{"id":169141,"date":"2026-09-05T14:05:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169141"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:33:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:33:16","slug":"keltverskur-kross-hakross-verndartakn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/keltverskur-kross-hakross-verndartakn\/","title":{"rendered":"Keltverskur kross \u2013 h\u00e1kross og verndart\u00e1kn"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Keltverski krossinn \u2013 h\u00e1kross og kristi\u00f0 verndart\u00e1kn<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Keltverski krossinn sameinar krossform og hring umhverfis skur\u00f0punkt bj\u00e1lkanna. Hann m\u00e1 rekja til steinh\u00e1krossa \u00cdrlands og Bretlands og telst me\u00f0al \u00e1hrifamestu kristnu minnismerkja fyrri hluta mi\u00f0aldar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Verndart\u00e1kn<\/span>Keltverskt<\/a>Kristi\u00f0 t\u00e1kn<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Keltneskur\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Yfirlit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Keltverski krossinn er s\u00e9rstakt form af kristnum krossi. Einkenni hans er hringur sem umlykur skur\u00f0punkt l\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e9tta og l\u00e1r\u00e9tta bj\u00e1lkans. \u00deessi samsetning kross og hrings gerir t\u00e1kni\u00f0 einstakt \u00ed sinni r\u00f6\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er me\u00f0al \u00feekktustu t\u00e1kna sem tengd eru hinum keltverska<\/a> heimi.<\/p>

Uppruna sinn hefur keltverski krossinn \u00ed steinh\u00e1krossum \u00cdrlands og Bretlands. \u00deessir krossar ur\u00f0u til \u00e1 fyrri hluta mi\u00f0alda og teljast me\u00f0al mestu vitnisbur\u00f0a listar Bretlandseyja \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma. Keltverski krossinn var \u00feannig upphaflega minnismerki og a\u00f0eins s\u00ed\u00f0ar t\u00e1kn sem bori\u00f0 var \u00e1 l\u00edkamanum.<\/p>

\u00cd listas\u00f6gu er keltverski krossinn vel rannsaka\u00f0ur. S\u00f6gu hans m\u00e1 rekja me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp \u00feeirra steinkrossa sem enn eru var\u00f0veittir. \u00deessi g\u00f3\u00f0a heimildasta\u00f0a gerir m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa honum n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed sker hann sig fr\u00e1 t\u00e1knum sem uppruni \u00feeirra er \u00e1 huldu.<\/p>

Sem verndart\u00e1kn heyrir keltverski krossinn til kristninnar. Hann veitir vernd samkv\u00e6mt kristnum skilningi \u00fear sem hann s\u00fdnir kross Krists og v\u00edsar til sigurs hans yfir dau\u00f0anum. Hringurinn kemur til sem vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar\u00fe\u00e1ttur. Keltverski krossinn er \u00feannig sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt afbrig\u00f0i hins almenna kristna krosst\u00e1kns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Form: kross og hringur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Grunnform keltverska krossins er au\u00f0l\u00fdst. \u00dea\u00f0 er kross \u00fear sem hringur sker e\u00f0a umlykur fj\u00f3ra arma hans. Hringurinn sit n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega \u00fear sem l\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e9tti bj\u00e1lkinn og l\u00e1r\u00e9ttur bj\u00e1lkinn skerast. Hann tengir armana fj\u00f3ra saman.<\/p>

Hlutf\u00f6llin geta veri\u00f0 breytileg. \u00cd m\u00f6rgum keltverskum krossum er l\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e9tti bj\u00e1lkinn talsvert lengdur, \u00feannig a\u00f0 grunnformi\u00f0 minnir \u00e1 latneska krossinn. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0rum eru armarnir n\u00e1nast jafn langir, sem n\u00e1lgast gr\u00edska krossinn. Hringurinn er \u00ed \u00f6llum tilvikum s\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1ttur sem tengir \u00fe\u00e1 saman.<\/p>

