{"id":8344,"date":"2026-04-21T13:17:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/oni\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T13:44:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:44:51","slug":"oni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/","title":{"rendered":"Oni"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8344\" class=\"elementor elementor-8344 elementor-1325\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oni, demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Oni jest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota duchowa, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 szkodliwe lub niejednoznaczne dzia\u0142anie.\" tabindex=\"0\">demonem<\/span> japo\u0144skiej tradycji.<\/p><p>Wielkie, rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej.<\/p><h2 id=\"dif-oni\"><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uregulowana sekwencja symbolicznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">Rytua\u0142<\/span> Setsubun Oni<\/h2><p>Oni to <strong>wielkie rogate upiory<\/strong> buddyjsko nacechowanej religii ludowej Japonii. Ikonografia: czerwona lub niebieska sk\u00f3ra, jeden lub dwa <strong>rogi wo\u0142u<\/strong>, k\u0142y, przepaska na biodra z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry, \u017celazna maczuga (<em>kanab\u014d<\/em>). Na <strong>\u015bwi\u0119cie Setsubun<\/strong> (3 lutego, pocz\u0105tek wiosny wed\u0142ug starego kalendarza ksi\u0119\u017cycowego) rodziny wyrzucaj\u0105 pra\u017cone ziarna soi przez okna i krzycz\u0105: <em>Oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi<\/em> (\u201eOni precz, szcz\u0119\u015bcie wejd\u017a&#8221;).<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dzia\u0142anie regularnie powtarzane w danej spo\u0142eczno\u015bci na podstawie tradycji.\" tabindex=\"0\">Zwyczaj<\/span> oczyszcza dom na nowy rok. Funkcja Oni w buddyjskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonie<\/span> piekielnym: <strong>stra\u017cnicy Naraki<\/strong> w kr\u00f3lestwie piekielnym Yamy, karz\u0105 pot\u0119pionych maczug\u0105 i pi\u0142\u0105. Oni jako stali stra\u017cnicy bram <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca do oddawania czci jednej lub wielu bosko\u015bciom.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105ty\u0144<\/span>: <em>Aka-oni<\/em> (czerwony, po\u017c\u0105danie), <em>Ao-oni<\/em> (niebieski, nienawi\u015b\u0107). Pokrewne zwyczaje ludowe: ta\u0144ce Setsubun, pantomima Oni-no, rytua\u0142 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uregulowana sekwencja symbolicznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">Namahage<\/span> na p\u00f3\u0142wyspie Oga (Akita) na Nowy Rok. Ten demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji uosabia si\u0142y, przed kt\u00f3rymi ludowe rytua\u0142y maj\u0105 chroni\u0107 wsp\u00f3lnot\u0119.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Demon \/ Demoniczna istota: Nadprzyrodzona istota o przewa\u017cnie szkodliwym lub ambiwalentnym dzia\u0142aniu. Stoi mi\u0119dzy bogami a lud\u017ami, wywo\u0142uje choroby, pokusy lub nieszcz\u0119\u015bcia i jest odp\u0119dzana za pomoc\u0105 zakl\u0119\u0107, amulet\u00f3w i rytua\u0142\u00f3w.\">Demon<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/japonia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japo\u0144skie b\u00f3stwa Shinto Kami i buddyjsko-yokai'owe \u015bwiaty.\">Japonia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8336\" alt=\"Oni, demony z japo\u0144skiej tradycji, historyczno-ilustracyjne\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oni<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Oni (\u9b3c) nale\u017c\u0105 do najbardziej znanych postaci japo\u0144skiej demonologii. W typowym przedstawieniu s\u0105 wysokie, muskularne, rogate, z k\u0142ami oraz czerwon\u0105 lub niebiesk\u0105 sk\u00f3r\u0105. Zwykle nosz\u0105 przepask\u0119 z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry i przypominaj\u0105c\u0105 maczug\u0119 \u017celazn\u0105 lask\u0119 (<em>kanab\u014d<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Poj\u0119cie \u0142\u0105czy dwa odmienne nurty tradycji: starszy nurt zbli\u017cony do shint\u014d, w kt\u00f3rym oni pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 jako z\u0142owrogie istoty g\u00f3rskie i stra\u017cnicy umar\u0142ych, oraz nurt buddyjski, w kt\u00f3rym oni s\u0105 stra\u017cnikami piekie\u0142 Naraka pod s\u0119dzi\u0105 umar\u0142ych Enma-\u014d.