{"id":8059,"date":"2026-04-21T12:21:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T12:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gui\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T13:41:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:41:27","slug":"gui","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/","title":{"rendered":"Gui"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8059\" class=\"elementor elementor-8059 elementor-1212\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gui, duchy zmar\u0142ych i ich rodzaje w chi\u0144skiej tradycji<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gui jest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span> chi\u0144skiej tradycji.<\/p><p><strong>R\u00f3\u017cnorodny chi\u0144ski \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w \u2013 od przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bcicieli.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-gui\">Gui w chi\u0144skim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kult zmar\u0142ych cz\u0142onk\u00f3w rodziny jako trwale dzia\u0142aj\u0105cych si\u0142 ochronnych.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulcie przodk\u00f3w<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gui (\u9b3c) oznacza w klasycznych chi\u0144skich wierzeniach ludowych przede wszystkim <strong>ducha przodka<\/strong>, nie\u015bmierteln\u0105 dusz\u0119 zmar\u0142ego, kt\u00f3ra nadal istnieje po \u015bmierci. W systemie konfucja\u0144skim wyr\u00f3\u017cnia si\u0119 dwa sk\u0142adniki duszy: <strong>hun<\/strong> (niebia\u0144ska, lekka dusza, unosz\u0105ca si\u0119 ku g\u00f3rze) oraz <strong>po<\/strong> (ziemska, ci\u0119\u017cka dusza, pozostaj\u0105ca w grobie).<\/p><p>Gdy dusza po jest niezr\u00f3wnowa\u017cona \u2013 na przyk\u0142ad wskutek \u015bmierci bez poch\u00f3wku, braku ofiar lub zaniedbania powinno\u015bci pietystycznych \u2013 staje si\u0119 <strong>niespokojnym Gui<\/strong>. Najwa\u017cniejsze rytua\u0142y przeb\u0142agania: <strong>\u015awi\u0119to Qingming<\/strong> (Qingming, 4.\/5. kwietnia), <strong>\u015awi\u0119to Zhongyuan<\/strong> (\u015awi\u0119to G\u0142odnych Duch\u00f3w, si\u00f3dmy miesi\u0105c ksi\u0119\u017cycowy), piel\u0119gnacja tablicy przodk\u00f3w w \u015bwi\u0105tyni rodzinnej.<\/p><p>Interpretacja taoistyczna rozszerza ten schemat o hierarchie duch\u00f3w: <em>Tu-di Gui<\/em> (duchy lokalne), <em>Shan-Gui<\/em> (duchy g\u00f3rskie), <em>Shui-Gui<\/em> (duchy wodne). Pokrewne postacie: <em>Jiangshi<\/em> (skacz\u0105ce zw\u0142oki), <em>Diao-si Gui<\/em> (duch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">powieszonych<\/span>).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Bezcielesna lub p\u00f3\u0142cielesna istota \u2013 zmar\u0142y, istota przyrody, duch domowy lub stra\u017cnik progu. Dzia\u0142a w \u017cyciu codziennym, cz\u0119sto zwi\u0105zany z miejscem lub rodzin\u0105.\">duch<\/span><a href=\"\/pl\/chiny\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Chi\u0144ska religia bog\u00f3w, duch\u00f3w i ludowa, taoistyczna, buddyjska, konfucja\u0144ska.\">Chiny<\/a><a href=\"\/pl\/duchy-zmarlych\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zmarli, kt\u00f3rych duchy nadal oddzia\u0142uj\u0105 w tym \u015bwiecie, duchy domowe, przodkowie, niespokojni zmarli.\">duch zmar\u0142ych<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8060\" alt=\"Gui - duchy z tradycji chi\u0144skiej, ilustracja historyczna\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gui (\u9b3c) jest podstawowym poj\u0119ciem chi\u0144skiej demonologii. Znak pisma przedstawia pierwotnie g\u0142ow\u0119 z powiewaj\u0105cymi w\u0142osami \u2013 dusz\u0119 zmar\u0142ego.<\/p><p>Poj\u0119cie jest szerokie: obejmuje duchy przodk\u00f3w (kt\u00f3re s\u0105 \u017cyczliwe przy w\u0142a\u015bciwym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ustalona, powtarzaj\u0105ca si\u0119 czynno\u015b\u0107 religijna.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytuale<\/span>), niespokojnych zmar\u0142ych (nawiedzaj\u0105cych \u017cywych), m\u015bciwe dusze oraz liczne podkategorie. Zgodnie z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wyobra\u017cenie o budowie i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata w obr\u0119bie danej kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologi\u0105<\/span> yin-yang Gui nale\u017cy do sfery yin \u2013 zimnej, ciemnej, \u017ce\u0144skiej, zwi\u0105zanej ze \u015bmierci\u0105 \u2013 i potrzebuje rytualnej r\u00f3wnowagi z yang \u017cywych.