korea\u0144skim. Preferowane miejsca akcji: samotne prze\u0142\u0119cze g\u00f3rskie, cmentarze podczas pe\u0142ni ksi\u0119\u017cyca, ciemne lasy, odleg\u0142e wioski. Kobieta-lis spotyka m\u0119\u017cczyzn zazwyczaj p\u00f3\u017anym wieczorem, w niepewnych sytuacjach na drodze, wzd\u0142u\u017c \u015bcie\u017cek g\u00f3rskich, przy samotnych \u015bwi\u0105tyniach, w opuszczonych budynkach.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a podstawowe: Iry\u014fn, Samguk Yusa (ok. 1281); Yongjae Chonghwa (S\u014fng Hy\u014fn, XV w.); literatura yadam z czas\u00f3w dynastii Joseon. G\u0142\u00f3wne nurty recepcji wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej to Kwon, Yong-Hwan (2010) \u201eKorean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywana kultura ludowa z obyczajami, opowie\u015bciami i pie\u015bniami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span>\u201d oraz badania zwi\u0105zane z K-dram\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Przedstawienia obrazowe Gumiho s\u0105 rzadkie a\u017c do p\u00f3\u017anego okresu dynastii Joseon; wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o tre\u015bciach przedstawie\u0144 obrazowych i ich znaczeniu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> z dziewi\u0119cioma widocznymi ogonami za postaci\u0105 kobiety jest w istocie rozwojem ostatnich dziesi\u0119cioleci, silnie ukszta\u0142towanym przez manhw\u0119 i K-dram\u0119.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dos\u0142ownie \u201elis o dziewi\u0119ciu ogonach\u201d od \u4e5d (\u201edziewi\u0119\u0107\u201d), \u5c3e (\u201eogon\u201d) i \u72d0 (\u201elis\u201d).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Baekyeowoo<\/strong> (\ubc31\uc5ec\uc6b0), \u201ebia\u0142y lis\u201d; szczeg\u00f3lnie stary, bia\u0142y Gumiho.<\/li>\n<li>Bulyeowoo (\ubd88\uc5ec\uc6b0), \u201eognisty lis\u201d; inna posta\u0107 demona-lisa.<\/li>\n<li>Yeowoo-guseul (\uc5ec\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2ac), \u201eper\u0142a lisa\u201d; magiczna per\u0142a w pysku Gumiho, \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o jego mocy \u017cyciowej i przemiany.<\/li>\n<li>Kumiho, alternatywna transkrypcja w obszarze j\u0119zyka angielskiego.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakterystyka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wygl\u0105d.<\/strong> W postaci zwierz\u0119cej bia\u0142y lub srebrzysty lis o dziewi\u0119ciu ogonach; w postaci ludzkiej m\u0142oda, pi\u0119kna kobieta w tradycyjnym stroju (<em>hanbok<\/em>). Przej\u015bcie mi\u0119dzy postaciami zwi\u0105zane jest z per\u0142\u0105 lisa, kt\u00f3ra cz\u0119sto pe\u0142ni funkcj\u0119 kluczowego motywu.<\/p>\n<p>Zachowanie. Uwodzi m\u0119\u017cczyzn, w klasycznych opowie\u015bciach \u017cywi si\u0119 ludzk\u0105 w\u0105trob\u0105 lub energi\u0105 \u017cyciow\u0105 partnera. W nowszych recepcjach, a tak\u017ce w starszej linii narracyjnej, Gumiho pragnie sta\u0107 si\u0119 cz\u0142owiekiem; musi w tym celu spe\u0142ni\u0107 warunek (sto dni wstrzemi\u0119\u017aliwo\u015bci, sto dni milczenia, okre\u015blona liczba ludzkich dusz).<\/p>\n<p>\u015amier\u0107. W wielu opowie\u015bciach Gumiho ponosi pora\u017ck\u0119 tu\u017c przed osi\u0105gni\u0119ciem cz\u0142owiecze\u0144stwa, poniewa\u017c \u015blub milczenia zostaje z\u0142amany, poniewa\u017c ukochany nie dotrzymuje obietnicy.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Adaptacja chi\u0144skiej tradycji Huli-jing<\/h3>\n<p>Korea\u0144ski Gumiho jest bezpo\u015bredni\u0105 adaptacj\u0105 starszej chi\u0144skiej tradycji <em>Huli-jing<\/em> (dziewi\u0119cioogoniastego lisa z chi\u0144skiej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ca\u0142o\u015b\u0107 przekazanych opowie\u015bci o bogach danej kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologii<\/span>, po\u015bwiadczonej od czas\u00f3w dynastii Han). Adaptacja nie by\u0142a jednak czysto na\u015bladowcza: korea\u0144scy uczeni i opowiadacze ludowi po\u0142\u0105czyli motywy Huli-jing z lokalnymi koncepcjami szama\u0144skimi i buddyjskimi ideami karmy.<\/p>\n<p>Korea\u0144ski Gumiho wykazuje wi\u0119ksz\u0105 ambiwalencj\u0119 psychologiczn\u0105 ni\u017c prototyp chi\u0144ski: podczas gdy Huli-jing s\u0105 cz\u0119sto z\u0142e lub amoralne, Gumiho cz\u0119sto uciele\u015bnia postaci tragiczne, kt\u00f3rych uwodzenie wyp\u0142ywa z t\u0119sknoty za cz\u0142owiecze\u0144stwem.<\/p>\n<p>Odzwierciedla to korea\u0144skie skupienie na z\u0142o\u017cono\u015bci emocjonalnej i wewn\u0119trznej motywacji. Nadprzyrodzona substancja, kt\u00f3rej Gumiho potrzebuje, \u015bwiadczy o klasyfikacji medyczno-duchowej r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105cej si\u0119 od poprzednik\u00f3w chi\u0144skich.