{"id":169243,"date":"2026-09-05T14:06:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:06:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169243"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:35:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:35:53","slug":"hex-signs-malaadar-stjornurosettur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/hex-signs-malaadar-stjornurosettur\/","title":{"rendered":"Hex Signs \u2013 m\u00e1la\u00f0ar stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settur Pennsylvania Dutch"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Hex Signs: m\u00e1la\u00f0ar hl\u00f6\u00f0ustj\u00f6rnur Pennsylvania Dutch<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hex Signs eru m\u00e1la\u00f0ar, hringlaga stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settur sem hafa veri\u00f0 settar \u00e1 hl\u00f6\u00f0ur Pennsylvania Dutch fr\u00e1 19. \u00f6ld. Pennsylvania Dutch eru afkomendur \u00fe\u00fdskum\u00e6landi innflytjenda sem settust a\u00f0 \u00ed Pennsylvan\u00edu fr\u00e1 18. \u00f6ld.<\/p>

Hvort merkin voru upphaflega hugsu\u00f0 sem verndart\u00e1kn e\u00f0a skraut er umdeilt \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0unum. \u00cd dag eru \u00feau \u00feekkt sem al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistarm\u00f3t\u00edf sv\u00e6\u00f0isins. \u00deessi grein fer yfir uppruna, form og t\u00falkun hl\u00f6\u00f0ustjarnanna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Verndart\u00e1kn<\/span>Evr\u00f3psk \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tr\u00fa<\/a>Hl\u00f6\u00f0uskraut<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Hex\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Yfirlit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hex Signs eru marglitu\u00f0, oftast hringlaga t\u00e1kn \u00e1 \u00fatveggjum hla\u00f0a. \u00deau s\u00fdna stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settur, geometr\u00edsk mynstur og st\u00edlf\u00e6r\u00f0 m\u00f3t\u00edf eins og fugla, t\u00fal\u00edpana og hj\u00f6rtu. \u00deau eru algengust \u00ed sveitah\u00e9ru\u00f0um \u00ed su\u00f0austurhluta Pennsylvan\u00edu.<\/p>

Heiti\u00f0 Hex Sign er samsett \u00far \u00fe\u00fdska or\u00f0inu Hexe (norn) og enska or\u00f0inu sign (t\u00e1kn). \u00dea\u00f0 kom ekki fram fyrr en \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld. Pennsylvania Dutch sj\u00e1lfir t\u00f6lu\u00f0u \u00ed s\u00ednum \u00fe\u00fdsk\u00e6tta\u00f0a m\u00e1ll\u00fdsku fremur um Schtanne, \u00fe.e. stj\u00f6rnur, e\u00f0a um bl\u00f3mur.<\/p>

\u00cd \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu tilliti eru Hex Signs s\u00e9rtilvik. \u00deau tilheyra h\u00f3pi m\u00e1la\u00f0ra stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3setta sem einnig koma fyrir \u00ed evr\u00f3pskum byggingarhef\u00f0um. \u00c1 sama t\u00edma eru \u00feau s\u00e9rst\u00e6tt fyrirb\u00e6ri innan \u00fe\u00fdsk\u00e6tta\u00f0rar innflytjendamenningar \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku.<\/p>

Hvort Hex Signs eiga a\u00f0 skiljast sem verndart\u00e1kn<\/a> e\u00f0a hreint skraut er lykilspurning \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0unum. \u00deessi grein setur fram b\u00e6\u00f0i sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0in \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 taka afdr\u00e1ttarlausa afst\u00f6\u00f0u.<\/p>

Pennsylvania Dutch eru afkomendur innflytjenda fr\u00e1 Pfalz, R\u00ednarl\u00f6ndum, W\u00fcrttemberg, Alsace og Sviss. \u00deeir fluttu til Pennsylvan\u00edu fr\u00e1 byrjun 18. aldar og var\u00f0veittu tungum\u00e1l og si\u00f0venjur<\/span> um margar kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ir.<\/p>