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil skr\u00f3cony: Oni<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> upi\u00f3r, stra\u017cnik piekielny, duch g\u00f3rski<br \/>Pochodzenie: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wyobra\u017cenia i zwyczaje religijne szeroko rozpowszechnione w codziennym \u017cyciu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Wierzenia ludowe<\/span> i buddyjska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wyobra\u017cenie o budowie i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata w danej kulturze.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologia<\/span><br \/>Teksty: Konjaku Monogatarish\u016b, \u201eHonch\u014d Shinsenden&#8221; \u014ce no Masafusy, dramaty Noh (np. \u201eRash\u014dmon&#8221;)<br \/>Okres: Potwierdzony od IX w.; pe\u0142na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o tre\u015bciach obraz\u00f3w i ich znaczeniu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> ukszta\u0142towana w okresie Muromachi i Edo<br \/>Odp\u0119dzanie: rzucanie fasol\u0105 na Setsubun, drewno brzoskwiniowe, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u015awi\u0119ta sylaba lub formu\u0142a powtarzana w hinduizmie i buddyzmie.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> kr\u0119gos\u0142upowa<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klasyfikacja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 tekstowych<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najstarsze pisemne \u015bwiadectwa dotycz\u0105ce istot podobnych do oni pochodz\u0105 z VIII i IX wieku. Znak \u9b3c pochodzi z j\u0119zyka chi\u0144skiego i oznacza tam pierwotnie umar\u0142ych oraz ich duchy (<em>gu\u01d0<\/em>). W Japonii to znaczenie zlewa si\u0119 z rodzimymi wyobra\u017ceniami o istotach g\u00f3rskich i le\u015bnych.<\/p>\n<p>Mi\u0119dzy X a XIV wiekiem w literaturze setsuwa kszta\u0142tuje si\u0119 klasyczny profil narracyjny: oni jako ludo\u017cercze rozb\u00f3jnicy na g\u00f3rskich prze\u0142\u0119czach, napadaj\u0105cy na podr\u00f3\u017cnych, porywaj\u0105cy dzieci. W okresie Muromachi (XIV-XVI w.) zostaj\u0105 ikonograficznie utrwalone w ilustrowanych zwojach (<em>emaki<\/em>).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zasi\u0119g geograficzny<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Opowie\u015bci o Oni s\u0105 rozpowszechnione na ca\u0142ym japo\u0144skim archipelagu.<\/p>\n<p>Regionalne warianty istniej\u0105 szczeg\u00f3lnie w rejonach g\u00f3rskich Honsh\u016b, m.in. na g\u00f3rze \u014ce ko\u0142o Kioto, miejscu akcji <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywana opowie\u015b\u0107, cz\u0119sto z historycznym j\u0105drem i cudownymi elementami.\" tabindex=\"0\">legendy<\/span> o Shuten-d\u014dji, oraz na g\u00f3rze Suzuka w prefekturze Mie. W p\u00f3\u0142nocno-wschodnim regionie T\u014dhoku znany jest rytua\u0142 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uregulowana sekwencja symbolicznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">Namahage<\/span>, podczas kt\u00f3rego m\u0119\u017cczy\u017ani w maskach Oni odwiedzaj\u0105 domy na prze\u0142omie roku.<\/p>\n<p>Typowe miejsca spotka\u0144 z oni w literaturze to g\u00f3rskie prze\u0142\u0119cze, ruiny, opuszczone <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca do oddawania czci jednej lub wielu bosko\u015bciom.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynie<\/span> oraz strefy graniczne mi\u0119dzy osad\u0105 a dzik\u0105 przyrod\u0105.