{"id":15740,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fujin-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-18T14:48:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T14:48:41","slug":"fujin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/fujin\/","title":{"rendered":"Fujin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15740\" class=\"elementor elementor-15740 elementor-2085 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fujin, b\u00f3g japo\u0144skiej tradycji<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fujin jest bogiem japa\u0144skiej tradycji.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00f3g wiatru, dziki worek powietrza, przewodnik chmur.<\/strong>Fujin jest japo\u0144skim bogiem wiatru, rzadko czczonym, lecz ikonograficznie niepowtarzalnym. Przedstawiany jako umi\u0119\u015bniona, czerwona lub zielona posta\u0107 z rozczochranymi w\u0142osami, nosi na plecach ogromny worek lub sakw\u0119 pe\u0142n\u0105 wiatr\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Obiema r\u0119kami otwiera lub zamyka worek, aby uwolni\u0107 wiatry lub je okie\u0142zna\u0107. W dzie\u0142ach sztuki cz\u0119sto jedzie obok Raijina (boga gromu) \u2013 nierozerwalne partnerstwo: Fujin sp\u0119dza chmury razem, Raijin przemienia je w grzmot. Razem wywo\u0142uj\u0105 budz\u0105ce groz\u0119 tajfuny Pacyfiku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u00f3g \/ bogini: uosobiona najwy\u017csza moc w panteonie danej kultury, o wyra\u017anie okre\u015blonych kompetencjach \u2013 si\u0142y przyrody, los, wojna, p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107. Czczony poprzez kulty, ofiary i instytucje \u015bwi\u0105tynne.\">B\u00f3g<\/span><a href=\"\/pl\/japonia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japo\u0144skie shinto-kami oraz buddyjsko-yokai-\u015bwiaty.\">Japonia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_fujin-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1603\" alt=\"Fujin - G\u00f6tter aus der Japan-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_fujin-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_fujin-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_fujin-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_fujin.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fujin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">W skr\u00f3cie: Fujin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong>Japo\u0144skie b\u00f3stwo g\u0142\u00f3wne (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rdzenna religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span>), b\u00f3g wiatru<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rdzenna religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span>i tradycja ludowego buddyzmu<br>Funkcja: wiatr, towarzysz burz, nios\u0105cy wiatry \u015bwiata<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne atrybuty: worek z wiatrem na ramionach, zielono-demoniczne rysy, dzikie w\u0142osy<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne miejsca kultu: Sanjusangendo (Kioto, wsp\u00f3lnie z Raijinem), Senso-ji (Tokio, Brama Gromu)<br>B\u00f3stwo towarzysz\u0105ce: Raijin (b\u00f3g gromu)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klasyfikacja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres powstania tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u016bjin jest po\u015bwiadczony literacko od VIII w. w <em>Kojiki<\/em> i <em>Nihon shoki<\/em>. Szczytowy okres tradycji ikonograficznej przypada na czasy Heian i Kamakura. S\u0142ynny dyptyk Tawaraya S\u014dtatsu przedstawiaj\u0105cy Raijina i F\u016bjina (XVII w., Kennin-ji) jest najpopularniejszym wyobra\u017ceniem obu b\u00f3stw.