<\/p><p>Klasyczna literatura zna wiele typ\u00f3w. <em>N\u00fcgui<\/em> (\u5973\u9b3c) jako \u017ce\u0144ski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> jest szczeg\u00f3lnie prominentny w opowie\u015bciach ludowych i operze: pi\u0119kna m\u0142oda kobieta, kt\u00f3ra powraca z \u017calu lub dla zemsty. <em>Shui Gui<\/em> (\u6c34\u9b3c) to duch utopionego, <em>Diao Si Gui<\/em> (\u540a\u6b7b\u9b3c) \u2013 duch powieszonego.<\/p><p>Arcydzie\u0142o Pu Songlinga <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> (XVII w.) zawiera setki opowiada\u0144 o Gui i ukszta\u0142towa\u0142o nowoczesny obraz tej postaci \u2013 zw\u0142aszcza motyw 'Gui jako tragicznych kochank\u00f3w&#8217;, w kt\u00f3rym \u017cywi i martwi trwaj\u0105 w z\u0142o\u017conych zwi\u0105zkach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00f3tki profil: Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Og\u00f3lne poj\u0119cie na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span>\/<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchowa istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 szkodliwe lub dwuznaczne dzia\u0142anie.\" tabindex=\"0\">demona<\/span><br>Pochodzenie: dusze zmar\u0142ych, zw\u0142aszcza nieodkupionych<br>Podtypy: N\u00fcgui (\u017ce\u0144ski), Shui Gui (utopiony), Diao Si Gui (powieszony) i wiele innych<br>Teksty: ko\u015bci wyroczni dynastii Shang, Zuozhuan, Sou Shen Ji, Liaozhai Zhiyi<br>Okres: od czas\u00f3w przed imperialnych do wsp\u00f3\u0142czesno\u015bci<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres tekst\u00f3w<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Ko\u015bci wyroczni dynastii Shang (ok. 1600 r. p.n.e.) z wczesnymi wezwaniami Gui. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korea\u0144skie poj\u0119cie g\u0142\u0119boko zakorzenionego, skumulowanego smutku i nierozwi\u0105zanej niesprawiedliwo\u015bci; stanowi klasyczny motyw nap\u0119dzaj\u0105cy cheonyeo-gwishin.\">Han<\/span>-czasowe teksty (<em>Shujing<\/em>, <em>Liji<\/em>) systematyzuj\u0105. Literatura cud\u00f3w z okresu Tang (<em>Sou Shen Ji<\/em>, IV w.) z bogatymi opowiadaniami o Gui. Liaozhai Zhiyi z okresu Qing (XVII w.) jako literacki szczyt. Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesny przemys\u0142 filmowy i literatura kontynuuj\u0105 t\u0119 tradycj\u0119.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obszar rozpowszechnienia<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korea\u0144skie poj\u0119cie g\u0142\u0119boko zakorzenionego, skumulowanego smutku i nierozwi\u0105zanej niesprawiedliwo\u015bci; nap\u0119dza motyw cheonyeo-gwishin.\">Han<\/span>-chi\u0144ski obszar rdzennych tradycji. Wraz z diaspor\u0105 \u2013 zasi\u0119g \u015bwiatowy (Tajwan, Hongkong, Azja Po\u0142udniowo-Wschodnia, Ameryka P\u00f3\u0142nocna, Europa). Zr\u00f3\u017cnicowanie regionalne: tradycje po\u0142udniowochi\u0144skie (Hongkong, Singapur) szczeg\u00f3lnie bogate w wierzenia o Gui; mniejszo\u015bci (Hui, Miao) z w\u0142asnymi wariantami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ko\u015bci wyroczni dynastii Shang, klasyczne teksty konfucja\u0144skie (<em>Liji<\/em>, <em>Zuozhuan<\/em>), taoistyczne teksty <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rytualne wyp\u0119dzenie ducha lub demona uznanego za szkodliwego.\" tabindex=\"0\">egzorcystyczne<\/span> (Daozang), Ganbao <em>Sou Shen Ji<\/em>, Pu Songlinga <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em>, Yuan Meia <em>Zi Bu Yu<\/em>, wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka badaj\u0105ca kultur\u0119 codzienn\u0105, obyczaje i przekazywane wyobra\u017cenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklorystyka<\/span> i film.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i warianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Chi\u0144ski:<\/strong> \u9b3c (<em>gu\u01d0<\/em>).<br>Podtypy: <em>n\u00fcgui<\/em> \u5973\u9b3c (\u017ce\u0144ski), <em>nangui<\/em> \u7537\u9b3c (m\u0119ski), <em>shui gui<\/em> \u6c34\u9b3c (utopiony), <em>diao si gui<\/em> \u540a\u6b7b\u9b3c (powieszony), <em>yuan gui<\/em> \u51a4\u9b3c (niesprawiedliwie zmarli), <em>e gui<\/em> \u9913\u9b3c (duch g\u0142odu, zob. osobna strona).<br>Etymologia: piktogram; na ko\u015bciach wyroczni dynastii Shang ju\u017c w formie powiewaj\u0105cych w\u0142os\u00f3w na g\u0142owie.<br>Japo\u0144ski: <em>Oni<\/em> (cz\u0119\u015bciowo przej\u0119te), <em>Y\u016brei<\/em> jako odpowiednik Gui.