{"id":7848,"date":"2026-04-20T12:50:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T12:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/lamashtu\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T15:02:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T15:02:55","slug":"lamashtu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/lamashtu\/","title":{"rendered":"Lamashtu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7848\" class=\"elementor elementor-7848 elementor-702\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lamashtu, demonica tradycji mezopotamskiej<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lamashtu jest demonic\u0105 tradycji mezopotamskiej.<\/p><p><strong>Demonica dzieci i po\u0142o\u017cnic staro\u017cytnego Mi\u0119dzyrzecza.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Demon \/ demonica: istota nadnaturalna o przewa\u017cnie szkodliwym lub ambiwalentnym dzia\u0142aniu. Zajmuje miejsce mi\u0119dzy bogami a lud\u017ami, powoduje chorob\u0119, pokus\u0119 lub nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie i jest odp\u0119dzana za pomoc\u0105 zakl\u0119\u0107, apotropaion\u00f3w i rytua\u0142\u00f3w.\">Demonica<\/span><a href=\"\/pl\/mezopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kolebka udokumentowanej religii, Sumer, Akad, Babilon, Asyria (ok. 3500 p.n.e. \u2013 330 p.n.e.).\">Mezopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lamashtu-ueber-schlafendem-Kind-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7850\" alt=\"Lamashtu nad \u015bpi\u0105cym dzieckiem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lamashtu-ueber-schlafendem-Kind-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lamashtu-ueber-schlafendem-Kind-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lamashtu-ueber-schlafendem-Kind-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Lamashtu-ueber-schlafendem-Kind.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lamashtu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lamashtu nale\u017cy do najszerzej udokumentowanych demon\u00f3w staro\u017cytnego Mi\u0119dzyrzecza. W odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od wielu bezimienny istot choroby lub wiatru, pojawia si\u0119 w tekstach klinowych jako indywidualna posta\u0107 z w\u0142asn\u0105 histori\u0105 pochodzenia, sta\u0142ym zakresem dzia\u0142a\u0144 i charakterystyczn\u0105 ikonografi\u0105. Zagra\u017ca ci\u0119\u017carnym, po\u0142o\u017cnicom i noworodkom, sprowadza gor\u0105czk\u0119 i niepok\u00f3j, a \u0142\u0105czona jest z \u015bmierci\u0105 dzieci, poronieniami i tzw. motywem 'kradn\u0105cego dziecko&#8217;.<\/p><p>Przeciwko jej atakom Mezopotamia rozwin\u0119\u0142a g\u0119st\u0105 sie\u0107 zakl\u0119\u0107, amulet\u00f3w i czynno\u015bci rytualnych, w centrum kt\u00f3rej \u2013 a\u017c po p\u00f3\u017any okres asyryjsko-babilo\u0144ski \u2013 sta\u0142 demon ochronny Pazuzu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00f3tki profil: Lamashtu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Demonica choroby i porodu<br>Pochodzenie: c\u00f3rka boga nieba Anu<br>Teksty: seria Lamashtu, zakl\u0119cia, tabliczki diagnostyczne<br>Okres: 2. i 1. tysi\u0105clecie p.n.e.<br>Zasi\u0119g: Babilonia, Asyria, dalsze obszary wp\u0142yw\u00f3w<br>Ochrona: amulety Pazuzu, zakl\u0119cia, rytualne wygnanie<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres tekst\u00f3w<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Przekaz<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci z pokolenia na pokolenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekaz<\/span> dotycz\u0105cy Lamashtu po\u015bwiadczony jest zar\u00f3wno w j\u0119zyku sumeryjskim, jak i akadyjskim. Materia\u0142 jest najobfitszy w 2. i 1. tysi\u0105cleciu p.n.e., w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci w tzw. serii Lamashtu \u2013 skompilowanym zbiorze zakl\u0119\u0107 i wskaz\u00f3wek rytualnych, zachowanym na kilku tabliczkach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zasi\u0119g geograficzny<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Miejsca znalezisk rozci\u0105gaj\u0105 si\u0119 od Nippur, Uruk i Babilonu a\u017c po Assur i Niniw\u0119. Lamashtu jest zatem obecna w ca\u0142ej przestrzeni kultury mezopotamskiej. Paralele i nast\u0119pcy tego motywu s\u0105 ponadto po\u015bwiadczone we wschodniej cz\u0119\u015bci basenu Morza \u015ar\u00f3dziemnego a\u017c po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoka przej\u015bciowa mi\u0119dzy staro\u017cytno\u015bci\u0105 a \u015bredniowieczem, ok. III\u2013VII w.