\u00dea\u00f0 er vert a\u00f0 undirstrika a\u00f0 n\u00faverandi t\u00falkun Hex Signs sem lukku- e\u00f0a verndart\u00e1kna er tilt\u00f6lulega n\u00fd, m\u00f3tu\u00f0 af fer\u00f0a\u00fej\u00f3nustu. S\u00f6gulegar heimildir kalla \u00e1 meiri var\u00fa\u00f0 \u00ed mati.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Uppruni og saga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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R\u00e6tur Hex Signs liggja \u00ed evr\u00f3pskri hef\u00f0 m\u00e1la\u00f0ra og \u00fatskorinna stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3setta. Sl\u00edkar r\u00f3settur finnast \u00e1 b\u00e6ndab\u00e6jum og h\u00fasg\u00f6gnum \u00ed Sviss, Alsace og su\u00f0vestur \u00de\u00fdskalandi, \u00fe.e. \u00ed heimah\u00e9ru\u00f0um innflytjendanna.<\/p>

Pennsylvania Dutch fluttu \u00feessi formeinkenni me\u00f0 s\u00e9r til Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku. M\u00e1la\u00f0 stj\u00f6rnumynstur birtist \u00fear fyrst \u00e1 kistum, f\u00e6\u00f0ingarbr\u00e9fum og leirmunum. Yfirf\u00e6rslan \u00e1 hl\u00f6\u00f0uveggi kemur ekki fram fyrr en s\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>

M\u00e1la\u00f0ar hl\u00f6\u00f0ur m\u00e1 rekja \u00ed Pennsylvan\u00edu allt fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta 19. aldar. T\u00e1knin voru m\u00e1lu\u00f0 beint \u00e1 fjalakl\u00e6dda vegginn, oft \u00ed reglulegri uppr\u00f6\u00f0un. Almenn \u00fatbrei\u00f0sla j\u00f3kst me\u00f0 aukinni framlei\u00f0slu tilb\u00fainna m\u00e1lningarlita.<\/p>

Hugtaki\u00f0 Hex Sign breiddist ekki \u00fat fyrr en \u00e1 fyrri hluta 20. aldar. Fer\u00f0aritah\u00f6fundar og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ingar t\u00f3ku \u00fea\u00f0 upp og tengdu \u00fea\u00f0 hugmyndinni um a\u00f0 t\u00e1knin skyldu verjast nornum. \u00deessi t\u00falkun haf\u00f0i varanleg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 almenna mynd fyrirb\u00e6risins.<\/p>

\u00c1 seinni hluta 20. aldar mynda\u00f0ist fer\u00f0a\u00fej\u00f3nustumarka\u00f0ur. Hex Signs voru n\u00fa einnig framleidd sem hringlaga tr\u00e9pl\u00f6tur til s\u00f6lu, sem h\u00e6gt var a\u00f0 festa \u00e1 h\u00fasveggi. \u00deannig aftengdist m\u00f3t\u00edfi\u00f0<\/span> hinni m\u00e1la\u00f0a hl\u00f6\u00f0u.<\/p>

Saga Hex Signs s\u00fdnir \u00fev\u00ed breytingu fr\u00e1 innflutta al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulist yfir \u00ed m\u00e1la\u00f0 hl\u00f6\u00f0uskraut og s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed s\u00f6lumynjagrip. \u00cd hverjum \u00e1fanga breyttist einnig s\u00fa merking sem t\u00e1knunum var eignu\u00f0.<\/p>

Fer\u00f0aritah\u00f6fundurinn Wallace Nutting gegndi lykilhlutverki \u00ed \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu hugtaksins, en hann l\u00fdsti m\u00e1la\u00f0um hl\u00f6\u00f0um Pennsylvan\u00edu \u00e1 1920 \u00e1ratugnum og ger\u00f0i t\u00falkunina um nornavarnar vins\u00e6la. S\u00ed\u00f0ari h\u00f6fundar t\u00f3ku l\u00fdsingu hans upp, \u00feannig a\u00f0 nafni\u00f0 Hex Sign festist \u00ed enskum\u00e6landi ritum \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0iranns\u00f3knir h\u00f6f\u00f0u yfirleitt kanna\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Form, efni og ger\u00f0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Grunnmynstur Hex Signs er stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3setta innan hrings. Algengar eru fimm-, sex- og \u00e1ttarma stj\u00f6rnur. \u00de\u00e6r eru ger\u00f0ar me\u00f0 hringfara \u00feannig a\u00f0 armarnir liggja jafnt \u00fat fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0junni.<\/p>