<\/p><p>Zr\u00f3\u017cnicowanie regionalne jest ogromne. Wierzenia ludowe Hongkongu znaj\u0105 m.in. <em>jiandie gui<\/em> (ducha szpiega), <em>zanpu gui<\/em> (ducha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">rzezi<\/span>) i wiele innych. Tradycje tajwa\u0144skie maj\u0105 w\u0142asne klasy. Jedno\u015b\u0107 le\u017cy w podstawowym poj\u0119ciu, r\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015b\u0107 \u2013 w konkretnych postaciach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakterystyka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wygl\u0105d<\/strong><\/p><p>Najcz\u0119\u015bciej cienisty lub przezroczysty. N\u00fcgui jako pi\u0119kna m\u0142oda kobieta w bia\u0142ej szacie z d\u0142ugimi czarnymi w\u0142osami. Shui Gui jako opuchni\u0119te, mokre cia\u0142o. Diao Si Gui z sinoblesk\u0105 twarz\u0105 i zwisaj\u0105cym j\u0119zykiem. Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna estetyka horroru kszta\u0142tuje t\u0119 tradycj\u0119 ikonograficzn\u0105 do dzi\u015b (filmy z serii Ring).<\/p><p><strong>Zachowanie<\/strong><\/p><p>Zale\u017cne od typu: duchy przodk\u00f3w przychodz\u0105 podczas \u015bwi\u0105t i oczekuj\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiar<\/span>; m\u015bciwe Yuan Gui szukaj\u0105 swoich morderc\u00f3w lub niemoralnych \u015bwiadk\u00f3w; Shui Gui pr\u00f3buj\u0105 topi\u0107 innych (by zdoby\u0107 zast\u0119pc\u0119 i samemu odrodzi\u0107 si\u0119 na nowo).<\/p><p><strong>Obszar dzia\u0142ania<\/strong><\/p><p>Miejsce \u015bmierci, rodzina zmar\u0142ego, miejsca nieczyste. Noc\u0105 i o godzinie duch\u00f3w. Aktywno\u015b\u0107 wzrasta rokrocznie podczas Miesi\u0105ca G\u0142odnych Duch\u00f3w (si\u00f3dmy miesi\u0105c ksi\u0119\u017cycowy). Na cmentarzach i przy spalarniach zawsze obecne.<\/p><p><strong>Klasyfikacja mitologiczna<\/strong><\/p><p>Gui nale\u017cy do sfery yin w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wyobra\u017cenie o budowie i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata w obr\u0119bie danej kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span>. W buddyjsko-taoistycznym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0141\u0105czenie element\u00f3w r\u00f3\u017cnych religii lub kult\u00f3w w nowe formy synkretyczne, jak np. w haita\u0144skim Vodou (Lwa i katoliccy \u015bwi\u0119ci).\">synkretyzmie<\/span> Gui to istoty w jednej z sze\u015bciu form egzystencji; w ramach konfucja\u0144skim s\u0105 przodkami wymagaj\u0105cymi w\u0142a\u015bciwej pieczy rytualnej (<em>li<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Gui w skr\u00f3cie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst kulturowy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dusze zmar\u0142ych, przodkowie lub nieodkupieni. Strona yin \u015bwiata. Obejmuj\u0105ce szeroki zakres \u2013 od \u017cyczliwych po gro\u017ane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adresaci<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rodziny zmar\u0142ych (przodkowie), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiary<\/span> morderstw (Yuan Gui), k\u0105pi\u0105cy si\u0119 w miejscach Shui Gui, ludzie w si\u00f3dmym miesi\u0105cu ksi\u0119\u017cycowym.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wygl\u0105d<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cienisty lub przezroczysty. N\u00fcgui z d\u0142ugimi czarnymi w\u0142osami, w bieli; Shui Gui opuchni\u0119ty i mokry; Diao Si Gui z sinoblesk\u0105 twarz\u0105 i zwisaj\u0105cym j\u0119zykiem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W zale\u017cno\u015bci od typu: nawiedzanie, zemsta, topienie, choroba, udr\u0119ka psychiczna. Duchy przodk\u00f3w \u2013 \u017cyczliwe przy w\u0142a\u015bciwej pieczy, gro\u017c\u0105ce przy zaniedbaniu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrona przed Gui<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ofiary dla <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">przodk\u00f3w<\/span> i rytua\u0142y rodzinne (Qingming, Hungry Ghost), taoistyczne talizmany fu, lustra bagua, miecze z drewna brzoskwiniowego, krew koguta, recytacja sutr lub tekst\u00f3w tao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odpowiedniki<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y\u016brei (Japonia), <a href=\"\/pl\/lemury\/\">Lemures<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pl\/upyr\/\">Upyr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pl\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a>, korea\u0144skie Gwishin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Post\u0119powanie w \u017cyciu codziennym<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rytua\u0142y przodk\u00f3w<\/strong><\/p><p>\u015awi\u0119to Qingming (kwiecie\u0144): odwiedziny grob\u00f3w, sk\u0142adanie ofiar z papierowych potraw i papierowych pieni\u0119dzy. Hungry Ghost Festival (si\u00f3dmy miesi\u0105c ksi\u0119\u017cycowy): <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiary<\/span> przed drzwiami wej\u015bciowymi, rytua\u0142y publiczne. Chi\u0144ski Nowy Rok z zaproszeniem przodk\u00f3w. Bez tych rytua\u0142\u00f3w przodkowie staj\u0105 si\u0119 Yuan Gui.