{"id":166178,"date":"2026-09-05T12:43:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T12:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=166178"},"modified":"2026-09-05T12:53:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T12:53:41","slug":"mara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/","title":{"rendered":"Mara"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"166178\" class=\"elementor elementor-166178 elementor-1207\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara, dewa tradisi Buddha<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Penggoda di pokok Bodhi, penguasa dunia hawa nafsu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-mara\">Penggodaan Buddha oleh Mara<\/h2>\n<p>Babak utama Mara ialah <strong>penggodaan terhadap Bodhisattva Siddhartha<\/strong> di bawah <strong>pokok Bodhi<\/strong> di Bodhgaya. Tiga fasa dilaporkan secara <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Termasuk dalam kanon suci yang diakui secara rasmi oleh sesebuah agama.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonik<\/span>: pertama, kemunculan bersama <strong>bala tentera roh jahat<\/strong> (Trishna, Raga, Arati, hasrat, keinginan, ketidakpuasan); kedua, pengutusan <strong>tiga anak perempuannya<\/strong> (Tanha, Arati, Raga) dalam rupa yang menggoda; ketiga, cabaran melalui keraguan dan tuntutan (\u201cSiapakah saksi bagi kebajikanmu?\u201d).<\/p><p>Siddhartha menyentuh bumi, iaitu <em>bh\u016bmispar\u015ba-mudr\u0101<\/em>, dan dewi bumi menjadi saksi kesempurnaannya. Mara tewas. Empat bala tenteranya ialah <em>k\u0101ma<\/em> (keinginan), <em>arati<\/em> (ketidakselesaan), <em>k\u1e63ut-pip\u0101s\u0101<\/em> (kelaparan dan kehausan), <em>t\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47\u0101<\/em> (nafsu). Dalam Buddhisme Mahayana, Mara berkembang menjadi <strong>empat Mara<\/strong>: Skandha-Mara (lima agregat), Klesha-Mara (kekeliruan), Mrityu-Mara (kematian), Devaputra-Mara (godaan syurgawi). Dalam tradisi Buddha, Mara muncul sebagai dewa godaan yang menentang jalan ke arah penerangan.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dewa \/ Dewi: Kuasa tertinggi yang dipersonifikasikan dalam pantheon sesebuah budaya, dengan bidang tanggungjawab yang jelas seperti kuasa alam, takdir, peperangan, kesuburan. Disembah melalui pemujaan, korban dan institusi kuil.\">Dewa<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166172\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradisi Buddha dengan Bodhisattva, dewa pelindung, roh kebuluran dan penjaga neraka.\">Buddhisme<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=165847\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kuasa kekacauan dan penentang kosmik, lawan dalam dualisme sejarah agama.\">Anti-Dewa<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Tidak ada tajuk yang dijumpai pada halaman ini.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tKandungan\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-168394\" alt=\"Mara - Tuhan-tuhan daripada tradisi Buddha, ilustrasi bersejarah\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan: di bawah pokok Bodhi di Bodhgaya, Mara menghantar bala tenteranya serta tiga anak perempuannya, hasrat, keengganan, ketamakan, untuk menggagalkan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dalam Buddhisme Mahayana, seorang yang telah mencapai penerangan tetapi menangguhkan pembebasan sendiri demi mengajar makhluk lain.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> daripada mencapai penerangan.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dalam Buddhisme Mahayana, seorang yang telah mencapai penerangan tetapi menangguhkan pembebasan sendiri demi mengajar makhluk lain.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> itu menyentuh bumi sebagai saksi, bumi bergegar, dan Mara berundur. Babak ini tersebar luas secara ikonografi di seluruh dunia dan menjadi teras teologi.<\/p><p>Mara bukanlah dewa lawan kosmik dalam erti monoteistik. Dia adalah penguasa <em>Kamadhatu<\/em> (dunia hawa nafsu), iaitu sosok Deva yang menjadi penghalang jalan akibat kelekatan dan keegoan.<\/p><p>Dalam tafsiran Buddha yang lebih luas, terdapat empat Mara: Skandha-Mara (agregat), Kleshamara (pencemaran batin), Marana-Mara (kematian), Devaputra-Mara (Deva-Mara, sosok peribadi). Kesemuanya melambangkan penghalang dalam jalan pembebasan. Ini menjadikan ajaran Mara sebagai teori menyeluruh tentang segala yang menghalang amalan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil Ringkas: Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jenis:<\/strong> Penggoda, penguasa dunia hawa nafsu<br>Asal: Deva dari Kamadhatu; menurut sesetengah teks: terjatuh akibat keegoan<br>Empat Mara: Skandha, Klesha, Marana, Devaputra<br>Teks: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kumpulan kitab suci yang diakui secara rasmi dalam sesebuah agama.