{"id":15637,"date":"2026-04-27T07:06:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T07:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yamaraja-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-18T14:46:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T14:46:29","slug":"yamaraja","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pl\/yamaraja\/","title":{"rendered":"Yamaraja"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15637\" class=\"elementor elementor-15637 elementor-1888 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamaraja, b\u00f3g tradycji hinduskiej<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamaraja jest bogiem tradycji hinduistycznej i hinduskiej religii.<\/p><p>Kr\u00f3l Umar\u0142ych, pierwszy \u015bmiertelnik, kt\u00f3ry odnalaz\u0142 drog\u0119 w za\u015bwiaty i sta\u0142 si\u0119 s\u0119dzi\u0105 zmar\u0142ych. Yamaraja, zwany te\u017c <em>Yama<\/em> lub <em>Dharmaraja<\/em> (s\u0119dzia cnoty), rz\u0105dzi kr\u00f3lestwem umar\u0142ych nie jako wieczne miejsce kary, lecz jako stacja przej\u015bciowa w kr\u0119gu odrodzenia.<\/p><p>Prowadzi nieomyln\u0105 ksi\u0119g\u0119 czyn\u00f3w, zwierciad\u0142o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"W hinduizmie, buddyzmie i d\u017cinizmie prawo przyczyny i skutku czyn\u00f3w: ka\u017cde dzia\u0142anie wywiera wp\u0142yw na kolejne egzystencje.\">Karmy<\/span>, i decyduje, jakie \u017cycie otrzyma dusza w nast\u0119pnej kolejno\u015bci. Swoim lassem chwyta tych, kt\u00f3rych czas nadszed\u0142, a lask\u0105 strze\u017ce porz\u0105dku mi\u0119dzy \u017cyciem a \u015bmierci\u0105.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u00f3g \/ bogini: Uosobiona najwy\u017csza moc w panteonie danej kultury, o wyra\u017anych kompetencjach obejmuj\u0105cych si\u0142y natury, przeznaczenie, wojn\u0119, p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107. Czczona przez kulty, ofiary i instytucje \u015bwi\u0105tynne.\">B\u00f3g<\/span><a href=\"\/pl\/hinduizm\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduistyczne \u015bwiaty bog\u00f3w, Asur\u00f3w i opiekun\u00f3w, od tradycji wedyjskiej po tantryczn\u0105.\">Hinduizm<\/a><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa-smierci\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bogowie podziemi i \u015bmierci, w\u0142adcy za\u015bwiat\u00f3w, s\u0119dziowie umar\u0142ych, przewodnicy dusz.\">B\u00f3stwo \u015bmierci<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-130525\" alt=\"Jama - bogowie z tradycji hinduistycznej, ilustracja historyczna\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamaraja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">W skr\u00f3cie: Yamaraja<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> b\u00f3stwo \u015bmierci, w\u0142adca i s\u0119dzia za\u015bwiat\u00f3w<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Og\u00f3\u0142 bog\u00f3w danej religii lub kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: hinduizm (od Wed do Puran)<br>Funkcja: w\u0142adca kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych Yamaloka, s\u0119dzia po \u015bmierci, stra\u017cnik Karmy<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne atrybuty: Pasha (lasso\/p\u0119tla), Danda (laska sprawiedliwo\u015bci), Ksi\u0119ga Czyn\u00f3w (Chitragupta), baw\u00f3\u0142 wodny<br>G\u0142\u00f3wne miejsca kultu: Yamunotri (\u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o Yamuny), Tamil Nadu (Sirkali), po\u0142udniowe i zachodnie Indie<br>Recepcja buddyjska: Yama Dharmaraja (Tybet), Enma (Japonia)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klasyfikacja historyczna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okres powstania tekst\u00f3w<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Przekaz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywanie wiedzy i opowie\u015bci przez pokolenia.