{"id":8354,"date":"2026-04-21T13:17:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yurei\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T13:46:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:46:10","slug":"yurei","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u016brei"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8354\" class=\"elementor elementor-8354 elementor-1328\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u016brei, duch japo\u0144skiej tradycji<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y\u016brei jest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span> japo\u0144skiej tradycji.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u016brei to niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych, powracaj\u0105ce do \u017cywych z powodu nieza\u0142atwionych spraw.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Bezcielesna lub p\u00f3\u0142cielesna istota, zmarli, istoty przyrody, duchy domowe lub stra\u017cnicy prog\u00f3w. Dzia\u0142a w \u017cyciu codziennym, cz\u0119sto zwi\u0105zana z miejscem lub rodzin\u0105.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/japonia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japo\u0144skie kami shinto i buddyjsko-yokai \u015bwiatopostrzeganie.\">Japonia<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/duchy-zmarlych\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zmarli, kt\u00f3rych duchy nadal dzia\u0142aj\u0105 po tej stronie, duchy domowe, przodkowie, niespokojne duchy.\">Duchy zmar\u0142ych<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8355\" alt=\"Y\u016brei, duchy z japo\u0144skiej tradycji, historyczno-ilustracyjne\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u016brei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y\u016brei (\u5e7d\u970a, \u201emroczna dusza&#8221;) to klasyczne duchy zmar\u0142ych Japonii. Od y\u014dkai r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 tym, \u017ce pochodz\u0105 ze sfery \u015bmierci i powracaj\u0105 do \u015bwiata ludzi, najcz\u0119\u015bciej z powodu nieza\u0142atwionych spraw: nie pomszczonego morderstwa, porzuconego dziecka, nieodwzajemnionej mi\u0142o\u015bci lub zagrabionego maj\u0105tku.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Utrwalona ikonograficznie posta\u0107 pochodzi z okresu Edo: bia\u0142y kimono pogrzebowy, d\u0142ugie czarne w\u0142osy opadaj\u0105ce na twarz, brak st\u00f3p, bezw\u0142adnie zwisaj\u0105ce d\u0142onie. Obraz ten pochodzi w znacznej mierze z tw\u00f3rczo\u015bci malarza Maruyamy \u014ckyo (1733, 1795).<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Podklasa Onry\u014d i archetyp ducha zemsty<\/h3>\n<p><em>Y\u016brei<\/em> dziel\u0105 si\u0119 na kilka podklas, z kt\u00f3rych <em>Onry\u014d<\/em> (duchy zemsty) stanowi\u0105 dramaturgicznie najbardziej wyrazisty typ. Onry\u014d to Y\u016brei o gwa\u0142townych emocjach, kt\u00f3rych niewyswobodzenie wynika nie z mglistej t\u0119sknoty, lecz z doznanej krzywdy. Kanoniczna literatura o Onry\u014d dokumentuje przypadki morderstwa, zdrady ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144skiej lub prze\u015bladowa\u0144 politycznych jako katalizator\u00f3w nadnaturalnych nawiedzin.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f3\u017cnica w stosunku do zwyk\u0142ego Y\u016brei tkwi w intensywno\u015bci fenomenalnych manifestacji: Onry\u014d wywo\u0142uj\u0105 kl\u0119ski \u017cywio\u0142owe, po\u017cary lub rozpad rodzinny na przestrzeni kilku pokole\u0144. Systemy klasyfikacji w tekstach buddyjskich rozr\u00f3\u017cniaj\u0105 mi\u0119dzy <em>shiry\u014d<\/em> (duchami zmar\u0142ych) a <em>akuryo<\/em> (duchami z\u0142ymi), przy czym Onry\u014d s\u0105 bli\u017csze tej drugiej kategorii. We wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych klasyfikacjach Onry\u014d definiuje si\u0119 jako Y\u016brei o potencjale manifestacyjnym.