{"id":15694,"date":"2026-04-27T10:35:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:35:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ereshkigal-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-18T14:47:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T14:47:27","slug":"ereshkigal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/ereshkigal\/","title":{"rendered":"Ereshkigal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15694\" class=\"elementor elementor-15694 elementor-1970 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal \u2013 bogini tradycji mezopotamskiej<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal jest bogini\u0105 tradycji mezopotamskiej.<\/p><p>Pani Podziemia, siostra Ishtar, w\u0142adczyni Kur i Irkalla. Ereshkigal jest najpot\u0119\u017cniejsz\u0105 bogini\u0105 Podziemia \u2013 nie z\u0142\u0105, lecz nieub\u0142agan\u0105.<\/p><p>Podczas gdy jej siostra Ishtar przemierza ziemi\u0119 i niebiosa, Ereshkigal siedzi niedost\u0119pna w Irkalla, kr\u00f3lestwie umar\u0142ych, i wraz ze swym ma\u0142\u017conkiem Nergalem sprawuje w\u0142adz\u0119 nad wszystkimi, kt\u00f3rzy przekraczaj\u0105 granic\u0119 za\u015bwiat\u00f3w. Nie przyjmuje go\u015bci \u0142atwo \u2013 kto staje przed jej tronem, musi by\u0107 nieustraszony albo przekl\u0119ty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u00f3g \/ bogini: Uosobiona najwy\u017csza moc w panteonie danej kultury, o wyra\u017anie okre\u015blonych kompetencjach: si\u0142y natury, przeznaczenie, wojna, p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107. Czczona poprzez kulty, ofiary i instytucje \u015bwi\u0105tynne.\">Bogini<\/span><a href=\"\/pl\/mezopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kolebka udokumentowanej religii: Sumer, Akad, Babilon, Asyria (ok. 3500 p.n.e. \u2013 330 p.n.e.).\">Mezopotamia<\/a><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa-smierci\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bogowie Podziemia i \u015bmierci, w\u0142adcy za\u015bwiat\u00f3w, s\u0119dziowie umar\u0142ych, przewodnicy dusz.\">B\u00f3stwo \u015bmierci<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1735\" alt=\"Ereshkigal - G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Szybki przegl\u0105d: Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> Mezopotamska g\u0142\u00f3wna b\u00f3stwo, kr\u00f3lowa Podziemia<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Sumer, Akad\/Babilon\/Asyria<br>Funkcja: w\u0142adczyni kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych (Kur, Irkalla), s\u0119dzia umar\u0142ych, decyduje o losie zmar\u0142ych<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne atrybuty: diadem, czarny p\u0142aszcz, tablica przeznaczenia, siedem stra\u017cnik\u00f3w bram<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne miejsca kultu: Kutha (wsp\u00f3lnie z Nergalem), brak w\u0142asnych du\u017cych <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub wielu b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105ty\u0144<\/span><br>Ma\u0142\u017conek: Nergal (po micie o zej\u015bciu Inanny \u2013<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klasyfikacja historyczna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres powstania tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal jest po\u015bwiadczona od III tysi\u0105clecia p.n.e. (okres sumeryjski).<\/p><p>G\u0142\u00f3wny rozkwit jej mitologii przypada na okres starobabilo\u0144ski (wczesne 2. tys. p.n.e.), z dwoma centralnymi mitami. Pierwszy to zej\u015bcie Inanny do Podziemia: Inanna przybywa do Ereshkigal, zostaje zabita, a nast\u0119pnie przywr\u00f3cona do \u017cycia za spraw\u0105 pos\u0142a\u0144ca Ea. Jej ma\u0142\u017conek Dumuzi musi zej\u015b\u0107 do Podziemia jako ofiara przeb\u0142agalna. Drugi mit to Nergal i Ereshkigal: Nergal przybywa do Podziemia, najpierw zostaje przez ni\u0105 przekl\u0119ty, a nast\u0119pnie zostaje jej m\u0119\u017cem. Jest to schemat mityczny patriarchatu, kt\u00f3ry zmusza dawn\u0105 kr\u00f3low\u0105 Podziemia do wej\u015bcia w zwi\u0105zek ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144ski.