{"id":185758,"date":"2026-09-07T00:37:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T00:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=185758"},"modified":"2026-09-07T00:40:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T00:40:00","slug":"hananim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/mn\/hananim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"185758\" class=\"elementor elementor-185758 elementor-3054 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c829f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"94c829f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b923208 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b923208\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-774a445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"774a445\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d35426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d35426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdceee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdceee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c (\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8) \u043d\u044c \u00ab\u0422\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u0437\u044d\u043d\u00bb \u0431\u0443\u044e\u0443 \u00ab\u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u00bb \u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u04af\u0433 \u044e\u043c. \u04ae\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0441\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043c\u0438\u0444 \u0434\u044d\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0434\u04af\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0425\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d (Hwanin) \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0443 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 19-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u044d\u0445\u043b\u044d\u043d \u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u044f\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d, \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u04af\u0440\u044d\u044d\u043d\u0434 \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0434\u044d\u0436 \u044d\u0445\u044d\u043b\u0441\u044d\u043d.<\/p><p>\u0422\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u04e9\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0436 \u0434\u044d\u0432\u0436\u0441\u044d\u043d \u043d\u044c \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0433 \u0445\u044d\u0441\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043d\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0443\u0443\u043b\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0442, \u04e9\u04e9\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0447\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u04af\u04af\u0434\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0432.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a87fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c0a87fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000caa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"000caa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0411\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d \/ \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d \u044d\u043c\u044d\u0433\u0442\u044d\u0439: \u0421\u043e\u0451\u043b\u044b\u043d \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0445\u04af\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043b\u044d\u043b, \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0433 \u04af\u04af\u0440\u044d\u0433\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u2014 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d 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data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f71efa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f71efa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u04ae\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0430 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b763f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b763f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0433\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u04af\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u00abhaneul\u00bb (\u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440) \u0433\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u04af\u0433 \u0431\u0430 \u0445\u04af\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u00ab-nim\u00bb \u0434\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u043d\u0438\u0439\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u0448\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430 \u00ab\u0445\u04af\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u00bb \u0431\u0443\u044e\u0443 \u00ab\u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u0437\u044d\u043d\u00bb \u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439. \u0425\u0443\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0443\u044e\u0443 \u0425\u0430\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u04af\u0447 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0414\u043e\u043d \u0411\u044d\u0439\u043a\u0435\u0440 \u00abKorean Spirituality\u00bb (2008) \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0434\u043e\u043e \u044d\u043d\u044d \u04af\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0434 17-18-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0434\u043e\u0433 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0447 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0436\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0436 \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0433\u04af\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0433\u044d\u0436\u044d\u044d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0416\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043d \u00abKorea: A Religious History\u00bb (1989) \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0434\u043e\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440 \u043d\u044c 19-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u044d\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0434 \u043e\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0445\u04af\u043c\u04af\u04af\u0441\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u044f\u0430 19-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u044b \u0441\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0447 \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0447\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u044d\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0440 \u0441\u0443\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0430 \u043e\u043b\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0433 \u0442\u044d\u043c\u0434\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>1882 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u041c\u0443\u043a\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0433\u044b\u0433 \u0445\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u043d \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0447\u0438\u0434 \u0416\u043e\u043d \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0416\u043e\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0440 \u0425\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0443-\u0413\u0440\u0435\u043a \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0434\u0430\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u042d\u043d\u044d \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0442 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433 \u04af\u043b\u044d\u043c\u0436 \u0445\u044d\u043c\u0436\u044d\u044d\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0436 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0436\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0441\u044d\u043d.