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rytualne wyp\u0119dzenie ducha lub demona uznanego za szkodliwego.\" tabindex=\"0\">Egzorcyzm<\/span> i odstraszanie<\/strong><\/p><p>Kap\u0142ani taoistyczni (<em>Daoshi<\/em>) z talizmanami <em>fu<\/em> na \u017c\u00f3\u0142tym papierze z czerwonym atramentem. Rytua\u0142y z mieczem z drewna brzoskwiniowego i dzwoneczkami. Kompas yin-yang (<em>luopan<\/em>) do wyznaczania niebezpiecznych miejsc. Korekta feng-shui jako \u015brodek zapobiegawczy.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety i rytua\u0142y domowe<\/strong><\/p><p>Lustra bagua nad drzwiami wej\u015bciowymi, par\u0119 bog\u00f3w drzwi (Menshen, Qin Shubao i Yuchi Jingde), czerwone nici dla noworodk\u00f3w, amulety jadeitowe. Progi, kraw\u0119dzie dach\u00f3w i wej\u015bcia obj\u0119te s\u0105 szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 ochron\u0105.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepcja i wsp\u00f3\u0142czesno\u015b\u0107<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tradycja literacka<\/strong><\/p><p>Pu Songlinga <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> (XVII w.) jako szczyt \u2013 blisko 500 opowiada\u0144 z Gui, Yaoguai, Huli Jing. Do dzi\u015b nieustannie adaptowane. Yuan Meia <em>Zi Bu Yu<\/em> (XVIII w.) uzupe\u0142nia t\u0119 tradycj\u0119. Wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bni autorzy nawi\u0105zuj\u0105 do niej.<\/p><p><strong>Film i kultura popularna<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Filmy grozy z Hongkongu (<em>A Chinese Ghost Story<\/em>, 1987) i tajwa\u0144skie produkcje horrorowe (Tigertail, The Rope Curse) kszta\u0142tuj\u0105 nowoczesny obraz. Japo\u0144ski J-Horror (<em>Ring<\/em>, <em>Ju-on<\/em>) czerpie silnie z chi\u0144skich motyw\u00f3w Gui.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Diaspora \u2013 wsp\u00f3\u0142czesno\u015b\u0107:<\/strong> W chi\u0144skich spo\u0142eczno\u015bciach na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie piel\u0119gnowane s\u0105 wierzenia o Gui. Praktyki Hungry Ghost Festival w Singapurze, Malezji i Ameryce P\u00f3\u0142nocnej. Wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bni Chi\u0144czycy w Chi\u0144skiej Republice Ludowej kultywuj\u0105 rytua\u0142y mimo oficjalnej sekularyzacji.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ec00ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8ec00ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6cf70d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6cf70d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Poj\u0119cie gui i chi\u0144skie rozumienie duszy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a33a4a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8a33a4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp91e4adf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp91e4adf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chi\u0144ski <em>gui<\/em>, t\u0142umaczony zazwyczaj jako widmo lub <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> zmar\u0142ego, mo\u017cna zrozumie\u0107 jedynie na tle tradycyjnego chi\u0144skiego wyobra\u017cenia o duszy.<\/p><p>Wed\u0142ug powszechnego pogl\u0105du, kt\u00f3ry ukszta\u0142towa\u0142 si\u0119 od czas\u00f3w dynastii Han, cz\u0142owiek posiada dwa rodzaje si\u0142 duszy: <em>hun<\/em> \u2013 bardziej duchow\u0105, l\u017cejsz\u0105 sk\u0142adow\u0105, unosz\u0105ca si\u0119 ku g\u00f3rze po \u015bmierci \u2013 oraz <em>po<\/em> \u2013 zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z cia\u0142em, ci\u0119\u017csz\u0105 sk\u0142adow\u0105, pozostaj\u0105c\u0105 z cia\u0142em w ziemi.<\/p><p>Przy normalnej, uporz\u0105dkowanej \u015bmierci i przy prawid\u0142owo przeprowadzonych rytua\u0142ach pogrzebowych obie sk\u0142adowe trafiaj\u0105 na w\u0142a\u015bciwe miejsca: unosz\u0105ca si\u0119 staje si\u0119 czczonym przodkiem, ziemska spoczywa w grobie.<\/p><p>Gui <em>gui<\/em> w w\u0119\u017cszym, problematycznym sensie powstaje tam, gdzie to uporz\u0105dkowane przej\u015bcie si\u0119 nie powiedzie. Zmar\u0142y, kt\u00f3remu nie odprawiono rytua\u0142\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry nie ma potomk\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry zgin\u0105\u0142 gwa\u0142townie, z dala od ojczyzny lub jako ofiara niesprawiedliwo\u015bci, mo\u017ce sta\u0107 si\u0119 niespokojnym, b\u0142\u0105dz\u0105cym <em>gui<\/em>.