<\/p><p>W p\u00f3\u017aniejszych tradycjach nast\u0105pi\u0142 powa\u017cny upadek bezpo\u015bredniego kultu \u2013 jest si\u0119 jej ba\u0107, nie czci\u0107.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zasi\u0119g geograficzny<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bezpo\u015brednio Ereshkigal po\u015bwi\u0119cone <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub wielu b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynie<\/span> s\u0105 rzadko udokumentowane \u2013 jest ona czczon\u0105 ze strachu bogini\u0105 umar\u0142ych. Jej i Nergala wsp\u00f3lnym g\u0142\u00f3wnym miejscem kultu jest <strong>Kutha<\/strong> (dzi\u015b Tell Ibrahim, na p\u00f3\u0142noc od Babilonu), \u201emiasto Nergala&#8221;, rozumiane jako wej\u015bcie do Podziemia.<\/p><p>W osobistym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 religijnych czynno\u015bci kultowych oddawanych b\u00f3stwu lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulcie<\/span> wzywano j\u0105 raczej w obrz\u0119dach pogrzebowych i tekstach zakl\u0119\u0107 ni\u017c w odr\u0119bnych \u015bwi\u0105tyniach. W grecko-rzymskiej tradycji magiczno-teurgicznej (np. PGM IV) by\u0142a przyjmowana jako skuteczna bogini zakl\u0119\u0107.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a g\u0142\u00f3wne: <em>Zej\u015bcie Inanny do Podziemia<\/em> (sumeryjskie, 2. tys. p.n.e.), <em>Zej\u015bcie Isztar do Podziemia<\/em> (wersja akadyjska, bardziej zwi\u0119z\u0142a), <em>Nergal i Ereshkigal<\/em> \u2013 epos (wersje \u015brodkowoasyryjskie i p\u00f3\u017anobabilo\u0144skie), <em>Epos o Gilgameszu<\/em> \u2013 tablica XII (opis Podziemia przez Enkidu).<\/p><p>Literatura wt\u00f3rna: Wolkstein\/Kramer, <em>Inanna<\/em>; Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i sposoby zapisu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal jest cz\u0119sto przedstawiana jako siedz\u0105ca na tronie, w\u0142adcza, z koron\u0105 krzy\u017cow\u0105 i ber\u0142em. Jej oczy jarz\u0105si\u0119 podziemnym ogniem lub mrokiem. Nosi czarne b\u0105d\u017a ciemnofioletowe szaty, otoczona jest demonami i duszami umar\u0142ych.<\/p><p>Niekiedy siedzi obok Nergala, swego pos\u0119pnego ma\u0142\u017conka. Jej korona (<em>Horngold<\/em>) odr\u00f3\u017cnia j\u0105 od \u015bmiertelnej szlachty. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119pczo reprezentuj\u0105cy jakie\u015b poj\u0119cie lub znaczenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Symbolem<\/span> jej w\u0142adzy s\u0105 zaryglowane drzwi \u2013 nieprzebyte dla \u017cywych, nieuchronne dla \u015bmiertelnych.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal przyjmuje dusze zmar\u0142ych i okre\u015bla ich los w Irkalla. Nie jest pozbawiona cierpienia i nami\u0119tno\u015bci, jak niekiedy opisywana \u2013 jest m\u0105dra i gniewna; kto \u0142amie prawa Podziemia, do\u015bwiadcza jej zemsty.<\/p><p>W opowie\u015bci o <em>zej\u015bciu Isztar<\/em> dzia\u0142a jako si\u0142a moralna: Ishtar pr\u00f3buje wtargn\u0105\u0107 do Podziemia, a Ereshkigal karze t\u0119 pr\u00f3b\u0119 \u015bmierci\u0105. Nie urz\u0105dzano dla niej wielkich publicznych \u015bwi\u0105t, lecz sk\u0142adano jej ofiary w prywatnych obrz\u0119dach czci dla umar\u0142ych i dla przeb\u0142agania jej mocy.<\/p><h3>Wygl\u0105d i symbolika<\/h3><p><em>Ereshkigal<\/em> jest przedstawiana jako pos\u0119pna, wspaniale odziana bogini z koron\u0105 z rog\u00f3w \u2013 symbolami jej kr\u00f3lewskiej w\u0142adzy. Jej sk\u00f3ra jest ciemnoniebieska lub szaroczarna, a oczy ja\u015bniej\u0105 niepokoj\u0105cym \u015bwiat\u0142em.<\/p><p>Nosi ci\u0119\u017cki diadem i zasiada na tronie z kamienia lub ko\u015bci. Jej cia\u0142o jest majestatyczne, lecz znamionuje jaki\u015b rodzaj udr\u0119ki lub t\u0142umionego gniewu. O\u015bmioramienny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istota duchowa, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 dzia\u0142anie szkodliwe lub dwuznaczne.