{"id":15737,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/nabu-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-18T14:48:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T14:48:37","slug":"nabu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/nabu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nabu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15737\" class=\"elementor elementor-15737 elementor-2080 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu \u2013 b\u00f3g tradycji mezopotamskiej<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu jest bogiem tradycji mezopotamskiej.<\/p><p><strong>B\u00f3g sztuki pisarskiej, skryba bog\u00f3w, syn Marduka.<\/strong> Nabu (zwany te\u017c Nebo) nie jest najpot\u0119\u017cniejszym, lecz jednym z najbardziej uczonych bog\u00f3w Mezopotamii. Siedzi z rylcem i tabliczk\u0105 do pisania w Borsippie, zapisuj\u0105c los ka\u017cdego cz\u0142owieka na kamiennych tablicach prawa \u015bwiata. Tam gdzie inni bogowie rz\u0105dz\u0105 przez b\u0142yskawic\u0119 i wojn\u0119, Nabu rz\u0105dzi przez s\u0142owo \u2013 jego pisma i zakl\u0119cia s\u0105 fundamentem wszelkiej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktyki, kt\u00f3re poprzez szczeg\u00f3lne dzia\u0142ania lub formu\u0142y chc\u0105 ingerowa\u0107 w bieg rzeczy.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span> und Gesetzm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u00f3g \/ bogini: Uosobiona najwy\u017csza moc w panteonie danej kultury, o wyra\u017anie okre\u015blonych kompetencjach \u2013 si\u0142y natury, przeznaczenie, wojna, p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107. Czczony poprzez kulty, ofiary i instytucje \u015bwi\u0105tynne.\">B\u00f3g<\/span><a href=\"\/pl\/mezopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kolebka udokumentowanej religii \u2013 Sumer, Akad, Babilon, Asyria (ok. 3500 r. p.n.e. \u2013 330 r. p.n.e.).\">Mezopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-130556\" alt=\"Nabu - bogowie z tradycji mezopotamskiej, ilustracja historyczna\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00f3tki profil: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Mezopotamskie b\u00f3stwo g\u0142\u00f3wne, b\u00f3g skryb\u00f3w i m\u0105dro\u015bci<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Babilon, Assur (syn Marduka)<br>Funkcja: sztuka pisarska, tablice przeznaczenia, astronomia, m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne atrybuty: rylec pisarski, tabliczka gliniana, wysokie diadem-nakrycie g\u0142owy, smok (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u)<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne miejsca kultu: Borsippa (g\u0142\u00f3wne centrum kultu, E-zida-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynia<\/span>), Babilon, Niniwa<br>Identyfikacja astronomiczna: Merkury<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klasyfikacja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres powstania tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu po\u015bwiadczony jest od czas\u00f3w starobabilo\u0144skich (wczesne II tysi\u0105clecie p.n.e.). Okres rozkwitu w epoce nowobabilo\u0144skiej (VII\u2013VI w. p.n.e.) \u2013 za Nabopolassara i Nabuchodonozora II <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynia<\/span> E-zida w Borsippie zostaje rozbudowana do rangi jednej z najwa\u017cniejszych budowli Babilonu.<\/p><p>W p\u00f3\u017anym okresie achemenidzkm i seleukidzkim Nabu pozostaje centraln\u0105 postaci\u0105; wraz z upadkiem kr\u00f3lestwa babilo\u0144skiego (I w. n.e.) wygasa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 religijnych czynno\u015bci kultowych oddawanych b\u00f3stwu lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zasi\u0119g geograficzny<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u0142\u00f3wnym centrum kultu by\u0142o <strong>Borsippa<\/strong> (dzi\u015b Birs Nimrud, ok. 17 km na po\u0142udnie od Babilonu) ze s\u0142ynn\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tyni\u0105<\/span> <em>E-zida<\/em>. Ponadto Babilon (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynia<\/span> w kompleksie Esagila), Niniwa (g\u0142\u00f3wne centrum kultu w Asyrii), Kalhu (Nimrud, nisza kultowa w Ezida z Kalhu).<\/p><p>W kr\u00f3lestwie nowobabilo\u0144skim centralnym wydarzeniem by\u0142a doroczna procesja Akitu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uroczysta religijna procesja.