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u00f3\u017an\u0105 staro\u017cytno\u015b\u0107<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trzon tekstowy stanowi seria Lamashtu. Uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105 j\u0105 poszczeg\u00f3lne tabliczki z zakl\u0119ciami, medyczne tabliczki diagnostyczne, plakietki amuletowe z br\u0105zu lub gliny z wygrawerowanymi zakl\u0119ciami oraz \u015bwiadectwa ikonograficzne na reliefach i piecz\u0119ciach. Jak na mezopotamsk\u0105 demonic\u0119, stan zachowania \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 jest niezwykle bogaty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Akadyjskie:<\/strong> <em>Lama\u0161tu<\/em> (w nowo\u017cytnej transkrypcji cz\u0119sto pisane 'Lamashtu&#8217;).<br>Sumeryjskie: <em>Dimme<\/em>, po\u015bwiadczone r\u00f3wnie\u017c jako <em>dD\u00ccM.ME<\/em>.<br>Inne formy zapisu: <em>Labartu<\/em> (starsze przek\u0142ady europejskie), <em>Lamashtum<\/em>.<br>Tytu\u0142y i przydomki: m.in. 'C\u00f3rka An\/Anu&#8217;, 'Wielka C\u00f3rka Nieba&#8217;.<\/p><p>W pi\u015bmie klinowym jej imi\u0119 jest cz\u0119sto opatrzone determinatywem b\u00f3stwa d, co j\u0119zykowo sytuuje j\u0105 w pobli\u017cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w ramach danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwa<\/span>. Funkcjonalnie uwa\u017cana jest jednak za demonic\u0119: nie jest czczona, lecz odp\u0119dzana.<\/p><p>To podw\u00f3jne zaklasyfikowanie \u2013 jako c\u00f3rki boga nieba, a zarazem niebezpiecznej istoty \u2013 stanowi istotn\u0105 cech\u0119 charakterystyczn\u0105. Podkre\u015bla, \u017ce w Mezopotamii 'demoniczny&#8217; nie oznacza\u0142o automatycznie 'przeciwny bogom&#8217;. Lamashtu dzia\u0142a samowolnie i niebezpiecznie, lecz kosmologicznie nie jest umieszczona poza boskim porz\u0105dkiem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wygl\u0105d<\/strong><\/p><p>Lamashtu opisywana jest w tekstach i na wyobra\u017ceniach jako istota hybrydyczna.<\/p><p>Typowe cechy to: g\u0142owa lwa lub twarz o lwim wyrazie, z\u0119by os\u0142a, ludzki lub cz\u0119\u015bciowo ptasi tors, szpony lub ptasie pazury na stopach, d\u0142ugie i rozczochrane w\u0142osy oraz obna\u017cone piersi, przy kt\u00f3rych karmi zwierz\u0119ta \u2013 zazwyczaj prosi\u0119 i psa. W r\u0119kach trzyma cz\u0119sto w\u0119\u017ce.<\/p><p><strong>Zachowanie<\/strong><\/p><p>Teksty opisuj\u0105 jej dzia\u0142anie w powracaj\u0105cych motywach. W\u015blizguje si\u0119 'przez okno jak w\u0105\u017c&#8217;, przenika do domu, wyci\u0105ga r\u0119k\u0119 ku brzuchowi ci\u0119\u017carnej lub odbiera noworodka od piersi matki.<\/p><p>Dzia\u0142a skrycie, najch\u0119tniej noc\u0105 i w chwilach s\u0142abo\u015bci: podczas porodu, w po\u0142ogu, we \u015bnie dzieci.<\/p><p><strong>Zakres dzia\u0142ania<\/strong><\/p><p>Jej ataki skierowane s\u0105 przede wszystkim na ci\u0119\u017carne i nienarodzone (poronienie, martwy por\u00f3d), po\u0142o\u017cnice (gor\u0105czka po\u0142ogowa, wyczerpanie psychiczne), niemowl\u0119ta i ma\u0142e dzieci (nag\u0142a \u015bmier\u0107 niemowl\u0105t, niewyja\u015bniona gor\u0105czka, drgawki), karmi\u0105ce matki (brak mleka, infekcje), a tak\u017ce podr\u00f3\u017cuj\u0105cych i s\u0142abych na pustyni. Jest zatem przede wszystkim demonic\u0105 przestrzeni domowej i najbardziej wra\u017cliwych faz \u017cycia.<\/p><p><strong>Mitologiczne pochodzenie<\/strong><\/p><p>Lamashtu jest w tekstach nazywana c\u00f3rk\u0105 boga nieba Anu. Ze wzgl\u0119du na swoje zachowanie zostaje str\u0105cona z nieba w \u015bwiat ludzi. Opowie\u015b\u0107 ta wpisuje si\u0119 w cz\u0119sto powtarzaj\u0105cy si\u0119 w Mezopotamii schemat: istota jest z pochodzenia boska, lecz przez swoje dzia\u0142anie staje si\u0119 niebezpieczna. Z\u0142o nie jest zatem zasad\u0105 przeciwn\u0105 porz\u0105dkowi, lecz porz\u0105dkiem, kt\u00f3ry wymkn\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 spod kontroli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Lamashtu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Lamashtu w skr\u00f3cie. Szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe om\u00f3wienie nazwy, opisu, \u015brodk\u00f3w ochronnych i paraleli znajduje si\u0119 w nast\u0119puj\u0105cych sekcjach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pochodzenie Lamashtu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00f3rka boga nieba Anu, str\u0105cona z nieba. Imi\u0119 cz\u0119sto pisane z determinatywem b\u00f3stwa, boskie pochodzenie, lecz nie czczona.