<\/p><p>Statua F\u016bjina w Sanjusangendo nale\u017cy do wybitnych dzie\u0142 japo\u0144skiej sztuki sakralnej. W XIII w. F\u016bjin odegra\u0142 szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 rol\u0119 w mitologicznej interpretacji kamikaze (&#8217;boski wiatr&#8217;), kt\u00f3ry w latach 1274 i 1281 zatopi\u0142 flot\u0119 mongolsk\u0105.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zasi\u0119g geograficzny<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u0142\u00f3wne miejsca kultu: <strong>Sanjusangendo<\/strong> w Kioto (ze statuami Raijina i F\u016bjina w przedsionku), <strong>Senso-ji<\/strong> w Tokio (Kaminari-mon, Brama Gromu, z Raijinem po jednej i F\u016bjinem po drugiej stronie), <strong>Kennin-ji<\/strong> w Kioto (obraz S\u014dtatsu). Ponadto w ka\u017cdej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub wielu b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tyni<\/span> lub <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ma\u0142e, \u015bwi\u0119te miejsce przechowywania przedmiot\u00f3w kultu lub modlitwy.\" tabindex=\"0\">przybytku<\/span>, kt\u00f3ry zapewnia ochron\u0119 przed z\u0142\u0105 pogod\u0105. W ludowych wierzeniach wiejskich wzywany szczeg\u00f3lnie przez \u017ceglarzy i rolnik\u00f3w.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u0142\u00f3wne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a: <em>Kojiki<\/em> (Ksi\u0119ga I), <em>Nihon shoki<\/em> (mity burzowe), dzie\u0142a malarskie S\u014dtatsu (Kennin-ji, XVII w.), zapisy \u015bwi\u0105tyni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub wielu b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sanjusangendo<\/span>. Literatura pomocnicza: Kasahara, <em>A History of Japanese Religion<\/em>; Aston, <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rdzenna religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span>. The Way of the Gods<\/em>; Kanda, <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rdzenna religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span> in History<\/em>; Bocking, <em>A Popular Dictionary of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rdzenna religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span><\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i sposoby zapisu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fujin jest wyra\u017anie fizycznym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w obr\u0119bie danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwem<\/span> \u2013 umi\u0119\u015bnion\u0105 postaci\u0105, cz\u0119sto barwion\u0105 na czerwono lub zielono, z chaotycznymi w\u0142osami sprawiaj\u0105cymi wra\u017cenie wiru wiatru. Centraln\u0105 ikon\u0105 jest jego ogromny worek lub sakwa (<em>kaze-no-fukuro<\/em>, worek na wiatr), kt\u00f3ry nosi za sob\u0105 lub trzyma w r\u0119kach.<\/p><p>Jedn\u0105 r\u0119k\u0105 otwiera worek i pozwala wiatrom wyp\u0142ywa\u0107; drug\u0105 ci\u0105gnie go lub zamyka. Jego cia\u0142o zdaje si\u0119 rozbijane przez wiry wiatru. Fujin jest rzadko ukazywany sam \u2013 zazwyczaj obok Raijina, w symetrycznej kompozycji z dynamicznymi, uko\u015bnymi liniami. Ich parowanie symbolizuje wsp\u00f3\u0142dzia\u0142anie wiatru i gromu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cechy charakterystyczne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fujin jest bogiem tajfun\u00f3w, ale tak\u017ce dawc\u0105 jesiennego wiatru p\u00f3\u0142nocnego, kt\u00f3ry niesie plony. Jego funkcja jest ambiwalentna jak Raijina: bez Fujina nie by\u0142oby wiatr\u00f3w u\u017cy\u017aniaj\u0105cych, lecz tajfuny niszcz\u0105 plony i zabijaj\u0105 ludzi. Kult ludowy jest minimalny i formalny \u2013 istnieje niewiele przybytk\u00f3w po\u015bwi\u0119conych wy\u0142\u0105cznie Fujinowi.