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">W skr\u00f3cie: Y\u016brei<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Duch zmar\u0142ego, duch zemsty (onry\u014d)<br \/>Pochodzenie: Shint\u014d-wyobra\u017cenia o \u015bmierci, buddyjska kosmologia odrodzenia<br \/>Teksty: Konjaku Monogatarish\u016b, Ugetsu Monogatari (1776), Yotsuya Kaidan (1825)<br \/>Okres: Ludowy od \u015bredniowiecza; klasyczna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o tre\u015bciach obraz\u00f3w i ich znaczeniu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> z okresu Edo<br \/>Przyczyny: nierozwi\u0105zane przywi\u0105zanie, nie pomszczona krzywda, niedoko\u0144czone obrz\u0119dy pogrzebowe<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klasyfikacja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wyobra\u017cenie w\u0119druj\u0105cych duch\u00f3w zmar\u0142ych jest w Japonii g\u0142\u0119boko zakorzenione. Ju\u017c w zbiorach setsuwa z XII i XIV wieku zmarli powracaj\u0105, by wyja\u015bni\u0107 pewne sprawy. Konkretne poj\u0119cie y\u016brei utrwala si\u0119 w okresie Edo.<\/p>\n<p>Utrwalenia ikonograficznego dokona\u0142 Maruyama \u014ckyo w p\u00f3\u017anym XVIII wieku, a tak\u017ce sztuki teatralne o duchach i drzeworyty okresu Edo. Dramat kabuki \u201eT\u014dkaid\u014d Yotsuya Kaidan&#8221; (Tsuruya Nanboku IV, 1825) z postaci\u0105 ducha zemsty Oiwa kszta\u0142tuje po dzi\u015b dzie\u0144 wizerunek onry\u014d.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zasi\u0119g geograficzny<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podania o Y\u016brei s\u0105 rozpowszechnione w ca\u0142ej Japonii. Miejsca akcji w literaturze i teatrze to cz\u0119sto konkretne lokalizacje: Yotsuya (Tokio) zwi\u0105zana z histori\u0105 Oiwy, Banch\u014d jako miejsce opowie\u015bci o Okiku i talerzach, klasztor Tenmang\u016b w zwi\u0105zku z Sugawar\u0105 no Michizane. Zw\u0142aszcza w sierpniu, podczas \u015bwi\u0119ta Obon, kiedy dusze zmar\u0142ych powracaj\u0105, y\u016brei s\u0105 wszechobecne w teatrze i popularnych opowie\u015bciach o duchach.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a podstawowe: Ueda Akinari, Ugetsu Monogatari (1776); Tsuruya Nanboku IV, T\u014dkaid\u014d Yotsuya Kaidan (1825); <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Irlandzko-ameryka\u0144ski pisarz (1850-1904); zbieracz japo\u0144skich historii o duchach w Kwaidan (1904).\">Lafcadio Hearn<\/span>, In Ghostly Japan oraz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zbi\u00f3r japo\u0144skich opowie\u015bci o duchach Lafcadio Hearna z 1904 roku; ukszta\u0142towa\u0142 zachodni\u0105 percepcj\u0119 Yuki-Onna i Y\u016brei.\">Kwaidan<\/span> (1899\/1904).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne badania: Michael Dylan Foster (2015); Iwasaka, Michiko i Toelken, Barre (1994) Ghosts and the Japanese; Komatsu Kazuhiko (2017). Temat ten \u017cyje do dzi\u015b, widoczny w filmach takich jak \u201eRingu&#8221; (1998) i \u201eJu-On&#8221; (2002).<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i warianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dos\u0142ownie \u201eciemna\/m\u0119tna dusza&#8221; od \u5e7d (m\u0119tny, ciemny) i \u970a (dusza, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Onry\u014d<\/strong> (\u6028\u970a), duch zemsty; podgrupa y\u016brei o agresywnym profilu.<\/li>\n<li>Ubume (\u7523\u5973), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> kobiety zmar\u0142ej podczas porodu.<\/li>\n<li>Funay\u016brei (\u8239\u5e7d\u970a), duchy utopionych atakuj\u0105ce statki.<\/li>\n<li>Zashiki-warashi, dzieci\u0119ce duchy domowe, pomi\u0119dzy y\u014dkai a y\u016brei; raczej przynosz\u0105ce szcz\u0119\u015bcie.<\/li>\n<li>Gory\u014d (\u5fa1\u970a), szczeg\u00f3lnie pot\u0119\u017cne duchy zemsty wybitnych os\u00f3b; w\u0142asny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ca\u0142okszta\u0142t religijnych praktyk kultowych wobec b\u00f3stwa lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wygl\u0105d.<\/strong> Bia\u0142y kimono pogrzebowy (shinish\u014dzoku, z odwr\u00f3conym na ciele krojeniem), d\u0142ugie, rozczochrane czarne w\u0142osy, blade, zazwyczaj m\u0142ode oblicze, bezw\u0142adnie zwisaj\u0105ce d\u0142onie, brak lub zatarte stopy. Cz\u0119sto towarzysz\u0105 dwa migocz\u0105ce p\u0142omienie hitodama.