{"id":169124,"date":"2026-09-05T14:05:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:05:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169124"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:32:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:32:51","slug":"thorshamar-mjolnir-verndartakn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/thorshamar-mjolnir-verndartakn\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00de\u00f3rshamar \u2013 Mj\u00f6lnir sem germanskt verndart\u00e1kn"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3rshamarinn \u2013 Mj\u00f6lnir sem germanskt-norr\u00e6nt verndart\u00e1kn<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3rshamarinn Mj\u00f6lnir er germanskt-norr\u00e6nt verndart\u00e1kn sem birtir kraft, blessun<\/span> og v\u00f6rn gegn \u00f3vinveittum m\u00e1ttarv\u00f6ldum. \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn, kalla\u00f0ur Mj\u00f6lnir \u00ed norr\u00e6nni munnm\u00e6lahef\u00f0<\/span>, var v\u00ed\u00f0a borinn verndargripur \u00e1 v\u00edkinga\u00f6ld. Hann sameina\u00f0i hugmyndina um gu\u00f0lega v\u00edgf\u00e6rni me\u00f0 pers\u00f3nulegu t\u00e1kni sem setti \u00feann sem bar hann undir vernd \u00ferumugu\u00f0sins. Mj\u00f6lnir er talinn verndart\u00e1kn sem tengdi gu\u00f0lega v\u00edgf\u00e6rni vi\u00f0 pers\u00f3nulega vernd \u00feess sem bar hann.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
Verndart\u00e1kn<\/span>Germ\u00f6nsk<\/a>Verndargripur (apotropa\u00efkon)<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Silfurhengi\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Yfirlit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3rshamarinn er verndargripur \u00far germanska-norr\u00e6na<\/a> heiminum. Hann er eftirmynd Mj\u00f6lnis, hamars \u00ferumugu\u00f0sins \u00de\u00f3rs, og var borinn fyrst og fremst \u00e1 v\u00edkinga\u00f6ld, milli n\u00edundu og elleftu aldar. Fj\u00f6lmargir gripir hafa var\u00f0veist fr\u00e1 Skandinav\u00edu, Eystrasaltssv\u00e6\u00f0inu og \u00feeim landsv\u00e6\u00f0um sem norr\u00e6nir menn settust a\u00f0 \u00ed.<\/p>

\u00d6fugt vi\u00f0 m\u00f6rg fornaldar<\/span> verndargripi er \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn ekki mynd af go\u00f0m\u00f6gn<\/span>, heldur mynd af verkf\u00e6ri \u00feess. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki \u00de\u00f3r sj\u00e1lfur sem borinn var, heldur t\u00f3li\u00f0 sem hann var\u00f0i me\u00f0 heim manna og gu\u00f0a. T\u00e1kni\u00f0 v\u00edsa\u00f0i \u00feannig me\u00f0 beinum h\u00e6tti til verndara\u00f0ger\u00f0ar.<\/p>

\u00cd tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> er \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn talinn vel skjalfest d\u00e6mi um pers\u00f3nulegt verndart\u00e1kn sem var jafnframt tj\u00e1ning tr\u00faarlegrar tilheyrslu. S\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 t\u00edmum umskiptanna til kristni f\u00e9kk hamarinn merkingu sem n\u00e1\u00f0i lengra en einf\u00f6ld v\u00f6rn gegn \u00f3g\u00e6fu.<\/p>

Fornleifafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar heimildir eru umfangsmiklar. Yfir \u00fe\u00fasund hamargripir eru \u00feekktir til \u00feessa, auk m\u00f3tanna og myndr\u00e6nna framsetninga. \u00deessi mikli fj\u00f6ldi gerir \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn a\u00f0 einum best rannsaka\u00f0a verndargrip v\u00edkingaaldar.<\/p>

Hann gerir rannsakendum kleift a\u00f0 greina \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu, verkst\u00e6\u00f0i og t\u00edmalega \u00fer\u00f3un me\u00f0 meiri n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni en hj\u00e1 m\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum verndart\u00e1knum. Hamarinn er \u00feannig ekki a\u00f0eins tr\u00faarlegt t\u00e1kn, heldur einnig mikilv\u00e6g heimild um efnislega menningu Nor\u00f0urlanda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Mj\u00f6lnir, hamar \u00de\u00f3rs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Munnm\u00e6lahef\u00f0in<\/span> um Mj\u00f6lni kemur fyrst og fremst fr\u00e1 fornnorr\u00e6num heimildum, Lj\u00f3\u00f0aeddu og Snorra-Eddu Snorra Sturlusonar. \u00dear er sagt hvernig hamarinn var sm\u00ed\u00f0a\u00f0ur af dvergum. Afskipti gu\u00f0sins Loka ollu \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skafti\u00f0 var\u00f0 of stutt, en \u00fea\u00f0 haf\u00f0i engin \u00e1hrif \u00e1 virkni vopnsins.<\/p>

