{"id":169256,"date":"2026-09-05T14:06:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:06:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169256"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:36:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:36:17","slug":"bjollur-og-skellur-havaer-vorn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/bjollur-og-skellur-havaer-vorn\/","title":{"rendered":"Bj\u00f6llur og skellur sem h\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Bj\u00f6llur og skellur: H\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn gegn ska\u00f0legum \u00f6ndum<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bj\u00f6llur og skellur eru me\u00f0al algengustu h\u00e1va\u00f0akenndu verndargripanna. Grunnhugmyndin er hlj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e6n v\u00f6rn gegn ska\u00f0legum \u00f6ndum: h\u00e1v\u00e6r, sk\u00e6r e\u00f0a vi\u00f0varandi hlj\u00f3mur \u00e1tti a\u00f0 hrekja burt ska\u00f0leg \u00e1hrif. \u00deessi grein setur h\u00e1va\u00f0av\u00f6rnina \u00ed tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt samhengi og rekur spor hennar fr\u00e1 forn\u00f6ld<\/span> til n\u00fat\u00edmalegrar t\u00falkunar. \u00dear er ger\u00f0ur greinarmunur \u00e1 s\u00f6gulega skjalfestum si\u00f0um<\/span> og n\u00fat\u00edmat\u00falkun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Verndart\u00e1kn<\/span>Menningarlega \u00fatbreidd<\/a>Verndarath\u00f6fn<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Greining: Bj\u00f6llur og skellur sem h\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Bj\u00f6llur og skellur eru hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri sem \u00ed m\u00f6rgum menningarheimum er eignu\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrekjandi merking. Bjallan gefur fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r fyllri, langt heyranlegan t\u00f3n, en minni skellan sk\u00e6rari, oft endurtekinn hlj\u00f3m.<\/p>

Grunnhugmyndin er hlj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e6n v\u00f6rn. \u00cd m\u00f6rgum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tr\u00faarkerfum var tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 ska\u00f0leg \u00e1hrif m\u00e6tti hrekja burt me\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mi. H\u00e1v\u00e6r e\u00f0a sk\u00e6r hlj\u00f3mur \u00e1tti a\u00f0 halda \u00feeim \u00ed fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 e\u00f0a hrekja \u00feau \u00e1 brott.<\/p>

Bj\u00f6llur og skellur eru \u00fear a\u00f0eins \u00feekktustu d\u00e6min. Skr\u00f6ltur, trommur, flautur og h\u00e1v\u00e6r k\u00f6ll f\u00f3lks tilheyra einnig h\u00e1va\u00f0av\u00f6rninni og fylgja s\u00f6mu meginreglu.<\/p>

Notkunin n\u00e6r fr\u00e1 litlu skellunni sem fest er \u00e1 kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0 e\u00f0a d\u00fdr til st\u00f3rrar bj\u00f6llu sem komi\u00f0 er fyrir \u00e1 byggingu. B\u00e1\u00f0ar bera s\u00f6mu grunnhugmyndina \u00ed mismunandi st\u00e6r\u00f0.<\/p>

Innan verndart\u00e1knanna<\/a> tilheyra bj\u00f6llur og skellur h\u00f3pi hlj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e6nna verndargripa. \u00de\u00e6r virka ekki me\u00f0 mynd e\u00f0a efni, heldur me\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mi.<\/p>

H\u00e1va\u00f0av\u00f6rnin er \u00feannig s\u00ed\u00f0ur hlutur en ath\u00f6fn. \u00dea\u00f0 er hringingin e\u00f0a hristingin sem gerir bj\u00f6lluna e\u00f0a skelluna a\u00f0 verndargrip \u00ed eiginlegum skilningi.<\/p>