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-982ee3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"982ee3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b40a6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b40a6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0434<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26981b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26981b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0447\u0438\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u04af\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0430\u0448\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u04e9\u043c\u043d\u04e9 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0443\u044e\u0443 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u044c \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043d \u04af\u0439\u043b\u0434 \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044b\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d.<\/p><p>\u0422\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u044d\u0434\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0443\u0440\u044c\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0434 \u0433\u0443\u0439\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0430 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0445\u0434\u044d\u044d \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d, \u044d\u0446\u044d\u0433 \u044d\u0445 \u043d\u044c \u0442\u04e9\u0440\u04e9\u043b\u0442 \u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u04af\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0436 \u044f\u0440\u044c\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d. \u042d\u043d\u044d \u0445\u04af\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u043b \u043d\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0439 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0428\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0443\u044e\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0451\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0434\u044b\u043d \u043d\u0438\u0439\u0442 \u0446\u043e\u0433\u0446.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043d<\/span> \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0436 \u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0433\u04af\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u04af\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u0446\u044d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044d\u043b\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0447 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0432.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041c\u044d\u0440\u0433\u044d\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0442\u043d\u04af\u04af\u0434 \u0441\u04af\u043d\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0440\u0442\u04e9\u043d\u0446\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/span>\u044b\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0440\u0445 \u0431\u04af\u0442\u044d\u044d\u043b\u04af\u04af\u0434\u0434\u044d\u044d \u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0434 (\u00abmudang\u00bb) \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0438\u0445\u044d\u0432\u0447\u043b\u044d\u043d \u0445\u043e\u043b, \u044f\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u043d\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0446\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0433\u04af\u0439 \u0445\u04af\u0447 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0434\u0443\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0445\u0430\u0434, \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043c\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0433\u044d\u044d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0436\u043b\u044b\u0433 \u043d\u0443\u0442\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u04af\u043d\u0441\u043d\u04af\u04af\u0434 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0443\u0443\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0433\u04af\u0439\u0446\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0433 \u0442\u044d\u043c\u0434\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d.<\/p><p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0448\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0445\u044d\u0441\u044d\u0433\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 \u0442\u0443\u0442\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043d \u04af\u0439\u043b\u0434 \u0448\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u04e9\u043b\u04e9\u04e9 \u04af\u0437\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0433\u04af\u0439. \u042d\u043d\u044d \u00abdeus otiosus\u00bb \u0431\u04af\u0442\u044d\u0446 \u043d\u044c \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0447\u0430 \u042d\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0441\u043d\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0439\u0434 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u04af\u04af\u0434\u044d\u0434 \u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0437\u04af\u0439\u043b \u044e\u043c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfceb0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bfceb0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f63af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f63af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">19-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u0437\u044d\u043c\u0448\u0438\u043b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c8d34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76c8d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d \u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433 \u0448\u0438\u0439\u0434\u044d\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d. \u0411\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044c (\u0443\u0443\u043b\u044b\u043d \u044d\u0437\u044d\u043d), \u0428\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043e (\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u04af\u0447) \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0436\u044d (\u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0447, \u043a\u04af\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e) \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0432.<\/p><p>\u0416\u043e\u043d \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0447\u0438\u0434 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0436\u044d\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u04af\u0439, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0440 \u043d\u044c \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u043a\u04af\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u044d\u0442 \u043d\u044f\u0433\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0428\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u04af\u0439, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0440 \u043d\u044c \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u0443\u044e\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u043e\u0439\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u0436 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0433\u04af\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0432. \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0434 \u0430\u043b\u044c \u0445\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0439\u043d, \u04e9\u0432\u04e9\u0440\u043c\u04e9\u0446 \u0445\u04af\u0447 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0432.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0410\u041d\u0423-\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0440\u0441\u044d\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0447\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u04af\u0440\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0447\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430 1880-1890-\u0430\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0433 \u04e9\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0432\u0441\u0430\u043d. 1885 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0421\u04e9\u04af\u043b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0440\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0425\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u0434 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0425\u0435\u043d\u0440\u0438 \u0410\u043f\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0434\u044d\u0445\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0434 \u0430\u0448\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0418\u0439\u043d\u0445\u04af\u04af 1900 \u043e\u043d \u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u044d\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u0417\u04af\u04af\u043d \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0434 (\u0425\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0434, \u042f\u043f\u043e\u043d) \u0438\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0442\u04e9\u0441\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u0442\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0443\u0433\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u04af\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0280a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d0280a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d7af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95d7af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f96e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f96e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>18-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u044b \u0441\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0447 \u04af\u0435\u0434 \u0425\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436 \u0438\u0440\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043d\u044c \u044d\u0445\u044d\u043d\u0434\u044d\u044d \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043e \u0420\u0438\u0447\u0447\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0432\u0442\u0440\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0425\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0427\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443 (\u00ab\u0422\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u0437\u044d\u043d\u00bb) \u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0430\u0448\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0432.<\/p><p>\u042d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u04e9\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0433 \u0445\u04af\u0440\u0442\u044d\u043b \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0428\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433\u044d\u043c\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043c\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u04e9\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d \u04af\u0439\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0442\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438<\/span>\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d \u04af\u043b\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d. \u0422\u0438\u0439\u043c\u044d\u044d\u0441 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0440\u0441\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0443 \u044f\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u043d\u044d\u0440\u043b\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u043b \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0427\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u043d\u044d\u0440\u043b\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433. \u0425\u043e\u0451\u0440 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0447 \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 \u0442\u0443\u0442\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b \u044f\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u044d\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043d.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0411\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u043d\u044d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u043e\u043d\u0446\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u0441\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0434 \u044d\u0432 \u043d\u044d\u0433\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0446\u04af\u04af\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0442 \u0445\u04af\u0440\u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d. \u0414\u043e\u043d \u0411\u044d\u0439\u043a\u0435\u0440 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0445 \u043d\u044c \u0437\u04e9\u0432\u0445\u04e9\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0433\u044b\u043d \u0430\u0441\u0443\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0438\u0448 \u0433\u044d\u0434\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0442\u044d\u043c\u0434\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d; \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0431\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u044b\u043d \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e\u0433 \u0442\u044d\u043c\u0434\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433: \u0427\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443 \u043d\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0442-\u043a\u04af\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0442 \u043c\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u04e9\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-511364e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"511364e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8483d68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8483d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0428\u0438\u043d\u044d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u04af\u04af\u0434<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2d9e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb2d9e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0443 \u0416\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043d \u04af\u0435 \u0431\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0447\u043b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u04af\u04af\u0434\u044d\u0434 \u0447 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0440 \u0441\u0443\u0443\u0440\u044c \u044d\u0437\u044d\u043b\u0434\u044d\u0433.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>1860 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0427\u043e\u0439 \u0416\u0435-\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u04af\u04af\u0441\u0433\u044d\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0422\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043a \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c-\u044b\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0433\u044d\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0445\u04af\u043d \u0431\u04af\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0440\u0448\u0434\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u0438\u0435\u0436\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u043d \u0448\u04af\u0442\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d (\u00ab\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044d\u0447\u043e\u043d\u00bb, \u00ab\u0445\u04af\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u00bb \u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0430\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0433). \u042d\u043d\u044d \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d 1894 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043d \u0422\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u04af\u0440\u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0427\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0451\u043e \u043d\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0441\u0430\u043d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>1909 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u043d-\u0425\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0442\u044d\u0439\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0414\u044d\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0451\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0447 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c-\u044b\u0433 \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043d \u0433\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433. \u0425\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c \u04af\u04af\u0441\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0421\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0451\u043d \u041c\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d (\u041d\u044d\u0433\u0434\u044d\u043b \u0421\u04af\u043c) \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u04e9\u0432\u043b\u04e9\u043d \u0430\u0432\u0447\u044d\u044d. \u042d\u043d\u044d\u0445\u04af\u04af \u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u044c \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u044d\u043b \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0445\u044d\u0447\u043d\u044d\u044d\u043d \u043d\u044d\u044d\u043b\u0442\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445\u044b\u0433, \u043c\u04e9\u043d \u044f\u043d\u0437 \u0431\u04af\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0443\u0440\u0441\u0433\u0430\u043b \u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0437\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e \u0445\u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043d \u0430\u0448\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0433 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8badfd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8badfd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165c229 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"165c229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0446\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616653e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"616653e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c (Hananim) \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0427\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443 (Cheonju) \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0445\u043e\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0433 \u0437\u04e9\u0432\u0445\u04e9\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0440\u0441\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0441, \u0445\u044d\u043b \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u04af\u04af\u0434\u043d\u044d\u044d\u0441 \u0447 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0436 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e. \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0446\u044d\u0432\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u04af\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0427\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443 \u043d\u044c \u0445\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0434-\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u044e\u043c. \u042d\u043d\u044d \u0445\u044d\u043b \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0437\u04e9\u0440\u04af\u04af \u043d\u044c \u0438\u0442\u0433\u044d\u0433\u0447\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0439\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0442, \u043c\u044d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u043c\u0436\u0438\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0433.<\/p><p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c-\u044b\u0433 \u043e\u0439\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u043c\u044d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0445 \u043d\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0445\u0430\u0434, \u0427\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443-\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u04af\u04af \u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d \u0451\u0441\u043d\u044b, \u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0442\u044d\u0439, \u0431\u0438\u0447\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u04af\u0437\u0434\u044d\u0433. \u0418\u0439\u043d\u0445\u04af\u04af \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0440 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u043d\u044c \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0434 \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u0445\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0447, \u0442\u044d\u0434\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u043e\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0433\u04af\u0439.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043e (Antonetta Bruno) \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0440\u0445 \u0431\u04af\u0442\u044d\u044d\u043b\u04af\u04af\u0434\u0434\u044d\u044d \u044d\u043d\u044d \u044f\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0430\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0436 \u0431\u0443\u0439 \u0445\u044d\u043b \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0442 \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u043d \u043e\u0439\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0445\u044b\u0433 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d. \u0422\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u043d\u044d\u0433 \u0445\u044d\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0433 \u04af\u043d\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0440 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u04af\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0445\u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043d \u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0446\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0436 \u0447\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u04af\u04af\u043d\u044d\u044d\u0441 \u044f\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u0447 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0433\u04af\u0439\u0433 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436\u044d\u044d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f80e53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f80e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a56984 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a56984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u04e8\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0442<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed8050a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed8050a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u04e8\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b \u04e8\u043c\u043d\u04e9\u0434 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0434 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043b\u044d\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0436\u044d\u044d. \u04e8\u043c\u043d\u04e9\u0434 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0430\u044f\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0448 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0434 \u0447 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u04af\u043c\u04af\u04af\u0434 \u04e9\u0440\u0433\u04e9\u043d \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0443\u043b \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0430\u0441\u0430\u0440 \u04e9\u0440\u0433\u04e9\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0433.<\/p><p>\u0422\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0447\u043b\u044d\u043d \u0443\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043e\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0441 \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u044d\u043d\u0434 \u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043b\u044d\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u0439\u0442\u043b\u044d\u0433 \u04af\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0433, \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043b \u0448\u04af\u043b\u044d\u0433, \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 \u0442\u0443\u0442\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0446 \u04af\u0433, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u044d\u043d\u0434 \u0447 \u0442\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0434\u043e\u0433.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u042d\u043d\u044d\u0445\u04af\u04af \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u04af\u0433\u0441\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d \u04af\u043b\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u043d\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0443\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u04af\u043b\u044d\u044d\u043d \u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043c\u0436\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u04af\u043d\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0430\u0447 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u043b \u0431\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0448\u044d\u044d \u044e\u043c.