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanon<\/span> Pali (Padhana Sutta), Lalitavistara, Jataka<br>Zaman: abad ke-5 SM hingga kini<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Konteks<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dibuktikan sejak zaman Buddha (abad ke-5 SM). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kumpulan kitab suci yang diakui secara rasmi dalam sesebuah agama.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kanon<\/span> Pali (abad ke-3 SM hingga abad ke-1 M) mengandungi banyak episod Mara. Sutra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Kenderaan Besar'; salah satu tiga tradisi utama Buddhisme, dengan ideal Bodhisattva dan renungan falsafah yang mendalam.\">Mahayana<\/span> memperluas kisah ini (Lalitavistara, Saddharmapundarika). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Kenderaan Berlian'; bentuk tantrik Buddhisme Mahayana, terutamanya di Tibet, dengan amalan Yidam dan teknik mantra sebagai teras.\">Vajrayana<\/span> mengintegrasikan Mara ke dalam amalan pelindung tantrik. Amalan Buddha moden tersebar di seluruh dunia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kawasan Penyebaran<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Berasal dari India Utara; tersebar bersama Buddhisme ke Sri Lanka, Asia Tenggara, Asia Timur, Tibet dan komuniti Buddha global moden. Gambaran tempatan Mara terdapat di seluruh Asia, dalam lukisan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sebuah bangunan yang digunakan untuk pemujaan satu atau lebih dewa.\" tabindex=\"0\">kuil<\/span> Thailand, thangka Tibet, dan ukiran kayu Jepun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Status Sumber<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padhana Sutta (Sutta Nipata), Mara-Samyutta (Samyutta Nikaya), pelbagai kisah Jataka, Lalitavistara (biografi Buddha aliran <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kenderaan Besar; salah satu tiga tradisi utama Buddhisme, dengan ideal Bodhisattva.\">Mahayana<\/span>), tradisi ulasan Tibet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nama dan Varian<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrit dan Pali:<\/strong> <em>M\u0101ra<\/em>.<br>Gelaran lain: Papiyas (\u201cyang lebih jahat\u201d), Kanha (\u201csi hitam\u201d), Namuci (\u201cyang tidak melepaskan\u201d), Antaka (\u201ckematian\u201d).<br>Empat Mara (Ajaran Empat Mara): Skandha-Mara (agregat sebagai penghalang), Kleshamara (pencemaran mental), Marana-Mara (kematian), Devaputra-Mara (Mara peribadi).<br>Asia Timur: bahasa Cina \u9b54 (<em>Mo<\/em>), bahasa Jepun <em>Ma<\/em>.<\/p><p>Ajaran Empat Mara menjadikan Mara lebih daripada sekadar sosok peribadi: ia menjadi satu sistem yang menerangkan segala yang menghalang jalan. Ini amat kaya dari segi falsafah dan menjelaskan mengapa Mara tidak semestinya dikalahkan secara fizikal, sebaliknya diatasi melalui kebijaksanaan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ciri-ciri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Penampilan<\/strong><\/p><p>Sebagai Deva Kamadhatu yang tampan dalam kemuliaan penuh, muda dan bersinar. Dalam serangannya terhadap Buddha: menaiki gajah, dengan tentera yang besar, dikelilingi oleh anak-anak perempuannya. Dalam wujud yang penuh kemarahan: menakutkan, berbekalkan senjata, menyembur api. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ilmu tentang kandungan imej dan maknanya.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikonografi<\/span> berbeza-beza mengikut tradisi dan episod.<\/p><p><strong>Tingkah Laku<\/strong><\/p><p>Tidak ganas, sebaliknya menggoda dan bersifat psikologi. Dia menghantar rangsangan deria, ketakutan, keraguan diri, kesombongan, dan belas kasihan diri. Ketiga-tiga anak perempuannya, Tanha (keinginan), Arati (kebencian), Raga (ketamakan), melambangkan jalan-jalan serangan yang khas.<\/p><p><strong>Bidang Pengaruh<\/strong><\/p><p>Seluruh dunia deria (Kamadhatu) adalah alam kekuasaannya. Kuasanya meliputi seluas mana makhluk melekat pada perkara duniawi. Pada ambang kesedaran, pada saat di bawah pokok Bodhi atau semasa meditasi yang mendalam, dia menampakkan dirinya lebih aktif.<\/p><p><strong>Kedudukan Mitologi<\/strong><\/p><p>Dia adalah seorang Deva, bukan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Makhluk rohani yang dikaitkan dengan kesan berbahaya atau bercanggah.