{"id":86209,"date":"2026-08-02T19:31:53","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T19:31:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ksitigarbha-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T19:32:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T19:32:25","slug":"ksitigarbha","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ko\/ksitigarbha\/","title":{"rendered":"Ksitigarbha"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"86209\" class=\"elementor elementor-86209 elementor-3038\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e868ac8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e868ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe78d0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe78d0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4c167 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a4c167\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e09f43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e09f43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4, \uc9c0\uc625\uc758 \ubcf4\uc0b4<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a54a838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a54a838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4(Ksitigarbha, \uc0b0\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc5b4 &#8216;\ub300\uc9c0\uc758 \ubaa8\ud0dc&#8217;)\uc740 \ub300\uc2b9\ubd88\uad50 \ubc0f \ub3d9\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\uc0dd\uc774 \uc9c0\uc625\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\ud0c8\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc131\ubd88\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5c4\uc219\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc11c\uc57d.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc11c\uc6d0<\/span>\uc73c\ub85c \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc7a5(\u5730\u85cf), \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc870(\u5730\u8535), \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4(\u5730\u85cf\u83e9\u85a9)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4. \ub9dd\uc790\uc640\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc5f0\uacc4, \uc911\uc74c(\u4e2d\u9670) \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uc5ec\uc815, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774 \uc218\ud638\ub77c\ub294 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \ub3d9\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \uc2e0\uc559\ub418\ub294 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc0c1 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a44f4a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a44f4a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1765563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1765563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0 \/ \uc5ec\uc2e0: \ud55c \ubb38\ud654\uc758 \ud310\ud14c\uc628\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uaca9\ud654\ub41c \ucd5c\uace0 \uad8c\ub2a5\uc73c\ub85c, \uc790\uc5f0\ub825, \uc6b4\uba85, \uc804\uc7c1, \ud48d\uc694 \ub4f1 \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \uad00\ud560 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2d8. \uc81c\uc758, \uc81c\ubb3c, \uc2e0\uc804 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc22d\ubc30\ub428.\">\uc2e0<\/span><a href=\"\/ko\/buddhismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\ubcf4\uc0b4, \uc218\ud638\uc2e0, \uc544\uadc0, \uc9c0\uc625 \uc218\ubb38\uc7a5\uc744 \uc544\uc6b0\ub974\ub294 \ubd88\uad50 \uc804\ud1b5.\">\ubd88\uad50<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3325e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3325e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90cd16e elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"90cd16e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;\\uc774 \\ud398\\uc774\\uc9c0\\uc5d0\\uc11c \\uc81c\\ubaa9\\uc744 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\ubaa9\ucc28\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0b2456 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f0b2456\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c4716c iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c4716c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3274\" alt=\"Ksitigarbha - G\u00f6tter aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0214908 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0214908\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b1329 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0b1329\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc79855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc79855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc0b0\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc790\ub8cc\uc640 \uacbd\uc804<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f19d17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f19d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc790\ub8cc\ub294 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\ubcf8\uc6d0\uacbd(Ksitigarbha-Bodhisattva-Purvapranidhana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>)\uc73c\ub85c, \uc57d\uce6d \uc9c0\uc7a5\uacbd(\u5730\u85cf\u7d93, Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>)\uc774\ub2e4. 7\uc138\uae30 \ud55c\uc5ed\ubcf8\ub9cc \uc804\ud574\uc9c0\uba70, \uc778\ub3c4 \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc740 \uc18c\uc2e4\ub418\uc5c8\uac70\ub098 \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \ubc84\uc2a4\uc6f0\uacfc \ub3c4\ub110\ub4dc \ub85c\ud398\uc988\ub294 \u300a\ud504\ub9b0\uc2a4\ud134 \ubd88\uad50 \uc0ac\uc804\u300b(Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, \ud504\ub9b0\uc2a4\ud134, 2014)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>\ub97c \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ub610\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\ub9bd\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uba70, \uae30\uc874\uc758 \ubcf4\uc0b4 \ubaa8\ud2f0\ud504\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ud55c \uad6c\uc131\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>\ub294 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc804\uc0dd\uc744 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131 \ub610\ub294 \ubc14\ub77c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\ub4ed \uc9c0\uc625 \uc911\uc0dd \uad6c\uc81c\uc758 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc744 \ud5a5\ud574 \ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc5c4\uc219\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc11c\uc57d.