Um merkingu hringsins eru til \u00fdmsar huglei\u00f0ingar. \u00cd hreinu byggingarlegu tilliti gaf hringurinn v\u00ed\u00f0um, \u00fatst\u00e6\u00f0um \u00f6rmum steinkross st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika og styrk. Hann kom \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 fr\u00edstandandi armarnir brotnu\u00f0u. \u00deessi hagn\u00fdta \u00fatsk\u00fdring er au\u00f0skilin.<\/p>

Auk hins byggingarlega tilgangs var hringurinn einnig t\u00falka\u00f0ur \u00e1 fleiri vegu. Algeng t\u00falkun er sem t\u00e1kn eil\u00edf\u00f0ar e\u00f0a sem l\u00edking<\/span> s\u00f3lar og lj\u00f3ss. Hva\u00f0a t\u00falkun smi\u00f0irnir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00ed huga er ekki alltaf var\u00f0veitt. \u00d6ruggt er a\u00f0 hringurinn gefur keltverska krossinum s\u00edna s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku, loku\u00f0u mynd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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H\u00e1krossar \u00cdrlands og Bretlands<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hin eiginlega heimkynni keltverska krossins eru h\u00e1krossarnir. Me\u00f0 \u00feessu hugtaki eru \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 st\u00f3ra, fr\u00edstandandi steinkrossa sem reistir voru \u00e1 fyrri hluta mi\u00f0alda \u00e1 \u00cdrlandi og \u00ed hlutum Bretlands. Sumir \u00feessara krossa n\u00e1 verulegri h\u00e6\u00f0.<\/p>

H\u00e1krossarnir ur\u00f0u til \u00e1 m\u00f6rgum \u00f6ldum. Bl\u00f3mat\u00edmi \u00feeirra var \u00e1 fyrri og h\u00e6rri hluta mi\u00f0alda. \u00deeir voru reistir vi\u00f0 klaustur, kirkjur og \u00e1 mikilv\u00e6gum st\u00f6\u00f0um. Margir \u00feeirra standa enn \u00ed dag \u00e1 upprunalegum sta\u00f0 s\u00ednum.<\/p>

\u00deessir steinkrossar eru listilega unnir. Yfirbor\u00f0 \u00feeirra er \u00feaki\u00f0 \u00fatskur\u00f0i. Auk hins samfellda fl\u00farverks, sem er einkennandi fyrir list Bretlandseyja, bera margir h\u00e1krossar myndr\u00e6nar s\u00fdningar. \u00deeir teljast me\u00f0al mikilv\u00e6gustu myndverka s\u00edns t\u00edmabils.<\/p>

H\u00e1krossarnir eru \u00fea\u00f0 sem keltverski krossinn sem t\u00e1kn er sprottinn \u00far. Hver s\u00ed\u00f0ari notkun formsins, hvort sem \u00fea\u00f0 er sem legsteinn e\u00f0a hengiskraut, m\u00e1 a\u00f0 lokum rekja til \u00feessara steinminnisvar\u00f0a. S\u00e1 sem vill skilja keltverska krossinn \u00fearf a\u00f0 byrja \u00e1 h\u00e1krossunum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hlutverk steinkrossanna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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H\u00e1krossarnir h\u00f6f\u00f0u m\u00f6rg hlutverk \u00ed l\u00edfi fyrri hluta mi\u00f0alda. Eitt mikilv\u00e6gt hlutverk var sem pr\u00e9dikunarkross. Vi\u00f0 sl\u00edka krossa gat s\u00f6fnu\u00f0urinn safnast saman, og myndverk \u00feeirra \u00fej\u00f3nu\u00f0u til a\u00f0 mi\u00f0la kristinni kenningu. Krossinn var \u00feannig sta\u00f0ur bo\u00f0unar.<\/p>