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradycji<\/span> dotycz\u0105cy Yamaraji si\u0119ga <em>Rigwedy<\/em> (oko\u0142o 1500\u20131200 p.n.e., hymn 10.14) a\u017c po czasy wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne. Najbardziej szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe opisy znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 w <em>Garuda-Puranie<\/em> (prawdopodobnie IX\u2013X wiek n.e.), kt\u00f3ra zawiera centralne stwierdzenia dotycz\u0105ce eschatologii i s\u0105du karmicznego.<\/span><\/p><p>W <em>Katha-Upaniszadzie<\/em> (przypuszczalnie VI\u2013V wiek p.n.e.) Yamaraja wtajemnicza ch\u0142opca Naciketas w tajemnice nie\u015bmiertelno\u015bci i \u015bmierci. <em>Mahabharata<\/em> i <em>Manusmryti<\/em> regularnie do niego nawi\u0105zuj\u0105; w nowszych pismach (Bhagavata-Purana, Brahma-Purana) jego rola pozostaje centralna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zasi\u0119g geograficzny<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamaraja jest czczony na ca\u0142ym subkontynencie indyjskim, od p\u00f3\u0142nocy po po\u0142udnie, ze szczeg\u00f3lnym nat\u0119\u017ceniem w po\u0142udniowych i zachodnich Indiach (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharasztra), gdzie istniej\u0105 tradycyjne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub wielu b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tynie<\/span>. Jego kult rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 wraz z hinduistyczn\u0105 diaspor\u0105 na Azj\u0119 Po\u0142udniowo-Wschodni\u0105, Karaiby (Trynidad, Mauritius) i \u015bwiat zachodni.<\/p><p>W buddyzmie jest przywo\u0142ywany jako <em>Yama Dharmaraja<\/em> w Tybecie oraz w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"W buddyzmie tybeta\u0144skim stan przej\u015bciowy mi\u0119dzy dwiema egzystencjami; Bardo Th\u00f6dol opisuje faz\u0119 nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 po \u015bmierci.\">Bardo<\/span>-Th\u00f6dol (Tybeta\u0144ska Ksi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych); w tradycji japo\u0144skiej pojawia si\u0119 jako <em>Enma<\/em> w buddyzmie i w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Przekazywana tradycja ludowa obejmuj\u0105ca obyczaje, opowie\u015bci i pie\u015bni.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklorze<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stan \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Centralne znaczenie maj\u0105 <em>Rigweda<\/em> (hymn 10.14), <em>Atharwaweda<\/em>, <em>Katha-Upaniszad<\/em>, <em>Mahabharata<\/em> (zw\u0142aszcza w Bhiszma-Parwie), <em>Garuda-Purana<\/em>, <em>Brahma-Purana<\/em>, <em>Bhagavata-Purana<\/em> oraz <em>Manusmryti<\/em>. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a tantryczne i rytualne s\u0105 uzupe\u0142niane przez <em>Pinda-Sutry<\/em> i wedangi pogrzebowe. Wt\u00f3rne komentarze naukowe pochodz\u0105 od <em>Adi Shankar\u0119<\/em> i innych szk\u00f3\u0142 Wedanty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nazwa i warianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskryt:<\/strong> <em>Yama<\/em> (\u092f\u092e), dos\u0142ownie 'uzda&#8217; lub 'kie\u0142znaj\u0105cy&#8217;, pierwotnie oznacza uzd\u0119 koni, p\u00f3\u017aniej kontrol\u0119 i porz\u0105dek. <em>Yamaraja<\/em> (\u092f\u092e\u0930\u093e\u091c) znaczy 'Kr\u00f3l Yama&#8217;. <em>Dharmaraja<\/em> (\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930\u093e\u091c) 'Kr\u00f3l Cnoty&#8217; lub 'S\u0119dzia&#8217; \u2013 cz\u0119sty przydomek. Dalsze przydomki: <em>Mrityu<\/em> (\u015amier\u0107), <em>Antaka<\/em> (Ko\u0144cz\u0105cy), <em>Samvartaka<\/em> (Zbieraj\u0105cy), <em>Kritanta<\/em> (Decyduj\u0105cy).