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc11c\uc6d0<\/span>\uc744 \uc138\uc6e0\ub2e4. \ud575\uc2ec \uad6c\uc808\uc758 \ub73b\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc9c0\uc625\uc774 \ud145 \ube44\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \uc131\ubd88\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\uc73c\uba70, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\uc0dd\uc774 \uad6c\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \uc5f4\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c, \ubd84\ub7c9\uc774 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc801\uc740 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc740 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \uc2ed\ub95c\uacbd(Dasakra-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc804\uc740 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc774 \ub9d0\ubc95 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ub3c4\ub355\uc801 \ud0c0\ub77d\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uad74\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5f4 \uac1c\uc758 \ubc14\ud034\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4. \ub450 \ubb38\ud5cc \ubaa8\ub450 \ub3d9\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0bc\uc7a5(\u4e09\u85cf) \ubb38\ud5cc \uc9d1\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub41c \uacbd\uc804 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc815\uc804<\/span>\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe85b6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe85b6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac0183d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac0183d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ud310\ud14c\uc628\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d06f78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d06f78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc911\uad6d \ub300\uc2b9\ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc740 \uad00\uc74c(Avalokiteshvara, \uad00\uc138\uc74c\ubcf4\uc0b4), \ubb38\uc218(Manjushri, \ubb38\uc218\ubcf4\uc0b4), \ubcf4\ud604(Samantabhadra, \ubcf4\ud604\ubcf4\uc0b4)\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\ub300\ubcf4\uc0b4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uaf3d\ud78c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub124 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ud55c \uc131\uc9c0(\u8056\u5730)\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc740 \uc548\ud6c4\uc774\uc131\uc758 \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0(\u4e5d\u83ef\u5c71)\uc5d0 \ubc30\uc18d\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uc0b0(\u56db\u5c71) \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 9\uc138\uae30 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ub418\uba70, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc911\uad6d \ubd88\uad50 \uc21c\ub840 \uc9c0\ud615\uc744 \uad6c\uc870\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uae30\ub2a5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc740 \uad00\uc74c\uacfc \uc790\ube44 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub418, \uc778\uac04 \uc0b6\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc120 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uad00\uc74c\uc774 \uc774 \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \uc911\uc0dd\uc744 \uc218\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc740 \uc721\ub3c4(\u516d\u9053) \uc911 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc12f \ub3c4, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc9c0\uc625(naraka)\uacfc \uc544\uadc0(preta) \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88e1a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a88e1a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2848bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2848bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ub3c4\uc0c1\ud559<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5f7b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5f7b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2b9\ub824\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc655\uc871 \uc7a5\uc2e0\uad6c\ub97c \ucc29\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uacfc \uad6c\ubcc4\ub418\ub294 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uce74\ucfe0\uce74\ub77c(\u932b\u6756), \uc989 \ubc29\uc6b8\uc774 \ub2ec\ub9b0 \uc2b9\ub824\uc758 \uc9c0\ud321\uc774\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc9c0\uc625\uc758 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc5d0 \ubc1f\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc8c\ub808\ub97c \ucad3\uc544 \uc911\uc0dd\uc744 \ud574\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc67c\uc190\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\uc758\uc8fc(\u5982\u610f\u73e0, Cintamani)\ub97c \ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc554\ud751\ud55c \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \ube5b\uc744 \uac00\uc838\ub2e4\uc900\ub2e4. \uba38\ub9ac\ub294 \uad6c\uc871\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \uc2b9\ub824\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0ad\ubc1c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc870 \ub3c4\uc0c1\uc740 \uc774 \uae30\ubcf8 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uacc4\uc2b9\ud558\ub418 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uae38\uac00\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \uc11d\uc0c1\uc740 \uc815\uc804\uc801 \uc6d0\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\uc0dd\ub41c \ubbfc\uac04 \uc2e0\uc559\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2620dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2620dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb2e2e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb2e2e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uacfc \uae40\uad50\uac01 \uc804\uc124<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e17f5b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e17f5b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc548\ud6c4\uc774\uc131\uc758 \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uc740 8\uc138\uae30 \uc774\ub798 \uc9c0\uc7a5 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc8fc\ub85c \uc131\uc778\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uad50\ud654\uc801 \uc774\uc57c\uae30.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc804\uc124<\/span>\uc740 \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uc744 720\ub144\uacbd \uc2b9\ub824\ub85c\uc11c \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \uac74\ub108\uc640 \uc774 \uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ud589 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud55c \ud55c\uad6d \uc655\uc790 \uae40\uad50\uac01(\u91d1\u55ac\u89ba, \uc911\uad6d\uc5b4: \uc9c4\uad50\uac01)\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uadf8\ub294 99\uc138\uc5d0 \uc785\uc801\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, 3\ub144 \ud6c4 \uadf8 \uc720\ud574\uac00 \uc628\uc804\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \ubd88\uad50\uc801 \uc774\ud574\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \uae68\ub2ec\uc74c\uc758 \uc9d5\ud45c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \ud654\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc778\ubb3c\uc740 \uc0ac\ub8cc \ube44\ud310\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uace0\uace0\ud559\uc801 \ubc0f \ubb38\ud5cc \uc790\ub8cc\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4. Hans Steininger\ub294 \u300cBuddhistische Pilgerst\u00e4tten Chinas\u300d(Wiesbaden, 1976)\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ud615\uc131 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc0c1\uc138\ud788 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a107da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a107da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-125645b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"125645b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc870<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f38ebe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f38ebe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc870\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4, \uace0\uc804\uc801 \uc815\uc804\uc758 \ud2c0\uc744 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub118\uc5b4 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774, \uc5ec\ud589\uc790, \uc784\uc0b0\ubd80, \uc784\uc885\uc790\uc758 \ubbfc\uac04 \uc2e0\uc559\uc801 \uc218\ud638\uc2e0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud2b9\ud788 \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ubbf8\uc988\ucf54 \uc9c0\uc870(\u6c34\u5b50\u5730\u8535) \uc2e0\uc559\uc740 \uc0ac\uc0b0(\u6b7b\u7523), \uc720\uc0b0 \ub610\ub294 \ub099\ud0dc\ub85c \uc8fd\uc740 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4, \uc989 &#8216;\ubb3c\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4(\ubbf8\uc988\ucf54)&#8217;\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 20\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ud604\ub300\uc801 \ubc1c\uc804\uc73c\ub85c, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub099\ud0dc\uac00 \ud569\ubc95\ud654\ub41c 1948\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p>William LaFleur\ub294 \u300cLiquid Life. Abortion and Buddhism in Japan\u300d(Princeton, 1992)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \uc815\uc804\uc801 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c \uac16\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \uc560\ub3c4 \uc791\uc5c5, \uc0ac\ucc30\uc758 \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4, \ubd88\uad50\uc801 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc774 \uacb0\ud569\ub41c \ud604\ub300\uc801 \ubcf5\ud569\uccb4\uc784\uc744 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774\uc640 \ub300\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, 12\uc138\uae30 \uc774\ub798 \uc77c\ubcf8 \uc804\uc5ed\uc758 \uad50\ucc28\ub85c, \uc0b0\uae38, \ubb18\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc9c0\uc870 \uc11d\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ec\ud589\uc790\uc640 \ub9dd\uc790\ub97c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc218\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f37fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93f37fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cd22f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3cd22f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc2ed\uc655(\u5341\u738b)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442474d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"442474d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc911\uad6d \ubbfc\uac04 \uc885\uad50 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc2dc\uc655(\u5341\u6bbf\u95bb\u541b, shidian yanjun) \uccb4\uacc4\uc640 \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uccb4\uacc4\ub294 \uc0ac\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc601\ud63c\uc774 \uac70\uce58\ub294 \uc5f4 \uac1c\uc758 \uc911\uac04 \uc2ec\ud310\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc7ac\ud310\uad00\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc774 \uac01\uac01\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc790\ube44\uc640 \uad6c\uc81c\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc624\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p><p>9\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ub098\uc628 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uacbd\uc804<\/span>\uc778 &#8220;\uc2dc\uc655\uacbd(\u5341\u738b\u7d93, Shiwang jing)&#8221;\uc740 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uacf5\uc778\ub41c \uc815\uc804 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud558\ub294.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc678\uacbd<\/span>\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774 \uad6c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc11c\uc220\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud2f0\ube10 \ud0c0\uc774\uc800(Stephen Teiser)\ub294 &#8220;\uc2ed\uc655\uacbd(The Scripture of the Ten Kings)&#8221;(\ud638\ub180\ub8f0\ub8e8, 1994)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uad50, \ub3c4\uad50, \uc720\uad50\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\uc758 \uc735\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc774 \uad00\ub150 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ucd94\uc801\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5afb81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5afb81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae3159 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ae3159\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc804\ub840\uc640 \uc758\ub840<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abac0ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abac0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc885\uad50 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc608\ubc30 \uaddc\uc815\ub41c \uc21c\uc11c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc804\ub840<\/span>\ub294 \uc9c0\uc7a5 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uacbd\uc804<\/span>\uc758 \ub3c5\uc1a1\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc0ac\ub9dd \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ud589\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubd88\uad50 \uad50\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc601\ud63c\uc774 \ud658\uc0dd\ud558\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uba38\ubb34\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2ed\uce60\uc77c\uac04\uc758 \uc911\uc74c(\u4e2d\u9670, \uc911\uad6d\uc5b4 zhongyin) \uae30\uac04\uc740 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uae30\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uac00\uc871\ub4e4\uc740 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uacbd\uc804<\/span>\uc744 \ub3c5\uc1a1\ud558\uace0 \ud5a5\uc744 \uc62c\ub9ac\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uacf5\ub355(punya)\uc744 \uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud68c\ud5a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc774 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \ud55c \ud574\uc758 \uc5f4\ub450 \uae30\uc77c\uc740 \uc911\uad6d \uc74c\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc8fc\uc694 \ucd95\uc77c\uc740 \uc74c\ub825 7\uc6d4 30\uc77c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38727b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38727b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3434ad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3434ad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc885\uad50\uc0ac\uc801 \ubd84\ub958<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ca3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65ca3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Robert Buswell\uc740 \u300cThe Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea\u300d(Princeton, 1989)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc774\ub098 \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc22d\ubc30 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \ucd1d\uccb4.