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wa\u017cnymi \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142ami tekstowymi s\u0105 Konjaku Monogatarish\u016b (XII w.), zawieraj\u0105ce liczne opowie\u015bci o Oni, oraz narracje <em>otogiz\u014dshi<\/em> z okresu Muromachi (m.in. \u201eShuten-d\u014dji&#8221;). Dla nurtu buddyjskiego istotne s\u0105 teksty dotycz\u0105ce Enma-\u014d i dziesi\u0119ciu s\u0119dzi\u00f3w piekielnych.<\/p>\n<p>Plastycznie oni s\u0105 uchwytni w maskach Noh serii <em>hannya<\/em> i <em>ja<\/em> oraz w ilustrowanych bestiary Y\u014dkai z okresu Edo. Toriyama Sekien kataloguje kilka wariant\u00f3w oni w swoich dzie\u0142ach (od 1776 r.).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poj\u0119cie <strong>\u9b3c (oni)<\/strong> \u0142\u0105czy kilka znacze\u0144: (1) wielki, rogaty upi\u00f3r, (2) duch umar\u0142ych, (3) stra\u017cnik piekielny, (4) w przeno\u015bni \u201eco\u015b niezwyk\u0142ego&#8221; lub \u201eokrutnie sprawny&#8221; (np. <em>shigoto no oni<\/em>, \u201epracoholik&#8221;).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Akaoni, czerwony Oni, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119puj\u0105cy wyobra\u017cenie lub znaczenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> gniewu.<\/li>\n<li>Aooni, niebieski Oni, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119puj\u0105cy wyobra\u017cenie lub znaczenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> zimna i smutku.<\/li>\n<li>Kimon, \u201enaro\u017cnik demon\u00f3w&#8221;, p\u00f3\u0142nocno-wschodnia strona \u015bwiata, z kt\u00f3rej przybywaj\u0105 Oni.<\/li>\n<li>Yaksha \/ yasha, buddyjskie postacie paralelne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Posta\u0107.<\/strong> Oni opisywane s\u0105 zazwyczaj jako wysokie lub olbrzymie, z muskularn\u0105 budow\u0105 cia\u0142a, jednym lub dwoma rogami, czerwon\u0105, niebiesk\u0105 lub niekiedy zielon\u0105 sk\u00f3r\u0105, ostrymi k\u0142ami i trzema palcami u ka\u017cdej r\u0119ki. Nosz\u0105 przepaski z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry, nawi\u0105zanie do p\u00f3\u0142nocno-wschodniej roli \u201ebramy tygrysa&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Wyposa\u017cenie. Typowym atrybutem jest \u017celazna laska (<em>kanab\u014d<\/em>). Powiedzenie \u201eoni ni kanab\u014d&#8221;, \u201eda\u0107 Oni \u017celazn\u0105 lask\u0119&#8221;, oznacza zwielokrotnienie i tak ju\u017c przemo\u017cnej si\u0142y.<\/p>\n<p>Zachowanie. Oni porywaj\u0105 ludzi, po\u017ceraj\u0105 dzieci, uprowadzaj\u0105 kobiety. W buddyjskiej scenerii piekielnej bij\u0105, rozrywaj\u0105 i gotuj\u0105 grzesznik\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Oni<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Oni w skr\u00f3cie. Informacje pog\u0142\u0119biaj\u0105 i uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105 poprzednie rozdzia\u0142y.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pochodzenie Oni<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wierzenia ludowe i buddyjska kosmologia piekielna; ikonograficznie powi\u0105zane z p\u00f3\u0142nocno-wschodni\u0105 stron\u0105 \u015bwiata (kimon), kt\u00f3ra w architekturze dworskiej epoki Heian uchodzi\u0142a za \u201ebram\u0119 demon\u00f3w&#8221; i by\u0142a chroniona przez odpowiednie rozwi\u0105zania budowlane. Najstarsze pisemne \u015blady si\u0119gaj\u0105 VIII wieku, a plastyczny typ z rogami i przepask\u0105 z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry utrwala si\u0119 dopiero w \u015bredniowieczu pod wp\u0142ywem szko\u0142y Tendai.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adresaci<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podr\u00f3\u017cni w g\u00f3rach, mieszka\u0144cy odludnych gospodarstw, dzieci po zmroku; w nurcie buddyjskim umarli poddawani pr\u00f3bie za\u015bwiatowej.<\/p>\n<p>Opowie\u015bci ludowe przestrzegaj\u0105 szczeg\u00f3lnie przed rozstajami dr\u00f3g, przycz\u00f3\u0142kami most\u00f3w i \u201egodzin\u0105 wo\u0142u&#8221; (oko\u0142o drugiej w nocy), w kt\u00f3rej Oni ma \u0142atwiejszy dost\u0119p do \u015bwiata ludzi. W kazaniach \u015bwi\u0105tynnych Oni bywa\u0142o te\u017c przedstawiane jako ostrzegawcza posta\u0107 dla \u017cywych.