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> lub w\u0105\u017c mog\u0105 by\u0107 jej s\u0142ugami. Sama ciemno\u015b\u0107 jest jej szat\u0105.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Ereshkigal w skr\u00f3cie. Poni\u017csze pola podsumowuj\u0105 pochodzenie, funkcj\u0119, wygl\u0105d, kult, symbole i paralele kulturowe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradycja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal (sumeryjskie <em>Ere\u0161-ki-gal<\/em>, \u201ePani wielkiej ziemi&#8221; = Podziemia) jest c\u00f3rk\u0105 Anu (nieba) i bogini ziemi. Siostra Inanny\/Ishtar (centralna posta\u0107 w micie o zej\u015bciu), w starszej tradycji jedyna w\u0142adczyni Podziemia, w p\u00f3\u017aniejszej tradycji \u017cona Nergala. Matka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span>), w wcze\u015bniejszej tradycji samodzielna w\u0142adczyni Podziemia, w p\u00f3\u017aniejszej tradycji \u017cona Nergala. Matka <em>Ningishzida<\/em> (boga-w\u0119\u017ca Podziemia) i <em>Namtara<\/em> (pos\u0142a\u0144ca przeznaczenia). W niekt\u00f3rych wersjach matka Ninazu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adresaci<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W\u0142adczyni kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych <em>Kur<\/em> resp. <em>Irkalla<\/em>, za siedmioma bramami Podziemia. Dzier\u017cy <em>tablic\u0119 przeznaczenia<\/em> (mes), na kt\u00f3rej zapisany jest los wszystkich umar\u0142ych.<\/p><p>Bez jej zgody nikt nie mo\u017ce opu\u015bci\u0107 kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych (mit o zej\u015bciu Inanny: tylko za spraw\u0105 \u015brodk\u00f3w Ea i ofiary przeb\u0142agalnej \u2013<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span>: tylko dzi\u0119ki \u015brodkom Ea i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofierze<\/span> Dumuziego Inanna mo\u017ce wr\u00f3ci\u0107). W osobistym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 religijnych czynno\u015bci kultowych oddawanych b\u00f3stwu lub \u015bwi\u0119tej postaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulcie<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"B\u0142agalne lub zakl\u0119ciowe zwracanie si\u0119 do b\u00f3stwa lub mocy.\" tabindex=\"0\">wzywanie<\/span> w obrz\u0119dach pogrzebowych i w tradycji czarnej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktyki, kt\u00f3re poprzez szczeg\u00f3lne dzia\u0142ania lub formu\u0142y pragn\u0105 ingerowa\u0107 w bieg wydarze\u0144.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span> (zakl\u0119cia PGM).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wygl\u0105d<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal nie posiada ustalonego wyobra\u017cenia ikonograficznego. W tekstach mitycznych opisywana jest jako pos\u0119pno-wynios\u0142a posta\u0107: diadem, czarny p\u0142aszcz, d\u0142uga szata. Siedz\u0105ca na podium w mrocznej sali, otoczona przez swych siedmiu <em>Anunnaki<\/em>-s\u0119dzi\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Gdy przyjmuje Inann\u0119, jej twarz jest niebieskawa i blado\u017c\u00f3\u0142ta (symbole choroby\/\u015bmierci). Atrybuty: tablica przeznaczenia, rylec. Towarzysze: Namtar (jej wezyr), Ningishzida (syn \u2013 b\u00f3g-w\u0105\u017c).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dzia\u0142anie Ereshkigal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Zakres dzia\u0142ania:<\/strong> Ereshkigal by\u0142a wzywana bezpo\u015brednio raczej rzadko, gdy\u017c si\u0119 jej bano. Jednak: w ka\u017cdym obrz\u0119dzie pogrzebowym \u2013<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ustalona, powtarzalna czynno\u015b\u0107 religijna.\" tabindex=\"0\">rytuale<\/span> \u2013 by\u0142a obecna jako przyjmuj\u0105ca zmar\u0142ych. W tradycji zakl\u0119\u0107 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Akadyjska seria zakl\u0119\u0107 z I tys. p.n.e.; najbardziej rozbudowany zachowany mezopotamski zbi\u00f3r rytua\u0142\u00f3w przeciw czarom.