<\/p><p>\u0416\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u044d\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043d (James Grayson) \u044d\u043d\u044d \u04af\u0437\u044d\u0433\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u00ab\u0434\u044d\u043b\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u044d\u043d\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0439 \u04e9\u0432\u04e9\u0440\u043c\u04e9\u0446\u00bb \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u043d \u04af\u043d\u044d\u043b\u0436\u044d\u044d, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0440 \u043d\u044c \u0438\u0445\u044d\u043d\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u044d\u043d\u0434 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0447\u0438\u0434 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043e\u0445, \u044d\u0441\u0432\u044d\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e\u0433 \u044d\u0440\u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0433. \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0433\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0438\u0445\u044d\u043d\u0445\u0434\u044d\u044d \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0436, \u0437\u04e9\u0432\u0445\u04e9\u043d \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433\u043b\u044d\u044d\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u04af\u04af \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0441\u043e\u043d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93d633f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93d633f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e4d127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e4d127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0421\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c170e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c170e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c-\u044b\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0433 \u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u044f\u0430 \u0416\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u044d\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043d (James Grayson), \u0414\u043e\u043d \u0411\u044d\u0439\u043a\u0435\u0440 (Don Baker), \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d (Boudewijn Walraven) \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043e (Antonetta Bruno) \u043d\u0430\u0440 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0432\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436 \u0438\u0440\u0441\u044d\u043d. \u0422\u044d\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0433\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0434 \u0445\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0430\u0436\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0433\u04af\u043d\u0437\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u044d\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043b, \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0430\u0447 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u043b \u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0436\u044d\u044d.<\/p><p>\u0413\u044d\u0432\u0447 \u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d, \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d, \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0438\u0447\u0432\u044d\u0440\u04af\u04af\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u043b \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0442\u044b\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0442\u0430\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d \u04af\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04af\u0440\u044d\u043d \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0447 \u0438\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0433\u04af\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u041c\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e \u0420\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0442\u043e (Maurizio Riotto) \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0442\u04af\u04af\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0440\u0445 \u0445\u044d\u0434 \u0445\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043d \u04e9\u0433\u04af\u04af\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0434\u044d\u044d \u0425\u043e\u0439\u0434 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0422\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440 (Tengri) \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e\u0433 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0446\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u0448\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0448\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0436\u0433\u04af\u0439 \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043e\u043c\u0436\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u04af\u0433\u043d\u044d\u043b\u0442 \u0445\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u04af\u04af \u04e9\u0440\u0433\u04e9\u043d \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u0445 \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0445\u04af\u0440\u044d\u044d\u043d\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u044c 20-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0447\u0430 \u042d\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0435 (Mircea Eliade) \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c \u0428\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0442 (Wilhelm Schmidt) \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0430\u043d\u0445\u0430\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0442\u04e9\u0432\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0441\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u0430\u043d\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0441\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0442\u00bb \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u0445 \u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0445\u044d\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0446\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0433\u044d\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0448\u044d\u044d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0433.<\/p><p>\u0410\u043d\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04af\u0440\u0445\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0448\u04af\u04af\u043c\u0436\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0434 \u04e9\u0440\u0442\u0441\u04e9\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0447, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0448\u044d\u044d\u0433 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0446\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u04af\u0440\u044d\u044d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0447 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043b\u044b\u0433 \u0445\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439 \u043e\u0439\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0442 \u0445\u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043d \u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0448 \u0445\u0430\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0439 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0428\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b, \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u0445 \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0434<\/span> \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0433\u04af\u0439\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u043e\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0436 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445, \u043c\u04e9\u043d \u0433\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0440 \u0445\u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d \u0441\u044d\u0440\u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445\u044b\u0433 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e7f10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"75e7f10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac99849 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac99849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0445\u0430\u043a (Donghak), \u0427\u043e \u0427\u0436\u0435-\u0443 (Choe Je-u) \u0431\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-852ff55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"852ff55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>19-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u044b \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0447\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0428\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b, \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u0445 \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/span> \u043d\u044c \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c-\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e. \u0427\u043e \u0427\u0436\u0435-\u0443 (Choe Je-u, 1824\u20131864), \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0445\u0430\u043a (\u00ab\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b\u00bb) \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u04af\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0441\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0447 \u043d\u044c 1860 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0443\u0443\u043b\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0433 \u043c\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u0442\u044d\u0440 \u04af\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u0437\u044d\u043d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433 \u04e9\u0433\u0441\u04e9\u043d \u0433\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u00ab\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0451\u043d \u0434\u044d\u0436\u043e\u043d\u00bb (1880) \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u00ab\u0419\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043c \u044e\u0441\u0430\u00bb (1881) \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u0445 \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0447\u0432\u044d\u0440\u04af\u04af\u0434\u044d\u0434 \u0446\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d \u04af\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0441 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b \u043d\u044c \u0445\u04af\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0440 \u0442\u0443\u0441\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0438\u0448 \u0433\u044d\u0434\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043b\u0434\u044d\u0433. \u00ab\u0421\u0438 \u0427\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0443\u00bb (\u00ab\u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u044d\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440\u0442\u04e9\u04e9 \u0430\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0445\u00bb) \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u0445 \u0442\u04e9\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043b\u044d\u043b \u043d\u044c \u0442\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0436\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0447 \u0427\u043e \u0421\u0438-\u0445\u0451\u043d\u0433, \u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u044f\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0451\u043d\u0445\u0438-\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u04af\u04af \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u043d\u044d\u0447\u043e\u043d\u00bb (\u00ab\u0425\u04af\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u00bb) \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u042d\u043d\u044d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0440 \u0441\u0443\u0443\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u04af\u04af\u043c\u0436\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u0427\u043e \u0427\u0436\u0435-\u0443 1864 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0430\u043c\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d; \u0442\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0440 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0421\u04af\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d \u0451\u0441\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0442\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u04af\u0437\u044d\u043b.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0442\u044d\u0440\u0441\u044d\u043b\u0442 \u04af\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d<\/span> \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0431\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u044d\u0433\u0434\u044d\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0440\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0446\u0430\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0441\u0430\u043d. \u0425\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d 1894 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0445\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0447\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0430\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u04af\u0440\u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u044d\u0445\u044d\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0434\u044d\u044d \u0431\u04af\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u0442\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0430\u043c\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0442 \u043e\u043b\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0447, \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430 \u043d\u044c \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u043a\u04af\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d-\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0446\u044d\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u04af\u0447\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0446\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0433\u0434\u0441\u043e\u043d.<\/span><\/p><p>\u0414\u043e\u043d \u0411\u044d\u0439\u043a\u0435\u0440 (Don Baker) \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0421\u044e\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0428\u0438\u043d (Susan Shin) \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0445\u0430\u043a \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04af\u0442\u044d\u044d\u043b\u04af\u04af\u0434\u0434\u044d\u044d \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0445\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0428\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b, \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u0445 \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/span> \u043d\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043d \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u043a\u04af\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0434 \u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0433\u04af\u0439\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043e\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445\u044b\u0433 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436\u044d\u044d.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0421\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0451\u043d\u0445\u0438 1905 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0427\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0451 (\u00ab\u0422\u044d\u043d\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u00bb) \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0447\u043b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0434, \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043b 1919 \u043e\u043d\u044b \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u0434, \u0442\u0443\u0441\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d\u0434 \u0447\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043b \u04af\u04af\u0440\u044d\u0433 \u0433\u04af\u0439\u0446\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d393860 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d393860\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531e742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531e742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-794cfb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"794cfb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0447\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d \u043d\u044c \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0441\u0443\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u00bb (Korean Term Question) \u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d\u044d\u0445, \u0417\u04af\u04af\u043d \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0438\u043b\u04af\u04af \u04e9\u0440\u0433\u04e9\u043d \u0445\u04af\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u043c\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0446\u044d\u044d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u044d\u0433 \u0445\u044d\u0441\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u044e\u043c. \u0425\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0434 \u0428\u044d\u043d\u044c (Shen), \u0428\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0433 (Shangdi), \u0422\u044f\u043d\u044c\u0447\u0436\u0443 (Tianzhu) \u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u04af\u0433\u0441\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u043e\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0442\u04e9\u0441\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0443\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043e \u0420\u0438\u0447\u0447\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0446\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u044d\u0445\u043b\u044d\u043d \u0437\u0443\u0443 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0448 \u04af\u0440\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044d\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043d \u04af\u04af\u0441\u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d.