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesja<\/span>: Nabu podr\u00f3\u017cowa\u0142 na \u0142odzi z Borsippy do Babilonu, do Marduka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u0142\u00f3wne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (syn Marduka), inskrypcje kr\u00f3l\u00f3w nowobabilo\u0144skich (Nabuchodonozor, Nabonid), <em>Erra<\/em>-epos (wzmianka), inskrypcje z Ezidy w Borsippie, <em>Hymn do Nabu<\/em>. Literatura wt\u00f3rna: Pomponio, <em>Nab\u00fb. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>; Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i warianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu przedstawiany jest jako m\u0142ody brodaty m\u0119\u017cczyzna w spiczastym nakryciu g\u0142owy lub koronie, cz\u0119sto siedz\u0105cy przy biurku lub pochylony nad tabliczkami glinianymi. Jego atrybutem jest rylec pisarski (<em>kalam<\/em>) oraz tabliczka do pisania.<\/p><p>Trzyma niekiedy zw\u00f3j pisma lub nosi legendarn\u0105 tablic\u0119 przeznaczenia (<em>Tuppi \u0160\u012bm\u0101ti<\/em>). Czasem obok niego ukazywany jest ptak-skryba lub smok (jego zwierz\u0119 heraldyczne). Jego barwami s\u0105 b\u0142\u0119kit lub purpura \u2013 szlachetne i m\u0105dre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakterystyka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu jest bogiem skryb\u00f3w, uczonych i astronom\u00f3w. Kto chcia\u0142 czyta\u0107 i pisa\u0107, modli\u0142 si\u0119 do Nabu. Kap\u0142ani konsultowali si\u0119 z nim przy interpretacji \u015bwi\u0119tych znak\u00f3w i wr\u00f3\u017cb. W rytua\u0142ach magicznych wzywano jego imi\u0119 \u2013 pisemne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rytua\u0142 j\u0119zykowy maj\u0105cy przywo\u0142a\u0107 lub zwi\u0105za\u0107 jak\u0105\u015b moc.\" tabindex=\"0\">zakl\u0119cie<\/span> skryby by\u0142o pot\u0119\u017cne, gdy\u017c sam Nabu b\u0142ogos\u0142awi\u0142 pismo.<\/p><p>Jego \u015bwi\u0119to (<em>procesja Nabu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uroczysta religijna procesja.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesja<\/span><\/em>) by\u0142o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uroczysta religijna procesja.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesj\u0105<\/span> z Borsippy do Babilonu, gdzie odwiedza\u0142 swego ojca Marduka. Skrybowie i uczeni czcili go jako swego patrona. Biblioteka w Niniwie by\u0142a Nabu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazane \u015bwi\u0119to\u015bci poprzez czynno\u015b\u0107 religijn\u0105 i tym samym wyniesione ponad sfer\u0119 codzienno\u015bci.\" tabindex=\"0\">po\u015bwi\u0119cona<\/span> \u2013 wszystkie zbiory wiedzy pozostawa\u0142y pod jego opiek\u0105.<\/p><h3>Wygl\u0105d i symbolika<\/h3><p><em>Nabu<\/em> przedstawiany jest jako m\u0142ody m\u0119\u017cczyzna z wysok\u0105 koron\u0105, nios\u0105cy rylec i tabliczki. Otaczaj\u0105 go cz\u0119sto zwoje lub ksi\u0119gi. Jego \u015bwi\u0119tym zwierz\u0119ciem jest uskrzydlony smok <em>Mushussu<\/em> lub niekiedy ptak przenosz\u0105cy pos\u0142ania.<\/p><p><em>Nabu<\/em> nosi cz\u0119sto niebieskie lub zielone szaty \u2013 barwy pisma i wiedzy. Rylec lub pi\u00f3ro jest jego g\u0142\u00f3wnym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119pczy dla jakiego\u015b wyobra\u017cenia lub znaczenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span>. Jego oczy s\u0105 przenikliwe i wszechwiedz\u0105ce, gdy\u017c dostrzegaj\u0105 wszystkie ukryte prawdy. Jego obecno\u015b\u0107 otacza \u015bwiat\u0142o symbolizuj\u0105ce inteligencj\u0119 i o\u015bwiecenie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Nabu w skr\u00f3cie. Poni\u017csze pola podsumowuj\u0105 pochodzenie, funkcj\u0119, wygl\u0105d, kult, symbole i paralele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pochodzenie Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu jest synem Marduka i Sarpanitu. Ma\u0142\u017conkiem <em>Tashmetu<\/em> (bogini po\u015brednictwa). W teogonicznych hierarchiach nale\u017cy do drugiego pokolenia babilo\u0144skiego panteonu. W tradycji asyryjskiej jest wysoko ceniony na r\u00f3wni z Mardukiem \u2013 asyryjscy kr\u00f3lowie cz\u0119sto nosz\u0105 imi\u0119 zawieraj\u0105ce element <em>Nabu-&#8230;<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u0105g