Bj\u00f6llur og skellur eru \u00f3l\u00edkar ekki a\u00f0eins \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0 heldur einnig \u00ed notkun. St\u00f3ra bjallan er bundin \u00e1kve\u00f0num sta\u00f0 og er hringt v\u00edsvitandi, en litla skellan fylgir bera s\u00ednum og hlj\u00f3mar vi\u00f0 s\u00e9rhverja hreyfingu. B\u00e1\u00f0ar myndir bera s\u00f6mu grunnhugmyndina um hlj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e6na v\u00f6rn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Uppruni og s\u00f6guleg d\u00fdpt h\u00e1va\u00f0avarnarins<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri eru me\u00f0al elstu gripa mannsins. Skr\u00f6ltur og einf\u00f6ld bj\u00f6llur eru \u00feekkt \u00far mj\u00f6g fornum samhengjum, oft \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 helgisi\u00f0i<\/span> og r\u00edt\u00faal<\/span>.<\/p>

Bjallan \u00ed full\u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ri mynd er skjalfest fr\u00e1 forn\u00f6ld<\/span>. Fr\u00e1 K\u00edna, Austurl\u00f6ndum n\u00e6r og Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafssv\u00e6\u00f0inu hafa var\u00f0veist m\u00e1lmbj\u00f6llur og skellur sem a\u00f0 hluta voru nota\u00f0ar \u00ed helgisi\u00f0um.<\/p>

\u00cd K\u00edna \u00e1 bjallan s\u00e9rstaklega dj\u00fapar r\u00e6tur. \u00deegar \u00e1 brons\u00f6ld<\/span> voru ger\u00f0ar listilega sm\u00ed\u00f0a\u00f0ar bj\u00f6llur sem gegndu mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki \u00ed t\u00f3nlist og r\u00edt\u00faali<\/span>.<\/p>

\u00c1 fornu Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafssv\u00e6\u00f0inu voru skellur og litlar bj\u00f6llur \u00feekktar b\u00e6\u00f0i sem hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri og verndargripir. \u00de\u00e6r koma fyrir \u00e1 kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0i, \u00e1 d\u00fdrum og \u00e1 svi\u00f0i helgisi\u00f0a.<\/p>

\u00c1 mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu var\u00f0 kirkjuklukkan a\u00f0 mi\u00f0l\u00e6gu hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri. Vi\u00f0 hana tengdust tr\u00faarlegar og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar hugmyndir, sumar me\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrekjandi merkingu.<\/p>

\u00cd heild sinni s\u00e9st a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mi var \u00ed m\u00f6rgum menningarheimum eignu\u00f0 merking sem n\u00e1\u00f0i \u00fat fyrir hi\u00f0 heyranlega. H\u00e1va\u00f0av\u00f6rnin n\u00e6r yfir langan t\u00edma og marga menningarheima.<\/p>

Me\u00f0 kristnit\u00f6ku Evr\u00f3pu var\u00f0 klukkan fastur \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed kirkjul\u00edfinu. Klukkur voru helga\u00f0ar<\/span> og gefin n\u00f6fn, og hringing \u00feeirra skipti deginum og \u00e1rinu ni\u00f0ur. Vi\u00f0 \u00feessa kirkjulegu notkun tengdust fj\u00f6lmargar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar hugmyndir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Grunnhugmyndin um fr\u00e1hrekjandi hlj\u00f3m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Algeng hugmynd er s\u00fa a\u00f0 ska\u00f0leg v\u00e6ttir hr\u00e6\u00f0ist h\u00e1va\u00f0a. H\u00e1v\u00e6r og skyndileg hlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3ttu vera eitthva\u00f0 sem rekur sl\u00edkar v\u00e6ttir \u00e1 fl\u00f3tta e\u00f0a hrekur \u00fe\u00e6r burt.<\/p>

\u00d6nnur hugmynd snertir hreinleika og birtu hlj\u00f3msins. Bjartur t\u00f3nn bj\u00f6llu var skilinn sem t\u00e6r og hreinn. \u00deessi t\u00e6rleiki \u00fe\u00f3tti vera andst\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess sem tali\u00f0 var \u00f3hreint \u00e1hrifavald.<\/p>