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc2e0\uc559<\/span>\uc774 \ubd88\uad50 \uad50\ub9ac\uc640 \uc911\uad6d \uc870\uc0c1 \uc22d\ubc30 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub9e4\uac1c \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4. \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc601\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ucc29\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \ub9dd\uc790\uc758 \ud589\ubc29\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb3c\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub2f5\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc9c0\uc7a5\uc740 \uc5c5(\u696d)\uacfc \uc724\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubd88\uad50 \uad50\uc124\uc744 \uc870\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \ucd94\ubcf5(\u8ffd\u798f)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc801 \uc694\uad6c\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub9e4\uac1c \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \ud0c1\uc6d4\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uc778\uae30\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc774\uc720 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c335c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c335c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd98313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd98313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc790\ub8cc \ubc0f \ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae558d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae558d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>1\ucc28 \uc790\ub8cc: Ksitigarbha-Bodhisattva-Purvapranidhana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span> (Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>); Dasakra-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span> (Ksitigarbha); <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc2ed\uc655\uacbd<\/span> (Shiwang jing).<\/p>\n<p>2\ucc28 \ubb38\ud5cc: Stephen Teiser, &#8220;The Scripture of the Ten Kings&#8221;, Honolulu 1994; William LaFleur, &#8220;Liquid Life.<\/p><p>Abortion and Buddhism in Japan&#8221;, Princeton 1992; Robert Buswell, &#8220;The Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea&#8221;, Princeton 1989; Hans Steininger, &#8220;Buddhistische Pilgerst\u00e4tten Chinas&#8221;, Wiesbaden 1976; Robert Buswell und Donald Lopez, &#8220;Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism&#8221;, Princeton 2014; Klaus-Josef Notz, &#8220;Buddhismus&#8221;, Stuttgart 2002.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3d36b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd3d36b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f3cf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13f3cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uad6c\ud654\uc0b0: \uc21c\ub840 \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb5fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc548\ud6c4\uc774\uc131\uc758 \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c \uc778\uc811\ud55c \uc544\ud649 \uac1c\uc758 \ubd09\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \uc5f0\uaf43\uc744 \uc5f0\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc804\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\ud604\uc7ac \uc0b0 \uc704\uc5d0\ub294 70\uc5ec \uac1c\uc758 \ud65c\uc131 \uc0ac\ucc30\uacfc <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud558\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0\uc744 \uc22d\ubc30\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc804\uac01<\/span>\uc774 \ubd84\ud3ec\ud558\uba70, \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uac83\uc740 8\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac04\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0ac\ucc30\uc778 \ud654\uc131\uc0ac(\u5316\u57ce\u5bfa)\ub294 401\ub144 \uc21c\uc218\ud55c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ub3c4(\u9053), \uc989 \uae38\uc744 \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc885\uad50\u00b7\ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5.\" tabindex=\"0\">\ub3c4\uad50<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc758 \uc22d\ubc30\uc5d0 \ud5cc\uc815\ub41c \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc7a5\uc18c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc131\uc9c0<\/span>\ub85c \ucc3d\uac74\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uac00 781\ub144\uacbd \ubd88\uad50 \uc0ac\ucc30\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc5f0\uac04 \uc21c\ub840 \uc2dc\uc98c\uc740 \uc74c\ub825 7\uc6d4(\uadc0\uc2e0 \ucd95\uc81c\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9)\uc5d0 \uc808\uc815\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uba70, \uc774 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 100\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ub118\ub294 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc885\uad50\uc801 \ub3d9\uae30\ub85c \uc131\uc9c0\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uc5ec\ud589\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc21c\ub840\uc790<\/span>\uac00 \uc0b0\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4. \ud2b9\uae30\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc804\ud574 \ub0b4\ub824\uc624\ub294 \ud589\uc704.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uad00\uc2b5<\/span>\uc740 \ub4f1\uc0b0\ub85c \uacf3\uacf3\uc758 \uc0ac\ucc30\uc5d0\uc11c \uac01\uae30 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub9dd\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ud5a5\uc744 \uacf5\uc591\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc21c\ub840 \ub178\uc815\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd80\ubaa8, \uc870\ubd80\ubaa8, \uae30\ud0c0 \uce5c\uc871, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac00\uc871\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uc544\ubb34\ub3c4 \uc81c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub0b4\uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 &#8216;\uc544\uadc0(\u98e2\u9b3c)&#8217;\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uae30\ub3c4 \uc7a5\uc18c\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3b676 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de3b676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b530d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85b530d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ubbf8\ub77c\ud654\ub41c \uc2e0\uccb4: \uc0ac\ub9ac\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc721\uc2e0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8258b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8258b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uad6c\ud654\uc0b0 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc9c4 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 \uace0\uc2b9\uc758 \ubbf8\ub77c\ud654\ub41c \uc721\uc2e0, \uc989 &#8216;\uc721\uc2e0\ubcf4\uc0b4(\u8089\u8eab\u83e9\u85a9, rou shen pusa)&#8217;\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70 \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \uc720\ud574\uc774\ub2e4. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc8fc\ub85c \uc131\uc778\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uad50\ud654\uc801 \uc774\uc57c\uae30.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc804\uc124<\/span>\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc774 \uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\ud65c\ud588\ub358 \ud55c\uad6d \uc655\uc790 \uae40\uad50\uac01\uc758 \uc721\uc2e0\uc774 \uadf8 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc0ac\ub9ac \uc720\uccb4\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p><p>20\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc2ed \uad6c\uc758 \ubbf8\ub77c\ud654\ub41c \uace0\uc2b9 \uc720\uccb4\uac00 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ub2f9(\u5510)\ub098\ub77c \uc2dc\ub300, \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uba85(\u660e)\u00b7\uccad(\u6df8) \uc2dc\ub300, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\uc5d0\uc11c 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\uc758 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774 \uad00\uc2b5\uc740 \uc885\uad50\ubbfc\uc871\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub840\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc724\ud68c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uacfc \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \uad50\ub9ac.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc2e0\ud559<\/span>\uacfc \ubd88\uc0ac(\u4e0d\u6b7b)\uc758 \uc721\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc911\uad6d\uc801 \uad00\ub150, \uc989 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ub3c4(\u9053), \uc989 \uae38\uc744 \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc885\uad50\u00b7\ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5.\" tabindex=\"0\">\ub3c4\uad50<\/span>\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c\ub2e4. Bernard Faure\ub294 \uc911\uad6d \ubd88\uad50\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uad00\uc2b5\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \ud63c\ud569\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \uace0\ucc30\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bf0c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22bf0c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-436cae8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"436cae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ud604\ub300 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc870 \uc2e0\uc559<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b3aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc870\ub294 \uc77c\uc0c1 \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud788 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub0b4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae38\uac00, \ubb18\uc9c0, \uc0ac\ucc30 \uacbd\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uc791\uc740 \uc11d\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc815\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd89\uc740 \ud131\ubc1b\uc774, \ubaa8\uc790, \uc7a5\ub09c\uac10\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uc7a5\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc7a5\uc2dd\uc740 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \uc9c0\uc870\ub97c \ub3cc\ubcf8\ub2e4\ub294 \ud45c\uc2dc\uc774\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uc2dc \ub3c4\ucfc4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc218\ubc31 \uac1c\uc758 \ubbf8\uc988\ucf54 \uc9c0\uc870 \uc11d\uc0c1\uc774 \uc548\uce58\ub41c \uc0ac\ucc30 \uacbd\ub0b4\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774 \uc11d\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc740 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uac70\ub098 \uc77c\ucc0d \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub09c \uc544\uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc2ac\ud514\uc5d0 \uc7a0\uae34 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\ub79c \uc138\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ub3cc\ubcf8\ub2e4. William LaFleur\uc640 Helen Hardacre\ub294 \uac01\uac01 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \uad00\uc2b5\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uce21\uba74\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\ub450 \ud559\uc790\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc560\ub3c4 \uc791\uc5c5\uc778 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud558\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0\uc744 \uc22d\ubc30\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc0ac\ucc30<\/span>\uc774 \uc11d\uc0c1 \ud310\ub9e4\uc640 \uc5f0\ub840 \ucd94\ubaa8 \uc758\ub840\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc775\uc744 \uc62c\ub9ac\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c1\uc5c5\ud654\ub41c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud558\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0\uc744 \uc22d\ubc30\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc0ac\ucc30<\/span> \uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe866f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fe866f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3356a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3356a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uacfc \uadc0\uc2e0 \ucd95\uc81c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b7018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90b7018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uadc0\uc2e0 \ucd95\uc81c\ub294 \uc74c\ub825 7\uc6d4 15\uc77c(\ub300\ub9cc\uacfc \uc911\uad6d \ubcf8\ud1a0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 8\uc6d4)\uc5d0 \uc5f4\ub9ac\uba70, \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc911\uad6d \uba85\uc808 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uc9c0\uc7a5<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc774\ub098 \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc22d\ubc30 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \ucd1d\uccb4.