<\/p><p>Pokrewne okre\u015blenia: Yamaloka (kr\u00f3lestwo Yamy), Yamaloka-pati (pan Yamaloki), Pitra-pati (pan przodk\u00f3w). Wa\u017cna rodzina: syn <em>Suryi<\/em> (S\u0142o\u0144ca) i <em>Saranyu<\/em> (bogini pary wodnej), brat bli\u017aniak <em>Yami<\/em> (pierwszej \u015bmiertelnej kobiety i bogini rzeki Yamuny).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakterystyka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Wygl\u0105d<\/h3><p>Yamaraja jest zazwyczaj przedstawiany w kolorze ciemnozielonym lub ciemnoczerwonym, rzadziej czarnym. Nosi czerwon\u0105 lub z\u0142ot\u0105 szat\u0119, turban lub koron\u0119 oraz kolczyki.<\/p><p>W d\u0142oniach trzyma charakterystyczne lasso <em>Pasha<\/em>, p\u0119tl\u0119 s\u0142u\u017c\u0105c\u0105 do chwytania dusz zmar\u0142ych, oraz <em>Dand\u0119<\/em>, lask\u0119 lub maczug\u0119 b\u0119d\u0105c\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak zast\u0119pczo reprezentuj\u0105cy wyobra\u017cenie lub znaczenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> jego w\u0142adzy s\u0105downiczej.<\/p><p>Jego wierzchowcem jest <em>Mahisha<\/em>, baw\u00f3\u0142 wodny, czarny lub krwistoczerwony. U jego boku zasiada skryba <em>Chitragupta<\/em>, kt\u00f3ry prowadzi nieomyln\u0105 Ksi\u0119g\u0119 Czyn\u00f3w, w kt\u00f3rej zapisane jest ka\u017cde dzia\u0142anie ka\u017cdej istoty.<\/p><h3>Natura i dzia\u0142anie<\/h3><p>Yamaraja nie jest uosobieniem samej \u015bmierci \u2013 t\u0105 jest <em>Mrityu<\/em> lub <em>Kala<\/em> (Czas) \u2013 lecz zarz\u0105dc\u0105 i s\u0119dzi\u0105 za\u015bwiat\u00f3w. W odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od zachodniej koncepcji piek\u0142a, Yamaloka, jego kr\u00f3lestwo, nie jest wiecznym miejscem kary.<\/p><p>Ka\u017cda dusza staje przed nim po \u015bmierci, aby zda\u0107 rachunek: Chitragupta czyta z ksi\u0119gi, Yamaraja rozpoznaje Karm\u0119 i decyduje, w jakiej formie i w jakim \u017cyciu dusza zostanie ponownie narodzona.<\/p><p>Dusze prawe szybko odnajduj\u0105 sw\u0105 nast\u0119pn\u0105 egzystencj\u0119; dusze obci\u0105\u017cone ci\u0119\u017ck\u0105 Karm\u0105 przechodz\u0105 procesy oczyszczenia. Sam Yamaraja jest nieprzekupny \u2013 \u017cadna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar sk\u0142adany b\u00f3stwu w celu wyra\u017cenia wdzi\u0119czno\u015bci, pro\u015bby lub czci.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofiara<\/span>, \u017cadna pro\u015bba nie mo\u017ce zmieni\u0107 jego wyroku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Yamaraja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najwa\u017cniejsze aspekty Yamaraji w skr\u00f3cie. Tabela zestawia pochodzenie, funkcj\u0119, wygl\u0105d, kult, symbole i odpowiedniki.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradycja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Syn <em>Suryi<\/em> (boga S\u0142o\u0144ca) i <em>Saranyu<\/em>. Jako pierwszy cz\u0142owiek, kt\u00f3ry umar\u0142, samodzielnie odnalaz\u0142 drog\u0119 w za\u015bwiaty, ustanowi\u0142 tam porz\u0105dek i dzi\u0119ki temu sta\u0142 si\u0119 wiecznym w\u0142adc\u0105 kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych. W <em>Mahabharacie<\/em> jego ojcostwo jest cz\u0119\u015bciowo wi\u0105zane z <em>Judhiszthir\u0105<\/em>, najm\u0142odszym z braci Pandaw\u00f3w.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcja Yamaraji<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W\u0142adca kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych Yamaloka, nieprzekupny s\u0119dzia po \u015bmierci, decydent w sprawach Karmy i odrodzenia, stra\u017cnik kosmicznego porz\u0105dku (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"W hinduizmie obowi\u0105zek i kosmiczny porz\u0105dek; w buddyzmie nauka Buddy.