Auk stj\u00f6rnumynstursins er til fj\u00f6lbreytt safn m\u00f3t\u00edfa. St\u00edlf\u00e6r\u00f0ir fuglar, s\u00e9rstaklega d\u00fafnapar, t\u00fal\u00edpanar, hj\u00f6rtu, eikarlauf og regnbogar koma fyrir st\u00f6k e\u00f0a saman. Hvert m\u00f3t\u00edf<\/span> f\u00e9kk \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00falkun s\u00edna eigin merkingu.<\/p>

Litirnir eru sterkir og andst\u00e6\u00f0ur\u00edkir. Rautt, bl\u00e1tt, gult, gr\u00e6nt og hv\u00edtt eru algengastir. Litavali\u00f0 bygg\u00f0ist upphaflega \u00e1 hagkv\u00e6mum sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um og frambo\u00f0i, en s\u00ed\u00f0ar var litunum eignu\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6k merking.<\/p>

Upphaflega voru t\u00e1knin m\u00e1lu\u00f0 beint \u00e1 tr\u00e9vegg hl\u00f6\u00f0unnar. Til \u00feess var notu\u00f0 ol\u00edum\u00e1lning sem \u00feoldi ve\u00f0run. M\u00e1lningin \u00feurfti a\u00f0 endurn\u00fdja \u00e1 vissu millibili.<\/p>

Me\u00f0 fer\u00f0a\u00fej\u00f3nustumarka\u00f0num kom fram form sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0rar hringlaga pl\u00f6tu. \u00deessar eru ger\u00f0ar \u00far tr\u00e9 e\u00f0a m\u00e1lmi, grunna\u00f0ar og m\u00e1la\u00f0ar. \u00de\u00e6r m\u00e1 festa \u00e1 hva\u00f0a vegg sem er og eru flytjanlegar.<\/p>

Framlei\u00f0slan var hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00f6ndum farandm\u00e1lara og s\u00ed\u00f0ar s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0ra al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistamanna. Nokkur fj\u00f6lskyldufyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed Pennsylvan\u00edu framlei\u00f0a Hex Signs enn \u00ed dag \u00ed handverki eftir hef\u00f0bundnum fyrirmyndum.<\/p>

Stj\u00f6rnurnar voru a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i fyrst teikna\u00f0ar upp me\u00f0 kr\u00edt e\u00f0a rissn\u00e1l \u00e1 grunnu\u00f0u yfirbor\u00f0i. Ekki fyrr en eftir \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00e1ru m\u00e1lararnir litina \u00e1, oft \u00ed m\u00f6rgum umfer\u00f0um, \u00fev\u00ed hvert lag \u00feurfti a\u00f0 \u00feorna. \u00deessi vandvirka vinnua\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdrir hvers vegna margar eldri hl\u00f6\u00f0ustj\u00f6rnur hafa var\u00f0veist \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00e1ratuga ve\u00f0run.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegur bakgrunnur og tr\u00faarhugmyndir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg t\u00falkun \u00e1 Hex Signs er tv\u00edr\u00e1\u00f0. Ein ranns\u00f3knarstefna s\u00e9r \u00ed \u00feeim hreint skraut, \u00f6nnur leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 eldri verndarhlutverk. B\u00e1\u00f0ar afst\u00f6\u00f0ur byggja \u00e1 mismunandi g\u00f6gnum.<\/p>

Pennsylvania Dutch m\u00e1 gr\u00f3flega skipta \u00ed tvo h\u00f3pa. Einfalda f\u00f3lki\u00f0, hin svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u Plain People eins og Amish-f\u00f3lki\u00f0, hafna\u00f0i myndr\u00e6nu skrauti a\u00f0 mestu. Fancy Dutch, sem tilheyr\u00f0u st\u00f3ru kirkjunum, r\u00e6ktu\u00f0u \u00e1 m\u00f3ti r\u00edka skrautmenningu, \u00fear sem m\u00e1la\u00f0ar hl\u00f6\u00f0ur voru me\u00f0al \u00feess.<\/p>