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc2e0\uc559<\/span>\uacfc \uae4a\uc740 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc74c\ub825 7\uc6d4 \ud55c \ub2ec \ub0b4\ub0b4 \uc138\uacc4\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\uba70, \ub9dd\uc790\uc640 \uad76\uc8fc\ub9b0 \uadc0\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0b0 \uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc62c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uac01 \uac00\uc815\uc740 \uc870\uc0c1\uacfc \ub5a0\ub3c4\ub294 \uadc0\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc74c\uc2dd, \ud5a5, \uc885\uc774\ub3c8\uc744 \ucc28\ub9b0 \uc81c\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud55c\ub2e4. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud558\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0\uc744 \uc22d\ubc30\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc0ac\uc6d0<\/span>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\uc7a5<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uacbd<\/span>\uc744 \ub3c5\uc1a1\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c0\uc625\uc758 \uc911\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ud574\ud0c8\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud2b9\ubcc4 \uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \uac70\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uadc0\uc2e0 \ucd95\uc81c\uc640 \uc9c0\uc7a5<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc774\ub098 \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc22d\ubc30 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \ucd1d\uccb4.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc2e0\uc559<\/span>\uc758 \uc5f0\uad00\uc131\uc740 \ub2f9\ub098\ub77c \uc2dc\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc5d0 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc758\uc2dd\uc758 \uc815\uc810\uc740 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc885\uad50 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc608\ubc30\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\ub41c \uc21c\uc11c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc758\ub840<\/span> &#8220;\uc6b0\ub780\ubd84\ud68c(\u76c2\u862d\u76c6\u6703)&#8221;(\uc6b8\ub78c\ubc14\ub098 \uc9d1\ud68c)\ub85c, \uadf8 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc801 \ud1a0\ub300\ub294 \uc6b8\ub78c\ubc14\ub098<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uacbd<\/span>\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f51568 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f51568\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7325a99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7325a99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ub300\uc2b9\ub300\uc9d1\uc9c0\uc7a5\uc2ed\ub95c\uacbd(\u5927\u4e58\u5927\u96c6\u5730\u85cf\u5341\u8f2a\u7d93)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b77a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2b77a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ubcf4\uc0b4 \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc758 \ubcf8\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ub9ac \ubb38\ud5cc\uc774\ub2e4.\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>(\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\ubcf8\uc6d0\uacbd, Dizang pusa benyuan jing)\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4, \u300c\ub300\uc2b9\ub300\uc9d1\uc9c0\uc7a5\uc2ed\ub95c\uacbd\u300d(<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ub9ac \ubb38\ud5cc\uc774\ub2e4.\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>, Dasheng Daji Dizang Shilun jing, \ub300\uc815\uc7a5 411)\uc740 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uad50\uc758\uc801 \uc800\uc791\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc804\uc740 \ubcf4\uc0b4 \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc758 \ubcf8\ub798 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \uc5c4\uc219\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc57d\uc18d\uc774\ub2e4.\">\uc11c\uc6d0<\/span>\uc744 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774 \uacbd\uc804\uc740 651\ub144\uc5d0 \ud604\uc7a5(\u7384\u5958)\uc774 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\uc2b9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud55c \uc885\uad50\ub098 \ubb38\ud654\uc758 \uc2e0\ub4e4 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.\">\ud310\ud14c\uc628<\/span> \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub2f4\uaca8 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \u300c\uc5f4 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc815\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc790\u300d\ub85c \uac15\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc988\ub8e8 \uc751(Zhiru Ng)\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c(\u300e\uad6c\uc6d0\uc790 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \ud615\uc131\u300f, \ud638\ub180\ub8f0\ub8e8, 2007)\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc774 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ub9ac \ubb38\ud5cc\uc774\ub2e4.\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>\uc740 \uc9c0\uc7a5 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uacfc \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \uad50\ub9ac\uc774\ub2e4.\">\uc2e0\ud559<\/span>\uc758 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc778\ub3c4\uc801 \uce35\uc704\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud558\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, \ubcf8\uc6d0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ub9ac \ubb38\ud5cc\uc774\ub2e4.\">\uc218\ud2b8\ub77c<\/span>\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc218(\u968b)\ub098\ub77c \ub610\ub294 \ucd08\uae30 \ub2f9(\u5510)\ub098\ub77c \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ud3b8\ucc2c\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc73c\uba70 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc18c\uae09\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2531f9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2531f9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a4e916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a4e916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc721\ub3c4(\u516d\u9053)\uc640 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \ucc45\uc784<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7355a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7355a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ub3d9\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc11d\uac00\ubaa8\ub2c8 \ubd80\ucc98\uc640 \ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \ucd9c\ud604\ud560 \ubbf8\ub975 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc5ec\uc12f \uac00\uc9c0 \uc724\ud68c\uc758 \uae38(\ucc9c\uc0c1, \uc544\uc218\ub77c, \uc778\uac04, \ucd95\uc0dd, \uc544\uadc0, \uc9c0\uc625 \uc911\uc0dd) \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ub9e1\uc740 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc45\uc784\uc740 \ubcf8\uc6d0\uacbd(\u672c\u9858\u7d93) \ubc14\ub9ac\uc640\ub974\ud0c0 \uc7a5\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11d\uac00\ubaa8\ub2c8 \ubd80\ucc98\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd80\uc5ec\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc804\ub840\uc801 \uadc0\uacb0\ub85c, \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac \uc601\uc5ed\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc911\uc7ac\uc790\ub85c\uc11c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub098 \uc8fc\ubb38\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uad00\uc2b5.