\">Maqlu<\/span>, Shurpu) wzywano j\u0105 jako budz\u0105c\u0105 strach pomocniczk\u0119 przeciw czarnej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktyki, kt\u00f3re poprzez szczeg\u00f3lne dzia\u0142ania lub formu\u0142y pragn\u0105 ingerowa\u0107 w bieg wydarze\u0144.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span>.<\/p><p>W grecko-rzymskiej tradycji magiczno-teurgicznej (Papyri Graecae Magicae) uto\u017csamiana jako <em>Ereschigal<\/em> z Hekate w zakl\u0119ciach. We wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej recepcji ezoterycznej cz\u0119sto stosowana jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119pczo reprezentuj\u0105cy jakie\u015b poj\u0119cie lub znaczenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> mocy Podziemia i niez\u0142omno\u015bci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrona przed Ereshkigal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Diadem, czarny p\u0142aszcz, tablica przeznaczenia (mes), siedmiu stra\u017cnik\u00f3w bram, Namtar (wezyr), Ningishzida (syn \u2013 b\u00f3g-w\u0105\u017c). Ro\u015blina \u015bwi\u0119ta: asfodel (w recepcji nowo\u017cytnej). Liczba \u015bwi\u0119ta: 7 (siedem bram Podziemia, siedmiu s\u0119dzi\u00f3w Anunnaki). Barwy \u015bwi\u0119te: czarna, ciemnoniebieska.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoty pokrewne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Inanna\/Ishtar<\/em> (Mezopotamia, siostra, antagonistka w micie o zej\u015bciu \u2013<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>), <em>Nergal<\/em> (Mezopotamia, ma\u0142\u017conek w p\u00f3\u017aniejszej tradycji), <em>Persephone<\/em> (Grecja, kr\u00f3lowa Podziemia), <em>Hekate<\/em> (Grecja, w tekstach PGM bezpo\u015brednio uto\u017csamiana z Ereshkigal), <em>Hel<\/em> (germa\u0144ski, w\u0142adczyni Podziemia), <em>Mictecacihuatl<\/em> (aztecki), <em>Izanami<\/em> (Japonia, kr\u00f3lowa Yomi), <em>Hine-nui-te-p\u014d<\/em> (M\u0101ori). Typ kobiecego w\u0142adcy Podziemia jest obecny w licznych kulturach, cz\u0119sto z napi\u0119ciem dwoisto\u015bci matka\/c\u00f3rka (Ereshkigal\u2013Inanna, Demeter\u2013Persephone, Izanami\u2013Amaterasu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktyczne \u015brodki ochronne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Rytua\u0142y apotropaiczne<\/h3><p>Ereshkigal jako pani Podziemia (Kur-nu-gi-a, \u201ekraj bez powrotu&#8221;) nie by\u0142a bezpo\u015brednio czczona, lecz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Odpieraj\u0105ce nieszcz\u0119\u015bcie; symbole apotropaiczne (Pazuzu, Hamsa, Nazar) chroni\u0105 przed szkodliw\u0105 magi\u0105 i z\u0142ym okiem.\">apotropaicznie<\/span> omijana \u2013 rytua\u0142y zmierzaj\u0105 do oddalenia jej pos\u0142a\u0144c\u00f3w (Galla, Edimmu) poprzez oczyszczanie prog\u00f3w. Seria oczyszczaj\u0105ca <em>b\u012bt rimki<\/em> z rytualnym obna\u017ceniem kr\u00f3la w wodzie by\u0142a skierowana konkretnie na ochron\u0119 przed mocami podziemnymi (por. Bott\u00e9ro, <em>Mesopotamia<\/em>).<\/p><h3>Zakl\u0119cia<\/h3><p>W <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">micie<\/span> \u201ePodr\u00f3\u017c Inanny-Isztar do piekie\u0142&#8221; (akadyjski, Foster, <em>Before the Muses<\/em>) pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 centralne wezwania Ereshkigal \u2013 przez siedem bram bogini jest rozbierana, co stanowi zrytualizowane samoponi\u017cenie. P\u00f3\u017ane teksty zakl\u0119\u0107 z Aszur (I tys. p.n.e.) apeluj\u0105 do Ereshkigal jako \u201e\u0161\u0113pti-\u0161a-ir\u1e63itim&#8221; (wyznaczczyni \u015blad\u00f3w ziemi) w celu zako\u0144czenia choroby umar\u0142ych.<\/p><h3>Amulety i symbole ochronne<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>Apotropaiczne gliniane szpilki z wyrytym \u201enapisem wej\u015bcia \u2013<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tekst wyryty lub wykuty w trwa\u0142ym pod\u0142o\u017cu.