\u00deeir sem halda fram skrautt\u00falkuninni benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 margir eldri Pennsylvania Dutch k\u00f6llu\u00f0u stj\u00f6rnurnar berum or\u00f0um skraut. \u00deekkt or\u00f0atilt\u00e6ki segir \u00ed meginatri\u00f0um a\u00f0 stj\u00f6rnurnar s\u00e9u m\u00e1la\u00f0ar \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u fagrar, ekki af hj\u00e1tr\u00fa.<\/p>

\u00deeir sem halda fram verndart\u00falkuninni v\u00edsa til n\u00e1innar tengingar vi\u00f0 evr\u00f3psk varnart\u00e1kn. Stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settan var \u00ed evr\u00f3pskri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0t\u00f6frafr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1litin s\u00f3lar- og lj\u00f3st\u00e1kn me\u00f0 varnarhlutverki. \u00dea\u00f0 s\u00e9 tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 leif af \u00feeirri hugmynd hafi flust me\u00f0.<\/p>

Sj\u00e1lft heiti\u00f0 er einnig deiluefni. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 Hex \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir norn \u00e1 pennsylvan\u00edu-\u00fe\u00fdsku, en hvort nafni\u00f0 kom fr\u00e1 b\u00e6ndunum sj\u00e1lfum e\u00f0a utana\u00f0komandi \u00e1horfendum er ekki fulllj\u00f3st.<\/p>

Varf\u00e6rin afsta\u00f0a n\u00fat\u00edmaranns\u00f3kna er a\u00f0 Hex Signs hafi fyrst og fremst veri\u00f0 skraut, en formger\u00f0 \u00feeirra megi rekja til eldri evr\u00f3pskra varnart\u00e1kna. Ekki er unnt a\u00f0 sanna me\u00f0 vissu \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00f6frahlutverk \u00ed nor\u00f0ur-amer\u00edskri i\u00f0kun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Notkun og si\u00f0ur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hex Signs voru a\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundnum h\u00e6tti m\u00e1lu\u00f0 \u00e1 st\u00f3ru timburhl\u00f6\u00f0urnar hj\u00e1 Pennsylvania Dutch. Vins\u00e6lustu sta\u00f0irnir voru m\u00e6niendinn og sv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir ofan st\u00f3ru hl\u00f6\u00f0uhur\u00f0irnar, \u00fear sem t\u00e1knin s\u00e1ust langt a\u00f0.<\/p>

Oft voru m\u00f6rg t\u00e1kn m\u00e1lu\u00f0 \u00ed reglulegri r\u00f6\u00f0. Uppr\u00f6\u00f0unin fylgdi fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um og undirstrika\u00f0i byggingarlist hl\u00f6\u00f0unnar. Engin f\u00f6st regla var til um fj\u00f6lda e\u00f0a sta\u00f0setningu.<\/p>

M\u00e1lunin var handverk \u00e1n nokkurrar helgiathafnar. Engin hef\u00f0<\/span> er var\u00f0veitt sem tengdi m\u00e1lun Hex Signs vi\u00f0 v\u00edgslu<\/span>, \u00feulu e\u00f0a helgisi\u00f0<\/span>. \u00deetta er mikilv\u00e6gt r\u00f6k fyrir skrautt\u00falkuninni.<\/p>

\u00c1 20. \u00f6ldinni kom upp s\u00e1 si\u00f0ur a\u00f0 festa Hex Signs sem hringlaga skildi \u00e1 \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0arh\u00fas, verkf\u00e6rask\u00fara og forgar\u00f0a. \u00dear \u00fej\u00f3nu\u00f0u \u00feau sem skraut og sem yfirl\u00fdsing um upprunann \u00far h\u00e9ra\u00f0inu.<\/p>

\u00cd fer\u00f0a\u00fej\u00f3nustunni \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ist s\u00fa hef\u00f0<\/span> a\u00f0 gefa Hex Signs a\u00f0 gj\u00f6f vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0in tilefni. Br\u00fa\u00f0kaup, h\u00fasbyggingu e\u00f0a f\u00e6\u00f0ingu fylgdi vi\u00f0eigandi myndefni<\/span> sem tali\u00f0 var bo\u00f0a g\u00e6fu.<\/p>