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Gumiho<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Gumiho w skr\u00f3cie.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst kulturowy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stary lis, kt\u00f3ry staje si\u0119 dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty i zyskuje zdolno\u015bci magiczne; cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 og\u00f3lnowschodnioazjatyckiej tradycji lisiej.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obiekt oddzia\u0142ywania<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u0142odzi m\u0119\u017cczy\u017ani na samotnych drogach; uczeni i urz\u0119dnicy w odosobnieniu; podr\u00f3\u017cuj\u0105cy noc\u0105 w g\u00f3rach.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Przedstawienie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bia\u0142y lub srebrzysty lis o dziewi\u0119ciu ogonach; w postaci ludzkiej m\u0142oda, uderzaj\u0105co pi\u0119kna kobieta w tradycyjnym stroju.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oddzia\u0142ywanie Gumiho<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uwodzenie, wyczerpanie, \u015bmier\u0107 partnera; w odczytaniu tragicznym: nieudane przemienienie w cz\u0142owieka, \u017ca\u0142oba i po\u017cegnanie.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u015arodki ochronne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Amulety bujok z czerwonymi znakami pisma; lustra, kt\u00f3re ukazuj\u0105 prawdziw\u0105 posta\u0107; krew psia i fasola; konfucja\u0144ska niez\u0142omno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoty pokrewne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chi\u0144ski <strong>H\u00fali J\u012bng<\/strong> (zob. Huli Jing), japo\u0144ski <em>Kitsune<\/em>; europejskie motywy liso\u0142aka i wr\u00f3\u017cek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obrona praktyczna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lustro.<\/strong> W wielu opowie\u015bciach niespodziewanie podstawione lustro ukazuje prawdziw\u0105 lisi\u0105 posta\u0107 Gumiho; przemiana pryska, gdy Gumiho ujrzy swoje odbicie.<\/p>\n<p>Bujok. Po\u015bwi\u0119cone papierowe amulety z czerwonymi znakami pisma umieszcza si\u0119 na framugach drzwi i nosi przy ciele.<\/p>\n<p>Pies i krew psia. Psy rozpoznaj\u0105 lisi\u0105 natur\u0119; krew psia uchodzi za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odp\u0119dzaj\u0105cy nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie: o znakach i przedmiotach, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 trzyma\u0107 z dala szkodliwe wp\u0142ywy.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaiczn\u0105<\/span>. Niekt\u00f3re wioski trzyma\u0142y dlatego \u015bwiadomie psy przy wej\u015bciu.<\/p>\n<p>Surowo\u015b\u0107 \u015blubu. W opowie\u015bciach, w kt\u00f3rych Gumiho pragnie sta\u0107 si\u0119 cz\u0142owiekiem, dotrzymanie przez cz\u0142owieka jasnego \u015blubu jest rozstrzygaj\u0105ce, z\u0142amanie obietnicy skazuje Gumiho ponownie na posta\u0107 lisa.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gumiho, paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Chiny.<\/strong> H\u00fali J\u012bng to najstarsza uchwytna posta\u0107; w chi\u0144skim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci z pokolenia na pokolenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekazie<\/span> zarazem omen, towarzyszka i osoba poddaj\u0105ca pr\u00f3bie.<\/p>\n<p>Japonia. <em>Kitsune<\/em> bywa w kontek\u015bcie shint\u014d cz\u0119\u015bciowo nacechowany pozytywnie, jako pos\u0142aniec <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w obr\u0119bie danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwa<\/span> Inari. Najbli\u017cszy Gumiho jest ciemny profil p\u00f3\u0142nocnych tradycji Nogitsune.<\/p>\n<p>Europa. Motywy liso\u0142aka we francuskim i skandynawskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywana kultura ludowa z obyczajami, opowie\u015bciami i pie\u015bniami.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklorze<\/span> s\u0105 typologicznie pokrewne; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub opowie\u015bci.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> kobiety-lisa, kt\u00f3ra oczarowuje ludzi, odnajduje si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c w opowie\u015bciach my\u015bliwskich.<\/p>\n<p>Indie. <em>Yakshini<\/em> i pewne \u017ce\u0144skie p\u00f3\u0142istoty dziel\u0105 cechy uwodzicielsko gro\u017anej postaci kobiety.