\u00dear vi\u00f0 b\u00e6tist dr\u00e6gni hlj\u00f3msins. Bjalla heyrist v\u00ed\u00f0a. T\u00f3nn hennar fyllir heilt sv\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a heilt h\u00e9ra\u00f0. \u00deessi dr\u00e6gni var t\u00falku\u00f0 sem mynd af v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kri vernd.<\/p>

Vi\u00f0 endurtekinn hlj\u00f3m skellu skiptir samfellan m\u00e1li. Litil bjalla fest vi\u00f0 d\u00fdr e\u00f0a kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0 hringir vi\u00f0 hverja hreyfingu. H\u00fan fylgir \u00feeim sem ber hana og hlj\u00f3mur hennar varir \u00e1fram.<\/p>

Enn \u00f6nnur hugmynd er bo\u00f0andi virkni. Hlj\u00f3mur bj\u00f6llu gefur til kynna hreyfingu e\u00f0a atbur\u00f0. \u00cd sumum s\u00f6gnum \u00e1tti hann einnig a\u00f0 rj\u00fafa n\u00e1l\u00e6g\u00f0 ska\u00f0legs \u00e1hrifavalds.<\/p>

\u00de\u00e6r hugmyndir sem h\u00e9r er l\u00fdst eru menningars\u00f6gulegar sk\u00fdringar. \u00de\u00e6r l\u00fdsa \u00fev\u00ed hvers vegna hlj\u00f3mi var eignu\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrekjandi merking, og skjalfesta tr\u00fa. \u00de\u00e6r eru engin s\u00f6nnun fyrir virkni. Ranns\u00f3knir l\u00fdsa hugmyndinni \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa hana.<\/p>

\u00dear vi\u00f0 b\u00e6tist hugmyndin um bj\u00f6llu sem r\u00f6dd. Bjalla sem hringt var \u00ed var \u00ed m\u00f6rgum s\u00f6gnum skilin sem kallandi r\u00f6dd sem fyllti sv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00deessi t\u00falkun tengdi hlj\u00f3minn vi\u00f0 hugmyndina um \u00e1kall<\/span>, sem \u00e1tti a\u00f0 reka ska\u00f0leg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 fl\u00f3tta.<\/p>

\u00dear vi\u00f0 b\u00e6tist hugmyndin um skyndilega rof. Bjartur, \u00f3v\u00e6ntur hlj\u00f3mur var skilinn sem eitthva\u00f0 sem r\u00fdfur og breytir \u00e1standi. \u00cd sumum s\u00f6gnum \u00e1tti \u00feetta skyndilega hlj\u00f3mandi hlj\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega a\u00f0 trufla verkan ska\u00f0legs \u00e1hrifavalds.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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D\u00e6mi fr\u00e1 forn\u00f6ld og Austurl\u00f6ndum n\u00e6r<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Fr\u00e1 hinu forna Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafssv\u00e6\u00f0i hafa margar litlar bronsbj\u00f6llur og skellur var\u00f0veist. \u00de\u00e6r voru festar \u00e1 kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0, dyr og d\u00fdr, og var \u00feeim a\u00f0 hluta eignu\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrekjandi merking.<\/p>

\u00cd gr\u00edskum og r\u00f3mverskum heimi koma skellur fram \u00e1 verndargripum og barnaskarti. Hlj\u00f3murinn \u00e1tti a\u00f0 fylgja \u00feeim sem bar gripinn og halda ska\u00f0legum \u00e1hrifum \u00ed fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0.<\/p>

\u00cd hinum forna Austurl\u00f6ndum n\u00e6r eru bj\u00f6llur \u00e1 h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar- og tr\u00faarlegum kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0i kunnar \u00far heimildum. \u00dar tr\u00faartextum er vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 bj\u00f6llur \u00e1 kl\u00e6\u00f0um presta gegndu hlutverki.<\/p>

\u00cd Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edu og n\u00e1l\u00e6gum menningarsv\u00e6\u00f0um voru hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri notu\u00f0 \u00ed tr\u00faarlegu samhengi. Trommur og hringlur voru hluti af ath\u00f6fnum sem me\u00f0al annars \u00e1tti a\u00f0 nota til varnar.<\/p>