Notkun Hex Signs hefur \u00fev\u00ed or\u00f0i\u00f0 mun fj\u00f6lbreyttari me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum. Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera fast hl\u00f6\u00f0uskraut hj\u00e1 Fancy Dutch hafa \u00feau breyst \u00ed hreyfanlega skraut- og gjafav\u00f6ru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundin afbrig\u00f0i og tengt efni<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Innan Pennsylvan\u00edu eru til sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundnar \u00e1herslur. H\u00e9ru\u00f0in Berks, Lehigh og Montgomery gilda sem kjarnasv\u00e6\u00f0i m\u00e1la\u00f0ra hla\u00f0a. \u00dear hefur hef\u00f0in var\u00f0veist \u00fe\u00e9ttast.<\/p>

T\u00e1knin eru breytileg milli h\u00e9ra\u00f0a. Sum sv\u00e6\u00f0i kusu strengt ge\u00f3metr\u00edsk stj\u00f6rnumynstur, \u00f6nnur litu\u00f0 bl\u00f3ma- og fuglamynstur. \u00deessi munur m\u00e1 rekja til einstakra m\u00e1lara og verkst\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feeirra.<\/p>

N\u00e1i\u00f0 tengd eru evr\u00f3pskar stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settur \u00e1 b\u00e6ndab\u00e6jum \u00ed Sviss, Alsace og Su\u00f0ur-\u00de\u00fdskalandi. \u00de\u00e6r deila me\u00f0 Hex Signs grunnmynstrinu og upprunasv\u00e6\u00f0i brottflutningsf\u00f3lksins, en eru oftast skornar \u00ed tr\u00e9 \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 vera m\u00e1la\u00f0ar.<\/p>

Tengd eru einnig rist varnart\u00e1kn Evr\u00f3pu, sem nota einnig stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settur og s\u00f3lhj\u00f3l. Yfirliti\u00f0 um varnart\u00e1kn<\/a> s\u00fdnir \u00feessa sameiginlegu formfj\u00f6lskyldu \u00ed samhengi.<\/p>

\u00cd v\u00ed\u00f0ari skilningi tilheyra Hex Signs \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0list Pennsylvania Dutch \u00ed heild sinni. H\u00fan n\u00e6r einnig til m\u00e1la\u00f0ra kistna, skrautlega \u00fatf\u00e6r\u00f0ra f\u00e6\u00f0ingar- og sk\u00edrnarbr\u00e9fa, hins svokalla\u00f0a Fraktur, og t\u00fal\u00edpanamynstra \u00e1 leirmunum.<\/p>

Utan Pennsylvan\u00edu hafa Hex Signs brei\u00f0st \u00fat me\u00f0 fer\u00f0a\u00fej\u00f3nustu og brottflutningi. \u00deau koma n\u00fa fram sem skreytim\u00f3t\u00edf \u00ed m\u00f6rgum hlutum Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku, oft slitin \u00far s\u00ednu upprunalega menningarlega samhengi.<\/p>

Tengt fyrirb\u00e6ri eru m\u00e1la\u00f0ar kistur Pennsylvania Dutch, \u00fear sem s\u00f6mu stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settur og t\u00fal\u00edpanamynstur koma fyrir. \u00dear sem margar \u00feessara kistna eru t\u00edmasettar og m\u00e1 rekja til \u00e1kve\u00f0ins m\u00e1lara, \u00fej\u00f3na \u00fe\u00e6r ranns\u00f3knum sem samanbur\u00f0arg\u00f6gn. \u00de\u00e6r s\u00fdna a\u00f0 formheimur Hex Signs var lifandi \u00ed heimilisl\u00edfi brottflutningsf\u00f3lksins l\u00f6ngu \u00e1\u00f0ur en m\u00e1la\u00f0ar hl\u00f6\u00f0ur ur\u00f0u til.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Merking sem verndargripur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Spurningin um hvort Hex-t\u00e1kn (Hex Signs) teljist til verndargripa er ekki einf\u00f6ld a\u00f0 svara. S\u00f6gulegar heimildir sty\u00f0ja ekki afdr\u00e1ttarlausa verndarfunkc\u00edu \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku. Margir sem tilheyr\u00f0u \u00feessari hef\u00f0 litu \u00e1 t\u00e1knin fyrst og fremst sem skraut.<\/p>