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Recepcja dramatyczna i wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna kulturalizacja<\/h3>\n<p>Tradycja Gumiho zosta\u0142a w Korei od XIX wieku intensywnie skulturalizowana poprzez adaptacje dramatyczne. Tradycyjny teatr korea\u0144ski (<em>pansori<\/em>, p\u00f3\u017aniej dramat i film) adaptowa\u0142 narracje o Gumiho do moralnych przypowie\u015bci, historii mi\u0142osnych, a p\u00f3\u017aniej do dramat\u00f3w psychologicznych.<\/p>\n<p>W p\u00f3\u017anym XX wieku Gumiho przekszta\u0142ci\u0142 si\u0119 w korea\u0144skiej produkcji filmowej i telewizyjnej w prototypow\u0105 nadprzyrodzon\u0105 posta\u0107 kobiety o w\u0142asnej podmiotowo\u015bci i z\u0142o\u017cono\u015bci moralnej, dalek\u0105 od podst\u0119pnych demonic z wczesnych \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142.<\/p>\n<p>To dramatyczne przekodowanie by\u0142o tak intensywne, \u017ce Gumiho sta\u0142 si\u0119 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kt\u00f3ry zast\u0119pczo reprezentuje pewne wyobra\u017cenie lub znaczenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> korea\u0144skiej odr\u0119bno\u015bci kulturowej, odmiennym od chi\u0144skich i japo\u0144skich narracji o lisach. Wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bni korea\u0144scy autorzy i dramaturdzy przedstawiali Gumiho jako postaci przekraczania granicy mi\u0119dzy natur\u0105 a kultur\u0105, kobieco\u015bci\u0105 a zagro\u017ceniem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp53a15cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp53a15cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp713a2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp713a2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty lis w Azji Wschodniej i jego korea\u0144ski wariant<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a11714 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2a11714\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp58f30bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp58f30bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Gumiho<\/em> (\uad6c\ubbf8\ud638), dos\u0142ownie dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty lis, nale\u017cy do wschodnioazjatyckiego kr\u0119gu motyw\u00f3w, obejmuj\u0105cego r\u00f3wnie\u017c chi\u0144skiego <em>huli jing<\/em> i japo\u0144skiego <em>kitsune<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>We wszystkich trzech tradycjach lis jest zwierz\u0119ciem d\u0142ugowiecznym, kt\u00f3re dzi\u0119ki podesz\u0142emu wiekowi zyskuje moce magiczne, potrafi si\u0119 przemienia\u0107, a w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci potrafi przybra\u0107 posta\u0107 pi\u0119knej kobiety. Badania dostrzegaj\u0105 tu wsp\u00f3lne t\u0142o kulturowe, podkre\u015blaj\u0105 jednak zarazem wyra\u017ane r\u00f3\u017cnice w poszczeg\u00f3lnych wariantach.<\/p>\n<p>Charakterystyczne dla wariantu korea\u0144skiego jest to, \u017ce <em>gumiho<\/em> jest w przewa\u017caj\u0105cej mierze nacechowany negatywnie. Podczas gdy japo\u0144ski <em>kitsune<\/em> pozostaje ambiwalentny, a w postaci lisich pos\u0142a\u0144c\u00f3w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w obr\u0119bie danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwa<\/span> Inari jest nawet czczony, <em>gumiho<\/em> wyst\u0119puje w korea\u0144skim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci z pokolenia na pokolenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekazie<\/span> najcz\u0119\u015bciej jako istota gro\u017ana, cz\u0119sto \u015bmierciono\u015bna.<\/p>\n<p>W licznych opowie\u015bciach przybiera posta\u0107 pi\u0119knej kobiety, aby zbli\u017cy\u0107 si\u0119 do m\u0119\u017cczyzn, i zabija ich, przy czym powracaj\u0105cym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub opowie\u015bci.\" tabindex=\"0\">motywem<\/span> jest po\u017ceranie ludzkiej w\u0105troby lub serca.<\/p>\n<p>To mroczne zabarwienie badania powi\u0105za\u0142y z korea\u0144skim obrazem duch\u00f3w w og\u00f3le, kt\u00f3ry jest silnie naznaczony wyobra\u017ceniem naruszonego porz\u0105dku.<\/p>\n<p><em>Gumiho<\/em> uciele\u015bnia podw\u00f3jne zagro\u017cenie: niebezpiecze\u0144stwo obcego, kt\u00f3re maskuje si\u0119 jako znajome, oraz niebezpiecze\u0144stwo p\u0142yn\u0105ce z wi\u0119zi z istot\u0105, kt\u00f3ra jest ludzka tylko pozornie. Pokrewny w szerszym kontek\u015bcie korea\u0144skim jest <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gwishin\/\">gwishin<\/a>, jednak inaczej ni\u017c on <em>gumiho<\/em> nie jest duchem zmar\u0142ego, lecz przemienionym zwierz\u0119ciem.