A\u00f0rir h\u00e1krossar merktu m\u00f6rk. \u00deeir s\u00fdndu umfang klausturlands e\u00f0a v\u00edg\u00f0s sv\u00e6\u00f0is. S\u00e1 sem n\u00e1\u00f0i sl\u00edkum krossi vissi a\u00f0 hann var a\u00f0 ganga inn \u00e1 s\u00e9rstakt, vernda\u00f0 sv\u00e6\u00f0i. Krossinn trygg\u00f0i og t\u00e1kna\u00f0i \u00feessi m\u00f6rk samt\u00edmis.<\/p>

H\u00e1krossarnir \u00fej\u00f3nu\u00f0u einnig sem minnismerki og minningart\u00e1kn. Sumir voru reistir til minningar um einstaklinga e\u00f0a atbur\u00f0i og b\u00e1ru vi\u00f0eigandi \u00e1letranir. \u00deeir var\u00f0veittu minninguna og settu hinn tilgreinda sta\u00f0 undir t\u00e1kn Krists.<\/p>

\u00cd \u00f6llum \u00feessum hlutverkum var keltverski krossinn meira en skraut. Hann skipa\u00f0i r\u00fdmi, mi\u00f0la\u00f0i tr\u00faarinnihaldi og trygg\u00f0i sv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00deessi samsetning merkingar og hagn\u00fdts gagns er einkennandi fyrir heim mi\u00f0alda. H\u00e1krossinn var tr\u00faarlegt t\u00e1kn og gagnlegt merki \u00ed senn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Myndefni h\u00e1krossanna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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M\u00f6rg h\u00e1kross bera umfangsmikil myndapr\u00f3gr\u00f6mm. \u00c1 fl\u00f6tum \u00feeirra eru s\u00fdndar heilar ra\u00f0ir af atri\u00f0um sem er vandlega skipt ni\u00f0ur \u00ed reiti. \u00deessar myndir eru ekki tilviljanakennt saman settar, heldur fylgja vandlega hugsa\u00f0ri byggingu.<\/p>

Framsetningin s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 mestu atri\u00f0i \u00far Bibl\u00edunni. Fr\u00e1s\u00f6gur \u00far Gamla og N\u00fdja testamentinu eru stilltar hli\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0. Oft voru atri\u00f0in valin \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feau v\u00edsa hvert til annars og myndu saman gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega heild. H\u00e1krossinn var\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 myndab\u00f3k \u00ed steini.<\/p>

Fyrir f\u00f3lk \u00e1 fyrri hluta mi\u00f0alda h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00feessi myndapr\u00f3gr\u00f6mm mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki a\u00f0 sinna. Margir g\u00e1tu ekki lesi\u00f0, og myndirnar mi\u00f0lu\u00f0u \u00feeim meginfr\u00e1s\u00f6gum tr\u00faarinnar. H\u00e1krossinn var \u00feannig verkf\u00e6ri til bo\u00f0unar sem \u00feurfti ekki \u00e1 skrift a\u00f0 halda. Hann tala\u00f0i \u00ed gegnum myndina.<\/p>

\u00deessi myndapr\u00f3gr\u00f6mm gera h\u00e1krossana a\u00f0 ver\u00f0m\u00e6tum heimildum. \u00deau s\u00fdna hva\u00f0a bibl\u00eduleg atri\u00f0i skiptu f\u00f3lk \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma m\u00e1li og hvernig \u00feau voru t\u00falku\u00f0. Keltverski krossinn er \u00feannig ekki bara t\u00e1kn, heldur einnig r\u00edkulegur bur\u00f0arberi mynda og merkinga.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Sagan um upprunann<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Um uppruna keltverska krossins er til vel \u00feekkt helgis\u00f6gn<\/span>. H\u00fan eignar tengingu kross og hrings heil\u00f6gum Patreki, tr\u00fabo\u00f0a \u00cdrlands. Samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessari s\u00f6gu tengdi Patrekur kristna krossinn hring, sem haf\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur veri\u00f0 t\u00e1knmynd s\u00f3lar fyrir kristnit\u00f6ku.<\/p>