\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00fdr eldri verndarmerking \u00ed formheimi Hex-t\u00e1knanna. Stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settan var \u00ed evr\u00f3pskum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tr\u00faarhef\u00f0um s\u00f3lar- og lj\u00f3st\u00e1kn sem tali\u00f0 var hafa fr\u00e1hrindandi m\u00e1tt. \u00deessi arfleif\u00f0 sveimar enn um myndefni\u00f0<\/span>.<\/p>

\u00cd vins\u00e6lum t\u00falkunum 20. aldar fengu einst\u00f6k myndefni fastar verndar- og g\u00e6fumerkingar. \u00c1ttarma stjarnan var talin merki um r\u00edkid\u00e6mi, d\u00fafupari\u00f0 um g\u00e6fu og fri\u00f0, eikargreinin um styrk.<\/p>

\u00deessar merkingar eru \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 mestu n\u00fdlegar. \u00de\u00e6r ur\u00f0u til \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 marka\u00f0ssetningu og voru kerfisbundnar af s\u00f6luf\u00f3lki og fer\u00f0ah\u00f6fundum. \u00de\u00e6r endurspegla ekki s\u00f6guleg tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 Pennsylvania Dutch-f\u00f3lksins.<\/p>

\u00dear sem Hex-t\u00e1kn eru \u00ed dag gefin sem g\u00e6fu- e\u00f0a verndargjafir er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a n\u00fat\u00edmalega, vinsamlega merkingu. H\u00fan tengir hi\u00f0 fagra myndefni<\/span> vi\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ar \u00f3skir \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 gera kr\u00f6fu um raunverulega virkni.<\/p>

\u00dev\u00ed m\u00e1 sl\u00e1 f\u00f6stu a\u00f0 Hex-t\u00e1kn eru fyrst og fremst \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0list. Verndarmerking \u00feeirra er arfleif\u00f0 evr\u00f3pskrar formhef\u00f0ar og n\u00fat\u00edmaleg t\u00falkun, ekki sta\u00f0fest s\u00f6guleg virkni \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heimildasta\u00f0a og ranns\u00f3knarsaga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 Hex-t\u00e1knum h\u00f3fust \u00e1 fyrri hluta 20. aldar. Fer\u00f0aritah\u00f6fundar og heimafr\u00e6\u00f0ingar l\u00fdstu m\u00e1lu\u00f0u hl\u00f6\u00f0unum og settu fram hugtaki\u00f0 Hex Sign og t\u00falkunina um a\u00f0 t\u00e1knin v\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0u gegn nornum.<\/p>

\u00deessari fyrstu t\u00falkun var m\u00f3tm\u00e6lt kr\u00f6ftuglega af sumum af Pennsylvania Dutch-uppruna. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn og Pennsylvania Dutch-fr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Alfred Shoemaker h\u00e9lt \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 t\u00e1knin v\u00e6ru hreint skraut og a\u00f0 hj\u00e1tr\u00fa<\/span> hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 eignu\u00f0 \u00feeim utan fr\u00e1.<\/p>

A\u00f0rir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn, me\u00f0al annars August Mahr, bentu aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00e1 tengslin vi\u00f0 evr\u00f3psk s\u00f3lart\u00e1kn og t\u00f6ldu eldri verndarmerkingu tr\u00faver\u00f0uga. \u00deessi andst\u00e6\u00f0a einkennir ranns\u00f3knirnar enn \u00ed dag.<\/p>

Heimildasta\u00f0an er erfi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed skrifleg vitni fr\u00e1 frumt\u00edma m\u00e1lu\u00f0u hl\u00f6\u00f0anna eru f\u00e1. Margt ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0listinni, munnlegum vitnisbur\u00f0um og samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pu.<\/p>

\u00c1 evr\u00f3pska samanbur\u00f0arsvi\u00f0inu veitir Handw\u00f6rterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens efni um stj\u00f6rnur\u00f3settu og s\u00f3larhj\u00f3l sem fr\u00e1hrindandi t\u00e1kn. \u00dea\u00f0 sty\u00f0ur kenninguna um forna verndarmerkingu myndefnisins.<\/p>

Ranns\u00f3knarsagan s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 Hex-t\u00e1kn eru kennslub\u00f3kard\u00e6mi um vark\u00e1rni \u00ed me\u00f0fer\u00f0 heimilda. \u00c1hugaver\u00f0 t\u00falkun, h\u00e9r nornav\u00f6rn, getur fest sig \u00ed sessi \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 vera s\u00f6guleg sta\u00f0fest.<\/p>