Einnig er kunnugt \u00far fornum heimildum a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk kalla\u00f0i h\u00e1tt og bj\u00f3 til h\u00e1va\u00f0a. Vi\u00f0 tiltekin tilefni \u00e1tti sameiginlegur h\u00e1va\u00f0i a\u00f0 reka ska\u00f0leg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 fl\u00f3tta.<\/p>

\u00deessi d\u00e6mi s\u00fdna a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mur \u00e1 hinu forna Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafssv\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00ed Austurl\u00f6ndum n\u00e6r \u00fej\u00f3na\u00f0i ekki a\u00f0eins t\u00f3nlist. Hann var hluti af neti hugmynda sem fr\u00e1hrekjandi t\u00falkunin tengdist.<\/p>

Einnig fr\u00e1 Egyptalandi til forna hafa var\u00f0veist litlar m\u00e1lmbj\u00f6llur sem festar voru \u00e1 skart og kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0. Hlj\u00f3mur \u00feeirra \u00e1tti a\u00f0 fylgja \u00feeim sem bar \u00fe\u00e6r og \u00fe\u00f3tti hafa merkingu. \u00de\u00e6r falla undir hi\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6ka merkingarsvi\u00f0 \u00fear sem hlj\u00f3mur v\u00edsar til meira en \u00feess sem heyrist berum or\u00f0um.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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D\u00e6mi \u00far evr\u00f3pskri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tr\u00faargaldri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\u00cd evr\u00f3pskum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tr\u00faarsei\u00f0 gegnir h\u00e1va\u00f0abundin v\u00f6rn \u00e1berandi hlutverki. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00e1ttafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar heimildir greina fr\u00e1 h\u00e1va\u00f0asi\u00f0um sem \u00e1 tilteknum t\u00edmum \u00e1rs \u00e1tti a\u00f0 nota til a\u00f0 reka burt ska\u00f0leg \u00e1hrif.<\/p>

S\u00e9rlega kunnar eru h\u00e1va\u00f0ag\u00f6ngur \u00e1 dimmasta \u00e1rst\u00edma. Me\u00f0 bj\u00f6llum, skellum, keyrum og h\u00e1um k\u00f6llum gengu h\u00f3par um \u00feorp. Sl\u00edkir si\u00f0ir eru var\u00f0veittir \u00ed m\u00f6rgum h\u00e9ru\u00f0um Alpasv\u00e6\u00f0isins.<\/p>

Skellur voru festar \u00e1 d\u00fdr, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 b\u00faf\u00e9na\u00f0 \u00e1 beit. Skellan var notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 finna d\u00fdri\u00f0 og var samt\u00edmis eignu\u00f0 verndandi merking.<\/p>

Kirkjubj\u00f6llunni var \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tr\u00faarsei\u00f0, umfram tr\u00faarlegt hlutverk hennar, eignu\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrekjandi merking. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00e1ttafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar heimildir greina fr\u00e1 klukknahringingum \u00ed \u00f3ve\u00f0rum og \u00f6\u00f0rum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um sem taldar voru \u00f3gnandi.<\/p>

Fr\u00e1sagnir af sl\u00edkum h\u00e1va\u00f0asi\u00f0um skjalfesta v\u00e6ntingar \u00feeirra sem notu\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e1, ekki sta\u00f0festa virkni. \u00de\u00e6r s\u00fdna a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mur var skilinn sem t\u00e6ki til a\u00f0 hrekja burt.<\/p>

Nokkrir \u00feessara si\u00f0a, svo sem h\u00e1va\u00f0ag\u00f6ngurnar \u00e1 vetrum, hafa var\u00f0veist til okkar daga sem si\u00f0venja<\/span>. Upprunalega fr\u00e1hrekjandi t\u00falkun \u00feeirra hefur oft horfi\u00f0 \u00ed bakgrunninn.<\/p>