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adresaci<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ci\u0119\u017carne, po\u0142o\u017cnice, noworodki, karmi\u0105ce matki, ma\u0142e dzieci. Dzia\u0142a przede wszystkim w przestrzeni domowej i podczas porodu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wygl\u0105d Lamashtu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u0142owa lwa, z\u0119by os\u0142a, ptasie szpony, rozczochrane w\u0142osy, w\u0119\u017ce w r\u0119kach. Przy piersiach karmi prosi\u0119 i psa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gor\u0105czka, poronienie, gor\u0105czka po\u0142ogowa, nag\u0142a \u015bmier\u0107 niemowl\u0105t, brak mleka, niewyja\u015bnione drgawki. Posta\u0107 wyja\u015bniaj\u0105ca niezrozumia\u0142e dawniej przypadki \u015bmierci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u015arodki ochronne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Amulety Pazuzu jako g\u0142\u00f3wny \u015brodek. Wielonocne cykle rytualne <em>\u0101\u0161ipu<\/em>, zakl\u0119cia z serii Lamashtu, symboliczne wygnanie w d\u00f3\u0142 rzeki.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odpowiedniki<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lilith i <em>ardat-lil\u00ee<\/em> (tradycja \u017cydowska), Lamia, Gello, Mormo (grecko-rzymskie), Gellou i Abyzou (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoka przej\u015bciowa mi\u0119dzy staro\u017cytno\u015bci\u0105 a \u015bredniowieczem, ok. III\u2013VII w.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u00f3\u017ana staro\u017cytno\u015b\u0107<\/span>), Pontianak (Azja Po\u0142udniowo-Wschodnia).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktyki ochronne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rytua\u0142y ochronne<\/strong><\/p><p>Przeciwko Lamashtu stosowane by\u0142y wielonocne cykle rytualne <em>\u0101\u0161ipu<\/em> (kap\u0142ana-egzorcysty). \u0141\u0105czy\u0142y one oczyszczenie po\u0142o\u017cnicy i dziecka, symboliczne wygnanie demonicy \u2013 np. przez wys\u0142anie niewielkiej figurki glinianej 'w d\u00f3\u0142 rzeki&#8217; \u2013 oraz \u015bci\u015ble okre\u015blone ofiary.<\/p><p><strong>Zakl\u0119cia<\/strong><\/p><p>Seria Lamashtu przekazuje liczne formu\u0142y, kt\u00f3re wzywaj\u0105 demonic\u0119 z imienia, opisuj\u0105 jej pochodzenie i nakazuj\u0105 jej opu\u015bci\u0107 dom. \u0141\u0105czy\u0142y one boskie upowa\u017cnienie z konkretnymi wskaz\u00f3wkami dla akuszerki, kap\u0142ana i rodziny, nadaj\u0105c struktur\u0119 sytuacji, kt\u00f3ra inaczej by\u0142aby nacechowana bezsilno\u015bci\u0105.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety i symbole ochronne<\/strong><\/p><p>Szczeg\u00f3lnie znane s\u0105 plakietki amuletowe z wizerunkiem Lamashtu i skierowanym przeciwko niej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rytua\u0142 j\u0119zykowy, kt\u00f3ry ma przywo\u0142a\u0107 lub zwi\u0105za\u0107 jak\u0105\u015b moc.\" tabindex=\"0\">zakl\u0119ciem<\/span>. Ci\u0119\u017carne nosi\u0142y je przy ciele, a domownicy wieszali je nad \u0142\u00f3\u017ckiem dziecka. M\u0119ski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota duchowa, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 szkodliwe lub ambiwalentne dzia\u0142anie.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> Pazuzu uchodzi\u0142 za jedyn\u0105 istot\u0119 zdoln\u0105 skutecznie wyp\u0119dzi\u0107 Lamashtu; g\u0142owy i figurki Pazuzu chroni\u0142y drzwi, \u0142\u00f3\u017cka i ci\u0119\u017carne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lamashtu \u2013 paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tradycja \u017cydowska<\/strong><\/p><p>Lilith i posta\u0107 <em>ardat-lil\u00ee<\/em> wykazuj\u0105 wyra\u017ane funkcjonalne zbie\u017cno\u015bci z Lamashtu. Lilith jako zagro\u017cenie dla po\u0142o\u017cnic i dzieci jest dobrze po\u015bwiadczona; amulety ochronne z jej imieniem pozostawa\u0142y w u\u017cyciu a\u017c po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoka przej\u015bciowa mi\u0119dzy staro\u017cytno\u015bci\u0105 a \u015bredniowieczem, ok. III\u2013VII w.