<\/p>\n<p>Zachowanie. Y\u016brei pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 przewa\u017cnie tam, gdzie zgin\u0119\u0142y lub gdzie pope\u0142niono krzywd\u0119. Rzadko m\u00f3wi\u0105, lamentuj\u0105, wskazuj\u0105, strasz\u0105. Onry\u014d aktywnie atakuj\u0105, wywo\u0142uj\u0105 wypadki, doprowadzaj\u0105 winnych do szale\u0144stwa lub \u015bmierci.<\/p>\n<p>Pora. Widoczne o zmierzchu, noc\u0105, a szczeg\u00f3lnie o drugiej w nocy (ushimitsu-doki, \u201etrzecia godzina Wo\u0142u&#8221;).<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Kanonizacja kabuki i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powtarzaj\u0105cy si\u0119 element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> Botan-D\u014dr\u014d<\/h3>\n<p>Scena kabuki przekszta\u0142ci\u0142a narracje o Y\u016brei w ikoniczn\u0105 form\u0119 teatraln\u0105. Sztuki takie jak <em>Kaidan Botan D\u014dr\u014d<\/em> (Historia o duchach z piwoniami i lampionami, oparta na opowie\u015bci z Sangoku z XVII wieku) po raz pierwszy systematycznie inscenizowa\u0142y Y\u016brei jako dramatyczn\u0105 protagonistk\u0119, kt\u00f3rej prze\u015bladowanie z\u0142a przedstawione by\u0142o jako psychologicznie zrozumia\u0142e, a zarazem estetycznie wznios\u0142e.<\/p>\n<p>Ten gatunek <em>kaidan-mono<\/em> ustanowi\u0142 w p\u00f3\u017anym Edo i wczesnym kabuki Meiji archetyp: cierpi\u0105ca kobieta, kt\u00f3rej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> pojawia si\u0119 w jedwabiu i niebieskim \u015bwietle, by wydoby\u0107 prawd\u0119 na jaw.<\/p>\n<p>Choreografia wej\u015bcia Y\u016brei na scen\u0119 stosowa\u0142a retrograde sekwencje krok\u00f3w i spowolnione ruchy, by kodowa\u0107 nadnaturalno\u015b\u0107 w spos\u00f3b cielesny. Te innowacje kabuki wp\u0142yn\u0119\u0142y na p\u00f3\u017aniejszych autor\u00f3w i ustanowi\u0142y Y\u016brei jako centraln\u0105 posta\u0107 japo\u0144skiej estetyki horroru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Y\u016brei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Y\u016brei na pierwszy rzut oka.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst kulturowy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ludzkie duchy zmar\u0142ych z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, kt\u00f3rym odm\u00f3wiono nale\u017cytego wyzwolenia.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ofiary dzia\u0142ania Y\u016brei<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sprawcy krzywdy, ich rodziny, spadkobiercy; przypadkowi \u015bwiadkowie w danym miejscu; lekarze, osoby zajmuj\u0105ce si\u0119 poch\u00f3wkiem, kobiety w ci\u0105\u017cy w niestabilnych fazach.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ubrana na bia\u0142o, d\u0142ugow\u0142osa, blada, bez st\u00f3p; w towarzystwie p\u0142omieni hitodama.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Strach, choroba, szale\u0144stwo, wypadki; w przypadku onry\u014d \u015bmier\u0107 prze\u015bladowanych; w przypadku Ubume nocny p\u0142acz niemowl\u0119cia.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u015arodki ochronne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pe\u0142ne buddyjskie obrz\u0119dy pogrzebowe, recytacja sutr (Sutra Serca, Nenbutsu), zasi\u0119gni\u0119cie porady kap\u0142ana, wzniesienie ma\u0142ego przybytku (gory\u014d-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ca\u0142okszta\u0142t religijnych praktyk kultowych wobec b\u00f3stwa lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>), wyja\u015bnienie nierozwi\u0105zanej sprawy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoty pokrewne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Korea\u0144ski <strong>Gwishin<\/strong>, chi\u0144ski <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (zob. Gui); europejskie upiory i klasyczne <em>lemures<\/em>; <em>duchy \u0142ami\u0105ce \u015bluby<\/em> na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktyki ochronne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pe\u0142ne obrz\u0119dy pogrzebowe.<\/strong> Buddyjskie ceremonie pogrzebowe z recytacj\u0105 sutr, po\u015bmiertnymi imionami (kaimy\u014d) i corocznymi obrz\u0119dami upami\u0119tniaj\u0105cymi maj\u0105 zapobiega\u0107 temu, by zmar\u0142y sta\u0142 si\u0119 y\u016brei.