\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00e1ttafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar heimildir greina einnig fr\u00e1 skellum \u00e1 hestaseli og sle\u00f0um. Skellurnar g\u00e1fu til kynna n\u00e1lgandi \u00f6kut\u00e6ki og voru samt\u00edmis eigna\u00f0ar fr\u00e1hrekjandi merking. Handw\u00f6rterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens tengir \u00feennan si\u00f0<\/span> vi\u00f0 hugmyndina um fylgjandi hlj\u00f3m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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D\u00e6mi fr\u00e1 As\u00edu og \u00f6\u00f0rum menningarheimum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\u00cd Austur-As\u00edu gegna bj\u00f6llur mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki \u00ed tr\u00faarlegu samhengi. \u00cd hofum eru bj\u00f6llur hringdar og hlj\u00f3mi \u00feeirra er eignu\u00f0 hreinsandi og skipandi merking.<\/p>

\u00cd b\u00fadd\u00edskri hef\u00f0 eru bj\u00f6llur og skellur hluti af helgigripum. Hlj\u00f3mur \u00feeirra skiptir ath\u00f6fnum ni\u00f0ur og er tengdur hugmyndum um hreinleika og athygli.<\/p>

\u00c1 austur-as\u00edskum byggingum eru vindbj\u00f6llur \u00fatbreiddar sem hlj\u00f3ma vi\u00f0 hverja golu. Hlj\u00f3mi \u00feeirra er eignu\u00f0 \u00fdmist verndandi e\u00f0a heillav\u00e6nleg merking.<\/p>

\u00cd Su\u00f0ur-As\u00edu eru bj\u00f6llur nota\u00f0ar \u00ed hofum og vi\u00f0 h\u00fasb\u00e6nir. Hlj\u00f3murinn fylgir helgiath\u00f6fnum og markar upphaf \u00feeirra.<\/p>

\u00devert \u00e1 \u00feessi sv\u00e6\u00f0i kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mi bj\u00f6llna og skellna hefur \u00ed m\u00f6rgum menningarheimum veri\u00f0 gefin merking sem n\u00e6r \u00fat fyrir t\u00f3nlistina. H\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn er ekki stef<\/span> einnar tiltekinnar hef\u00f0ar.<\/p>

Fj\u00f6lbreytni d\u00e6manna s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 h\u00e1v\u00e6ra v\u00f6rnin er best skilin sem meginregla. H\u00fan kemur fram alls sta\u00f0ar \u00fear sem hlj\u00f3mi er gefin fr\u00e1hrindandi e\u00f0a hreinsandi merking.<\/p>

\u00cd hlutum Afr\u00edku eru bj\u00f6llur og hringlur hluti af helgigripum og fylgja dansi og \u00e1kalli<\/span>. Hlj\u00f3mur \u00feeirra skiptir ath\u00f6fninni ni\u00f0ur og er tengdur hugmyndinni um a\u00f0 hreinsa sv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00deessi d\u00e6mi s\u00fdna a\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrindandi hlj\u00f3mur \u00e1tti s\u00e9r fastan sess einnig utan Evras\u00edu.<\/p>

\u00cd Mong\u00f3l\u00edu og hlutum Mi\u00f0-As\u00edu eru bj\u00f6llur og skellur hluti af b\u00fana\u00f0i helgiathafnas\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga og festar \u00e1 kl\u00e6\u00f0i og trommur \u00feeirra. Hlj\u00f3mur \u00feeirra fylgir helgiath\u00f6fninni og er tengdur hreinsun og fr\u00e1hrindingu. \u00deessi d\u00e6mi s\u00fdna einnig hina v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6ku \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu hlj\u00f3\u00f0verndar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Notkun \u00ed rit\u00faali og daglegu l\u00edfi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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H\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn var n\u00fdtt \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt \u00ed daglegu l\u00edfi. Skella fest \u00e1 d\u00fdr e\u00f0a kl\u00e6\u00f0i hlj\u00f3ma\u00f0i vi\u00f0 hverja hreyfingu og fylgdi bera hennar st\u00f6\u00f0ugt.<\/p>