\">Dharmy<\/span>), przewodnik dusz w procesie umierania.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wygl\u0105d<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ciemnozielony lub ciemnoczerwony boski kr\u00f3l, z turbanem lub koron\u0105, w szacie, z <em>Pash\u0105<\/em> (p\u0119tl\u0105) i <em>Dand\u0105<\/em> (lask\u0105), jad\u0105cy na czarnym lub krwistoczerwonym bawo\u043b\u0435 wodnym, w towarzystwie Chitragup\u0442\u044b, skryby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult Yamaraji<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u0142\u00f3wne miejsca kultu w Yamunotri (\u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o Yamuny, Uttarakhand), Tamil Nadu (\u015bwi\u0105tynia w Sirkali), oraz w po\u0142udniowych i zachodnich Indiach. Kult praktykowany podczas towarzyszenia umieraj\u0105cym poprzez <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Budowla s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ca czci jednego lub wielu b\u00f3stw.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u015bwi\u0105tyni\u0119<\/span>, przez <em>Yama-Mantry<\/em>, modlitwy przy \u015bmierci cz\u0142onka rodziny.<\/p><p><em>Pinda<\/em> (ofiara pokarmowa dla zmar\u0142ych) sk\u0142adana jest w imi\u0119 Yamy, by upro\u015bci\u0107 jego <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Udzielanie zbawienia i ochrony, cz\u0119sto w ustalonej formie s\u0142ownej.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwo<\/span> dla podr\u00f3\u017cy w za\u015bwiaty. \u015awi\u0119to <em>Bhai Dooj<\/em> (\u015bwi\u0119to braci i si\u00f3str, w okresie Diwali) upami\u0119tnia legendarne u\u015bciski mi\u0119dzy Yam\u0105 a jego siostr\u0105 bli\u017aniaczk\u0105 Yami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symbole Yamaraji<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em>Pasha<\/em> (p\u0119tla do chwytania dusz), <em>Danda<\/em> (laska sprawiedliwo\u015bci), Ksi\u0119ga Czyn\u00f3w lub <em>Zwierciad\u0142o Karmy<\/em> (unter Obhut Chitraguptas), Wasserbueffel (Mahisha), rote Robe, dunkle Hautfarbe, Opium-Mohn (in sp\u00e4ten Darstellungen).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Analogie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades i Pluton (Grecja\/Rzym, w\u0142adcy podziemia), Anubis i Ozyrys (Egipt, wa\u017cenie serca, s\u0105downictwo), Ereshkigal (Mezopotamia, w\u0142adczyni podziemia), Hel (germa\u0144ski, c\u00f3rka Lokiego, w\u0142adczyni Helheim), Mictlantecuhtli (aztecki, b\u00f3g kr\u00f3lestwa umar\u0142ych). Funkcja Zwierciad\u0142a Karmy \u0142\u0105czy Yamaraj\u0119 naj\u015bci\u015blej z Anubisem i egipskim wa\u017ceniem serca.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult w \u017cyciu codziennym<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamaraja jest mniej obecny w codziennym kulcie hinduistycznym ni\u017c wielcy g\u0142\u00f3wni bogowie, tacy jak \u015aiwa czy Wisznu, jednak jest przywo\u0142ywany przy krytycznych wydarzeniach \u017cyciowych, przede wszystkim w chwili \u015bmierci.<\/p><p>Przy ci\u0119\u017ckiej chorobie lub bezpo\u015brednio przed \u015bmierci\u0105 recytuje si\u0119 <em>Yama-Mantry<\/em>, na przyk\u0142ad z <em>Jad\u017cniawalkja Smryti<\/em>: 'Om Yamaaya Namah&#8217; (pok\u0142on przed Yam\u0105). Modlitwy te maj\u0105 chroni\u0107 dusz\u0119 i b\u0142aga\u0107 Yam\u0119 o \u0142agodne przeprowadzenie.<\/p><p>Po \u015bmierci cz\u0142onka rodziny odprawia si\u0119 rytua\u0142 <em>Pindy<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ustalona sekwencja symbolicznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 o znaczeniu religijnym lub kulturowym.\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/span>: kluski ry\u017cowe lub pszenne sk\u0142adane s\u0105 w ofierze w imi\u0119 zmar\u0142ego, z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Modlitewne lub b\u0142agalne zwracanie si\u0119 do b\u00f3stwa lub mocy.