<\/p><p>Zamiast tego Fujin jest czczony w kontekstach zwi\u0105zanych z Raijinem, jako integralna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 religii burzy. Amulety chroni\u0105ce przed tajfunami przedstawiaj\u0105 oboje bog\u00f3w razem. W buddyjskich \u015bwi\u0105tyniach wizerunki Raijina i Fujina tworz\u0105 pary, cz\u0119sto na skrzyd\u0142ach drzwi lub obrazach wotywnych (<em>ema<\/em> = obrazy wotywne). Zaufanie do obu b\u00f3stw ma charakter funkcjonalno-magiczny.<\/p><h3>Wygl\u0105d i symbolika<\/h3><p><em>Fujin<\/em> przedstawiany jest jako dzikie, umi\u0119\u015bnione istoty o czerwonawym lub ciemnoniebieskim ciele. Nosi sk\u00f3r\u0119 leoparda lub tygrysa oraz du\u017cy worek z wiatrem na plecach. Jego twarz bywa cz\u0119sto gro\u017ana lub roze\u015bmiana. Otaczaj\u0105 go chmury lub powietrze. Czasem ukazywany jest wsp\u00f3lnie z Raijinem (czerwonym) na ob\u0142oku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Fujin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty F\u016bjina w skr\u00f3cie. Poni\u017csze pola podsumowuj\u0105 pochodzenie, funkcj\u0119, wygl\u0105d, kult, symbole i kulturowe paralele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst kulturowy<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u016bjin (jap. <em>F\u016bjin<\/em>, 'b\u00f3g wiatru&#8217;) jest synem bogini stworzenia Izanami, zrodzonym z jej rozk\u0142adaj\u0105cego si\u0119 oddechu w Yomi (za\u015bwiatach), r\u00f3wnolegle z aspektami gromu. W p\u00f3\u017aniejszych tradycjach zwi\u0105zany z bogiem gromu Raijinem jako brat\/towarzysz \u2013 para wiatr-grzmot jest centralnym ikonograficznym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motywem<\/span> sztuki japo\u0144skiej. W tradycji ludowej spokrewniony z Susano-o (bogiem burzy).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u0105g odbiorc\u00f3w Fujina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patron wiatru, zar\u00f3wno budz\u0105cy groz\u0119 (tajfun, burza), jak i wzywany z pro\u015bb\u0105 (wiatr podr\u00f3\u017cny dla \u017ceglarzy, wiatr plon\u00f3w). Centralny w tradycji rolniczej, gdy\u017c obfite plony wymagaj\u0105 sprzyjaj\u0105cego wiatru.<\/p><p>W wojnie z Mongo\u0142ami (1274, 1281) interpretowany jako 'boski wiatr&#8217; (kamikaze), kt\u00f3ry zatopi\u0142 mongolsk\u0105 flot\u0119 inwazyjn\u0105 \u2013 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywana narracja o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>, kt\u00f3ry jeszcze w XX w. zosta\u0142 reaktywowany w celach polityczno-ideologicznych. W czasach wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych \u2013 ochrona przed tajfunami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zielone, umi\u0119\u015bnione cia\u0142o m\u0119\u017cczyzny o demonicznych rysach (rogi, ostre z\u0119by, dzikie w\u0142osy). Charakterystyczny: <em>worek na wiatr<\/em> niesiony na ramionach, z kt\u00f3rego uciekaj\u0105 wiatry ze wszystkich stron \u015bwiata. Nosi jedynie przepask\u0119 biodrow\u0105 lub tygrysi\u0105 sk\u00f3r\u0119. Na klasycznych obrazach (S\u014dtatsu) unosi si\u0119 na ob\u0142oku wsp\u00f3lnie z Raijinem (czerwonym, z wie\u0144cem b\u0119bn\u00f3w). W Bramie Gromu Senso-ji pot\u0119\u017cna figura z szeroko otwartymi ustami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dzia\u0142anie Fujina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Obszar oddzia\u0142ywania:<\/strong>F\u016bjin jest wzywany w regionach przybrze\u017cnych i w spo\u0142eczno\u015bciach wyspiarskich z pro\u015bb\u0105 o ochron\u0119 przed tajfunami. \u017beglarze modl\u0105 si\u0119 do niego przed ka\u017cd\u0105 podr\u00f3\u017c\u0105 o sprzyjaj\u0105cy wiatr. W tradycji rolniczej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"B\u0142agalne lub przyzywaj\u0105ce zwr\u00f3cenie si\u0119 do b\u00f3stwa lub mocy.