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wygl\u0105d<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wielkie, rogate, z k\u0142ami i przepask\u0105 z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry; ubarwione na czerwono lub niebiesko, niekiedy tak\u017ce na czarno lub zielono.<\/p>\n<p>Jako atrybut Oni zazwyczaj dzier\u017cy \u017celazn\u0105 maczug\u0119 (kanab\u014d), kt\u00f3rej kolczasty \u0142eb w przys\u0142owiu \u201eda\u0107 Oni maczug\u0119&#8221; (\u201eoni ni kanab\u014d&#8221;) sta\u0142 si\u0119 uosobieniem si\u0142y, kt\u00f3ra jest ju\u017c i tak przemo\u017cna, a zostaje jeszcze wzmocniona. \u017be\u0144skie Oni (kijo) pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 w widowiskach N\u014d z d\u0142ugimi w\u0142osami i pojedynczym zaznaczeniem rogu na czole.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Porywanie ludzi, porywanie dzieci, akty przemocy; w piekle (jigoku) Oni dzia\u0142aj\u0105 jako oprawcy pod s\u0119dzi\u0105 Enm\u0105, kt\u00f3ry bada umar\u0142ych w lustrze prawdy. W mowie potocznej \u201eOni&#8221; pojawia si\u0119 metaforycznie tak\u017ce jako okre\u015blenie choroby, zarazy lub nag\u0142ego nieszcz\u0119\u015bcia; surowa, nieprzejednana osoba bywa przys\u0142owiowo zwana \u201eojcem-Oni&#8221; lub \u201enauczycielem-Oni&#8221;, bez wy\u0142\u0105cznie negatywnego warto\u015bciowania.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy odp\u0119dzania<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rzucanie fasol\u0105 na Setsubun (\u201eoni wa soto, fuku wa uchi&#8221;) w wigili\u0119 tradycyjnego pocz\u0105tku wiosny; pra\u017cone ziarna soi, kt\u00f3re rzuca si\u0119 w rodzinnym gronie na zamaskowanego cz\u0142onka rodziny, uwa\u017cane s\u0105 za skuteczne, gdy ich liczba odpowiada wiekowi osoby. Dodatkowe \u015brodki to drewno brzoskwiniowe, ga\u0142\u0105zki ostrokrzewu z nadzian\u0105 na nie g\u0142ow\u0105 sardynki (hiiragi-iwashi), buddyjskie sutry i recytacja formu\u0142 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Rytualnie powtarzana formu\u0142a sylabiczna lub s\u0142owna o transformatywnym dzia\u0142aniu; centralna w tradycjach indyjskich, na Zachodzie adaptowana jako praktyka decree.\">mantra<\/span>, zw\u0142aszcza Sutry Serca.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odpowiedniki<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chi\u0144skie <em>gu\u01d0<\/em>, korea\u0144skie <em>dokkaebi<\/em>; indyjskie <em>yaksha<\/em> i <em>rakshasa<\/em>; tybeta\u0144skie duchy-wojownicy <em>tsen<\/em>. Strukturalnie pokrewne s\u0105 ponadto mongolskie <em>ch\u00f6tg\u00f6r<\/em> oraz w zachodniej staro\u017cytno\u015bci <em>lamiae<\/em>; wszystkie \u0142\u0105czy motyw wrogiej cz\u0142owiekowi postaci granicznej, kt\u00f3r\u0105 nale\u017cy trzyma\u0107 z dala za pomoc\u0105 rytua\u0142u, ha\u0142asu lub \u017celaznych przedmiot\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktyka ochronna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Setsubun.<\/strong> Na prze\u0142omie zimy i wiosny pra\u017cone ziarna soi s\u0105 wyrzucane do wn\u0119trza mieszkania i przed drzwi z okrzykiem \u201eoni wa soto, fuku wa uchi&#8221;. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uregulowana sekwencja symbolicznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">Rytua\u0142<\/span> jest rozpowszechniony w ca\u0142ej Japonii i \u017cyje w \u015bwi\u0105tyniach i gospodarstwach domowych do dzi\u015b.<\/p>\n<p>Hiiragi-iwashi. Ga\u0142\u0105zka ostrokrzewu z nadzian\u0105 na ni\u0105 g\u0142ow\u0105 sma\u017conej sardynki umieszczana jest przy wej\u015bciu do domu, aby odp\u0119dzi\u0107 Oni; ostry zapach i k\u0142uj\u0105ce li\u015bcie uwa\u017cane s\u0105 za skuteczne.<\/p>\n<p>Drewno brzoskwiniowe. Wed\u0142ug mitu o Izanagi (Kojiki) praojciec przegoni\u0142 \u015bcigaj\u0105ce go istoty piekielne brzoskwiniami; drewno brzoskwiniowe jest od tej pory uwa\u017cane za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Odp\u0119dzaj\u0105cy nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie; symbole apotropaiczne (Pazuzu, Hamsa, Nazar) chroni\u0105 przed szkodliw\u0105 magi\u0105 i z\u0142ym okiem.