oddzia\u0142ywania Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patron sztuki pisarskiej i uczonych \u2013 stan skryb\u00f3w podlega\u0142 mu bezpo\u015brednio. Stra\u017cnik <em>tablic przeznaczenia<\/em> (akad. <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em>): na nich zapisywane s\u0105 losy wszystkich ludzi i rzeczy. Patron astronomii i praktyki naukowej \u2013 kap\u0142ani-astronomowie (<em>tup\u0161arr\u00fb<\/em>) uwa\u017cani byli za jego s\u0142ugi. R\u00f3wnie\u017c w prywatnym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 religijnych czynno\u015bci kultowych oddawanych b\u00f3stwu lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulcie<\/span> patron wszelkiej dzia\u0142alno\u015bci szkolnej i edukacyjnej.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorficzny jako brodaty m\u0119\u017cczyzna z wysokim diadematem-nakryciem g\u0142owy, d\u0142ugim wielowarstwowym strojem. Charakterystyczne atrybuty: <em>rylec pisarski<\/em> (sum. <em>gi-dub-ba<\/em>) i <em>tabliczka gliniana<\/em>, cz\u0119sto na postumencie lub trzymane w r\u0119ce. W towarzystwie smoka-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota \u0142\u0105cz\u0105ca cechy r\u00f3\u017cnych \u017cywych stworze\u0144.\" tabindex=\"0\">istoty hybrydycznej<\/span> <em>Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u<\/em> (przej\u0119tego od Marduka). W gliptyce cz\u0119sto ukazywany siedz\u0105cy z tabliczk\u0105 na kolanie. Stylizowany <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119pczy dla jakiego\u015b wyobra\u017cenia lub znaczenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>: rylec pisarski (por\u00f3wnywalny z kaduceuszem).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dzia\u0142anie Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Zakres oddzia\u0142ywania:<\/strong> Nabu wzywany by\u0142 przez wszystkich skryb\u00f3w i uczonych. Szko\u0142y skryb\u00f3w rozpoczyna\u0142y dzie\u0144 modlitw\u0105 do Nabu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"J\u0119zykowe zwr\u00f3cenie si\u0119 cz\u0142owieka do b\u00f3stwa.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitw\u0105<\/span>. W prywatnym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 religijnych czynno\u015bci kultowych oddawanych b\u00f3stwu lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulcie<\/span> proszono go o pomy\u015blny wpis losu \u2013 <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em> uwa\u017cane by\u0142y za decyduj\u0105ce.<\/p><p>Procesja Akitu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uroczysta religijna procesja.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesja<\/span> Nabu z Borsippy do Babilonu (w miesi\u0105cu Nisan) by\u0142a jednym z najwi\u0119kszych \u015bwi\u0105t ludowych Mezopotamii. Kr\u00f3lowie okazywali sw\u0105 pobo\u017cno\u015b\u0107, uczestnicz\u0105c w tej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uroczysta religijna procesja.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesji<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrony<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rylec pisarski (gi-dub-ba), tabliczka gliniana, wysokie diadem-nakrycie g\u0142owy, smok (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u), gwiazdy astronomiczne (Merkury), stos tabliczek szkolnych. Ro\u015bliny: tamaryszek (tabliczki pisarskie wykonywano z drewna tamaryszkowego), drewno cedrowe. \u015awi\u0119ta liczba: 14.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoty pokrewne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Thoth<\/em> (Egipt, b\u00f3g skryb\u00f3w i m\u0105dro\u015bci, niemal identyczny pod wzgl\u0119dem funkcji), <em>Hermes<\/em> (Grecja, patron skryb\u00f3w, pos\u0142aniec), <em>Mercurius<\/em> (Rzym, astronomicznie identyczny poprzez Merkurego), <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (hinduizm, bogini wiedzy i pisma), <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012b<\/em> (buddyzm, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"W buddyzmie mahajany istota o\u015bwiecona, kt\u00f3ra odracza w\u0142asne wyzwolenie na rzecz nauczania innych istot.\">Bodhisattwa<\/span> m\u0105dro\u015bci), <em>Mimir<\/em> (tradycja germa\u0144ska, studnia m\u0105dro\u015bci), <em>Ogma<\/em> (tradycja celtycka, wynalazca pisma ogham).