Bj\u00f6llur og vindbj\u00f6llur festar \u00e1 byggingar hlj\u00f3mu\u00f0u \u00ed vindi e\u00f0a \u00feegar dyr voru opna\u00f0ar. Hlj\u00f3mur \u00feeirra var bundinn sta\u00f0 og heyr\u00f0ist \u00feegar hreyfing \u00e1tti s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00fear.<\/p>

H\u00e1va\u00f0ag\u00f6ngur og sameiginlegur h\u00e1va\u00f0i voru bundin \u00e1kve\u00f0num t\u00edmum. S\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 dimmasta \u00e1rst\u00edmanum og \u00e1 t\u00edmam\u00f3tum \u00e1rsins var h\u00e1va\u00f0i mynda\u00f0ur af \u00e1settu r\u00e1\u00f0i.<\/p>

Hringing kirkjuklukkunnar fylgdi f\u00f6stu skipulagi en var einnig bundin s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum tilefnum. \u00cd \u00f3ve\u00f0rum og a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um sem taldar voru \u00f3gnvekjandi var hringt til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar.<\/p>

\u00cd helgiath\u00f6fnum, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um As\u00edu, er hringing bj\u00f6llna hluti af f\u00f6stum ath\u00f6fnum. Hlj\u00f3murinn skiptir ath\u00f6fninni ni\u00f0ur og markar kafla hennar.<\/p>

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki til neitt samr\u00e6mt helgiathafnaskipulag fyrir h\u00e1v\u00e6ra v\u00f6rn. N\u00e1kv\u00e6m mynd hennar var h\u00e1\u00f0 sv\u00e6\u00f0i, tilefni og hef\u00f0, sem \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00e1ttafr\u00e6\u00f0in hefur \u00edtreka\u00f0 sta\u00f0fest.<\/p>

Efni og ger\u00f0 bj\u00f6llunnar t\u00f6ldust einnig hafa merkingu. A\u00f0 steypa bj\u00f6llu var fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 verk sem oft fylgdu blessunaror\u00f0. \u00deessi vanda\u00f0a framlei\u00f0sla var sj\u00e1lf hluti af \u00feeim hugmyndum sem g\u00e1fu hlj\u00f3mi bj\u00f6llunnar s\u00edna s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku merkingu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Skyldar verndarformir og afm\u00f6rkun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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H\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn er \u00ed \u00e6tt vi\u00f0 \u00feau verndargripi sem borin eru \u00e1 l\u00edkamanum. Skella fest \u00e1 kl\u00e6\u00f0i er \u00ed senn verndargripur e\u00f0a talismani<\/a>, sem virkar \u00fe\u00f3 gegnum hlj\u00f3m og ekki gegnum mynd.<\/p>

N\u00e1i\u00f0 tengd h\u00e1v\u00e6rri v\u00f6rn er \u00fer\u00f6skuldsv\u00f6rnin. Bj\u00f6llur \u00e1 dyrum og innganga tengja sta\u00f0 opnunar vi\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrindandi hlj\u00f3m.<\/p>

H\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn er greinilega fr\u00e1brug\u00f0in myndaverndargrip og ap\u00f3tr\u00f3pa\u00edsku efninu. Mynd og efni virka \u00ed m\u00f6rgum hugmyndum st\u00f6\u00f0ugt og hlj\u00f3\u00f0lega. H\u00e1v\u00e6r v\u00f6rn virkar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed andartaki sem hlj\u00f3murinn heyrist.<\/p>

Innan hlj\u00f3\u00f0legra verndargripa standa bj\u00f6llur og skellur vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 annarra hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ra. Einnig hringlur, trommur, flautur og manns eigin k\u00f6ll heyra til \u00feessa h\u00f3ps.<\/p>

\u00c1kve\u00f0in skil eru til gagnvart hreinni t\u00f3nlistarlegri e\u00f0a merkjagefandi notkun. Bjalla sem a\u00f0eins v\u00edsar til t\u00edma e\u00f0a fylgir t\u00f3nlist ber ekki nau\u00f0synlega fr\u00e1hrindandi merkingu.<\/p>