Merking \u00feessarar helgisagnar<\/span> er sk\u00fdr. H\u00fan t\u00falkar keltverska krossinn sem t\u00e1kn m\u00e6tingar. N\u00fdi kristni krossinn og gamalt, s\u00f3linni helga\u00f0 t\u00e1kn eru s\u00f6g\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 sameinu\u00f0 \u00ed honum. \u00deannig hafi Patrekur f\u00e6rt f\u00f3lki n\u00fdja tr\u00fa n\u00e6r.<\/p>

Eins og margar upprunasagnir ber a\u00f0 taka \u00feessa fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn me\u00f0 fyrirvara. H\u00fan er t\u00falkandi saga, ekki sta\u00f0fest s\u00f6guleg heimild. Hvort hringformi\u00f0 stafi \u00ed raun af s\u00f3lart\u00e1kni ver\u00f0ur ekki sanna\u00f0. Byggingarleg \u00fatsk\u00fdring, sem s\u00e9r \u00ed hringnum stu\u00f0ning fyrir stein\u00f6rmana, er a\u00f0 minnsta kosti jafn sannf\u00e6randi.<\/p>

Helgis\u00f6gnin<\/span> er \u00fe\u00f3 fr\u00f3\u00f0leg. H\u00fan s\u00fdnir hvernig keltverski krossinn var t\u00falka\u00f0ur \u00ed t\u00edmans r\u00e1s, sem br\u00fa milli gamallar og n\u00fdrrar tr\u00faar. Sl\u00edkar s\u00f6gur eru hluti af verkunars\u00f6gu t\u00e1kns. \u00de\u00e6r eru ekki s\u00f6guleg heimild \u00ed str\u00f6ngum skilningi, en \u00fe\u00e6r segja miki\u00f0 um \u00fe\u00e1 mynd sem f\u00f3lk ger\u00f0i s\u00e9r af keltverska krossinum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Kristi\u00f0 t\u00e1kn og verndargripur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Keltverski krossinn er \u00ed kjarna s\u00ednum kristi\u00f0 t\u00e1kn. Verndarmerking hans er dregin af almennri merkingu krossins. Krossinn v\u00edsar til Krists og sigurs hans yfir dau\u00f0anum, og af \u00feeirri tilv\u00edsun lei\u00f0ir hlutverk hans sem verndart\u00e1kns.<\/p>

Eins og einfaldi krossinn gat keltverski krossinn sett sta\u00f0i og f\u00f3lk undir vernd Krists. H\u00e1krossarnir v\u00f6r\u00f0u klaustursv\u00e6\u00f0i og vegi. \u00cd minni mynd gat keltverski krossinn sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 gr\u00f6fum, merkt legst\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 og vari\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>

Hringurinn b\u00e6tir eigin \u00fe\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 \u00feessa verndarmerkingu. Sem loku\u00f0, \u00ed sj\u00e1lfa sig hringlaga form stendur hringurinn v\u00ed\u00f0a fyrir eil\u00edf\u00f0 og \u00f3rofna varanleika. \u00cd samhengi vi\u00f0 krossinn getur hringurinn tj\u00e1\u00f0 hugmyndina um st\u00f6\u00f0uga, alt\u00e6ka vernd.<\/p>

Eins og me\u00f0 \u00f6ll kristin t\u00e1kn gildir h\u00e9r s\u00fa kirkjulega s\u00fdn a\u00f0 krossinn verki ekki af s\u00e9r sj\u00e1lfum. Hann veitir vernd sem t\u00e1kn sem stefnir manninum til Krists. Keltverski krossinn er \u00feannig ekki t\u00f6frandi verndargripur<\/span>, heldur tr\u00faart\u00e1kn, \u00fear sem verndin er bundin tr\u00fanni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Keltverska endurvakningin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Eftir mi\u00f0aldir dr\u00f3 \u00far \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu keltverska krossins um langan t\u00edma. Mikil endurkoma hans h\u00f3fst \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld. \u00c1 \u00feessum t\u00edma vakna\u00f0i n\u00fdr, sterkur \u00e1hugi \u00e1 keltverskri fort\u00ed\u00f0, sem kalla\u00f0ur er keltverska endurvakningin.<\/p>