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktyki ochronne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Rytua\u0142y kultowe<\/h3><p>Nabu, b\u00f3g skryb\u00f3w i m\u0105dro\u015bci, mia\u0142 swoje g\u0142\u00f3wne centrum kultowe E-zida w Borsippie (8 km na po\u0142udnie od Babilonu). On i jego ojciec Marduk tworzyli centraln\u0105 diad\u0119 bo\u017c\u0105 ojca i syna.<\/p><p>Podczas \u015awi\u0119ta Nowego Roku <em>ak\u012btu<\/em> pos\u0105g Nabu by\u0142 prowadzony procesj\u0105 z Borsippy do Babilonu \u2013 o\u015bmiodniowe \u015bwi\u0119to z kr\u00f3lewskim uni\u017ceniem przed Mardukiem. Uczniowie-skrybowie czcili Nabu ofiarowuj\u0105c tabliczki (sto\u017cki gliniane ze standardowymi frazami ze szkolnego \u017cycia codziennego <em>Edubba<\/em>, por. Bott\u00e9ro).<\/p><h3>Wezwania<\/h3><p>\u201eHymn do Nabu z Eridu&#8221; (BWL 113\u2013115) wys\u0142awia go jako 'r\u0113\u02bei m\u0101ti&#8217; (pasterza kraju). Przy zawieraniu um\u00f3w wzywano rylec i tabliczk\u0119 Nabu jako gwarant\u00f3w. Codzienna modlitwa skryb\u00f3w nad rylcem zaczyna\u0142a si\u0119 od s\u0142\u00f3w 'Nab\u00fb \u0161\u016bp\u016b q\u0101t\u012bya&#8217; (Nabu, uczy\u0144 doskona\u0142ymi moje r\u0119ce).<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"J\u0119zykowe zwr\u00f3cenie si\u0119 cz\u0142owieka do b\u00f3stwa.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitwa<\/span> skryb\u00f3w zaczyna\u0142a si\u0119 od s\u0142\u00f3w 'Nab\u00fb \u0161\u016bp\u016b q\u0101t\u012bya&#8217; (Nabu, uczy\u0144 doskona\u0142ymi moje r\u0119ce).<\/p><h3>Amulety i symbole ochronne<\/h3><p>Rylec (qan-\u1e6duppi) z tabliczk\u0105 \u2013 ikonograficzny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119pczy dla jakiego\u015b wyobra\u017cenia lub znaczenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> Nabu \u2013 pojawia si\u0119 na babilo\u0144skich i asyryjskich kamieniach granicznych (kudurru, por. Slanski). Apotropaiczne cylindry gliniane z odci\u015bni\u0119tymi tekstami, umieszczane pod progami dom\u00f3w, mia\u0142y chroni\u0107 wiedz\u0119, sztuk\u0119 pisarsk\u0105 i umowy. Jego \u015bwi\u0119tym zwierz\u0119ciem jest mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u (smok-w\u0105\u017c), widoczny na Bramie Isztar w Babilonie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu \u2013 paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu przypomina egipskiego Thota \u2013 obaj s\u0105 bogami pisma, m\u0105dro\u015bci i magicznego s\u0142owa. Z greckim Hermesem \u0142\u0105czy go rola po\u015brednika i w\u0142adza nad j\u0119zykiem. W tradycji hebrajskiej brak bezpo\u015bredniej paraleli, cho\u0107 posta\u0107 ta nosi cechy poj\u0119cia s\u0142owa <em>Dabar Adonai<\/em> (S\u0142owa Bo\u017cego).<\/p><p>W kulturach indyjskich mo\u017cna go por\u00f3wna\u0107 z Saraswati \u2013 bogini\u0105 j\u0119zyka, sztuk i wiedzy. Nabu jest jedynym bogiem, kt\u00f3ry nie ginie w milczeniu, lecz trwa przez tablice i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynie<\/span> nosz\u0105ce jego imi\u0119.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp755c94f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp755c94f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9781a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9781a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu i sztuka pisania: b\u00f3g tabliczki i rylca<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3dd17cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3dd17cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp36a4fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp36a4fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu by\u0142 uwa\u017cany w babilo\u0144skim i asyryjskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonie<\/span> za boga sztuki pisarskiej, uczono\u015bci i m\u0105dro\u015bci. Jego najwa\u017cniejszym atrybutem jest rylec pisarski, kt\u00f3rym zapisywano na tabliczkach glinianych.<\/p><p>W tekstach i przedstawieniach ukazuje si\u0119 jako ten, kt\u00f3ry dzier\u017cy rylec; przypisywano mu nadz\u00f3r nad tablicami przeznaczenia, na kt\u00f3rych zapisywane s\u0105 losy cz\u0142owieka i \u015bwiata.<\/p><p>Ten zakres kompetencji nadawa\u0142 Nabu szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 pozycj\u0119 wobec skryb\u00f3w i uczonych, kt\u00f3rzy w Mezopotamii tworzyli odr\u0119bny, wysoko ceniony stan. Skrybowie okre\u015blali si\u0119 niekiedy wprost jako s\u0142udzy Nabu, a biblioteki i archiwa pozostawa\u0142y pod jego opiek\u0105.