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uae30\ub3c4<\/span>\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc804\uac01\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud754\ud788 &#8220;\uc2dc\uc655(\u5341\u738b)&#8221;\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ubc30\uce58\ub41c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \ub3c4\uc0c1 \ubc30\uc5f4\uc740 9\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud615\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacfc \ud55c\uad6d\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \uc7a5\ub840 \uad00\ud589\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db7b191 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db7b191\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ead0df8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ead0df8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uc721\uc9c0\uc870(\u516d\u5730\u8535) \uc11d\uc0c1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4247ee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4247ee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \ubb18\uc9c0\uc640 \uad50\ucc28\ub85c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\uc12f \uac1c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc870 \uc11d\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc721\uc9c0\uc870(\u516d\u5730\u8535, Roku-Jizo) \uad70\uc0c1\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uac01\uac01\uc758 \uc0c1\uc740 \uc721\ub3c4(\u516d\u9053) \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \ubc30\uc18d\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad00\uc2b5\uc740 \ud5e4\uc774\uc548 \uc2dc\ub300(9~12\uc138\uae30)\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub418\uc5b4 \ucc9c\ud0dc\uc885(\u5929\u53f0\u5b97)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ubcf4\uae09\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p>Hank Glassman\uc740 \u300cThe Face of Jizo\u300d(Honolulu, 2012)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc721\uc9c0\uc870 \uc11d\uc0c1\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc885\uad50\uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ucc30\ud558\uace0, \uc678\uacac\uc0c1 \uade0\uc77c\ud574 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc774 \uad00\uc2b5\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801 \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\uc784\uc744 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc11d\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c0\ubb3c(\u6301\u7269)\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc\ub2e4. \uce74\ucfe0\uce74\ub77c \uc9c0\ud321\uc774(\uc9c0\uc625 \uc911\uc0dd\uc744 \uae68\uc6b0\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560), \uc5ec\uc758\uc8fc(Cintamani), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\uacb0\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub41c \uad50\ud6c8\uc801 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uacbd\uc804<\/span> \ub450\ub8e8\ub9c8\ub9ac, \uc5f0\uaf43 \ubd09\uc624\ub9ac\uac00 \uadf8\uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uad50\ud1a0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2dc \uc678\uacfd\uc758 \uc721\uc9c0\uc870 \uae30\ub3c4 \uc7a5\uc18c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc5f0\ub840 \ud589\uc0ac &#8216;\uc721\uc9c0\uc870 \uc21c\ub840(\u516d\u5730\u8535\u5de1\u308a)&#8217;\uc758 \uc21c\ub840 \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb8a91 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fb8a91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb04ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb04ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ubbf8\uc988\ucf54 \uacf5\uc591(\u6c34\u5b50\u4f9b\u990a)\uacfc \ucd94\ubaa8 \uc758\ub840 \uc0b0\uc5c5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0a53cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0a53cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ubbf8\uc988\ucf54 \uacf5\uc591(\u6c34\u5b50\u4f9b\u990a), \uc989 \uc77c\ucc0d \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub09c \ud0dc\uc544\uc640 \uc601\uc544\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ucd94\ubaa8 \uc758\ub840\ub294 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\ud788 1948\ub144 \ub099\ud0dc \ud569\ubc95\ud654 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc0ac\ucc30 \uc804\ub840\uc758 \ud655\uace0\ud55c \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uc558\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc870\ub294 \ud574\ud0c8\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ub9dd\uc790, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uce74\ub974\ub9c8\uc801 \uc131\uc219\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\ud638 \ubcf4\uc0b4\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p><p>William LaFleur\ub294 \u300cLiquid Life\u300d(Princeton, 1992)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uc988\ucf54 \uacf5\uc591\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uc885\uad50\uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \ub17c\uc758\ub97c \ud604\ub300 \uc77c\ubcf8 \uc885\uad50 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc774 \uc0dd\uba85\uc724\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub85c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801 \uce21\uba74\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4. \uac00\ub9c8\ucfe0\ub77c\uc758 \ud558\uc138\ub370\ub77c(\u9577\u8c37\u5bfa)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud558\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0\uc744 \uc22d\ubc30\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc0ac\ucc30<\/span>\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd09\ub0a9\ud55c \uc218\ucc9c \uac1c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc870 \uc11d\uc0c1\uc774 \uc548\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uc5c5\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc740 \ubd88\uad50 \ub2e8\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uadf8\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc774 \uad00\uc2b5\uc774 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b92766 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b92766\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2068be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2068be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uae08\uac15\uc2b9(\u91d1\u525b\u4e58)\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ac0c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8ac0c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ud2f0\ubca0\ud2b8 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4(Sai Nyingpo)\uc740 \ub3d9\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc\ud07c \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc9c0\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud314\ub300\ubcf4\uc0b4(\u516b\u5927\u83e9\u85a9, rgyal sras chen po brgyad)\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc218\ud589 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \ub4dc\ubb3c\ub2e4. \ud2f0\ubca0\ud2b8 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0\ub294 \ud0c0\ub77c(Tara)\uc5d0 \ube44\uacac\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc7a5 \uc2e0\uc559\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uac00\ub974\ubc14\ub2e4\ud22c(\u80ce\u85cf\u754c) \ubc0f \ubc14\uc988\ub77c\ub2e4\ud22c(\u91d1\u525b\u754c) <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\ud615 \ub3c4\uc0c1.