\" tabindex=\"0\">iblis<\/span> dalam erti kata Barat. Watak ini menggabungkan kedudukan kosmologi (penguasa Kamadhatu) dengan fungsi psikologi (perwakilan segala rintangan). Dalam sesetengah tradisi, selepas kekalahannya, dia bahkan menjadi murid Buddha dan bertaubat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aspek-aspek terpenting Mara secara ringkas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asal Usul Mara<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deva Kamadhatu, penguasa dunia deria. Dalam sesetengah teks, dia jatuh akibat kesombongan. Dalam ajaran yang lebih luas: Empat Mara sebagai teori menyeluruh mengenai rintangan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Berkaitan Dengan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Semua makhluk yang melekat pada perkara duniawi. Terutamanya aktif dalam kalangan pengamal meditasi yang mahir dan pada ambang kesedaran.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rupa Bentuk<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deva yang tampan dalam kemuliaan; menaiki gajah bersama tentera; dengan tiga anak perempuan (keinginan, kebencian, ketamakan). Juga muncul dalam wujud penuh kemarahan sebagai pahlawan yang menakutkan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tindakan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bukan melalui kekerasan, tetapi melalui saranan: ketakutan, keraguan, keinginan, kesombongan. Bersifat psikologi yang licik, mengenali setiap manusia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perlindungan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gerak isyarat menyentuh bumi (Bhumisparsha-Mudra), pembacaan teks Paritta, Metta-Bhavana (meditasi kasih sayang), kebijaksanaan dan kesedaran sebagai perlindungan asas. Bukan pemusnahan, tetapi penelitian yang teliti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Persamaan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166150\">Satan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=165833\">Iblis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=165829\">Apophis<\/a>, Kama Hindu sebagai dewa cinta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pengendalian dalam kehidupan seharian<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Amalan Ritual<\/strong><\/p><p>Pembacaan Paritta (Theravada) pada saat-saat kritikal. Ratana Sutta (&#8220;Sutta Permata&#8221;) dan Karaniya Metta Sutta sebagai teks perlindungan utama. Dalam tradisi Mahayana, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Seruan atau permohonan kepada dewa atau kuasa.\" tabindex=\"0\">seruan<\/span> kepada Bodhisattva (Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri) untuk menentang pengaruh Mara.<\/p><p><strong>Amalan Meditasi<\/strong><\/p><p>&#8220;Pertahanan&#8221; terpenting terhadap Mara bukanlah pertahanan, tetapi penelitian yang teliti. Kesedaran (sati), pandangan mendalam (vipassana), kasih sayang (metta), ketiga-tiganya melenyapkan kuasa Mara kerana tidak melayani godaan tersebut. Gerak isyarat menyentuh bumi Buddha adalah gambaran asal amalan ini.<\/p><p><strong>Transformasi Vajrayana<\/strong><\/p><p>Dalam tradisi tantrik, tenaga Mara tidak dilawan, tetapi diubah melalui dewa-dewa meditasi yang penuh kemarahan (Yamantaka, Heruka). Watak pelindung yang penuh kemarahan itu secara struktur berkait dengan tenaga Mara, hanya dalam bentuk yang telah diubah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Persamaan dan Penerimaan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Persamaan Keagamaan:<\/strong> Satan dan Iblis berkongsi fungsi sebagai penggoda. Perbezaannya: Mara bertindak dalam sistem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dalam Hindu, Buddha dan Jain, hukum sebab-akibat perbuatan: setiap tindakan memberi kesan kepada kewujudan seterusnya.\">Karma<\/span>, bukan sebagai dewa lawan kosmik. Peranannya adalah perlu secara struktur, bukan jahat dalam erti mutlak.<\/p><p><strong>Tafsiran Psikologi:<\/strong> Guru-guru Buddha moden (Bhikkhu Bodhi, Stephen Batchelor) sebahagian besarnya membaca Mara secara psikologi: jumlah semua rintangan dalaman terhadap jalan kesedaran. Ini menjadikannya relevan secara langsung bagi pengamal meditasi masa kini.<\/p><p><strong>Seni dan Budaya Popular:<\/strong> Babak serangan Mara adalah salah satu motif imej terpenting dalam Buddhisme di seluruh dunia. Secara visual, ia terdapat dari Gandhara (abad ke-2 hingga ke-5) melalui Borobudur hingga ke manga Jepun moden. Dalam permainan video dan novel fantasi, Mara adalah watak yang sering muncul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5b4d88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa5b4d88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5d02f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb5d02f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Godaan di Bawah Pokok Bodhi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp761498e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp761498e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96af027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp96af027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Episod utama <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kisah tradisional mengenai dewa-dewa, asal usul dan susunan dunia.