\">apotropaiczne<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Namahage. W regionie Oga (Akita) rytua\u0142 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uregulowana sekwencja symbolicznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">Namahage<\/span> na Nowy Rok polega na tym, \u017ce m\u0119\u017cczy\u017ani w maskach Oni obchodz\u0105 domy, upominaj\u0105c leniwych domownik\u00f3w i dzieci, co stanowi ambiwalentne po\u0142\u0105czenie przestrachu i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Udzielanie b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwa i ochrony, cz\u0119sto w ustalonej formie j\u0119zykowej.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwa<\/span>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oni, paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Chiny.<\/strong> Znak pisma \u9b3c i podstawowe znaczenie \u201educh umar\u0142ych&#8221; pochodz\u0105 z j\u0119zyka chi\u0144skiego; zob. Gui na stronie po\u015bwi\u0119conej Chinom.<\/p>\n<p>Korea. Dokkaebi ma cechy wsp\u00f3lne z Oni, rogi, maczug\u0119, figlarn\u0105 natur\u0119; w okresie kolonialnym b\u0142\u0119dnie uto\u017csamiano go z Oni, jest jednak odr\u0119bn\u0105 postaci\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Indie\/Buddyzm. Yaksha i Rakshasa to wczesne wzorce <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o tre\u015bciach obraz\u00f3w i ich znaczeniu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografii<\/span> Oni; wraz z buddyzmem posta\u0107 ta w\u0119druje przez Chiny i Kore\u0119 do Japonii.<\/p>\n<p>Europa. Ogry i trolle \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 z Oni wielko\u015b\u0107 i zwi\u0105zek z dzik\u0105 przyrod\u0105; bezpo\u015brednie historyczne powi\u0105zanie nie istnieje.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2cad04 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc2cad04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb6fc89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdb6fc89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Setsubun: \u015awi\u0119to wyp\u0119dzania demon\u00f3w<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp84ae26d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp84ae26d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb4bbc96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb4bbc96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najbardziej znana rytualna praktyka zwi\u0105zana z Oni we wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej Japonii to \u015bwi\u0119to <em>Setsubun<\/em>, obchodzone w wigili\u0119 kalendarzowego pocz\u0105tku wiosny na pocz\u0105tku lutego. W centrum uwagi stoi rzucanie fasol\u0105, <em>mamemaki<\/em>, podczas kt\u00f3rego pra\u017cone ziarna soi s\u0105 wyrzucane przez dom i drzwi z okrzykiem <em>Oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi<\/em> (Oni precz, szcz\u0119\u015bcie wejd\u017a).<\/p>\n<p>W wielu domach jeden z cz\u0142onk\u00f3w rodziny, cz\u0119sto ojciec, przejmuje rol\u0119 Oni i zak\u0142ada mask\u0119, podczas gdy pozostali rzucaj\u0105 fasol\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>W \u015bwi\u0105tyniach i sanktuariach odbywaj\u0105 si\u0119 publiczne ceremonie, podczas kt\u00f3rych niekiedy znane osobisto\u015bci rzucaj\u0105 fasol\u0119 w t\u0142um. W niekt\u00f3rych miejscach spo\u017cywa si\u0119 tyle ziaren, ile liczy si\u0119 lat \u017cycia, plus jedno na nadchodz\u0105cy rok.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dzia\u0142anie regularnie powtarzane w danej spo\u0142eczno\u015bci na podstawie tradycji.\" tabindex=\"0\">Zwyczaj<\/span> wywodzi si\u0119 ze starszych obrz\u0119d\u00f3w odp\u0119dzania z\u0142a zwi\u0105zanych z prze\u0142omem roku. Poprzednia ceremonia, <em>tsuina<\/em> lub <em>oniyarai<\/em>, po\u015bwiadczona jest ju\u017c dla dworu epoki Heian i sama czerpie z chi\u0144skich wzorc\u00f3w wyp\u0119dzania duch\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka badaj\u0105ca religie por\u00f3wnawczo i bez zobowi\u0105zania do wiary.