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u00f3\u017an\u0105 staro\u017cytno\u015b\u0107<\/span> i \u015bredniowiecze.<\/p><p><strong>\u015awiat grecko-rzymski:<\/strong> Postacie takie jak Lamia, Gello i Mormo przejmuj\u0105 rol\u0119 demonicy morduj\u0105cej dzieci. R\u00f3wnie\u017c tutaj spotykamy amulety i formu\u0142y ochronne przeciwko \u015bmierci noworodk\u00f3w.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoka przej\u015bciowa mi\u0119dzy staro\u017cytno\u015bci\u0105 a \u015bredniowieczem, ok. III\u2013VII w.\" tabindex=\"0\">P\u00f3\u017ana staro\u017cytno\u015b\u0107<\/span> i ponadto:<\/strong> Teksty o Gellou i Abyzou \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 si\u0119 z walk\u0105 z nag\u0142\u0105 \u015bmierci\u0105 niemowl\u0105t i poronieniami, a ich wp\u0142yw si\u0119ga cz\u0119\u015bciowo do \u015bredniowiecznego materia\u0142u chrze\u015bcija\u0144skiego. W Azji Po\u0142udniowo-Wschodniej Pontianak pe\u0142ni analogiczne funkcje. R\u00f3wnie\u017c europejskie postacie wierze\u0144 ludowych, takie jak 'zbieraczka dzieci&#8217; czy 'nocna mara&#8217;, dotykaj\u0105 podobnych l\u0119k\u00f3w, nie wykazuj\u0105c przy tym bezpo\u015bredniej zale\u017cno\u015bci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp012dd1d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp012dd1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0758733 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0758733\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amulety Lamaschtu: obraz i zakl\u0119cie w jednym obiekcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa760c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa760c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97bbf31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp97bbf31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> jest jedn\u0105 z niewielu mezopotamskich mocy szkodliwych, po kt\u00f3rych zachowa\u0142 si\u0119 obszerny i dobrze daj\u0105cy si\u0119 datowa\u0107 przekaz ikonograficzny.<\/p><p>Z drugiego i pierwszego tysi\u0105clecia przed nasz\u0105 er\u0105 znane s\u0105 liczne amulety, przewa\u017cnie z kamienia lub metalu, przedstawiaj\u0105ce demonic\u0119 w ustalonej formule ikonograficznej. Typowa jest posta\u0107 z g\u0142ow\u0105 lwa lub psa, z\u0119bami podobnymi do o\u015blych, zwisaj\u0105cymi piersiami i ptasimi szponami.<\/p><p>W r\u0119kach cz\u0119sto trzyma w\u0119\u017ce, przy jej piersiach ss\u0105 prosi\u0119 i m\u0142ody pies, a sama stoi lub kl\u0119czy na o\u015ble. Obok niej cz\u0119sto przedstawiane s\u0105 statek, grzebie\u0144, wrzeciono i inne przedmioty, interpretowane jako dary lub prowiant, kt\u00f3rymi starano si\u0119 sk\u0142oni\u0107 demonic\u0119 do odjazdu.<\/p><p>Wiele z tych amulet\u00f3w nosi na odwrocie lub na w\u0119\u017cszych bokach teksty zakl\u0119\u0107 w pi\u015bmie klinowym. Obraz i s\u0142owo tworzy\u0142y w ten spos\u00f3b jedno\u015b\u0107: przedmiot ukazywa\u0142 wroga i jednocze\u015bnie zawiera\u0142 formu\u0142\u0119, kt\u00f3ra mia\u0142a go unieszkodliwi\u0107. Amulety takie nosi\u0142y przede wszystkim ci\u0119\u017carne i po\u0142o\u017cnice, gdy\u017c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> uchodzi\u0142a za zagro\u017cenie dla matki i niemowl\u0119cia.<\/p><p>Odr\u0119bn\u0105 grup\u0119 obiekt\u00f3w stanowi\u0105 wielofigurowe tablice br\u0105zowe, w literaturze naukowej okre\u015blane cz\u0119sto jako plakietki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span>. Przedstawiaj\u0105 one w kilku rejestrach demonic\u0119, jej przeciwnika oraz szeregi ochronnych <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota \u0142\u0105cz\u0105ca w sobie cechy r\u00f3\u017cnych \u017cywych organizm\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">istot hybrydycznych<\/span>. Niekt\u00f3re z tych tablic by\u0142y zaopatrzone u g\u00f3ry w pier\u015bcie\u0144 i mog\u0142y by\u0107 zawieszane, zapewne w obszarze \u0142o\u017ca po\u0142ogowego.<\/p><p>Du\u017ca liczba zachowanych egzemplarzy z r\u00f3\u017cnych miejsc znalezisk \u015bwiadczy o tym, \u017ce ochrona przed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> nale\u017ca\u0142a do najpowszechniejszych potrzeb mezopotamskiej religii codziennej.