<\/p><p>\u042f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0447\u0438\u0434 19-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0433\u044b\u043d \u04af\u0433 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u042f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0428\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0434 \u0445\u04af\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0441\u04af\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044d\u0433 \u043e\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0439\u043d\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0431\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0433 \u0445\u04af\u0447\u043d\u04af\u04af\u0434.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/span>-\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044c \u0438\u0445\u044d\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043d \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0434 \u0445\u04af\u0440\u0433\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d. \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0430\u0441\u0443\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0445\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0439 \u0445\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u0434 \u044d\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0448\u0438\u0439\u0434\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0414\u043e\u043d \u0411\u044d\u0439\u043a\u0435\u0440 (Don Baker) \u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434, \u0433\u0430\u043d\u0446 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u04af\u0442\u0446\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0439\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0446\u043e\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u0416\u043e\u043d \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441 (John Ross) 1877 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u00abCorean Primer\u00bb-\u0438\u0439\u0433, 1882 \u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u043a \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0428\u0438\u043d\u044d \u0413\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u043d\u044d\u044d\u0441 \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0430\u043d\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0443\u0443\u0434\u044b\u0433 \u0445\u044d\u0432\u043b\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0441\u044d\u043d. \u0422\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0441\u0434\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u0421\u043e \u0421\u0430\u043d-\u0440\u044e\u043d (Seo Sang-ryun), \u0411\u044d\u043a \u0425\u043e\u043d-\u0436\u0443\u043d (Baek Hong-jun) \u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u044d\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u04e9\u0440\u0432\u04e9\u0433\u0441\u04e9\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d.<\/span><\/p><p>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0448\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0430 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u043c\u044d\u043d \u044d\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u043b\u044c \u0445\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b\u0433 \u043c\u044d\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d\u00bb \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b \u0445\u043e\u0436\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u044d \u0434\u04af\u0433\u043d\u044d\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0437\u04e9\u0432 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u04af\u0437\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0447 \u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0434 \u0445\u044d\u0442 \u0445\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u04af\u043d\u044d\u043b\u0434\u044d\u0433.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u0439\u043b (James Scarth Gale) \u00abKorean Sketches\u00bb (1898), \u00abThe Cloud Dream of the Nine\u00bb (1922) \u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0433 \u0431\u04af\u0442\u044d\u044d\u043b\u0434\u044d\u044d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u044d\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0440\u0442\u04e9\u043d\u0446\u04e9\u0434 \u0443\u0442\u0433\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0445\u043d\u044b \u0445\u044d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0440\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043c\u0436\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0436 \u04e9\u0440\u0433\u04e9\u0436\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0441\u044d\u043d.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0904447 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0904447\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea33b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ea33b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0431\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0451\u043b\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2fc1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf2fc1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>20 \u0431\u0430 21-\u0440 \u0437\u0443\u0443\u043d\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0445\u044d\u0434 \u0445\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0440\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0433 \u0442\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d. 1970-1980-\u0430\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u043d\u044b \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0436\u0443\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0447\u04e9\u043b\u04e9\u04e9\u043b\u04e9\u0445 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0428\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430 \u0438\u0442\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439 \u044d\u0440\u0434\u044d\u043c \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0433\u044d\u044d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/span>, \u0421\u0443 \u041d\u0430\u043c-\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0433, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u041e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0451\u043b\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0447 \u0445\u04af\u0447 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0445\u04af\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0433 \u04e9\u0432\u04e9\u0433 \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0441.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0410\u043d<\/span> \u0411\u044e\u043d\u0433-\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0442\u044d\u0440\u0433\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u044d\u043d\u044d \u0445\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u043b\u0433\u04e9\u04e9\u043d \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0436\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u0436, \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0445\u04af\u043c\u04af\u04af\u0441\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0442\u0433\u0430\u0436, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0442\u04af\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0447\u043b\u043e\u043b, \u0434\u0430\u0439\u043d, \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0439\u043b\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u043c\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0445\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043d \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445 \u0425\u0430\u043d-\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0436 \u04af\u0437\u0441\u044d\u043d.