\u00dea\u00f0 gerir m\u00e1li\u00f0 enn erfi\u00f0ara a\u00f0 Pennsylvania Dutch-f\u00f3lki\u00f0 skr\u00e1\u00f0i m\u00e1ll\u00fdsku s\u00edna varla og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar ranns\u00f3knir h\u00f3fust seint. Vitnisbur\u00f0ir gamalla hl\u00f6\u00f0ueigenda voru a\u00f0 mestu skr\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld, \u00feegar fer\u00f0amannat\u00falkunin var \u00feegar or\u00f0in \u00fatbreidd. Ranns\u00f3knir \u00feurfa \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 greina vandlega milli forns munnm\u00e6la<\/span> og \u00e1hrifa s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00edma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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M\u00f3tt\u00f6kur \u00ed dag<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hex-t\u00e1kn eru \u00ed dag \u00feekkt einkenni Pennsylvania Dutch-sv\u00e6\u00f0isins. \u00deau birtast \u00e1 minjagripum, \u00ed fer\u00f0amannaaugl\u00fdsingum og sem skreyting \u00e1 h\u00fasum og verslunum langt utan upprunasv\u00e6\u00f0is s\u00edns.<\/p>

Nokkur fj\u00f6lskyldufyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed Pennsylvania framlei\u00f0a Hex-t\u00e1kn \u00ed handverki og selja \u00feau sem \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0list. \u00deau vi\u00f0halda \u00feannig lifandi hef\u00f0 og \u00fej\u00f3na \u00e1 sama t\u00edma innlendum og al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum marka\u00f0i.<\/p>

\u00cd vins\u00e6lli t\u00falkun eru Hex-t\u00e1kn \u00ed dag a\u00f0 mestu talin g\u00e6fu- og verndargripir. Fylgib\u00e6klingar tengja hverju myndefni<\/span> \u00e1kve\u00f0na merkingu, svo sem \u00e1st, heilsu e\u00f0a velmegun. \u00deessar t\u00falkanir eru vinsamlega hugsa\u00f0ar en s\u00f6gulega n\u00fdlegar.<\/p>

S\u00f6fn \u00ed Pennsylvania hafa s\u00e9rstakar deildir um Hex-t\u00e1kn og mi\u00f0la b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0listinni og ranns\u00f3knarumr\u00e6\u00f0unni um merkingu \u00feeirra. \u00deau leggja \u00feannig sitt af m\u00f6rkum til n\u00e1kv\u00e6mari myndar.<\/p>

\u00cd dulspeki<\/span> eru Hex-t\u00e1kn st\u00f6ku sinnum marka\u00f0ssett sem verndart\u00e1kn heimila. \u00deeir sem leita hins s\u00f6gulega samhengis finna traustar uppl\u00fdsingar \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum ritum og \u00ed yfirlitinu um verndart\u00e1kn<\/a>.<\/p>

N\u00fat\u00edmavi\u00f0t\u00f6kurnar tengja \u00feannig \u00ferj\u00fa svi\u00f0 saman. Hex-t\u00e1kn eru lifandi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0list, fer\u00f0amannaeinkenni og efni \u00ed ranns\u00f3knarumr\u00e6\u00f0u sem enn er opin um upprunalega merkingu \u00feeirra.<\/p>

\u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00edmum hefur gagnr\u00fdnin heimafr\u00e6\u00f0i Pennsylvania Dutch-f\u00f3lksins einnig teki\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 til umfj\u00f6llunar. H\u00fan bendir \u00e1 a\u00f0 Hex-t\u00e1kn s\u00e9u hluti af r\u00edkri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0listarhef\u00f0 og ekki \u00e6tti a\u00f0 \u00ferengja \u00feau ni\u00f0ur \u00ed slagor\u00f0i\u00f0 um nornav\u00f6rn. \u00deessar raddir m\u00e6la me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 t\u00e1knin s\u00e9u fyrst og fremst virt sem h\u00f6nnunarafrek og tj\u00e1ning \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundinni sj\u00e1lfsmynd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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