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religioznawstwo<\/span> postrzega Setsubun jako typowy rytua\u0142 przej\u015bcia, kt\u00f3ry pozwala opanowa\u0107 niebezpieczne przej\u015bcie ze starego roku do nowego przez symboliczne oczyszczenie i wygnanie z\u0142a. Fasola jako \u015brodek rzucania jest r\u00f3\u017cnie interpretowana, m.in. przez gr\u0119 s\u0142\u00f3w z poj\u0119ciem okre\u015blaj\u0105cym oko demona.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc204a6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc204a6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe931756 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe931756\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oni w buddyjskich wyobra\u017ceniach piekielnych<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4eec21c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4eec21c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8471f11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8471f11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Istotna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 wyobra\u017ce\u0144 o Oni wywodzi si\u0119 z buddyjskiego obrazu piekie\u0142, kt\u00f3ry trafi\u0142 do Japonii z Chin i Korei wraz z religi\u0105. W piek\u0142ach, po japo\u0144sku <em>jigoku<\/em>, Oni s\u0105 dr\u0119czycielami i stra\u017cnikami, kt\u00f3rzy torturuj\u0105 pot\u0119pionych zgodnie z poleceniami s\u0119dziego umar\u0142ych Enmy.<\/p>\n<p>Szczeg\u00f3lnie znane s\u0105 dwa typy piekielnych Oni. Jeden, <em>gozu<\/em>, ma g\u0142ow\u0119 bydl\u0119cia, drugi, <em>mezu<\/em>, g\u0142ow\u0119 konia.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0119dz\u0105 grzesznik\u00f3w \u017celaznymi maczugami, gotuj\u0105 ich w kot\u0142ach lub zmuszaj\u0105 do wspinaczki na g\u00f3ry z ostrzy. Te wyobra\u017cenia upowszechni\u0142y si\u0119 w Japonii za po\u015brednictwem \u015bredniowiecznych zwoj\u00f3w piekielnych, <em>jigoku zoshi<\/em>, oraz kaza\u0144 i malowide\u0142 \u015bwi\u0105tynnych.<\/p>\n<p>Cechy ikonograficzne uwa\u017cane dzi\u015b za typowe dla Oni wywodz\u0105 si\u0119 cz\u0119\u015bciowo z tych buddyjskich wzorc\u00f3w: czerwona lub niebieska sk\u00f3ra, rogi, k\u0142y, \u017celazna maczuga (<em>kanabo<\/em>), przepaska z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry.<\/p>\n<p>Badacze wskazuj\u0105, \u017ce japo\u0144skie wyobra\u017cenia o Oni nap\u0142yn\u0119\u0142y z kilku \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142: obok buddyjskiego stra\u017cnika piekielnego, z rodzimych wyobra\u017ce\u0144 o istotach g\u00f3rskich i przynosz\u0105cych zaraz\u0119, a tak\u017ce z chi\u0144skich poj\u0119\u0107 okre\u015blaj\u0105cych <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota bezcielesna, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> i ducha umar\u0142ych. Znak pisma okre\u015blaj\u0105cy Oni oznacza w j\u0119zyku chi\u0144skim pierwotnie ducha umar\u0142ego, co dodatkowo komplikuje przesuni\u0119cie znaczeniowe w kontek\u015bcie japo\u0144skim.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8466c50 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8466c50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp18daabe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp18daabe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Momotaro i Oni w narracji i teatrze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e87e4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e87e4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf681d3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf681d3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Oni s\u0105 g\u0142\u0119boko zakorzenione w japo\u0144skiej tradycji narracyjnej. Najbardziej znana historia to ba\u015b\u0144 o <em>Momotaro<\/em>, ch\u0142opcu z brzoskwini, kt\u00f3ry rodzi si\u0119 z brzoskwini, wyrusza na wysp\u0119 Oni, <em>Onigashima<\/em>, w towarzystwie psa, ma\u0142py i ba\u017canta i pokonuje zamieszkuj\u0105ce tam demony, przywo\u017c\u0105c ich skarby do domu.