\" tabindex=\"0\">przyzywanie<\/span> o wiatr we w\u0142a\u015bciwym czasie podczas kwitnienia ro\u015blin. W Senso-ji odwiedzaj\u0105cy dotykaj\u0105 lampy Bramy Gromu jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ustalona sekwencja symbolicznych czynno\u015bci o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytua\u0142<\/span> przynosz\u0105cy szcz\u0119\u015bcie. We wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych wierzeniach ludowych wci\u0105\u017c obecny za spraw\u0105 anime i popkultury.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrona przed Fujinem<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Worek na wiatr na ramionach, rogi, ostre z\u0119by, dzikie w\u0142osy, przepaska biodrowa z tygrysiej sk\u00f3ry, zielona (niekiedy niebieskozielona) sk\u00f3ra, podstawa z ob\u0142ok\u00f3w. \u015awi\u0119te zwierz\u0119ta: tygrys (futro), jele\u0144 (w niekt\u00f3rych tradycjach). \u015awi\u0119te ro\u015bliny: bambus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odpowiedniki<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Aiolos<\/em> (Grecja, kr\u00f3l wiatr\u00f3w, trzyma wiatry w buk\u0142aku \u2013 godna uwagi paralela do worka F\u016bjina), <em>V\u0101yu<\/em> (hinduizm, b\u00f3g wiatru), <em>Stribog<\/em> (s\u0142owia\u0144ski, b\u00f3g wiatru), <em>Njord<\/em> (germa\u0144ski, b\u00f3g wiatru i morza), <em>Shu<\/em> (Egipt, b\u00f3g powietrza\/wiatru), <em>Enlil<\/em> (Mezopotamia, b\u00f3g burzy), <em>Adad\/Hadad<\/em> (Mezopotamia, b\u00f3g pogody), <em>Feng Bo<\/em> (Chiny, chi\u0144ski odpowiednik boga wiatru). Paralela z Aiolosem jest szczeg\u00f3lnie godna uwagi ze wzgl\u0119du na motyw worka na wiatr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktyki ochronne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Rytua\u0142y czci<\/h3><p>F\u016bjin (jap. \u98a8\u795e, 'b\u00f3g wiatru&#8217;) jest bogiem pogody w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rdzenna religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span> i buddyzmie, ikonograficznie komplementarny do Raijina (boga gromu). G\u0142\u00f3wne wyobra\u017cenia: monumentalne statuy F\u016bjina i Raijina w Sanj\u016bsangen-do (Kioto, 1164) oraz s\u0142ynny dwuskrzyd\u0142owy parawan S\u014dtatsu w Kennin-ji (XVII w.) \u2013 kluczowe dzie\u0142o szko\u0142y Rinpa. W regionach rolniczych wznoszono mu osobne przybytkiwiatr\u00f3w, cz\u0119sto na szczytach wzg\u00f3rz.<\/p><h3>Przyzywania<\/h3><p>Modlitwy norito kierowane do F\u016bjina k\u0142ad\u0105 nacisk na pro\u015bb\u0119 o u\u015bmierzenie burzy. Buddyjskie imi\u0119 towarzysz\u0105ce <em>V\u0101yu<\/em> (skt. b\u00f3g wiatru) \u0142\u0105czy go z indyjskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonem<\/span>. W epoce Edo (XVII\u2013XIX w.) F\u016bjin pojawia\u0142 si\u0119 w licznych malowid\u0142ach rodzajowych jako ambiwalentna si\u0142a natury \u2013 pomocnik i zagro\u017cenie zarazem.<\/p><h3>Amulety i symbole ochronne<\/h3><p>F\u016bjin nosi na ramionach du\u017cy worek na wiatr (<em>kazebukuro<\/em>), z kt\u00f3rego wydobywaj\u0105 si\u0119 wiatry z czterech stron \u015bwiata. Zielona sk\u00f3ra, rogi \u2013 ukszta\u0142towany podobnie do Raijina, oboje tworz\u0105 par\u0119 ikonograficzn\u0105. Amulety ochronne z wiatrowych przybytk\u00f3w dla \u017ceglarzy i podr\u00f3\u017cnych. Dzwonki wiatrowe (<em>f\u016brin<\/em>) przy domach jako symboliczny ho\u0142d dla F\u016bjina i letni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religioznawczy termin na przedmiot lub znak pe\u0142ni\u0105cy funkcj\u0119 odczyniaj\u0105c\u0105 nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaion<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fujin, paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fujin przypomina greckiego Aiolosa (w\u0142adc\u0119 wiatr\u00f3w), nordyckiego Njorda (wiatr i morze) oraz indyjskiego Vayu (element powietrza). W odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od Aiolosa, kt\u00f3ry przechowuje wiatry w workach (Odyseja), worek Fujina jest aktywny \u2013 uwalnia wiatr lub go zatrzymuje, co nadaje mu dynamiczny charakter.