<\/p><p>W ten spos\u00f3b <em>gui<\/em> w chi\u0144skim wyobra\u017ceniu nie jest samodzieln\u0105 istot\u0105 z obcej sfery, lecz cz\u0142owiekiem w niew\u0142a\u015bciwym stanie. Granica mi\u0119dzy czczonym przodkiem a obawianym duchem nie przebiega przez natur\u0119 istoty, lecz przez pytanie, czy jest ona <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nale\u017c\u0105cy do ustalonego religijnego porz\u0105dku dzia\u0142a\u0144.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytualnie<\/span> otoczona opiek\u0105 i w\u0142\u0105czona w relacje spo\u0142eczne.<\/p><p>Pogl\u0105d ten ma daleko id\u0105ce konsekwencje. Czyni \u017cywych odpowiedzialnymi za los umar\u0142ych, uzasadnia centralne miejsce kultu przodk\u00f3w i wyja\u015bnia, dlaczego troska o w\u0142a\u015bciwy poch\u00f3wek i regularne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiary<\/span> kszta\u0142towa\u0142a chi\u0144skie \u017cycie rodzinne przez stulecia.<\/p><p>Gui <em>gui<\/em> jest sta\u0142ym przypomnieniem tego, co si\u0119 dzieje, gdy te obowi\u0105zki zostan\u0105 zaniedbane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21e3814 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21e3814\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7c64c26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7c64c26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u0142odne duchy, duchy zemsty i r\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015b\u0107 umar\u0142ych<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6ce873 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa6ce873\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc7882b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc7882b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zbiorczy termin <em>gui<\/em> obejmuje szereg wyra\u017anie r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105cych si\u0119 form manifestacji, kt\u00f3rych wsp\u00f3ln\u0105 cech\u0105 jest to, \u017ce s\u0105 to zmarli w stanie nierozwi\u0105zanym. Chi\u0144ski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci z pokolenia na pokolenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekaz<\/span> \u2013 od wczesnych zbior\u00f3w dziw\u00f3w po p\u00f3\u017aniejsze dzie\u0142a narracyjne \u2013 bogato rozwin\u0105\u0142 t\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015b\u0107.<\/p><p>Wa\u017cn\u0105 grup\u0119 stanowi\u0105 g\u0142odne duchy \u2013 <em>egui<\/em> \u2013 zmarli bez potomk\u00f3w lub bez nale\u017cytych <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiar<\/span>, w\u0119druj\u0105cy bez opieki i cierpi\u0105cy g\u0142\u00f3d.<\/p><p>Pod wp\u0142ywem buddyzmu zosta\u0142y one po\u0142\u0105czone z indyjskim wyobra\u017ceniem o kr\u00f3lestwie g\u0142odnych duch\u00f3w i stanowi\u0105 centrum \u015awi\u0119ta Duch\u00f3w si\u00f3dmego miesi\u0105ca, podczas kt\u00f3rego \u017cywi sk\u0142adaj\u0105 pokarm tak\u017ce zapomnianym, obcym zmar\u0142ym, by nie wyrz\u0105dzili krzywdy.<\/p><p>Inn\u0105 grup\u0119 tworz\u0105 duchy zemsty \u2013 <em>yuangui<\/em> \u2013 zmarli, kt\u00f3rym wyrz\u0105dzono krzywd\u0119, kt\u00f3rzy zostali zamordowani, niesprawiedliwie straceni lub doprowadzeni do samob\u00f3jstwa.<\/p><p>Powracaj\u0105, by domaga\u0107 si\u0119 odp\u0142aty lub ujawni\u0107 swoj\u0105 krzywd\u0119, nierzadko \u015bcigaj\u0105 bezpo\u015brednio winnego. W niezliczonych opowie\u015bciach, a p\u00f3\u017aniej w teatrze, duch zemsty wymuszaj\u0105cy sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107 przed s\u0105dem lub przez nadnaturalne dzia\u0142anie stanowi centralne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span>.<\/p><p>Ponadto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci z pokolenia na pokolenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekaz<\/span> zna duchy powsta\u0142e w szczeg\u00f3lnych okoliczno\u015bciach \u015bmierci \u2013 na przyk\u0142ad utopieni, szukaj\u0105cy zast\u0119pcy, by samym zosta\u0107 uwolnionym, lub duchy trwale przywi\u0105zane do okre\u015blonego miejsca.<\/p><p>To zr\u00f3\u017cnicowanie pokazuje, \u017ce <em>gui<\/em> nie by\u0142 pojmowany jako jednolita posta\u0107 strachu. Jest raczej ca\u0142ym polem umar\u0142ych, kt\u00f3rych historia \u2013 spos\u00f3b \u015bmierci, doznana krzywda, zaniedbanie \u2013 okre\u015bla, w jakiej formie powracaj\u0105 i czego \u017c\u0105daj\u0105 od \u017cywych.