<\/p>\n<p>Obon. Latem (zazwyczaj w po\u0142owie sierpnia) dusze zmar\u0142ych s\u0105 witane latarniami, oczyszcza si\u0119 groby, tradycyjnie wykonuje si\u0119 taniec Bon-Odori, a na koniec wyprawia si\u0119 dusze na tamten \u015bwiat za pomoc\u0105 p\u0142ywaj\u0105cych latarni na rzekach.<\/p>\n<p>Gory\u014d-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ca\u0142okszta\u0142t religijnych praktyk kultowych wobec b\u00f3stwa lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>. Szczeg\u00f3lnie pot\u0119\u017cne duchy zemsty historycznych os\u00f3b (Sugawara no Michizane, Taira no Masakado) s\u0105 czczone jako b\u00f3stwa w\u0142asnych przybytk\u00f3w, by je u\u015bmierzy\u0107 i przemieni\u0107 w moce ochronne.<\/p>\n<p>Wyja\u015bnienie sprawy. W wielu opowie\u015bciach y\u016brei znika, gdy tylko rozwi\u0105zany zostaje nierozstrzygni\u0119ty problem: zagubiony maj\u0105tek zostaje zwr\u00f3cony, dziecko zapewnione, morderca schwytany.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u016brei, analogie w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Korea.<\/strong> Gwishin, a zw\u0142aszcza duch dziewicy Cheonyeo-gwishin, wykazuj\u0105 silne strukturalne podobie\u0144stwo: bia\u0142e szaty \u017ca\u0142obne, d\u0142ugie czarne w\u0142osy, powr\u00f3t z powodu doznanej krzywdy.<\/p>\n<p>Chiny. Chi\u0144ski <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (zob. Gui) stanowi historyczny pierwowz\u00f3r s\u0142owny i podziela <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powtarzaj\u0105cy si\u0119 element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> powrotu niepogodzonych duch\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Europa. Bia\u0142a dama i powracaj\u0105ce ofiary morderstw z europejskich kr\u0119g\u00f3w sagowych s\u0105 typologicznie pokrewne; bezpo\u015brednia linia historyczna nie istnieje.<\/p>\n<p>Buddyzm og\u00f3lnie. W <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wyobra\u017cenie o budowie i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata w ramach danej kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span> preta duchy g\u0142odne stanowi\u0105 blisk\u0105 kategori\u0119 niespokojnych zmar\u0142ych (zob. Preta).<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rodzima religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span>-buddyjski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przenikanie si\u0119 wyobra\u017ce\u0144 lub b\u00f3stw z r\u00f3\u017cnych tradycji religijnych.\" tabindex=\"0\">synkretyzm<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><em>Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai<\/em> (Zgromadzenie stu historii nadnaturalnych), popularne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ustalony ci\u0105g symbolicznych czynno\u015bci o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytua\u0142<\/span> towarzyski okresu Edo, kanalizowa\u0142 narracje o Y\u016brei w ustrukturyzowany format spo\u0142eczny.<\/p>\n<p>Uczestnicy zapalali sto \u015bwiec i kolejno opowiadali nadnaturalne anegdoty; z ka\u017cd\u0105 histori\u0105 gaszono jedn\u0105 \u015bwiec\u0119, a nadnaturalny potencja\u0142 wedle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekonania i praktyki religijne rozpowszechnione w \u017cyciu codziennym.\" tabindex=\"0\">wierze\u0144 ludowych<\/span> wzrasta\u0142. Y\u016brei zajmowa\u0142y w tej przestrzeni recytacyjnej centralne miejsce, nie jako abstrakcyjne koncepty, lecz jako lokalnie znani, imiennie wskazani zmarli.<\/p>\n<p>Dowodzi to codziennej praktyki religijnej kryj\u0105cej si\u0119 za literackim archetypem. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Przenikanie si\u0119 element\u00f3w r\u00f3\u017cnych religii lub kult\u00f3w w nowe formy mieszane, np. w haita\u0144skim voodoo (lwa i katoliccy \u015bwi\u0119ci).\">Synkretyzm<\/span> mi\u0119dzy shintoistycznym kultem przodk\u00f3w a buddyjskimi koncepcjami przywi\u0105zania karmicznego strukturowa\u0142 teologiczne rozumienie Y\u016brei: nie by\u0142y ani czysto shintoistycznymi <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"W japo\u0144skim Shinto: czczone istoty duchowe i boskie moce.