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf23dbed e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf23dbed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe1b579a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe1b579a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pazuzu jako si\u0142a przeciwstawna: demon przeciwko demonicy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc618a1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc618a1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a97aed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4a97aed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osobliwo\u015bci\u0105 ochrony przed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> jest to, \u017ce jej g\u0142\u00f3wny przeciwnik sam by\u0142 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota duchowa, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 szkodliwe lub ambiwalentne dzia\u0142anie.\" tabindex=\"0\">demonem<\/span>. <a href=\"\/pl\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu<\/a>, uskrzydlona <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota \u0142\u0105cz\u0105ca w sobie cechy r\u00f3\u017cnych \u017cywych organizm\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">istota hybrydyczna<\/span> o psiej twarzy, uchodzi\u0142 za pana z\u0142ych wiatr\u00f3w, lecz w\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego by\u0142 wykorzystywany przeciwko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span>.<\/p><p>Na wielu plakietkach <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> g\u0142owa Pazuzu pojawia si\u0119 u g\u00f3rnej kraw\u0119dzi, jakby spogl\u0105daj\u0105c zza sceny, lub ca\u0142y Pazuzu odpycha demonic\u0119 ku brzegowi tablicy i w kierunku wody, przez kt\u00f3r\u0105 mia\u0142a powr\u00f3ci\u0107 do \u015bwiata podziemnego.<\/p><p>Le\u017c\u0105c\u0105 u podstaw zasad\u0119 mo\u017cna opisa\u0107 jako zwalczanie z\u0142a pokrewnymi \u015brodkami. Pazuzu nie by\u0142 \u0142agodnym duchem opieku\u0144czym, lecz postaci\u0105 budz\u0105c\u0105 groz\u0119, jednak jego agresywno\u015b\u0107 mo\u017cna by\u0142o skierowa\u0107 przeciwko innej mocy szkodliwej.<\/p><p>G\u0142owy Pazuzu by\u0142y noszone jako samodzielne amulety i wieszane przy domach. Cz\u0119ste \u0142\u0105czenie obu postaci w jednym obiekcie pokazuje, \u017ce mezopotamska praktyka ochronna nie operowa\u0142a prostymi kategoriami dobra i z\u0142a, lecz uwzgl\u0119dnia\u0142a stosunki si\u0142 i zakresy kompetencji.<\/p><p>Obok nich dost\u0119pne by\u0142y inne postacie ochronne. W zakl\u0119ciach <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> jest cz\u0119sto stawiana przed bog\u00f3w takich jak b\u00f3g wody Ea i jego syn, kt\u00f3rzy orzekaj\u0105 wyrok i nakazuj\u0105 jej odej\u015bcie.<\/p><p>Teksty rytualne opisuj\u0105, jak sporz\u0105dzano glinian\u0105 figurk\u0119 demonicy, wyposa\u017cano j\u0105 w prowiant i usuwano na zach\u00f3d lub do wody. Po\u0142\u0105czenie przera\u017caj\u0105cego pomocnika, boskiego s\u0105du i materialnego odes\u0142ania tworzy g\u0119sty, wewn\u0119trznie sp\u00f3jny system leczenia i profilaktyki.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpccd57e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpccd57e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc5dd959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc5dd959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Seria zakl\u0119\u0107 i logika oskar\u017cenia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp41425da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp41425da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25cd082 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp25cd082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Teksty przeciwko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> zachowane s\u0105 w wielotabliczkowej serii zakl\u0119\u0107, kt\u00f3ra zosta\u0142a wydana i zbadana w ramach asyriologii. Zawiera ona zakl\u0119cia, wskaz\u00f3wki rytualne i opisy demonicy. Godne uwagi jest to, \u017ce teksty nie traktuj\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> jedynie jako bezkszta\u0142tnego zagro\u017cenia, lecz przypisuj\u0105 jej biografi\u0119 i charakter.