\" tabindex=\"0\">przywo\u0142aniem<\/span> Yamy, aby bezpiecznie poprowadzi\u0142 dusz\u0119 ku nast\u0119pnemu \u017cyciu.<\/p><p>\u015awi\u0119to <em>Bhai Dooj<\/em>, obchodzone w drugim dniu po Diwali, upami\u0119tnia spotkanie Yamy z jego siostr\u0105 bli\u017aniaczk\u0105 Yami, podczas kt\u00f3rego si\u0119 u\u015bciskali, a Yama obieca\u0142, \u017ce \u017caden brat nie umrze z r\u0119ki Yami.<\/p><p>W Bhai Dooj siostry kre\u015bl\u0105 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Udzielanie zbawienia i ochrony, cz\u0119sto w ustalonej formie s\u0142ownej.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwo<\/span> na czole swoich braci, by postawi\u0107 ich pod ochron\u0105 Yamy. Liczne nazwiska rodowe i imiona wywodz\u0105 si\u0119 od imienia Yamy lub je zawieraj\u0105 (np. Yamuna dla kobiet, na pami\u0105tk\u0119 siostry).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamaraja, paralele w innych kulturach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Funkcja nieprzekupnego s\u0119dziego, kt\u00f3ry bada czyny \u017cywych i decyduje o nast\u0119pnym \u017cyciu, \u0142\u0105czy Yamaraj\u0119 z Hadesem, kt\u00f3rego podziemie co prawda nie zna odrodzenia, lecz r\u00f3wnie\u017c prowadzi nieuchronny s\u0105d. Z Anubisem i Ozyrysem \u0142\u0105czy go idea Zwierciad\u0142a Karmy, czyli wa\u017cenia serca.<\/p><p>W odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od wielu zachodnich b\u00f3stw \u015bmierci Yamaraja nie jest przede wszystkim karcicielem \u2013 jest kosmicznym urz\u0119dnikiem porz\u0105dku (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"W religiach indyjskich nauka i w\u0142a\u015bciwy porz\u0105dek post\u0119powania.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharmy<\/span>), kt\u00f3ry towarzyszy duszy w jej drodze, a nie staje jej na przeszkodzie.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Literatura podstawowa (por\u00f3wnawcza <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka badaj\u0105ca religie por\u00f3wnawczo i bez zaanga\u017cowania wyznaniowego.\" tabindex=\"0\">religioznawstwo<\/span>):<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dalsze pozycje podstawowe w <a href=\"\/pl\/literatura\/\">bibliografii<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dalsze odsy\u0142acze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/pl\/hades\/\">Hades, Grecja<\/a> (por\u00f3wnanie: nieprzekupny s\u0119dzia)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/anubis\/\">Anubis, Egipt<\/a> (wa\u017cenie Karmy)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/osiris\/\">Ozyrys, Egipt<\/a><\/li><li>Yami, hinduizm (siostra bli\u017aniaczka, b\u00f3stwo rzeki)<\/li><li>Chitragupta, hinduizm (skryba i towarzysz)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa-smierci\/\">B\u00f3stwa \u015bmierci, podkategoria<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl\/bostwa\/\">Bogowie, przegl\u0105d klasy<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a i literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Macdonell, Arthur A.: <em>Vedic Mythology<\/em>. Varanasi 1974 (Reprint).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Frauwallner, Erich: <em>Outline of the Philosophy of the Upanisads<\/em>. Delhi 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Parrinder, Geoffrey: <em>Avatar and Incarnation. A Comparison of Indian and Christian Traditions<\/em>. Oxford 1970.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Danielou, Alain: <em>Hindu Polytheism<\/em>. Princeton 1964.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Grimes, John A.: <em>A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy<\/em>. Albany 1996.