<\/p><p>Z meksyka\u0144skim Quetzalcoatlem (bogiem wiatru) Fujin dzieli aspekty stw\u00f3rcze (wiatr rodzi \u017cycie). Wyj\u0105tkowe jest nierozerwalne partnerstwo z Raijinem: nie s\u0105 hierarchiczni, lecz symbiotyczni. Wiatr bez gromu jest bezu\u017cyteczny; grom bez wiatru \u2013 niekompletny. Fujin i Raijin s\u0105 japo\u0144skim przyk\u0142adem si\u0142, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 sens tylko razem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp511edd2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp511edd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd184e23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd184e23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">F\u016bjin i Raijin: boska para wiatru i gromu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdac20a9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpdac20a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3e3ea83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3e3ea83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u016bjin (<em>\u98a8\u795e<\/em>, 'b\u00f3g wiatru&#8217;) pojawia si\u0119 w japo\u0144skim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i narracji z pokolenia na pokolenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">przekazie<\/span> niemal zawsze wsp\u00f3lnie z Raijinem (<em>\u96f7\u795e<\/em>), bogiem gromu. Oboje tworz\u0105 sta\u0142\u0105 par\u0119 ikonograficzn\u0105, uciele\u015bniaj\u0105c\u0105 nieposkromione si\u0142y nieba. W \u015bwi\u0105tyniach ich statuy stoj\u0105 cz\u0119sto jako figury stra\u017cnicze po obu stronach bramy \u2013 F\u016bjin zazwyczaj po prawej, Raijin po lewej stronie wchodz\u0105cego.<\/p><p>Zwi\u0105zek obu b\u00f3stw ma meteorologiczny rdze\u0144: burze i grzmoty wyst\u0119puj\u0105 razem, a zar\u00f3wno niszczycielski, jak i urodzajny aspekt pogody rozdzielony jest mi\u0119dzy oboje. F\u016bjin nosi sw\u00f3j charakterystyczny worek na wiatr na ramionach, z kt\u00f3rego uwalnia wiatry.<\/p><p>Raijin uderza pa\u0142eczkami w wieniec b\u0119bn\u00f3w. W tradycji malarskiej F\u016bjin jest zazwyczaj przedstawiany z zielon\u0105 sk\u00f3r\u0105, Raijin z czerwon\u0105 \u2013 oboje o rysach demonopodobnych, wskazuj\u0105cych na ich przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 do sfery b\u00f3stw wzbudzaj\u0105cych groz\u0119, nie za\u015b \u0142agodnych.<\/p><p>Ta ambiwalencja jest kluczowa dla zrozumienia obu postaci. F\u016bjin nie jest dobroczynnymduchem opieku\u0144czym, lecz moc\u0105, kt\u00f3ra r\u00f3wnie dobrze przynosi tajfun, co \u0142agodn\u0105 bryz\u0119. Japo\u0144ska religijno\u015b\u0107 nie klasyfikowa\u0142a takich b\u00f3stw moralnie, lecz traktowa\u0142a je jako si\u0142y przyrody, kt\u00f3re nale\u017ca\u0142o uczyni\u0107 przychylnymi poprzez cze\u015b\u0107 i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ustalona sekwencja symbolicznych czynno\u015bci o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytua\u0142<\/span>.<\/p><p>Burza mongolska z 1281 r., kt\u00f3ra zniszczy\u0142a flot\u0119 inwazyjn\u0105 Kubilaj-chana, zosta\u0142a p\u00f3\u017aniej okre\u015blona mianem <em>kamikaze<\/em>, 'boskiego wiatru&#8217;, i po\u015brednio wi\u0105zana z dzia\u0142aniem takich b\u00f3stw wiatru \u2013 cho\u0107 wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a nie po\u015bwiadczaj\u0105 bezpo\u015bredniego <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"B\u0142agalne lub przyzywaj\u0105ce zwr\u00f3cenie si\u0119 do b\u00f3stwa lub mocy.