\" tabindex=\"0\">\ub9cc\ub2e4\ub77c<\/span>\uc640 \uac19\uc740 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\ud615 \ub3c4\uc0c1.\" tabindex=\"0\">\ub9cc\ub2e4\ub77c<\/span> \ubc30\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc11c\ucabd \uad6c\ud68d\uc5d0 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc810\ud55c\ub2e4. Yael Bentor\uc740 \u300cConsecration of Images and Stupas in Indo-Tibetan Tantric Buddhism\u300d(Leiden, 1996)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6c4\uae30 \ud2f0\ubca0\ud2b8 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc885\uad50 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc608\ubc30 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uccb4\uacc4.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc804\ub840<\/span>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc640 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\ud615 \ub3c4\uc0c1.\" tabindex=\"0\">\ub9cc\ub2e4\ub77c<\/span> \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96aa37a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96aa37a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254f540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"254f540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uad6c\ud654(\u4e5d\u83ef) \ud559\ud30c\uc640 \uadf8 \uc804\ub840 \uc804\ud1b5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d99b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d99b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\uc548\ud6c4\uc774\uc131\uc758 \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uc740 \ub2f9(\u5510)\ub098\ub77c \ub9d0\uae30 \uc774\ub798 \uc9c0\uc7a5 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc911\uad6d \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc804\ub840 \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \ubd88\uad50 \ucc2c\ud0c4(\u8b9a\u6b4e)\uacfc \uc9c0\uc5ed \ubbfc\uac04 \uc120\uc728\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c &#8216;\uad6c\ud654 \uc74c\uc545(\u4e5d\u83ef\u97f3\u6a02, Jiuhua-Yinyue)&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uc545 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54\ub294 2008\ub144 \uc774 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc911\uad6d \ubb34\ud615\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7ac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\uc0b0 \uc704\uc758 \uc0ac\ucc30\ub4e4\uc740 1980\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub41c \uc804\ub840 \ub179\uc74c \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ucc30 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac 80\uac1c \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\ud558\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0\uc744 \uc22d\ubc30\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc804\uac01<\/span>\uacfc \uc554\uc790\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc21c\ub840 \uae30\uac04\uc740 \uc74c\ub825 7\uc6d4 30\uc77c\uc778 \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4 \ud0c4\uc2e0\uc77c\ub85c, \uc774\ub54c \uc548\ud6c4\uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc740 \uc218\uc2ed\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc885\uad50\uc801 \ub3d9\uae30\ub85c \uc131\uc9c0\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uc5ec\ud589\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc21c\ub840\uc790<\/span>\ub97c \ub9de\uc774\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f161d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f161d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f87a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f87a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\uc790\uc8fc \ubb3b\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba2ceb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba2ceb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uad00\uc138\uc74c\ubcf4\uc0b4\uacfc \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub2e4\ub978\uac00?<\/strong> \ub450 \ubcf4\uc0b4 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc790\ube44\uc758 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc911\uc810\uc774 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \uad00\uc138\uc74c\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc774 \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc911\uc0dd\uc744 \ub3d5\uace0, \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc9c0\uc625\uacfc \uc544\uadc0 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc911\uc0dd\uc744 \ub3d5\ub294\ub2e4. \uad00\uc138\uc74c\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc655\uc871\uc758 \uc7a5\uc2e0\uad6c\ub97c \ucc29\uc6a9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c, \uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc740 \uc0ad\ubc1c\ud55c \uc2b9\ub824\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc774 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/strong> \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc8fd\uc740 \ud0dc\uc544(\ubbf8\uc988\ucf54)\uc640\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc740 12\uc138\uae30\ubd80\ud130 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uba70 20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \ud655\ub300\ub41c \uc77c\ubcf8\uc801 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ucd08\uae30 \uacbd\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc804\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uac16\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ubd88\uad50\uc801 \uc218\ud638 \uae30\ub2a5\uc758 \ubb38\ud654 \ud2b9\uc218\uc801 \ubc1c\ud604\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uc9c0\uc7a5\ubcf4\uc0b4\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\uc2e0\uc758 \uc22d\ubc30\uc5d0 \ud5cc\uc815\ub41c \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc7a5\uc18c.\" tabindex=\"0\">\uc131\uc9c0<\/span>\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uc778\uac00?<\/strong> \uc911\uad6d \uc548\ud6c4\uc774\uc131\uc758 \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uc774 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc131\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4. \uad6c\ud654\uc0b0\uc740 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