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Stietencron, Heinrich von: <em>Hindu Myth, Hindu History. Religion, Art, and Politics in India<\/em>. Delhi 1996.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Meisig, Marion (Hg.): <em>Das Bild Yamas in Religionen und Kulturen Asiens<\/em>. Stuttgart 2004.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-543a299 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"543a299\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e4a4fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e4a4fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Cz\u0119sto zadawane pytania dotycz\u0105ce Yamaraji<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kim jest Yamaraja w hinduizmie?<\/h3><p>Yamaraja (sanskryt Yama-r\u0101ja, Kr\u00f3l Yama) jest hinduistycznym bogiem \u015bmierci i s\u0119dzi\u0105 umar\u0142ych. Jest pierwszym \u015bmiertelnikiem, kt\u00f3ry umar\u0142, a tym samym pierwszym, kt\u00f3ry odnalaz\u0142 drog\u0119 w za\u015bwiaty.<\/p><p>Yama rz\u0105dzi \u015bwiatem umar\u0142ych (Yamaloka) i prowadzi Ksi\u0119g\u0119 \u015amierci (Yamadharma), w kt\u00f3rej zapisane s\u0105 wszystkie czyny ka\u017cdego cz\u0142owieka. Jest zazwyczaj przedstawiany z zielon\u0105 lub ciemnoniebiesk\u0105 sk\u00f3r\u0105, jedzie na czarnym bawo\u043b\u0435 i trzyma lask\u0119 (Yamadanda) oraz sznur lassa (do chwytania dusz).<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Jaki jest zwi\u0105zek mi\u0119dzy Yamaraj\u0105 a Yam\u0105?<\/h3><p>Yama i Yamaraja to w istocie ta sama posta\u0107 \u2013 imi\u0119 Yama jest starszym, wedyjskim okre\u015bleniem (Rigweda 10,14), Yamaraja (Kr\u00f3l Yama) jest form\u0105 p\u00f3\u017aniejsz\u0105, bardziej zaszczytn\u0105.<\/p><p>W hinduistycznej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naukowa nauka o Bogu i wierze danej religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> Yama jest jednocze\u015bnie: pierworodnym cz\u0142owiekiem, pierwszym \u015bmiertelnikiem, kosmicznym s\u0119dzi\u0105 i jednym z o\u015bmiu stra\u017cnik\u00f3w \u015bwiata (Lokapal\u00f3w), str\u00f3\u017cem kierunku po\u0142udniowego. W buddyzmie Yama staje si\u0119 panem sz\u00f3stego kr\u00f3lestwa piekielnego (Naraka) i pe\u0142ni podobn\u0105 funkcj\u0119 s\u0119dziego. W Japonii jest czczony jako Enma-\u014c.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kim jest Yamaraja w hinduizmie?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yamaraja (sanskryt Yama-r\u0101ja, Kr\u00f3l Yama) jest hinduistycznym bogiem \u015bmierci i s\u0119dzi\u0105 umar\u0142ych. Jest pierwszym \u015bmiertelnikiem, kt\u00f3ry umar\u0142, a tym samym pierwszym, kt\u00f3ry odnalaz\u0142 drog\u0119 w za\u015bwiaty.Yama rz\u0105dzi \u015bwiatem umar\u0142ych (Yamaloka) i prowadzi Ksi\u0119g\u0119 \u015amierci (Yamadharma), w kt\u00f3rej zapisane s\u0105 wszystkie czyny ka\u017cdego cz\u0142owieka. 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W Japonii jest czczony jako Enma-\u014c.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1731,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yamaraja","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yamaraja \u2013 Kr\u00f3l Umar\u0142ych, s\u0119dzia odrodzenia","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"S\u0119dzia Karmy, Pasha i Danda, buddyjska recepcja jako Yama Dharmaraja \u2013 funkcja i kult w \u017cyciu codziennym.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"hinduismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,53,25],"class_list":["post-15637","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goetter","category-hinduismus","category-kulturen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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