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5ef8550 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5ef8550\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp454f224 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp454f224\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sprawiedliwy duch i moralny porz\u0105dek opowiada\u0144<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp82b4a5d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp82b4a5d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9020cc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9020cc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W chi\u0144skiej literaturze narracyjnej <em>gui<\/em> jest cz\u0119sto nie tylko postaci\u0105 wzbudzaj\u0105c\u0105 groz\u0119, lecz no\u015bnikiem moralnego porz\u0105dku. Zw\u0142aszcza w zbiorach z wczesnego okresu \u015bredniowiecznego i w klasycznych dzie\u0142ach epoki Qing \u2013 jak <em>Liaozhai zhiyi<\/em> Pu Songlinga \u2013 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> pe\u0142ni funkcj\u0119 uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105c\u0105 lub koryguj\u0105c\u0105 ludzk\u0105 sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107.<\/p><p>Powszechnym wzorcem jest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, kt\u00f3ry ujawnia ukryt\u0105 zbrodni\u0119. Zamordowany ukazuje si\u0119 urz\u0119dnikowi we \u015bnie, wskazuje swoje zw\u0142oki lub sprawc\u0119, umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105c w ten spos\u00f3b ukaranie winnego.<\/p><p>W tym uj\u0119ciu <em>gui<\/em> dzia\u0142a jako narz\u0119dzie kosmicznego porz\u0105dku, kt\u00f3ry nie pozwala, by krzywda pozosta\u0142a bez kary. Za\u015bwiatowa biurokracja \u2013 s\u0105dy podziemia z aktami i s\u0119dziami \u2013 stanowi ramy, w kt\u00f3rych takie duchy dzia\u0142aj\u0105.<\/p><p>R\u00f3wnie powszechny jest wdzi\u0119czny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezcielesna istota, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywanie na \u015bwiat.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>. Zmar\u0142y, kt\u00f3remu \u017cyj\u0105cy wy\u015bwiadczy\u0142 dobro\u0107 \u2013 na przyk\u0142ad pochowawszy jego ko\u015bci, sp\u0142aciwszy jego d\u0142ugi lub z\u0142o\u017cywszy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiary<\/span> \u2013 powraca, by si\u0119 odwdzi\u0119czy\u0107: rad\u0105, ochron\u0105 lub pomoc\u0105 w potrzebie.<\/p><p>Opowiadania te potwierdzaj\u0105 norm\u0119, \u017ce troska o umar\u0142ych jest op\u0142acalna i \u017ce nawet poza \u015bmierci\u0105 istnieje wzajemno\u015b\u0107 dawania i otrzymywania.<\/p><p>Ten wymiar moralny odr\u00f3\u017cnia chi\u0144skiego <em>gui<\/em> od ducha wzbudzaj\u0105cego wy\u0142\u0105cznie strach. Jest on wpisany w wizj\u0119 \u015bwiata, w kt\u00f3rej granica mi\u0119dzy \u017cywymi a umar\u0142ymi jest przepuszczalna, a obie strony maj\u0105 wobec siebie zobowi\u0105zania.<\/p><p>Historia o duchu staje si\u0119 tym samym narz\u0119dziem etyki \u2013 ukazuje, \u017ce krzywda zostaje \u015bcigni\u0119ta, a dobro wynagrodzone, i to ponad granic\u0105 \u015bmierci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odno\u015bniki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zalecane linki wewn\u0119trzne:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/pl\/chiny\/\">Chiny (taoizm i wierzenia ludowe)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/yaoguai\/\">Yaoguai<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pl\/jiangshi\/\">Jiangshi<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pl\/e-gui\/\">E-Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pl\/huli-jing\/\">Huli Jing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/lemury\/\">Lemures<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pl\/upyr\/\">Upyr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/pl\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> (paralele)<\/li><li>Qingming und Hungry Ghost Festival<\/li><li>Daoistische Fu-Talismane<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (wyb\u00f3r)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Wyb\u00f3r kluczowych prac na temat Gui:<\/p><ul><li>Pu Songling: <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em>. Przek\u0142ady na wiele j\u0119zyk\u00f3w.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Yu, Anthony C.: <em>State and Religion in China<\/em>. Chicago 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Poo, Mu-chou: <em>In Search of Personal Welfare. A View of Ancient Chinese Religion<\/em>. Albany 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sutton, Donald S.: <em>Steps of Perfection. Exorcistic Performers and Chinese Religion<\/em>. Cambridge, MA 2003.