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em>, ani czysto buddyjskimi <em>preta<\/em>, lecz formacjami hybrydowymi na obszarach pogranicza.<\/p>\n<p>Lokalni kap\u0142ani <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rodzima religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span> (Miko) i buddyjscy mnisi przeprowadzali rytua\u0142y wyzwolenia integruj\u0105ce obie tradycje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28c7ad6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp28c7ad6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpafd90af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpafd90af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u016brei w kabuki i N\u014d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp04f8b3b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp04f8b3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp66d892f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp66d892f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Teatr japo\u0144ski przez stulecia kszta\u0142towa\u0142 obraz <em>Y\u016brei<\/em>. W teatrze <em>N\u014d<\/em> grupa sztuk o duchach, <em>mugen-n\u014d<\/em>, tworzy odr\u0119bny typ strukturalny: w\u0119drowny mnich spotyka pozornie niepozorn\u0105 osob\u0119, kt\u00f3ra w trakcie sztuki objawia si\u0119 jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> zmar\u0142ego.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">Duch<\/span> opowiada o swoim nierozwi\u0105zanym cierpieniu, cz\u0119sto nieodwzajemnionej mi\u0142o\u015bci, gwa\u0142townej \u015bmierci lub winie, i dzi\u0119ki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u0142owne zwr\u00f3cenie si\u0119 cz\u0142owieka do b\u00f3stwa.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitwie<\/span> mnicha znajduje ostatecznie spok\u00f3j. Ta dramaturgia przenosi na scen\u0119 religijne wyobra\u017cenie fundamentalne: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> pozostaje zwi\u0105zany ze \u015bwiatem, dop\u00f3ki trzyma go przywi\u0105zanie, i mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 wyzwolony jedynie przez po\u015brednictwo rytualne.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Teatr <em>Kabuki<\/em> okresu Edo rozwin\u0105\u0142 z tego popularniejszy, bardziej dosadny gatunek, sztuk\u0119 <em>kaidan<\/em>. S\u0142aw\u0119 zdoby\u0142 Tsuruya Nanboku IV. sztuk\u0105 <em>T\u014dkaid\u014d Yotsuya Kaidan<\/em> z 1825 roku, histori\u0105 Oiwy, kt\u00f3r\u0105 trucizn\u0105 zabija m\u0105\u017c, a kt\u00f3ra powraca jako oszpecony duch zemsty. Takie sztuki wykorzystywa\u0142y wyrafinowan\u0105 technik\u0119 sceniczn\u0105 do nag\u0142ych zjawisk i przemian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Konwencje ikonograficzne, kt\u00f3re dzi\u015b charakteryzuj\u0105 ka\u017cdy Y\u016brei, wywodz\u0105 si\u0119 zasadniczo z teatru i \u00f3wczesnej sztuki wizualnej: bia\u0142a szata pogrzebowa, d\u0142ugie rozczochrane czarne w\u0142osy, brak lub zwisaj\u0105ce nogi, bezw\u0142adnie zwisaj\u0105ce przed cia\u0142em d\u0142onie.<\/p>\n<p>Malarz Maruyama \u014ckyo jest w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci przez pokolenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekazie<\/span> historii sztuki wi\u0105zany z rozpowszechnieniem beznogiego wizerunku ducha w p\u00f3\u017anym XVIII wieku. Badania podkre\u015blaj\u0105, \u017ce ten dzi\u015b uchodz\u0105cy za typowo japo\u0144ski obraz ducha nie jest odwieczn\u0105 sta\u0142\u0105, lecz wzgl\u0119dnie now\u0105 formu\u0142\u0105 wizualn\u0105, ustandaryzowan\u0105 przez teatr i grafik\u0119.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22ceda3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22ceda3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d01a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3d01a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Onry\u014d: duch zemsty i jego religijne t\u0142o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8e79821 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8e79821\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0bd063e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0bd063e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Spo\u015br\u00f3d r\u00f3\u017cnych form Y\u016brei <em>onry\u014d<\/em>, gniewny duch zemsty, zajmuje szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 pozycj\u0119. Powstaje z cz\u0142owieka, kt\u00f3ry zgin\u0105\u0142 wskutek wielkiej krzywdy, z niespe\u0142nionym \u017calem lub gwa\u0142townie.