\" tabindex=\"0\">inskrypcj\u0105<\/span>&#8221; (\u201eNiech Ereshkigal do mnie nie przychodzi&#8221;) by\u0142y zakopywane przy wej\u015bciach do dom\u00f3w (wykopaliska Nimrud, Mallowan 1953\u201357). Na piecz\u0119ciach ka-skalowych widnieje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119pczo reprezentuj\u0105cy jakie\u015b poj\u0119cie lub znaczenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> odwr\u00f3conej w\u0142\u00f3czni \u2013 oznaka bramy Podziemia. P\u0142ytki z lapis lazuli z jej imieniem wk\u0142adano zmar\u0142ym do grob\u00f3w jako wyposa\u017cenie.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal \u2013 paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal przypomina greck\u0105 Persephone lub Her\u0119, kt\u00f3re r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprawuj\u0105 podziemn\u0105 lub niewidzialn\u0105 w\u0142adz\u0119. Z Hadesem \u0142\u0105czy j\u0105 panowanie nad kr\u00f3lestwem umar\u0142ych, odr\u00f3\u017cnia j\u0105 jednak jej kobieco\u015b\u0107 i strategiczny autorytet.<\/p><p>Egipska Izyda i indyjska Kali maj\u0105 podobne aspekty \u2013 boskie kobiety nadzoruj\u0105ce \u017cycie i \u015bmier\u0107. Niedost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 i sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107 Ereshkigal czyni\u0105 z niej jedno z najbardziej z\u0142o\u017conych \u017ce\u0144skich b\u00f3stw staro\u017cytno\u015bci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5fe2f09 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5fe2f09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1899066 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1899066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zej\u015bcie Inanny do \u015bwiata podziemnego: centralny mit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1e5f28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb1e5f28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25852c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp25852c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejszym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em dotycz\u0105cym Ereshkigal jest sumeryjski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> o zej\u015bciu Inanny do Podziemia, przekazany na tabliczkach klinowych z pocz\u0105tku drugiego tysi\u0105clecia p.n.e. Opowie\u015b\u0107 przedstawia, jak bogini nieba Inanna postanawia zst\u0105pi\u0107 do kr\u00f3lestwa swej starszej siostry Ereshkigal \u2013 krainy bez powrotu.<\/p><p>Przy siedmiu bramach Podziemia Inanna musi przy ka\u017cdej zdj\u0105\u0107 kolejny element odzie\u017cy lub ozdoby, a\u017c staje naga, pozbawiona insygni\u00f3w w\u0142adzy, przed Ereshkigal i siedmioma s\u0119dziami Podziemia \u2013 Anunna. Kieruj\u0105 oni na ni\u0105 wzrok \u015bmierci i Inanna staje si\u0119 trupem zawieszonym na ko\u0142ku.<\/p><p>Jedynie za spraw\u0105 interwencji m\u0105drego boga Enki, kt\u00f3ry zsy\u0142a w d\u00f3\u0142 dwie bezp\u0142ciowe istoty z pokarmem \u017cycia i wod\u0105 \u017cycia, Inanna mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 przywr\u00f3cona do \u017cycia. Wolno jej jednak odej\u015b\u0107 tylko w\u00f3wczas, gdy wyznaczy zast\u0119pc\u0119 \u2013 co ostatecznie dotyka jej ma\u0142\u017conka Dumuziego.<\/p><p>Pokrewna wersja akadyjska, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> o podr\u00f3\u017cy Isztar do piekie\u0142, jest kr\u00f3tsza i r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 w szczeg\u00f3\u0142ach. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka badaj\u0105ca religie w spos\u00f3b por\u00f3wnawczy i bez przywi\u0105zania do \u017cadnej wiary.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religioznawstwo<\/span> intensywnie bada\u0142o ten tekst, mi\u0119dzy innymi pod k\u0105tem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Powtarzaj\u0105cy si\u0119 element tre\u015bciowy w sztuce lub narracji.