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Inne podstawowe opracowania w <a href=\"\/pl\/literatura\/\">bibliografii<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gui-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gui-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gui\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gui-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gui-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Opisana tu praktyka ochronna stanowi religioznawcz\u0105 klasyfikacj\u0119 historycznych tradycji. iWell Guard nawi\u0105zuje do tej kulturowo-historycznej linii przeno\u015bnych przedmiot\u00f3w ochronnych i stanowi jej wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 form\u0119.<a href=\"\/pl\/o-iwell-guard-szczegoly-dotyczace-wisiorka-ochronnego\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Wi\u0119cej o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-888764c e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"888764c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7834c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb7834c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Cz\u0119sto zadawane pytania o Gui<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Czym s\u0105 Gui w chi\u0144skiej religii ludowej?<\/h3><p>Gui (\u9b3c) s\u0105 w chi\u0144skiej religii ludowej i w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chi\u0144ska tradycja religijno-filozoficzna, nastawiona na Dao \u2013 Drog\u0119.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmie<\/span> duchami zmar\u0142ych \u2013 najcz\u0119\u015bciej tych, kt\u00f3rzy ponie\u015bli gwa\u0142town\u0105, nieukaran\u0105 lub nieodpowiednio potraktowan\u0105 \u015bmier\u0107.<\/p><p>Unosz\u0105 si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy \u015bwiatami, gdy\u017c brak im nale\u017cytych obrz\u0119d\u00f3w pogrzebowych lub ich potrzeba zemsty pozostaje nierozwi\u0105zana. W buddyzmie tworzy to klas\u0119 g\u0142odnych duch\u00f3w (E Gui), za\u015b w religii ludowej Gui s\u0105 najcz\u0119stsz\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 chor\u00f3b, nieszcz\u0119\u015b\u0107 i zjawisk paranormalnych.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Czym jest \u015awi\u0119to Duch\u00f3w w chi\u0144skiej tradycji?<\/h3><p>\u015awi\u0119to G\u0142odnych Duch\u00f3w (Yu Lan Pen Jie, w si\u00f3dmym miesi\u0105cu ksi\u0119\u017cycowym) jest najwa\u017cniejszym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ustalona sekwencja symbolicznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytua\u0142em<\/span> w stosunku do Gui. W 'miesi\u0105cu duch\u00f3w&#8217; (si\u00f3dmy miesi\u0105c) granica mi\u0119dzy \u015bwiatami uwa\u017cana jest za przepuszczaln\u0105.<\/p><p>Rodziny wystawiaj\u0105 potrawy i ofiary, pal\u0105 papierowe pieni\u0105dze i w ten spos\u00f3b troszcz\u0105 si\u0119 o powracaj\u0105cych zmar\u0142ych. Ci, kt\u00f3rzy nie maj\u0105 ju\u017c rodziny, s\u0105 zaopatrywani przez wsp\u00f3lnot\u0119 \u2013 zapobiega to wyrz\u0105dzaniu przez Gui szk\u00f3d z g\u0142odu.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Czym s\u0105 Gui w chi\u0144skiej religii ludowej?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Gui (\u9b3c) s\u0105 w chi\u0144skiej religii ludowej i w taoizmie duchami zmar\u0142ych \u2013 najcz\u0119\u015bciej tych, kt\u00f3rzy ponie\u015bli gwa\u0142town\u0105, nieukaran\u0105 lub nieodpowiednio potraktowan\u0105 \u015bmier\u0107.Unosz\u0105 si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy \u015bwiatami, gdy\u017c brak im nale\u017cytych obrz\u0119d\u00f3w pogrzebowych lub ich potrzeba zemsty pozostaje nierozwi\u0105zana. W buddyzmie tworzy to klas\u0119 g\u0142odnych duch\u00f3w (E Gui), za\u015b w religii ludowej Gui s\u0105 najcz\u0119stsz\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 chor\u00f3b, nieszcz\u0119\u015b\u0107 i zjawisk paranormalnych.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Czym jest \u015awi\u0119to Duch\u00f3w w chi\u0144skiej tradycji?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u015awi\u0119to G\u0142odnych Duch\u00f3w (Yu Lan Pen Jie, w si\u00f3dmym miesi\u0105cu ksi\u0119\u017cycowym) jest najwa\u017cniejszym rytua\u0142em w stosunku do Gui. W 'miesi\u0105cu duch\u00f3w' (si\u00f3dmy miesi\u0105c) granica mi\u0119dzy \u015bwiatami uwa\u017cana jest za przepuszczaln\u0105.Rodziny wystawiaj\u0105 potrawy i ofiary, pal\u0105 papierowe pieni\u0105dze i w ten spos\u00f3b troszcz\u0105 si\u0119 o powracaj\u0105cych zmar\u0142ych. Ci, kt\u00f3rzy nie maj\u0105 ju\u017c rodziny, s\u0105 zaopatrywani przez wsp\u00f3lnot\u0119 \u2013 zapobiega to wyrz\u0105dzaniu przez Gui szk\u00f3d z g\u0142odu.