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp51ca7de e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp51ca7de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp083e549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp083e549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Motyw przemiany w cz\u0142owieka i warunek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3b1054 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe3b1054\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpedddcb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpedddcb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Centralnym i kulturowo wymownym motywem narracyjnym <em>gumiho<\/em> jest jego pragnienie, by sta\u0107 si\u0119 w pe\u0142ni cz\u0142owiekiem. Inaczej ni\u017c zwyk\u0142a istota drapie\u017cna, <em>gumiho<\/em> w wielu opowie\u015bciach d\u0105\u017cy do tego, by porzuci\u0107 swoj\u0105 lisi\u0105 natur\u0119 i ostatecznie przej\u015b\u0107 do \u015bwiata ludzi.<\/p>\n<p>Z tym zwi\u0105zany jest cz\u0119sto warunek: musi przetrwa\u0107 okre\u015blony okres, podawany cz\u0119sto jako tysi\u0105c dni, bez zabijania lub bez spo\u017cywania ludzkiego mi\u0119sa, albo musi zdoby\u0107 szczer\u0105 mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107 cz\u0142owieka, kt\u00f3remu wyjawia swoj\u0105 prawdziw\u0105 natur\u0119, a ten go nie zdradzi.<\/p>\n<p>Ten <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub opowie\u015bci.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> nadaje <em>gumiho<\/em> wymiar tragiczny. Opowie\u015bci ko\u0144cz\u0105 si\u0119 cz\u0119sto pora\u017ck\u0105 tu\u017c przed celem: tajemnica zostaje zdradzona w ostatniej chwili, pokusa bierze g\u00f3r\u0119 albo nieufno\u015b\u0107 \u0142amie warunek.<\/p>\n<p><em>Gumiho<\/em> pozostaje wtedy uwi\u0119ziony mi\u0119dzy \u015bwiatami, ani ca\u0142kiem zwierz\u0119, ani ca\u0142kiem cz\u0142owiek. Opowie\u015b\u0107 ludowa wykorzystuje t\u0119 istot\u0119, aby rozwa\u017ca\u0107 zaufanie, tajemnic\u0119 i niemo\u017cno\u015b\u0107 ca\u0142kowitego porzucenia zasadniczo odmiennej natury.<\/p>\n<p>Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna korea\u0144ska kultura popularna podj\u0119\u0142a i rozwin\u0119\u0142a w\u0142a\u015bnie ten <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub opowie\u015bci.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span>. Filmy i seriale telewizyjne minionych dziesi\u0119cioleci ukazuj\u0105 <em>gumiho<\/em> coraz cz\u0119\u015bciej jako posta\u0107 niejednoznaczn\u0105, wsp\u00f3\u0142czuj\u0105c\u0105, kt\u00f3rej t\u0119sknota za cz\u0142owiecze\u0144stwem znajduje si\u0119 na pierwszym planie, zamiast samego zagro\u017cenia. Tym samym punkt ci\u0119\u017cko\u015bci przesun\u0105\u0142 si\u0119, cho\u0107 starsza warstwa nie znikn\u0119\u0142a.<\/p>\n<p>Z perspektywy religioznawczej i ludoznawczej <em>gumiho<\/em> pozostaje istot\u0105 granicy, kt\u00f3ra stawia pytanie, czy i jak mo\u017cna przekroczy\u0107 lini\u0119 mi\u0119dzy cz\u0142owiekiem a nie-cz\u0142owiekiem, i kt\u00f3ra w tradycji korea\u0144skiej najcz\u0119\u015bciej odpowiada na nie wyra\u017anym \u201enie\u201d.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odno\u015bniki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zalecane linki wewn\u0119trzne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Strona kulturowa <strong>Korea<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Dalsze profile pojedyncze Korei: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/dokkaebi\/\">Dokkaebi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gwishin\/\">Gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/cheonyeo-gwishin\/\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/jeoseung-saja\/\">Jeoseung Saja<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Paralele: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/huli-jing\/\">Huli Jing<\/a> (Chiny), Kitsune (Japonia), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yakshini\/\">Yakshini<\/a> (hinduizm).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (wyb\u00f3r)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Zwi\u0119z\u0142y wyb\u00f3r najwa\u017cniejszych prac o Gumiho:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Kang, Jae-eun: <em>The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism.<\/em> Homa &#038; Sekey, Paramus 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Iry\u014fn: <em>Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea.<\/em> Prze\u0142. Ha Tae-Hung, Grafton K. Mintz. Yonsei University Press, Seul 1972.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Grayson, James Huntley: <em>Myths and Legends from Korea: An Annotated Compendium of Ancient and Modern Materials.<\/em> Routledge, Londyn 2001.