\" tabindex=\"0\">motywu<\/span> zej\u015bcia z rozbieraniem i kwestii ewentualnego kontekstu rytualnego.<\/p><p>W centrum stoi Ereshkigal jako nieub\u0142agana pani obszaru, kt\u00f3rego prawa nawet wielka bogini nie mo\u017ce bezkarnie przekroczy\u0107.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1e15695 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1e15695\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f90e0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6f90e0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal i Nergal: opowie\u015b\u0107 o ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144stwie w\u0142adc\u00f3w \u015bwiata podziemnego<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac150ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpac150ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0688c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0688c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Drugi wa\u017cny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradycyjna opowie\u015b\u0107 o bogach, pocz\u0105tkach i porz\u0105dku \u015bwiata.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> wyja\u015bnia, jak Ereshkigal zyska\u0142a ma\u0142\u017conka. Tekst Nergal i Ereshkigal zachowa\u0142 si\u0119 w kilku wersjach, w tym kr\u00f3tszej z Tell el-Amarna w Egipcie z XIV wieku p.n.e. oraz d\u0142u\u017cszej z biblioteki Assurbanipala z VII wieku.<\/p><p>Opowie\u015b\u0107 rozpoczyna si\u0119 od uczty bog\u00f3w niebieskich, w kt\u00f3rej Ereshkigal nie mo\u017ce uczestniczy\u0107, gdy\u017c nie wolno jej opuszcza\u0107 Podziemia. Posy\u0142a swego pos\u0142a\u0144ca w g\u00f3r\u0119, by odebra\u0142 jej nale\u017cn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107. B\u00f3g Nergal nie wstaje przed tym pos\u0142a\u0144cem, co uchodzi za zniewag\u0119.<\/p><p>Na pokut\u0119 Nergal musi zst\u0105pi\u0107 do Podziemia. Tam dochodzi do zjednoczenia jego i Ereshkigal. W d\u0142u\u017cszej wersji Nergal pr\u00f3buje najpierw uciec, lecz Ereshkigal grozi, \u017ce wy\u015ble umar\u0142ych, by po\u017cerali \u017cywych, je\u015bli jej go nie zwr\u00f3c\u0105. Ostatecznie Nergal powraca i zostaje wsp\u00f3\u0142w\u0142adc\u0105 Podziemia.<\/p><p>Opowie\u015b\u0107 ta jest pouczaj\u0105ca z punktu widzenia historii religii, gdy\u017c pokazuje, \u017ce mezopotamski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> wyposa\u017ca\u0142 Podziemie w uporz\u0105dkowan\u0105 struktur\u0119 w\u0142adzy. Starsze \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a znaj\u0105 Ereshkigal jako jedyn\u0105 w\u0142adczyni\u0119 lub wymieniaj\u0105 Gugalann\u0119 jako ma\u0142\u017conka.<\/p><p>Zwi\u0105zek z Nergalem jest zapewne p\u00f3\u017aniejsz\u0105 systematyzacj\u0105 teologiczn\u0105, \u0142\u0105cz\u0105c\u0105 dwie koncepcje Podziemia. Badacze dyskutuj\u0105, czy mo\u017cna w tym dostrzec r\u00f3wnie\u017c odzwierciedlenie przemian politycznych lub kultowych.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbfb7dfc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbfb7dfc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpede8ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpede8ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u015awiat podziemny Mezopotamczyk\u00f3w i kr\u00f3lestwo Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe9f0b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfe9f0b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ee7cb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8ee7cb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aby zrozumie\u0107 pozycj\u0119 Ereshkigal, kluczowe jest samo mezopotamskie wyobra\u017cenie Podziemia. W tekstach opisywane jest ono jako mroczne miejsce \u2013 kraj bez powrotu, w kt\u00f3rym umarli jedz\u0105 py\u0142 i maj\u0105 glin\u0119 za pokarm, odziani jak ptaki w str\u00f3j z pi\u00f3r.