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitos<\/span> Mara adalah serangannya terhadap Buddha yang belum tercapai kesedaran, Bodhisattva Siddhartha Gautama, pada malam sebelum kesedarannya di bawah pokok ara di Bodhgaya.<\/p><p>Kisah ini terdapat dalam pelbagai teks, antaranya <em>Padhana Sutta<\/em> daripada Kanon Pali dan secara terperinci dalam kisah hidup kemudian seperti <em>Buddhacarita<\/em> oleh Ashvaghosha dan <em>Lalitavistara<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mara menyedari bahawa Bodhisattva hampir mencapai kejayaan dan akan terlepas daripada kekuasaannya terhadap dunia kelahiran dan kematian. Dia mula-mula menghantar tenteranya, sekumpulan makhluk iblis yang menakutkan, yang menyerang dengan senjata, ribut, api dan kegelapan.<\/p><p>Namun semua senjata bertukar menjadi bunga-bungaan sebaik sahaja mencapai Bodhisattva yang sedang bermeditasi. Selepas itu, Mara menghantar anak-anak perempuannya, yang dalam sesetengah teks dinamakan Tanha, Arati dan Raga (keinginan, ketidaksukaan, nafsu), untuk menggoda ahli zuhud itu, tetapi ia juga gagal.<\/p><p>Akhirnya, Mara mempersoalkan hak Bodhisattva untuk menduduki tempat kesedaran. Bodhisattva menyentuh bumi dengan tangan kanannya dan memanggilnya sebagai saksi kepada jasa-jasa yang telah dikumpulkannya sepanjang kehidupan yang tidak terhitung. Bumi menjadi saksi, Mara dikalahkan dan berundur.<\/p><p>Gerak isyarat ini, <em>bhumisparsha mudra<\/em>, iaitu gerak isyarat menyentuh bumi, menjadi bentuk penggambaran Buddha yang paling lazim dalam keseluruhan seni Buddha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa43bb8d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa43bb8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0af113c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0af113c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara Sebagai Prinsip Psikologi dalam Ajaran Kanonik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp920e0d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp920e0d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97daf06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp97daf06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dalam teks-teks Pali Kanon yang paling awal, Mara bukan sekadar watak naratif, tetapi juga satu konsep dalam ajaran. Perkataan <em>mara<\/em> berasal daripada kata dasar yang bermaksud mati, dan secara literalnya bermaksud pembunuh atau kematian. Mara melambangkan segala yang mengikat makhluk kepada kitaran kelahiran dan kematian.<\/p><p>Tradisi komentar membezakan beberapa aspek atau jenis Mara. Antaranya disebut Mara sebagai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sesuatu wujud yang disembah sebagai suci dalam sesuatu agama.\" tabindex=\"0\">dewa<\/span> (<em>devaputta-mara<\/em>), Mara sebagai lima kelompok kewujudan (<em>khandha-mara<\/em>), Mara sebagai kekotoran batin (<em>kilesa-mara<\/em>), dan Mara sebagai kematian itu sendiri (<em>maccu-mara<\/em>).<\/p><p>Dengan itu Mara sekaligus merupakan seteru yang konkrit dan juga simbol bagi kuasa-kuasa dalaman yang menghalang pembebasan.<\/p><p>Dalam <em>Samyutta Nikaya<\/em> terdapat banyak pertemuan ringkas di mana Mara muncul kepada Buddha atau para bhikkhu dan bhikkhuninya untuk mengelirukan, mengalih perhatian, atau menimbulkan keraguan. Yang menarik adalah sikap tokoh-tokoh yang telah sedar ini: mereka hanya mengenali Mara, menegurnya, dan dengan itu dia kehilangan kuasanya.<\/p><p>Tradisi Theravada sering membaca babak-babak ini sebagai alegori keadaan dalaman. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bidang ilmu yang mengkaji agama secara perbandingan tanpa keterikatan kepercayaan.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kajian agama<\/span> menekankan bahawa dalam Buddhisme awal, tahap mitos dan tahap psikologi tidak dipisahkan, tetapi difikirkan sebagai dua sisi bagi perkara yang sama.