<\/p>\n<p>Opowie\u015b\u0107 zyska\u0142a szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 popularno\u015b\u0107 w epoce Edo i w XX wieku by\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c instrumentalizowana politycznie.<\/p>\n<p>W teatrze klasycznym Oni pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 regularnie. W teatrze <em>Noh<\/em> istnieje w\u0142asna kategoria sztuk z demonicznymi istotami, a okre\u015blone maski przedstawiaj\u0105 Oni lub ludzi przemienionych w demony.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0142awne jest dzie\u0142o <em>Momijigari<\/em>, w kt\u00f3rym pi\u0119kna kobieta okazuje si\u0119 g\u00f3rskim demonem. Przemiana zazdrosnej lub zranionej kobiety w Oni to osobny, cz\u0119sty <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powtarzaj\u0105cy si\u0119 element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span>, kt\u00f3ry znalaz\u0142 sw\u00f3j ikoniczny wyraz w masce <em>hannya<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Inna znana tradycja narracyjna skupia si\u0119 wok\u00f3\u0142 <em>Shuten-doji<\/em>, przyw\u00f3dcy Oni, kt\u00f3ry napada\u0142 na stolic\u0119 z g\u00f3ry Oe i zosta\u0142 zabity przez bohatera Minamoto no Yorimitsu i jego towarzyszy.<\/p>\n<p>Ta historia jest przekazana w \u015bredniowiecznych zwojach ilustrowanych i tekstach. Badacze dostrzegaj\u0105 w takich opowie\u015bciach cz\u0119sto r\u00f3wnie\u017c przetworzenie historycznych konflikt\u00f3w, np. podporz\u0105dkowania grup marginalnych lub buntownik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy zostali literacko przedstawieni jako demony.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odno\u015bniki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Polecane linki wewn\u0119trzne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Strona kultury <strong>Japonia<\/strong> (przegl\u0105d japo\u0144skiej demonologii).<\/li>\n<li>Kolejne profile indywidualne Japonii: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/tengu\/\">Tengu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/kappa\/\">Kappa<\/a>, Y\u016brei, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yuki-onna\/\">Yuki-onna<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Paralele: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a> (Chiny), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/dokkaebi\/\">Dokkaebi<\/a> (Korea), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/straznicy-naraki\/\">stra\u017cnicy Naraki<\/a> (Buddyzm).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura badawcza<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p>Zwi\u0119z\u0142y wyb\u00f3r kluczowych prac dotycz\u0105cych Oni i japo\u0144skiej demonologii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em>M0<\/em> University of California Press, Berkeley 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Komatsu Kazuhiko: <em>M1<\/em> Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture, Tokyo 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Reider, Noriko T.: <em>M2<\/em> Utah State University Press, Logan 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Toriyama Sekien: <em>Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien.<\/em> \u00dcbers. Hiroko Yoda &#038; Matt Alt. Dover, Mineola 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japanischer Folklorist (1875-1962); Begr\u00fcnder der modernen japanischen Folkloristik.\">Yanagita Kunio<\/span>: <em>M3<\/em> \u00dcbers. Ronald A. Morse. Lexington Books, Lanham 2008 (erw. Ausgabe).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-oni-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-oni-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-oni\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-oni-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-oni-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\">\n<p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Opisana tu praktyka ochronna stanowi religioznawcz\u0105 klasyfikacj\u0119 historycznych tradycji. iWell Guard nawi\u0105zuje do tej kulturowo-historycznej linii przeno\u015bnych przedmiot\u00f3w ochronnych i jest jej wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 form\u0105. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/o-iwell-guard-szczegoly-dotyczace-wisiorka-ochronnego\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Wi\u0119cej o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oni, demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji Oni jest demonem japo\u0144skiej tradycji. Wielkie, rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Rytua\u0142 Setsubun Oni Oni to wielkie rogate upiory buddyjsko nacechowanej religii ludowej Japonii. Ikonografia: czerwona lub niebieska sk\u00f3ra, jeden lub dwa rogi wo\u0142u, k\u0142y, przepaska na biodra z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry, \u017celazna maczuga (kanab\u014d). Na \u015bwi\u0119cie Setsubun (3 lutego, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8336,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Oni Yokai rogaty demon","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Oni, demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[158,181,157],"class_list":["post-8344","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-demony","category-japonia","category-kultury"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Oni, demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oni\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-21T13:44:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/\",\"name\":\"Oni, demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T13:17:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:44:51+00:00\",\"description\":\"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Demony z japo\u0144skiej tradycji.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/strona-glowna\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Oni\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Oni\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T13:17:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:44:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2223,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/oni\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Demony\",\"Japonia\",\"Kultury\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"description\":\"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Oni, demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard","description":"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Oni","og_description":"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-06-21T13:44:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Szacowany czas czytania":"11 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Oni","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:10+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:44:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/"},"wordCount":2223,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp","articleSection":["Demony","Japonia","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/","name":"Oni, demon japo\u0144skiej tradycji | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:10+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:44:51+00:00","description":"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Demony z japo\u0144skiej tradycji."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/strona-glowna\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Oni"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Oni","datePublished":"2026-04-21T13:17:10+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:44:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/"},"wordCount":2223,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/oni\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_japan_oni.webp","articleSection":["Demony","Japonia","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Oni, wielkie i rogate upiory japo\u0144skiej tradycji ludowej i piekielnej. Wyp\u0119dzanie na Setsubun i rola stra\u017cnik\u00f3w Jigoku."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8344"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8344\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}