<\/p>\n<p>Pozosta\u0142y \u017cal, po japo\u0144sku <em>urami<\/em>, wi\u0105\u017ce dusz\u0119 i popycha j\u0105 do zemsty na odpowiedzialnych lub, w najbardziej przera\u017caj\u0105cych przypadkach, do bezkierunkowej destrukcji.<\/p>\n<p>Wiara w takie duchy jest historycznie dobrze udokumentowana i mia\u0142a realne konsekwencje polityczne. Najbardziej znany przypadek to uczony i polityk Sugawara no Michizane, kt\u00f3ry zmar\u0142 na wygnaniu w 903 roku. Po jego \u015bmierci szereg nieszcz\u0119\u015b\u0107, \u015bmierci na dworze i uderze\u0144 pioruna zinterpretowano jako dzia\u0142anie jego rozgniewanego ducha.<\/p>\n<p>Dw\u00f3r pr\u00f3bowa\u0142 go u\u015bmierzy\u0107, rehabilituj\u0105c go, nadaj\u0105c mu rangi i ostatecznie czcz\u0105c jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w ramach religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwo<\/span> <em>Tenjin<\/em> w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ma\u0142y \u015bwi\u0119ty przybytek lub miejsce modlitwy.\" tabindex=\"0\">przybytku<\/span>. Ten proces, przemiana niebezpiecznego ducha w opieku\u0144cze <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w ramach religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwo<\/span> przez kult, stanowi kluczowy mechanizm japo\u0144skiej wiary w <em>gory\u014d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Z perspektywy religioznawczej uwidacznia si\u0119 tu logika le\u017c\u0105ca u podstaw wyobra\u017cenia o Y\u016brei w ca\u0142o\u015bci: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> nie jest z natury z\u0142y, lecz wyrazem nierozwi\u0105zanego stanu.<\/p>\n<p>W\u0142a\u015bciwa odpowied\u017a to nie walka, lecz przeb\u0142aganie: przez buddyjskie rytua\u0142y pogrzebowe, kult przybytku lub retrospektywne naprawienie krzywdy. To wyobra\u017cenie \u015bci\u015ble \u0142\u0105czy Y\u016brei z buddyjsk\u0105 nauk\u0105 o przywi\u0105zaniu i rdzennym rozumieniem rytualnej czysto\u015bci i nieczysto\u015bci.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a115ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8a115ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2dad95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa2dad95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u016brei w nowoczesnym horrorze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp046010a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp046010a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp722d670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp722d670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wyobra\u017cenie Y\u016brei jest jedn\u0105 z nielicznych tradycyjnych postaci duch\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re w XX i XXI wieku nie tylko przetrwa\u0142y, lecz zyska\u0142y zasi\u0119g \u015bwiatowy. Punktem wyj\u015bcia by\u0142 japo\u0144ski przemys\u0142 filmowy. Ju\u017c filmy powojenne si\u0119ga\u0142y po klasyczne tematy <em>kaidan<\/em>, a Kobayashi Masaki w 1964 roku nakr\u0119ci\u0142 <em>Kwaidan<\/em>, zbi\u00f3r takich opowie\u015bci o duchach oparty na zapisach Lafcadio Hearna.<\/p>\n<p>Decyduj\u0105cy prze\u0142om mi\u0119dzynarodowy nast\u0105pi\u0142 wraz z kinem grozy p\u00f3\u017anych lat 90. Filmy takie jak <em>Ringu<\/em> Nakaty Hidea z 1998 roku oraz seria <em>Ju-on<\/em> Shimizu Takashiego ustanowi\u0142y typ ducha przejmuj\u0105cego klasyczn\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o tre\u015bciach obraz\u00f3w i ich znaczeniu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografi\u0119<\/span> Y\u016brei i osadzaj\u0105cego j\u0105 we wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnym kontek\u015bcie codziennym.<\/p>\n<p>Blada kobieta-duch zemsty z d\u0142ugimi czarnymi w\u0142osami, poruszaj\u0105ca si\u0119 szarpanie i nienaturalnie, sta\u0142a si\u0119 globalnie rozpoznawalnym obrazem. Ameryka\u0144skie remake&#8217;i z pocz\u0105tku lat 2000. rozpowszechni\u0142y ten j\u0119zyk obraz\u00f3w dalej.