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc0e6bee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc0e6bee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp660c692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp660c692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kedudukan Mara dalam kosmologi Buddha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2284b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc2284b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp89354b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp89354b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dalam pandangan alam Buddha, Mara bukan lawan yang datang dari luar dunia, tetapi merupakan sebahagian daripada kosmos kelahiran semula itu sendiri. Dia dianggap sebagai penguasa syurga tertinggi dalam alam nafsu, dan dalam sesetengah teks disebut sebagai penghuni syurga <em>Paranirmita-vasavartin<\/em>. Mara dengan itu adalah makhluk berkuasa dengan usia panjang dan kekuatan besar, tetapi dia bukan kekal dan bukan terbebas.<\/p><p>Kepentingannya untuk menghalang pencerahan berasal daripada kedudukan ini. Selagi makhluk berada dalam kitaran kelahiran semula, mereka kekal dalam bidang kuasa Mara. Sesiapa yang mencapai pembebasan akan terlepas daripada kuasa ini. Oleh itu Mara bukanlah kejahatan mutlak dalam erti dualisme kosmik, tetapi satu kuasa dalam dunia bersyarat yang mempertahankan wilayahnya sendiri.<\/p><p>Susunan ini membezakan Buddhisme dengan jelas daripada agama-agama dualistik, di mana prinsip kejahatan berdiri setaraf dengan prinsip kebaikan. Mara berkuasa, tetapi pada dasarnya boleh dikalahkan, dan kekalahannya bukanlah kehancuran seorang musuh, tetapi sekadar terlepas daripada lingkungan pengaruhnya.<\/p><p>Penyelidikan menunjukkan bahawa tradisi kemudian, terutamanya dalam Mahayana, memperhalusi peranan Mara, malah ada yang mengajar bahawa makhluk yang telah sedar boleh berhadapan dengan Mara dengan penuh belas kasihan, kerana dia juga adalah makhluk yang menderita dalam kitaran kewujudan.<\/p><p>Persamaan jauh dengan watak penggoda ini dapat dilihat dalam agama lain, misalnya watak yang dikenali dalam <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166209\">teks-teks Kristian<\/a> sebagai seteru, namun kedudukan kosmologinya sangat berbeza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pautan lanjutan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pautan dalaman yang disyorkan:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166172\">Buddhisme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166180\">Preta<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166179\">Penjaga Naraka<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166181\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166150\">Iblis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=165833\">Iblis<\/a> (persamaan sebagai penggoda)<\/li><li>Pencerahan Buddha di bawah pokok Bodhi<\/li><li>Ajaran Empat Mara (Skandha, Klesha, Marana, Devaputra)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kepustakaan Penyelidikan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Pilihan karya utama mengenai Mara:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Boyd, James W.: <em>Satan and M\u0101ra. Christian and Buddhist Symbols of Evil<\/em>. Leiden 1975.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ling, T. O.: <em>Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil<\/em>. London 1962.<\/span><\/li><li>Nyanaponika Thera: <em>The Four Nutriments of Life<\/em>. Kandy 1981.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Walshe, Maurice: <em>The Long Discourses of the Buddha<\/em>. Boston 1995 (terjemahan Digha Nikaya).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Rhys Davids, Thomas W.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/bud\/sbe11\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Suttas<\/a><\/em>. Oxford 1881.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Karya rujukan lain dalam <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166246\">senarai bibliografi<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b29ad2f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b29ad2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b50593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b50593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Soalan Lazim tentang Mara<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Siapakah Mara dalam tradisi Buddha?<\/h3><p>Mara (dalam bahasa Sanskrit bermaksud kematian, penggoda) dalam ajaran Buddha adalah personifikasi godaan, ikatan duniawi dan kematian.<\/p><p>Mara menentang Buddha di bawah Pokok Bodhi dan cuba menghalangnya daripada mencapai pencerahan, dengan bala tentera iblis, dengan tiga anak perempuannya (Nafsu, Kekecewaan, Keinginan) dan dengan tuduhan bahawa Buddha tidak layak mencapai pencerahan. Buddha menyentuh bumi, yang menjadi saksi baginya, dan mengalahkan Mara melalui keteguhan hati.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Apakah empat Mara dalam ajaran Buddha?