\" tabindex=\"0\">przyzywania<\/span> F\u016bjina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbb6eb22 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbb6eb22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0d44119 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0d44119\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obraz wiatru i gromu autorstwa Tawaraya S\u014dtatsu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp112e390 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp112e390\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6e82d3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6e82d3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najs\u0142ynniejszym artystycznym uciele\u015bnieniem F\u016bjina jest dwucz\u0119\u015bciowy parawan <em>F\u016bjin Raijin-zu<\/em>, kt\u00f3ry Tawaraya S\u014dtatsu stworzy\u0142 na pocz\u0105tku XVII wieku. Dzie\u0142o nale\u017cy dzi\u015b do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub wielu b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tyni<\/span> Kennin-ji w Kioto i zosta\u0142o wpisane na list\u0119 narodowych skarb\u00f3w Japonii.<\/p><p>S\u014dtatsu umie\u015bci\u0142 oba b\u00f3stwa na z\u0142otym tle, bez pejza\u017cu, bez narracyjnej ramy \u2013 jedynie z ich pasami chmur. F\u016bjin skacze w obraz z prawej strony, z napi\u0119tym, pe\u0142nym workiem na wiatr uniesionym nad g\u0142ow\u0105.<\/p><p>Kompozycja sta\u0142a si\u0119 kluczowym dzie\u0142em tzw. szko\u0142y Rinpa. Ogata K\u014drin skopiowa\u0142 j\u0105 oko\u0142o 1700 r. niemal wiernie, a Sakai H\u014ditsu stworzy\u0142 kolejn\u0105 wersj\u0119 na pocz\u0105tku XIX wieku.<\/p><p>Ten \u0142a\u0144cuch reinterpretacji nie jest zwyk\u0142ym odwzorowaniem \u2013 w japo\u0144skiej tradycji artystycznej stanowi uznan\u0105 form\u0119 dialogu z kanonicznym wzorcem. Ka\u017cda wersja przesuwa szczeg\u00f3\u0142y kolorystyki i prowadzenia chmur.<\/p><p>Z historycznoartystycznego punktu widzenia godne uwagi jest to, \u017ce S\u014dtatsu nie mo\u017cna przypisa\u0107 \u017cadnego starszego, pojedynczego wzorca dla tego pomys\u0142u kompozycyjnego. Prawdopodobnie przetworzy\u0142 dawniejsze wyobra\u017cenia obu b\u00f3stw z buddyjskich program\u00f3w ikonograficznych, na przyk\u0142ad z figur towarzysz\u0105cych Tysi\u0105cramiennej Kannon.<\/p><p>Z religijnego elementu ikonograficznego powsta\u0142o w ten spos\u00f3b autonomiczne dzie\u0142o sztuki. Parawan ilustruje wzorcowo, jak \u015bci\u015ble w Japonii religijna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o tre\u015bciach obraz\u00f3w i ich znaczeniu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> i \u015bwiecka sztuka wysoka pozostawa\u0142y ze sob\u0105 splecione oraz jak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w obr\u0119bie danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwo<\/span> mo\u017ce poprzez histori\u0119 sztuki rozwin\u0105\u0107 w\u0142asn\u0105 lini\u0119 oddzia\u0142ywania, cz\u0119\u015bciowo niezale\u017cn\u0105 od pobo\u017cno\u015bci \u015bwi\u0105tynnej.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp543a493 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp543a493\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpacf911d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpacf911d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pocz\u0105tki i wp\u0142yw Jedwabnego Szlaku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp06ccce7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp06ccce7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb97d717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb97d717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Badacze od dawna dyskutuj\u0105, czy charakterystyczny worek na wiatr F\u016bjina jest oryginalnym tworem japo\u0144skim, czy te\u017c przeby\u0142 d\u0142ug\u0105 drog\u0119 w\u0119dr\u00f3wki. Szeroko rozpowszechniona teza \u0142\u0105czy ten <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> z greckim bogiem wiatru Boreasem, kt\u00f3ry w sztuce hellenistycznej r\u00f3wnie\u017c by\u0142 przedstawiany z rozpi\u0119tym nad g\u0142ow\u0105 p\u0142\u00f3tnem lub p\u0142aszczem.