<\/p><p>S\u0142ynna biblioteka asyryjskiego kr\u00f3la Assurbanipala w Niniwie, z kt\u00f3rej pochodzi znaczna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 zachowanej literatury mezopotamskiej, by\u0142a zwi\u0105zana z Nabu, a kolofony tabliczek glinianych wzywaj\u0105 boga w formu\u0142ach b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwa.<\/p><p>Powi\u0105zanie pisma, wiedzy i przeznaczenia nie jest przypadkowe. W mezopotamskim wyobra\u017ceniu pisanie by\u0142o czynno\u015bci\u0105 wysokiej rangi, gdy\u017c zapisane s\u0142owo utrwala\u0142o i okre\u015bla\u0142o w spos\u00f3b trwa\u0142y.<\/p><p>B\u00f3g w\u0142adaj\u0105cy pismem sprawowa\u0142 tym samym w\u0142adz\u0119 nad tym, co zosta\u0142o zapisane, a wi\u0119c sta\u0142o si\u0119 wi\u0105\u017c\u0105ce. Nabu nie by\u0142 zatem jedynie patronem rzemios\u0142a, lecz moc\u0105 zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z porz\u0105dkiem, okre\u015bleniem i trwa\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 tego, co raz zosta\u0142o utrwalone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd3da6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbd3da6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7fa5a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7fa5a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Borsippa i Nowy Rok: procesja Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp312f496 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp312f496\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8278646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8278646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u0142\u00f3wnym centrum kultu Nabu by\u0142o miasto Borsippa, niedaleko Babilonu. Sta\u0142a tam jego <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynia<\/span> o nazwie <em>E-zida<\/em> \u2013 'dom prawy lub trwa\u0142y&#8217; \u2013 do kt\u00f3rej nale\u017ca\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c wie\u017ca \u015bwi\u0105tynna.<\/p><p>Borsippa i Babilon by\u0142y ze sob\u0105 \u015bci\u015ble powi\u0105zane, a ta blisko\u015b\u0107 odbija\u0142a si\u0119 te\u017c w relacji obu g\u0142\u00f3wnych bog\u00f3w \u2013 Nabu bowiem uchodzi\u0142 za syna Marduka, boga Babilonu.<\/p><p>Podczas wielkiego babilo\u0144skiego \u015awi\u0119ta Nowego Roku, Akitu na pocz\u0105tku roku, Nabu odgrywa\u0142 widoczn\u0105 rol\u0119. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Plastyczne przedstawienie b\u00f3stwa czczonego w \u015bwi\u0105tyni lub kaplicy.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kultowy wizerunek<\/span> Nabu by\u0142 przenoszony z Borsippy do Babilonu, aby uczestniczy\u0107 w uroczysto\u015bciach.<\/p><p>Ta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uroczysta religijna procesja.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesja<\/span> syna do ojca stanowi\u0142a istotny element \u015bwi\u0119ta. Teksty opisuj\u0105ce przebieg Akitu wspominaj\u0105 przybycie i udzia\u0142 Nabu, a wi\u0119\u017a mi\u0119dzy obydwoma miastami odnawiana by\u0142a co roku <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nale\u017c\u0105cy do ustalonego religijnego porz\u0105dku dzia\u0142a\u0144.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytualnie<\/span>.<\/p><p>Samo \u015awi\u0119to Nowego Roku mia\u0142o wymiar kosmologiczny. Chodzi\u0142o o odnow\u0119 porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata, potwierdzenie w\u0142adzy kr\u00f3lewskiej oraz ustanowienie los\u00f3w na nadchodz\u0105cy rok.<\/p><p>W\u0142a\u015bnie w tym ostatnim punkcie \u015bwi\u0119to styka\u0142o si\u0119 z w\u0142asnym zakresem kompetencji Nabu \u2013 ustanawianie los\u00f3w by\u0142o bowiem \u015bci\u015ble zwi\u0105zane z pismem i tablicami przeznaczenia. Udzia\u0142 Nabu w Akitu nie by\u0142 zatem jedynie gestem familijnej blisko\u015bci wobec Marduka, lecz wpisywa\u0142 si\u0119 merytorycznie w to, za czym ten b\u00f3g si\u0119 opowiada\u0142.