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gui, Geist der chinesischen Tradition Gui ist Geist der chinesischen Tradition. Die vielf\u00e4ltige chinesische Geisterwelt, von Ahnen zu R\u00e4chern. Gui im chinesischen Ahnenkult Gui (\u9b3c) bezeichnet im klassischen chinesischen Volksglauben prim\u00e4r den Ahnengeist, die unsterbliche Seele eines Verstorbenen, die nach dem Tod weiterexistiert. Im Confucianischen System gibt es zwei Seelen-Komponenten: hun (himmlische, leichte Seele, die [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8060,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gui chi\u0144skie duchy przodk\u00f3w","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gui, duchy zmar\u0142ych i ich rodzaje w demonologii chi\u0144skiej","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[177,162,157],"class_list":["post-8059","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chiny","category-duchy","category-kultury"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gui, duchy zmar\u0142ych i ich rodzaje w demonologii chi\u0144skiej<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gui\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-21T13:41:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gui, duchy zmar\u0142ych i ich rodzaje w demonologii chi\u0144skiej\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_china_gui.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T12:21:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:41:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_china_gui.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_china_gui.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Duchy z tradycji chi\u0144skiej.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/strona-glowna\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gui\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Gui\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T12:21:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:41:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2070,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/pl\\\/gui\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_china_gui.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Chiny\",\"Duchy\",\"Kultury\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"description\":\"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gui, duchy zmar\u0142ych i ich rodzaje w demonologii chi\u0144skiej","description":"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gui","og_description":"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-06-21T13:41:27+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Szacowany czas czytania":"10 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gui","datePublished":"2026-04-21T12:21:22+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:41:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/"},"wordCount":2070,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp","articleSection":["Chiny","Duchy","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/","name":"Gui, duchy zmar\u0142ych i ich rodzaje w demonologii chi\u0144skiej","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp","datePublished":"2026-04-21T12:21:22+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:41:27+00:00","description":"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Duchy z tradycji chi\u0144skiej."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/strona-glowna\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gui"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gui","datePublished":"2026-04-21T12:21:22+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:41:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/"},"wordCount":2070,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/gui\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp","articleSection":["Chiny","Duchy","Kultury"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","description":"Gui: r\u00f3\u017cnorodny \u015bwiat duch\u00f3w chi\u0144skich, od czcigodnych przodk\u00f3w po m\u015bciwe zjawy. Klasy duch\u00f3w, kult przodk\u00f3w i religia ludowa w zarysie."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8059"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8059\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}