\u00cd tengslum vi\u00f0 \u00feessa hreyfingu var keltverski krossinn endurfundinn og nota\u00f0ur \u00e1 n\u00fdjan h\u00e1tt. Hann var\u00f0 s\u00e9rlega \u00fatbreiddur sem legsteinsform. \u00c1 m\u00f6rgum kirkjug\u00f6r\u00f0um, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 \u00cdrlandi og \u00ed l\u00f6ndum sem m\u00f3tu\u00f0 eru af \u00edrskum innflytjendum, var\u00f0 keltverski krossinn algengt legmerki.<\/p>

Samhli\u00f0a \u00feessu var\u00f0 keltverski krossinn t\u00e1kn sj\u00e1lfsmyndar. Hann t\u00e1kna\u00f0i n\u00fa tilheyrslu vi\u00f0 \u00edrska e\u00f0a almennt keltverska menningu. \u00dar mi\u00f0aldaminnismerki var or\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00e1kn sem f\u00f3lk nota\u00f0i til a\u00f0 bera vitni um uppruna sinn og hef\u00f0.<\/p>

Keltverska endurvakningin m\u00f3tar mynd n\u00fat\u00edmans af keltverska krossinum allt til dagsins \u00ed dag. Margt af \u00fev\u00ed sem tengt er t\u00e1kninu \u00ed dag er ekki upprunni\u00f0 \u00far mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum, heldur \u00far \u00feessari s\u00ed\u00f0ari endurvakningu. N\u00e1kv\u00e6m framsetning greinir \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 milli mi\u00f0aldah\u00e1krossanna og enduruppt\u00f6ku \u00feeirra \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00edmum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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M\u00f3tt\u00f6kur \u00ed dag<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Keltverski krossinn er \u00ed dag v\u00ed\u00f0kunnugt og \u00fatbreitt t\u00e1kn. Hann kemur fram sem legsteinn, sem hengi og sem myndefni<\/span> \u00ed h\u00f6nnun. S\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 \u00edrska menningu og kristna tr\u00fa hefur hann fastan sess.<\/p>

Fyrir marga er keltverski krossinn tr\u00faarlegt t\u00e1kn. Hann tengir kristna krossinn vi\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaka hef\u00f0 ins\u00falversku kirkjunnar. Fyrir a\u00f0ra stendur hann fyrst og fremst fyrir tengsl vi\u00f0 keltverskan og \u00edrskan uppruna. B\u00e1\u00f0ar merkingarnar liggja n\u00e6rri hvor annarri og \u00fatiloka hvor a\u00f0ra ekki.<\/p>

Eins og \u00f6nnur forn\u00f6ld t\u00e1kn er keltverski krossinn ekki varinn fyrir misnotkun. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur komi\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 formi\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 af h\u00f3pum sem eiga engin tengsl vi\u00f0 kristna og menningarlega merkingu \u00feess. S\u00e1 sem s\u00fdnir keltverska krossinn \u00e6tti a\u00f0 s\u00fdna hann \u00ed s\u00ednu s\u00f6gulega samhengi.<\/p>

\u00cd kjarna s\u00ednum er keltverski krossinn \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1fram \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann hefur veri\u00f0 fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta mi\u00f0alda, kristi\u00f0 t\u00e1kn \u00ed s\u00e9rst\u00e6\u00f0u formi. Steinh\u00e1krossar \u00cdrlands og Bretlands standa enn \u00feann dag \u00ed dag og bera vitni um \u00feennan uppruna. \u00deeir eru gl\u00e6silegasta vitnisbur\u00f0urinn um t\u00e1kn sem tengir kross og hring \u00ed varanlega heild.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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