<\/p><p>Nie jest to miejsce kary w sensie moralnym, lecz wsp\u00f3lny, pozbawiony rado\u015bci los wszystkich zmar\u0142ych, niezale\u017cnie od ich czyn\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Nad tym kr\u00f3lestwem w\u0142ada Ereshkigal. Jej imi\u0119 oznacza mniej wi\u0119cej 'pani wielkiej ziemi&#8217; lub 'pani wielkiego podziemia&#8217;, przy czym 'wielka ziemia&#8217; jest om\u00f3wieniem Podziemia.<\/p><p>Rezyduje w pa\u0142acu o nazwach takich jak Ganzir, strze\u017conym przez siedem bram i jej wezyr Namtar \u2013 personifikacj\u0119 przeznaczenia i siej\u0105cego zaraz\u0119. U jej boku stoj\u0105 Anunna jako instancja s\u0119dziowska.<\/p><p>Charakterystyczna dla mezopotamskiego wyobra\u017cenia jest surowo\u015b\u0107 praw Podziemia. Kto zst\u0119puje, podlega regule, \u017ce jedynie zast\u0119pca umo\u017cliwia ucieczk\u0119. Nawet bogowie podlegaj\u0105 tym prawom, jak pokazuje los Inanny. Ereshkigal uosabia zatem kosmiczny porz\u0105dek, kt\u00f3ry jest nieodkupywalny.<\/p><p>S\u0142ynny epos <em>Gilgamesz<\/em> odzwierciedla w swym opisie kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych t\u0119 sam\u0105 pos\u0119pn\u0105 wizj\u0119. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka badaj\u0105ca religie w spos\u00f3b por\u00f3wnawczy i bez przywi\u0105zania do \u017cadnej wiary.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religioznawstwo<\/span> postrzega Ereshkigal nie tyle jako posta\u0107 z\u0142o\u015bliw\u0105, co konieczn\u0105 \u2013 zajmuj\u0105c\u0105 nieuchronny biegun \u015bmierci w ramach sk\u0105din\u0105d \u017cyciodajnego obrazu \u015bwiata.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odsy\u0142acze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/pl\/ishtar\/\">Ishtar, akadyjska siostra<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/nergal\/\">Nergal, ma\u0142\u017conek w p\u00f3\u017aniejszej tradycji<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/persephone\/\">Persephone, grecka paralela<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/hekate\/\">Hekate, w tradycji PGM uto\u017csamiana z Ereshkigal<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/mezopotamia\/\">Mezopotamia, przegl\u0105d panteonu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa-smierci\/\">B\u00f3stwa \u015bmierci, podkategoria<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa\/\">Bogowie, przegl\u0105d klas<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a i literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Wolkstein, Diane \/ Kramer, Samuel Noah: <em>Inanna. Queen of Heaven and Earth<\/em>. New York 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Betz, Hans Dieter (Hg.): <em>The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation<\/em>. Chicago 1986 (Ereshkigal-Hekate-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0141\u0105czenie wyobra\u017ce\u0144 lub b\u00f3stw z r\u00f3\u017cnych tradycji religijnych.\" tabindex=\"0\">synkretyzm<\/span>).<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (has\u0142o 'Ereschkigal&#8217;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dalsze standardowe opracowania w <a href=\"\/pl\/literatura\/\">bibliografii<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1735,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ereshkigal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ereshkigal \u2013 pani mezopotamskiego Podziemia","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ereshkigal, pani mezopotamskiego Podziemia. Siostra Ishtar, ma\u0142\u017conka Nergala \u2013 w\u0142adczyni umar\u0142ych i siedmiu bram ciemno\u015bci.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,25,59],"class_list":["post-15694","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goetter","category-kulturen","category-mesopotamien"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ereshkigal \u2013 pani mezopotamskiego Podziemia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ereshkigal, pani mezopotamskiego Podziemia. 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