<\/h3><p>Ajaran Buddha membezakan empat aspek Mara: (1) Skandha-Mara, godaan melalui lima kelompok kewujudan (jasad, perasaan, persepsi, pembentukan mental, kesedaran); (2) Klesha-Mara, godaan melalui kekotoran batin (tamak, kebencian, kejahilan); (3) Mrtyu-Mara, kematian itu sendiri; (4) Devaputra-Mara, penggoda syurgawi (sosok yang dipersonifikasikan). Keempat-empatnya perlu dilalui dalam perjalanan menuju pembebasan.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Siapakah Mara dalam tradisi Buddha?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Mara (dalam bahasa Sanskrit bermaksud kematian, penggoda) dalam ajaran Buddha adalah personifikasi godaan, ikatan duniawi dan kematian. Mara menentang Buddha di bawah Pokok Bodhi dan cuba menghalangnya daripada mencapai pencerahan \\u2014 dengan bala tentera iblis, dengan tiga anak perempuannya (Nafsu, Kekecewaan, Keinginan) dan dengan tuduhan bahawa Buddha tidak layak mencapai pencerahan. Buddha menyentuh bumi \\u2014 yang menjadi saksi baginya \\u2014 dan mengalahkan Mara melalui keteguhan hati.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Apakah empat Mara dalam ajaran Buddha?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ajaran Buddha membezakan empat aspek Mara: (1) Skandha-Mara, godaan melalui lima kelompok kewujudan (jasad, perasaan, persepsi, pembentukan mental, kesedaran); (2) Klesha-Mara, godaan melalui kekotoran batin (tamak, kebencian, kejahilan); (3) Mrtyu-Mara, kematian itu sendiri; (4) Devaputra-Mara, penggoda syurgawi (sosok yang dipersonifikasikan). Keempat-empatnya perlu dilalui dalam perjalanan menuju pembebasan.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1554,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mara penggoda dalam Buddhisme","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mara \u2013 Dewa Tradisi Buddha","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-166178","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mara \u2013 Dewa Tradisi Buddha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ms_MY\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T12:53:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/\",\"name\":\"Mara \u2013 Dewa Tradisi Buddha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T12:43:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T12:53:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Dewa daripada tradisi Buddhisme.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/?page_id=166119\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mara\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Mara\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-05T12:43:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-05T12:53:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ms\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\",\"description\":\"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mara \u2013 Dewa Tradisi Buddha","description":"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/","og_locale":"ms_MY","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mara","og_description":"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-05T12:53:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Mara","datePublished":"2026-09-05T12:43:51+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T12:53:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","inLanguage":"ms-MY","description":"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/","name":"Mara \u2013 Dewa Tradisi Buddha","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-05T12:43:51+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T12:53:41+00:00","description":"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ms-MY","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ms-MY","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Dewa daripada tradisi Buddhisme."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?page_id=166119"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mara"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ms-MY"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ms-MY","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ms-MY","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Mara","datePublished":"2026-09-05T12:43:51+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-05T12:53:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","inLanguage":"ms-MY","description":"Mara adalah tokoh penentang utama dalam tradisi Buddha. Kisahnya yang paling terkenal ialah malam sebelum Buddha mencapai penerangan di bawah pokok Bodhi."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/166178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/166178\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=166178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}