<\/p><p>Okre\u015blana jest jako c\u00f3rka boga nieba Anu, kt\u00f3ra ze wzgl\u0119du na sw\u0105 z\u0142\u0105 natur\u0119 zosta\u0142a str\u0105cona z nieba. Nie dzia\u0142a z polecenia bog\u00f3w \u2013 w odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od demon\u00f3w choroby, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 zsy\u0142ane jako pos\u0142a\u0144cy \u2013 lecz z w\u0142asnej woli.<\/p><p>Ta samowola jest kluczem do strategii rytualnej. Poniewa\u017c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mezopotamska demonica uwa\u017cana za zagro\u017cenie dla ci\u0119\u017carnych i noworodk\u00f3w.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamaschtu<\/span> nie jest pos\u0142ana przez bog\u00f3w, mo\u017cna j\u0105 postawi\u0107 przed bogami i wnie\u015b\u0107 przeciwko niej oskar\u017cenie.<\/p><p>Zakl\u0119cia wyliczaj\u0105 jej przewiny \u2013 zagra\u017ca ci\u0119\u017carnym, porywa niemowl\u0119, przenika przez okna i zawiasy drzwi \u2013 i w imieniu wielkich bog\u00f3w \u017c\u0105daj\u0105 jej usuni\u0119cia. Akt rytualny wzorowany jest zatem na post\u0119powaniu s\u0105dowym: jest oskar\u017cona, jest skarga, jest orzekaj\u0105ce gremium i wyrok skazuj\u0105cy na wygnanie.<\/p><p>Dla bada\u0144 naukowych teksty te stanowi\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o wiedzy o mezopotamskich wyobra\u017ceniach dotycz\u0105cych prawa, odpowiedzialno\u015bci i interpretacji choroby.<\/p><p>Choroba w po\u0142ogu, poronienie i \u015bmiertelno\u015b\u0107 niemowl\u0105t nie by\u0142y rozumiane jako \u015blepy przypadek, lecz jako atak daj\u0105cej si\u0119 nazwa\u0107 mocy, przeciwko kt\u00f3rej mo\u017cna by\u0142o dzia\u0142a\u0107 s\u0142owem, obrazem i czynem. Dawa\u0142o to dotkni\u0119tym mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 dzia\u0142ania w sytuacji, kt\u00f3ra inaczej by\u0142aby naznaczona ca\u0142kowit\u0105 bezsilno\u015bci\u0105.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Linki uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105ce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zalecane linki wewn\u0119trzne dla tej strony:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/pl\/mezopotamia\/\">Mezopotamia<\/a> (nadrz\u0119dna strona kulturowa)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu<\/a> (bezpo\u015bredni przeciwnik i demon ochronny)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/lilu-i-lilitu\/\">Lil\u00fb i Lil\u012btu<\/a> (funkcjonalnie pokrewne istoty nocne)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/lilith\/\">Lilith<\/a> (p\u00f3\u017aniejsza posta\u0107 paralerna w tradycji \u017cydowskiej)<\/li><li>Demony choroby na \u015bwiecie (perspektywa por\u00f3wnawcza)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/istoty-nocne\/\">Istoty nocne<\/a> i <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/pl\/paraliz-senny\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stan percepcji, w kt\u00f3rym \u015bwiadomo\u015b\u0107 jest aktywna, lecz cia\u0142o nadal sparali\u017cowane przez atoni\u0119 mi\u0119\u015bniow\u0105 charakterystyczn\u0105 dla fazy REM.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">parali\u017c senny<\/a> (pokrewie\u0144stwo tematyczne)<\/li><li>\u017be\u0144skie demony (strona przegl\u0105dowa)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (wyb\u00f3r)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Zwi\u0119z\u0142y wyb\u00f3r podstawowych prac dotycz\u0105cych Lamashtu i szerszego kontekstu demonologii mezopotamskiej:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Farber, Walter: <em>Lama\u0161tu. An Edition of the Canonical Series of Lama\u0161tu Incantations and Rituals and Related Texts from the Second and First Millennia B.C.<\/em> (Mesopotamian Civilizations 17). Winona Lake 2014.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A. M.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/mesopotamian-protective-spirits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mesopotamian Protective Spirits. The Ritual Texts<\/a><\/em> (Cuneiform Monographs 1). Groningen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A. M.: 'Lama\u0161tu, Daughter of Anu. A Profile.&#8217; In: M. Stol, <em>Birth in Babylonia and the Bible. Its Mediterranean Setting.<\/em> Groningen 2000, S. 217, 249.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Green, Anthony: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIB4117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary.<\/a><\/em> London 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hee\u00dfel, Nils P.: <em>Pazuzu. Arch\u00e4ologische und philologische Studien zu einem altorientalischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota duchowa, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 szkodliwe lub ambiwalentne dzia\u0142anie.\" tabindex=\"0\">D\u00e4mon<\/span><\/em> (Ancient Magic and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zbiorcze okre\u015blenie praktyk, za pomoc\u0105 kt\u00f3rych bada si\u0119 wol\u0119 bosk\u0105.\" tabindex=\"0\">Divination<\/span> 4). Leiden 2002.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Stol, Marten: <em>Birth in Babylonia and the Bible. Its Mediterranean Setting.<\/em> Groningen 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Uwaga:<\/em> Wyb\u00f3r s\u0142u\u017cy orientacji. Przypisy w tek\u015bcie g\u0142\u00f3wnym s\u0105 celowo zwi\u0119z\u0142e, aby zachowa\u0107 charakter redakcyjnej strony przegl\u0105dowej.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dalsze pozycje standardowe w <a href=\"\/pl\/literatura\/\">wykazie literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv702qv e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv702qv\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv702qvh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"qv702qvh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pokrewne symbole ochronne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv702qvb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv702qvb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv702qvt elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"qv702qvt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-grid\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:16px 0;\"><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"\/pl\/hamsa\/\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Hamsa<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">R\u0119ka Fatimy, \u017cydowsko-arabski symbol ochronny z pi\u0119cioma palcami i okiem<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"\/pl\/zly-wzrok\/\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Z\u0142y wzrok<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">Globalny wiarygodny przekaz o szkodliwym spojrzeniu, przed kt\u00f3rym chroni\u0105 nazar boncu\u011fu, mati i malocchio<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.iwg-querverweis-card{padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--e-global-color-f443515,#e6c45a);border-radius:8px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);}.iwg-querverweis-link{color:var(--e-global-color-accent,#e6c45a);text-decoration:none;}.iwg-querverweis-teaser{color:#e8e8e8;font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;}<\/style><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lamashtu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-lamashtu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-lamashtu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lamashtu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-lamashtu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Opisana tutaj praktyka ochronna stanowi religioznawcz\u0105 klasyfikacj\u0119 historycznych tradycji. iWell Guard nawi\u0105zuje do tej kulturowo-historycznej linii noszonych przedmiot\u00f3w ochronnych i stanowi jej wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 form\u0119. <a href=\"\/pl\/o-iwell-guard-szczegoly-dotyczace-wisiorka-ochronnego\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Wi\u0119cej o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-lamashtu-faq-8c2240 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-lamashtu-faq-8c2240\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-lamashtu-faq-col-23bab3\" data-id=\"wv-lamashtu-faq-col-23bab3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-lamashtu-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-lamashtu-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cz\u0119sto zadawane pytania dotycz\u0105ce Lamashtu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-lamashtu-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-lamashtu-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Kim by\u0142a Lamashtu?