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp73f9482 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp73f9482\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfea1510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfea1510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wzrost znaczenia Nabu w pierwszym tysi\u0105cleciu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc85c710 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc85c710\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92e095d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92e095d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pozycja Nabu w mezopotamskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonie<\/span> nie by\u0142a od pocz\u0105tku tak prominentna, jak sta\u0142a si\u0119 p\u00f3\u017aniej. Badacze obserwuj\u0105, \u017ce Nabu zyskiwa\u0142 na znaczeniu w toku drugiego tysi\u0105clecia i w pierwszym tysi\u0105cleciu przed nasz\u0105 er\u0105 \u2013 w czasach asyryjskich i nowobabilo\u0144skich \u2013 awansowa\u0142 do grona najwa\u017cniejszych b\u00f3stw.<\/p><p>Jego wzrost znaczenia przebiega\u0142 r\u00f3wnolegle do rosn\u0105cej roli jego ojca Marduka, kt\u00f3rego wywy\u017cszenie na stanowisko najwy\u017cszego <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota czczona jako boska w ramach danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f3stwa<\/span> Babilonu jest centralnym procesem babilo\u0144skiej historii religii.<\/p><p>Rosn\u0105ce znaczenie Nabu widoczne jest w kilku przes\u0142ankach. Imiona kr\u00f3lewskie zawieraj\u0105ce imi\u0119 boga Nabu staj\u0105 si\u0119 w pierwszym tysi\u0105cleciu cz\u0119ste \u2013 najs\u0142ynniejsze z nich to Nabuchodonozor, kt\u00f3rego imi\u0119 zawiera imi\u0119 boga Nabu.<\/p><p>Kr\u00f3lowie asyryjscy popierali Nabu, wznosili mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynie<\/span> i wymieniali go w inskrypcjach. \u015acis\u0142y zwi\u0105zek Nabu ze stanem skryb\u00f3w i bibliotekami sprawi\u0142, \u017ce b\u00f3g ten by\u0142 g\u0142\u0119boko zakorzeniony w wykszta\u0142conych warstwach spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa.<\/p><p>W p\u00f3\u017aniejszym okresie, gdy kultura babilo\u0144ska trwa\u0142a pod panowaniem perskim, a nast\u0119pnie hellenistycznym, Nabu pozosta\u0142 znacz\u0105c\u0105 postaci\u0105. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub kilku b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015awi\u0105tynia<\/span> w Borsippie by\u0142a piel\u0119gnowana jeszcze przez d\u0142ugi czas.<\/p><p>Wraz ze stopniowym zanikiem kultury klinowej w pierwszych stuleciach naszej ery wygas\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 religijnych czynno\u015bci kultowych oddawanych b\u00f3stwu lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>. Dla wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych badaczy Nabu dost\u0119pny jest przede wszystkim poprzez teksty pisane pod jego opiek\u0105 \u2013 okoliczno\u015b\u0107 dobrze pasuj\u0105ca do boga sztuki pisarskiej.<\/p><p>Jego ojciec <a href=\"\/pl\/marduk\/\">Marduk<\/a> stanowi najbli\u017cszy punkt odniesienia w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonie<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odsy\u0142acze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/pl\/marduk\/\">Marduk, ojciec<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/thoth\/\">Thoth, egipski odpowiednik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/hermes\/\">Hermes, grecka paralela (o ile jako strona)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/mezopotamia\/\">Mezopotamia, przegl\u0105d panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa-najwyzsze\/\">B\u00f3stwa wy\u017csze, podkategoria<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa\/\">Bogowie, przegl\u0105d klas<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura naukowa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Pomponio, Francesco: <em>Nab\u00fb. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>. Rom 1978.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (red.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (has\u0142o 'Nabu&#8217;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dalsze opracowania standardowe w <a href=\"\/pl\/literatura\/\">bibliografii<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1636,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nabu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nabu \u2013 b\u00f3g sztuki pisarskiej i skryba bog\u00f3w","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"B\u00f3g sztuki pisarskiej, skryba przeznaczenia, jego \u015bwi\u0105tynia w Borsippie i tajemna wiedza s\u0142owa w 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