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer><p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dalsze dzie\u0142a standardowe w <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/literatura\/\">spisie literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gumiho-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gumiho-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gumiho\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gumiho-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gumiho-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Opisana tu praktyka ochronna jest religioznawczym uporz\u0105dkowaniem historycznych tradycji. iWell Guard nawi\u0105zuje do tej kulturowo-historycznej linii noszonych przedmiot\u00f3w ochronnych i stanowi jej wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 form\u0119. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/o-iwell-guard-szczegoly-dotyczace-wisiorka-ochronnego\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Wi\u0119cej o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gumiho, duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej Gumiho to duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej. Dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej, przemiana, uwodzenie, t\u0119sknota. DuchKoreaZmiennokszta\u0142tni Spis tre\u015bci Gumiho Gumiho (\uad6c\ubbf8\ud638, \u4e5d\u5c3e\u72d0, \u201elis o dziewi\u0119ciu ogonach\u201d) to jedna z najbardziej ikonicznych postaci korea\u0144skiej demonologii. Nale\u017cy do wielkiej wschodnioazjatyckiej tradycji dziewi\u0119cioogoniastych istot lisich, po\u015bwiadczonych r\u00f3wnie\u017c w Chinach (H\u00fali J\u012bng) i Japonii (Kitsune). Lis, jak g\u0142osi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8398,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gumiho","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gumiho, duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[161,162,182,157],"class_list":["post-8397","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-demony-uwodzenia","category-duchy","category-korea","category-kultury"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gumiho, duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gumiho\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-21T13:47:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gumiho, duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T13:17:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:47:55+00:00\",\"description\":\"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Duchy z tradycji korea\u0144skiej.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/strona-glowna\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gumiho\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Gumiho\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T13:17:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:47:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2076,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gumiho\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Demony uwodzenia\",\"Duchy\",\"Korea\",\"Kultury\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"description\":\"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gumiho, duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej | iWell Guard","description":"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gumiho","og_description":"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-06-21T13:47:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Szacowany czas czytania":"10 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gumiho","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:47:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/"},"wordCount":2076,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp","articleSection":["Demony uwodzenia","Duchy","Korea","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/","name":"Gumiho, duch tradycji korea\u0144skiej | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:47:55+00:00","description":"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Duchy z tradycji korea\u0144skiej."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/strona-glowna\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gumiho"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gumiho","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:47:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/"},"wordCount":2076,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gumiho\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gumiho.webp","articleSection":["Demony uwodzenia","Duchy","Korea","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Gumiho, dziewi\u0119cioogoniasty demon-lis tradycji korea\u0144skiej: przemiana, uwodzenie i t\u0119sknota, z folkloru i K-dramy."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8397\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}