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Lamashtu by\u0142a mezopotamsk\u0105 demonic\u0105 uwa\u017can\u0105 za c\u00f3rk\u0119 boga nieba Anu. Zagra\u017ca\u0142a przede wszystkim ci\u0119\u017carnym i niemowl\u0119tom, sprowadza\u0142a poronienia, gor\u0105czk\u0119 po\u0142ogow\u0105 i nag\u0142\u0105 \u015bmier\u0107 niemowl\u0105t. Lamashtu uchodzi za jedn\u0105 z najstarszych udokumentowanych postaci szkodliwych w historii religii \u015bwiatowych.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Jak chroniono si\u0119 przed Lamashtu?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Najwa\u017cniejszym \u015brodkiem ochrony przed Lamashtu by\u0142 amulet Pazuzu \u2013<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Noszony przedmiot, kt\u00f3remu przypisuje si\u0119 ochronne, odp\u0119dzaj\u0105ce nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie dzia\u0142anie.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span>, paradoksalnie inny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota duchowa, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 szkodliwe lub ambiwalentne dzia\u0142anie.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>, kt\u00f3ry jednak by\u0142 wykorzystywany jako obro\u0144ca przed Lamashtu. Obok niego istnia\u0142y specjalne tabliczki z zakl\u0119ciami (tabliczki Lamashtu), amulety z wizerunkami zwierz\u0105t oraz teksty rytualne, kt\u00f3re wytyka\u0142y demonicy jej w\u0142asn\u0105 s\u0142abo\u015b\u0107 \u2013 w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci powr\u00f3t do ojca Anu.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-lamashtu-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-lamashtu-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kim by\u0142a Lamashtu?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Lamashtu by\u0142a mezopotamsk\u0105 demonic\u0105 uwa\u017can\u0105 za c\u00f3rk\u0119 boga nieba Anu. Zagra\u017ca\u0142a przede wszystkim ci\u0119\u017carnym i niemowl\u0119tom, sprowadza\u0142a poronienia, gor\u0105czk\u0119 po\u0142ogow\u0105 i nag\u0142\u0105 \u015bmier\u0107 niemowl\u0105t. Lamashtu uchodzi za jedn\u0105 z najstarszych udokumentowanych postaci szkodliwych w historii religii \u015bwiatowych.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Jak chroniono si\u0119 przed Lamashtu?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Najwa\u017cniejszym \u015brodkiem ochrony przed Lamashtu by\u0142 amulet Pazuzu \u2013 paradoksalnie inny demon, kt\u00f3ry jednak by\u0142 wykorzystywany jako obro\u0144ca przed Lamashtu. Obok niego istnia\u0142y specjalne tabliczki z zakl\u0119ciami (tabliczki Lamashtu), amulety z wizerunkami zwierz\u0105t oraz teksty rytualne, kt\u00f3re wytyka\u0142y demonicy jej w\u0142asn\u0105 s\u0142abo\u015b\u0107 \u2013 w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci powr\u00f3t do ojca Anu.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lamashtu, D\u00e4monin der mesopotamischen Tradition Lamashtu ist D\u00e4monin der mesopotamischen Tradition. Kinder- und W\u00f6chnerinnen-D\u00e4monin des alten Zweistromlandes. D\u00e4moninMesopotamien Inhaltsverzeichnis Lamashtu Lamashtu z\u00e4hlt zu den am ausf\u00fchrlichsten \u00fcberlieferten D\u00e4monen des alten Zweistromlandes. Anders als viele namenlose Krankheits- oder Windwesen tritt sie in den Keilschrifttexten als Einzelgestalt mit eigener Herkunftsgeschichte, festem Aufgabenfeld und charakteristischer Bildsprache auf. Sie [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7849,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Lamashtu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Lamashtu, demonica tradycji mezopotamskiej","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Lamashtu, demonica tradycji mezopotamskiej, nale\u017cy do najobszerniej udokumentowanych demon\u00f3w staro\u017cytnego Mi\u0119dzyrzecza. Wizerunek, funkcja i obrona.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[158,160,157,159],"class_list":["post-7848","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-demony","category-demony-dzieciece","category-kultury","category-mezopotamia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lamashtu, demonica tradycji mezopotamskiej<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lamashtu, demonica tradycji mezopotamskiej, nale\u017cy do najobszerniej udokumentowanych demon\u00f3w staro\u017cytnego Mi\u0119dzyrzecza. 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