<\/p><p>Poprzez sztuk\u0119 Gandhary pod wp\u0142ywem greckim, na terenie dzisiejszego Pakistanu i Afganistanu, nast\u0119pnie przez Azj\u0119 Centraln\u0105 i Chiny, schemat ikonograficzny m\u00f3g\u0142 trafi\u0107 do Japonii szlakami handlowymi.<\/p><p>Dowod\u00f3w na t\u0119 drog\u0119 dostarczaj\u0105 malowid\u0142a \u015bcienne w grotach Dunhuang w zachodn\u00edch Chinach, gdzie pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 przynosz\u0105ce wiatr postaci z podobnym atrybutem. Teza jest przekonuj\u0105ca, lecz w szczeg\u00f3\u0142ach pozostaje niepewna, gdy\u017c \u0142a\u0144cuch przekazu zawiera luki, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powracaj\u0105cy element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motyw<\/span> powiewaj\u0105cego p\u0142\u00f3tna m\u00f3g\u0142 te\u017c powsta\u0107 niezale\u017cnie.<\/p><p>W obr\u0119bie Japonii posta\u0107 ta zla\u0142a si\u0119 z rodzimymi wyobra\u017ceniami. Shint\u014d zna w\u0142asne b\u00f3stwa wiatru \u2013 Shinatsuhiko i Shinatobe \u2013 wymienione we wczesnych kronikach <em>Kojiki<\/em> i <em>Nihon shoki<\/em> i czczone w przybytkaach takich jak Tatsuta-Taisha.<\/p><p>F\u016bjin w swej charakterystycznej demonopodobnej formie ikonograficznej nale\u017cy natomiast silniej do kr\u0119gu wyobra\u017ce\u0144 ukszta\u0142towanych przez buddyzm. W \u017cywej religii oba nurty wsp\u00f3\u0142istnia\u0142y, nie b\u0119d\u0105c systematycznie ujednolicane. Ta wielowarstwowo\u015b\u0107 jest typowa dla japo\u0144skiej historii religii, w kt\u00f3rej elementy importowane i rodzime nak\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 na siebie, zamiast si\u0119 wzajemnie wypiera\u0107.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odsy\u0142acze<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/pl\/raijin\/\">Raijin, b\u00f3g gromu \u2013 towarzysz (para ikonograficzna)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/izanami\/\">Izanami, matka<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/japonia\/\">Japonia, przegl\u0105d panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa\/\">Bogowie, przegl\u0105d klas<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (wyb\u00f3r)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Aston, William G.: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rdzenna religia Japonii, ukszta\u0142towana przez kult kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span>. The Way of the Gods<\/em>. London 1905.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kasahara, Kazuo (red.): <em>A History of Japanese Religion<\/em>. Tokyo 2001.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (red.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (has\u0142o 'F\u016bjin&#8217;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dalsze standardowe opracowania w <a href=\"\/pl\/literatura\/\">bibliografii<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1603,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Fujin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Fujin \u2013 b\u00f3g wiatru i worek na wiatry tajfun\u00f3w Japonii","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Partner Raijina, ogromny worek na wiatr i w\u0142adza nad tajfunami \u2013 si\u0142a powietrza w japo\u0144skim 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