\u00deessi sta\u00f0setning me\u00f0al n\u00e1granna hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skilgreina h\u00e1v\u00e6ra v\u00f6rn n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega. H\u00fan er hlj\u00f3\u00f0legur verndargripur sem virkar \u00e1 andartaki hlj\u00f3msins og er fr\u00e1brug\u00f0in b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f6glum verndargripum og hreinni merkjagj\u00f6f.<\/p>

Innan hlj\u00f3\u00f0legra verndargripa er auk \u00feess tengsl vi\u00f0 tala\u00f0 og sungi\u00f0 or\u00f0. Einnig \u00e1kall<\/span>, blessunaror\u00f0 og s\u00f6ngur voru notu\u00f0 me\u00f0 fr\u00e1hrindandi merkingu. Bjalla og skella flokkast \u00feannig inn \u00ed breitt svi\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0legra athafna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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N\u00fat\u00edmavi\u00f0t\u00f6kur h\u00e1v\u00e6rrar verndar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Sumir h\u00e1va\u00f0asi\u00f0ir eru enn \u00ed dag lifandi hef\u00f0<\/span>. H\u00e1va\u00f0ag\u00f6ngur \u00e1 dimmasta t\u00edma \u00e1rsins eru enn \u00ed h\u00e1vegum h\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00f6rgum h\u00e9ru\u00f0um Alpasv\u00e6\u00f0isins, oft sem samf\u00e9lagslegur h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0leiki.<\/p>

\u00cd \u00feessum hef\u00f0um n\u00fat\u00edmans er samf\u00e9lagsleg upplifun \u00fea\u00f0 sem mest er lagt upp \u00far. Hin upprunalega v\u00f6rn gegn illum \u00f6flum er \u00feekkt, en er sjaldan tekin b\u00f3kstaflega sem verndargripur.<\/p>

\u00cd n\u00fat\u00edma es\u00f3terisma<\/span> er hlj\u00f3mur og bj\u00f6lluhlj\u00f3\u00f0 sums sta\u00f0ar tengt hreinsandi \u00e1hrifum. Sl\u00edkri i\u00f0ju eru eignu\u00f0 \u00e1hrif sem ekki eru s\u00f6nnu\u00f0. \u00deau skal sko\u00f0a me\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdnum augum.<\/p>

Vindbj\u00f6llur eru \u00ed dag mj\u00f6g algengar sem skreyting. Hin forna hlutverk \u00feeirra, a\u00f0 veita vernd e\u00f0a draga fram heppni, hefur a\u00f0 mestu viki\u00f0 \u00ed skuggann.<\/p>

Fyrir tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> er h\u00e1va\u00f0av\u00f6rnin l\u00e6rd\u00f3msr\u00edkt d\u00e6mi. H\u00fan s\u00fdnir hvernig skynr\u00e6n upplifun, hlj\u00f3murinn, gat or\u00f0i\u00f0 grundv\u00f6llur varnart\u00falkunar.<\/p>

\u00deeir sem kynna s\u00e9r h\u00e1va\u00f0av\u00f6rnina \u00ed dag finna \u00ed henni fyrst og fremst menningars\u00f6gulegt efni. Fagleg umfj\u00f6llun a\u00f0greinir s\u00f6gulega sta\u00f0festa si\u00f0i fr\u00e1 n\u00fat\u00edma fyrirheitum um \u00e1hrif sem standast ekki sko\u00f0un.<\/p>

\u00cd bj\u00f6llufr\u00e6\u00f0um eru gamlar bj\u00f6llur n\u00fa skr\u00e1\u00f0ar, t\u00edmasettar og l\u00fdst eftir hlj\u00f3mi og \u00e1letrun<\/span>. Margar bera \u00e1letranir sem kalla \u00e1 vernd gegn \u00f3ve\u00f0ri og \u00f3g\u00e6fu. \u00deessar \u00e1letranir s\u00fdna me\u00f0 beinum h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mi bj\u00f6llunnar var, umfram tr\u00faarlegt hlutverk, eignu\u00f0 verndandi merking.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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