<\/p>\n<p>Z perspektywy religioznawczej godne uwagi jest to, ile z tradycyjnej logiki zachowa\u0142o si\u0119 w tych nowoczesnych adaptacjach. Duch filmowy najcz\u0119\u015bciej te\u017c powstaje z gwa\u0142townej \u015bmierci i nierozwi\u0105zanej krzywdy, te\u017c jest zwi\u0105zany z miejscem, przedmiotem lub medium, te\u017c jego dzia\u0142anie pod\u0105\u017ca wzorem rozszerzaj\u0105cego si\u0119 przekle\u0144stwa.<\/p>\n<p>Zmieni\u0142 si\u0119 kontekst: w miejsce buddyjskiego mnicha, kt\u00f3ry wyzwala <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span>, pojawia si\u0119 cz\u0119sto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 zdolno\u015b\u0107 oddzia\u0142ywania na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, kt\u00f3rego w og\u00f3le nie mo\u017cna wyzwoli\u0107.<\/p>\n<p>Nowoczesny horror wielokrotnie wymaza\u0142 pocieszaj\u0105cy wymiar tradycji, rytualn\u0105 rozwi\u0105zywalno\u015b\u0107 konfliktu, pozostawiaj\u0105c jedynie zagro\u017cenie. W\u0142a\u015bnie to por\u00f3wnanie uwidacznia, czemu tradycyjne wyobra\u017cenie faktycznie s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142o.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odno\u015bniki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Polecane linki wewn\u0119trzne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Strona kulturowa <strong>Japonia<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Kolejne profile z Japonii: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/\">Oni<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/tengu\/\">Tengu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/kappa\/\">Kappa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yuki-onna\/\">Yuki-onna<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Analogie: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gwishin\/\">Gwishin<\/a> (Korea), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/cheonyeo-gwishin\/\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a> (Chiny), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/preta\/\">Preta<\/a> (buddyzm).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (wyb\u00f3r)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p>Zwi\u0119z\u0142y wyb\u00f3r kluczowych prac po\u015bwi\u0119conych Y\u016brei:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Iwasaka, Michiko \/ Toelken, Barre: <em>Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experience in Japanese Death Legends.<\/em> Utah State University Press, Logan 1994.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Hearn, Lafcadio: <em>Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things.<\/em> Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1904.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Addiss, Stephen (Hrsg.): <em>Japanese Ghosts and Demons: Art of the Supernatural.<\/em> George Braziller, New York 1985.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/books\/the-book-of-yokai-expanded-second-edition\/paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Book of Y\u014dkai.<\/a><\/em> University of California Press, Berkeley 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Ueda Akinari: <em>Tales of Moonlight and Rain (Ugetsu Monogatari).<\/em> \u00dcbers. Anthony H. Chambers. Columbia University Press, New York 2007.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yuurei-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-yuurei-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-yuurei\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yuurei-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-yuurei-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Opisana tu praktyka ochronna stanowi naukowe om\u00f3wienie tradycji historycznych. iWell Guard nawi\u0105zuje do tej kulturowo-historycznej linii przeno\u015bnych przedmiot\u00f3w ochronnych i stanowi jej wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 form\u0119. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/o-iwell-guard-szczegoly-dotyczace-wisiorka-ochronnego\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Wi\u0119cej o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y\u016brei, duch japo\u0144skiej tradycji Y\u016brei jest duchem japo\u0144skiej tradycji. Y\u016brei to niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych, powracaj\u0105ce do \u017cywych z powodu nieza\u0142atwionych spraw. DuchJaponiaDuchy zmar\u0142ych Spis tre\u015bci Y\u016brei Y\u016brei (\u5e7d\u970a, \u201emroczna dusza&#8221;) to klasyczne duchy zmar\u0142ych Japonii. Od y\u014dkai r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 tym, \u017ce pochodz\u0105 ze sfery \u015bmierci i powracaj\u0105 do \u015bwiata ludzi, najcz\u0119\u015bciej z powodu nieza\u0142atwionych spraw: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8355,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Y\u016brei","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Y\u016brei, Duch japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[162,168,181,157],"class_list":["post-8354","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duchy","category-istoty-nocne","category-japonia","category-kultury"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Y\u016brei, Duch japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Y\u016brei\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-21T13:46:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/\",\"name\":\"Y\u016brei, Duch japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T13:17:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:46:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Duchy z japo\u0144skiej tradycji.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/strona-glowna\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Y\u016brei\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Y\u016brei\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T13:17:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:46:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2261,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/yurei\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Duchy\",\"Istoty nocne\",\"Japonia\",\"Kultury\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"description\":\"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Y\u016brei, Duch japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard","description":"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Y\u016brei","og_description":"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-06-21T13:46:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Szacowany czas czytania":"11 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Y\u016brei","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:15+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:46:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/"},"wordCount":2261,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp","articleSection":["Duchy","Istoty nocne","Japonia","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/","name":"Y\u016brei, Duch japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:15+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:46:10+00:00","description":"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Duchy z japo\u0144skiej tradycji."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/strona-glowna\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Y\u016brei"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Y\u016brei","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:15+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:46:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/"},"wordCount":2261,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yurei\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp","articleSection":["Duchy","Istoty nocne","Japonia","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Y\u016brei, niespokojne duchy zmar\u0142ych japo\u0144skiej tradycji, powracaj\u0105ce z nieza\u0142atwionymi sprawami, w bia\u0142ych szatach i z opadaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8354"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8354\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}