<\/p><p>\u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u043d\u0438\u0439\u0433\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d \u044d\u043d\u044d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0443\u044f\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u04e9\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u04e9\u0432\u04e9\u0440\u043c\u04e9\u0446 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0431\u04af\u0440\u0434\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0432\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u04ae\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0441\u0440\u044d\u0433 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0434 Cho Yonggi-\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d (1936-2021) Yoido Full Gospel \u0441\u04af\u043c\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0442\u044d\u0440\u0433\u04af\u04af\u043b\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u041f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u04af\u043c\u04af\u04af\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0428\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430 \u0438\u0442\u0433\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439 \u044d\u0440\u0434\u044d\u043c \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0433\u044d\u044d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043b.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0433 \u0431\u0430 \u0441\u04af\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044d\u0433 \u044d\u0440\u0434\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0433 \u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433 \u04e9\u0433\u04e9\u0433\u0447 \u0433\u044d\u0436 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433.<\/span><\/p><p>\u041d\u0438\u0439\u0433\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0431\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0433-\u0431\u0430\u044f\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0440 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044b \u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0433\u04af\u043d \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0441\u044d\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d \u041a\u0438\u043c (Sebastian Kim), \u0416\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u044d\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043d (James Grayson), \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0411\u0443\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043b (Robert Buswell) \u043d\u0430\u0440 \u04e9\u04e9\u0440\u0441\u0434\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0435\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0448\u04af\u0442\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0433 \u0438\u0439\u043d\u0445\u04af\u04af \u04e9\u04e9\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0441\u044d\u043d \u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043b\u0434\u044d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u043b\u044b\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0442\u0436\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f594dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f594dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f84ec19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f84ec19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u042d\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0436 \u0431\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043e\u043b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5fcbcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5fcbcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0410\u043d\u0445\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0436\u0443\u0443\u0434: \u0427\u043e\u044d \u0416\u0435-\u0443 (Choe Je-u), \u00abDonggyeong daejeon\u00bb (\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430 1880), \u00abYongdam yusa\u00bb (\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430 1881); \u0416\u043e\u043d \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441 (John Ross), \u00abHistory of Corea, Ancient and Modern\u00bb (\u041f\u044d\u0439\u0441\u043b\u0438 1879), \u00abCorean Primer\u00bb (\u0428\u0430\u043d\u0445\u0430\u0439 1877); \u0416\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u0439\u043b (James Scarth Gale), \u00abKorean Sketches\u00bb (\u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a 1898); \u0425\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441 \u0413. \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u0434 (Horace G. Underwood), \u00abThe Religions of Eastern Asia\u00bb (\u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a 1910).<\/span><\/p><p>\u0425\u043e\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0447 \u044d\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0436:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>\u0416\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0425. \u0413\u0440\u044d\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043d (James H. Grayson), \u00abKorea: A Religious History\u00bb (\u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434 1989, 2002), \u00abEarly Buddhism and Christianity in Korea\u00bb (\u041b\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d 1985).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u0414\u043e\u043d \u0411\u044d\u0439\u043a\u0435\u0440 (Don Baker), \u00abKorean Spirituality\u00bb (\u0425\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043b\u0443 2008), \u00abCatholics and Anti-Catholicism in Choson Korea\u00bb (\u0425\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043b\u0443 2017).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u0411\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d (Boudewijn Walraven), \u00abSongs of the Shaman\u00bb (\u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d 1994).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u0421\u044e\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0428\u0438\u043d (Susan Shin), \u00abTonghak Thought: The Roots of Revolution\u00bb, \u0445\u044d\u0432\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u00abKorea Journal\u00bb 19 (1979).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u0421\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d \u041a\u0438\u043c (Sebastian Kim), \u00abIn Search of Identity: Debates on Religious Conversion in India\u00bb, \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0445\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0446\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0441\u0433\u04af\u04af\u0434\u0442\u044d\u0439 (\u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434 2003).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>\u0416\u043e\u0440\u0436 \u041f\u0430\u0439\u043a (George Paik), \u00abThe History of Protestant Missions in Korea 1832-1910\u00bb (\u041f\u0451\u043d\u044a\u044f\u043d 1929, \u0434\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d \u0445\u044d\u0432\u043b\u044d\u043b\u0442 \u0421\u04e9\u04af\u043b 1980).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-nosnippet>\u041d\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0451\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0441\u0443\u0443\u0434\u043b\u044b\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u044d\u043b\u0433\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043d\u0433\u04af\u0439\u0433 \u0421\u0443\u043d\u0433-\u0414\u044c\u044e\u043a \u041e\u0430\u043a (Sung-Deuk Oak), \u00abThe Making of Korean Christianity\u00bb (\u0423\u044d\u0439\u043a\u043e 2013)-\u0430\u0430\u0441 \u04af\u0437\u043d\u044d \u04af\u04af.<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3243,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u2013 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0434\u044d\u044d\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u0425\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c 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