Mj\u00f6lnir haf\u00f0i \u00f3venjulega eiginleika. Hann hitti alltaf skotmark sitt, sneri aftur \u00ed h\u00f6nd \u00de\u00f3rs og gat veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ur minni svo a\u00f0 gu\u00f0inn g\u00e6ti bori\u00f0 hann \u00ed felum. \u00cd go\u00f0s\u00f6gnunum er hamarinn afgerandi vopn gegn j\u00f6tnunum, sem koma fram sem andst\u00e6\u00f0ingar go\u00f0heimsins.<\/p>

Mj\u00f6lnir var \u00fe\u00f3 ekki a\u00f0eins vopn. Heimildirnar s\u00fdna hann einnig sem helgunart\u00f3l sem \u00de\u00f3r blessa\u00f0i og v\u00edg\u00f0i me\u00f0. \u00deetta tv\u00f6falda hlutverk, b\u00e6\u00f0i vopn og v\u00edgslut\u00e6ki, er mikilv\u00e6gt fyrir skilning \u00e1 hamarsgripnum, \u00fev\u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0ar hli\u00f0ar fl\u00e9ttast inn \u00ed verndarmerkingu hans.<\/p>

Nafni\u00f0 Mj\u00f6lnir er t\u00falka\u00f0 \u00e1 mismunandi vegu \u00ed m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu tilliti. Algengt er a\u00f0 rekja \u00fea\u00f0 til or\u00f0s sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 mala e\u00f0a merja, sem einkennir hamarinn sem verkf\u00e6ri ey\u00f0ingar. A\u00f0rar t\u00falkanir tengja nafni\u00f0 vi\u00f0 or\u00f0 fyrir eldingu.<\/p>

B\u00e1\u00f0ar sk\u00fdringarlei\u00f0ir samr\u00e6mast \u00de\u00f3r sem \u00ferumugu\u00f0i, \u00fear sem hamarsh\u00f6gg hans f\u00e9ll \u00ed hugum manna saman vi\u00f0 \u00ferumu og eldingu. Nafni\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft ber \u00feannig \u00ed s\u00e9r tv\u00ede\u00f0li t\u00f3lsins, sem er \u00ed senn verkf\u00e6ri, vopn og n\u00e1tt\u00faruafl.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3r sem verndari gu\u00f0a og manna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3r var einn \u00feeirra gu\u00f0a sem naut v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kastrar d\u00fdrkunar \u00ed norr\u00e6num tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um. Hann var talinn verndari \u00c1sgar\u00f0s, heims gu\u00f0anna, og Mi\u00f0gar\u00f0s, heims manna. Hlutverk hans var a\u00f0 verja skipulagi\u00f0 gegn m\u00e1ttarv\u00f6ldum \u00f3rei\u00f0unnar, sem birtust \u00ed mynd j\u00f6tna.<\/p>

\u00d6fugt vi\u00f0 \u00d3\u00f0in, sem tengdist fremur v\u00f6ldum, sk\u00e1ldskap og heimi hinna dau\u00f0u, st\u00f3\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3r n\u00e6r b\u00e6ndum og almenningi. Hann trygg\u00f0i ve\u00f0ur og gr\u00f3anda og vernda\u00f0i heimili og b\u00e6i. \u00d6rnefni og mannan\u00f6fn sem v\u00edsa til \u00de\u00f3rs eru \u00fatbreidd um alla Skandinav\u00edu og vitna um \u00feessa v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6ku d\u00fdrkun.<\/p>

S\u00e1 sem bar \u00fe\u00f3rshamar setti sig undir vernd \u00feessa sama gu\u00f0s. Verndargripurinn<\/span> tengdi einstaklinginn vi\u00f0 \u00feann verndarm\u00e1tt sem \u00ed go\u00f0s\u00f6gunum h\u00e9lt heimi manna \u00f6ruggum fyrir andst\u00e6\u00f0um \u00f6flum. Hann var \u00feannig tj\u00e1ning trausts, ekki hr\u00e6\u00f0slu\u00edmynd.<\/p>

Hversu mj\u00f6g hamarinn tilheyr\u00f0i \u00de\u00f3r m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 \u00ed \u00derymskvi\u00f0u \u00far Lj\u00f3\u00f0aeddu. \u00dear er Mj\u00f6lni stoli\u00f0 af j\u00f6tni, og samstundis er heimur gu\u00f0anna \u00ed h\u00e6ttu.<\/p>

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki fyrr en me\u00f0 k\u00e6nskubrag\u00f0i sem \u00de\u00f3r n\u00e6r hamrinum aftur a\u00f0 skipulagi\u00f0 er endurreist. Fr\u00e1s\u00f6gnin s\u00fdnir sk\u00fdrt a\u00f0 hamarinn var ekki einungis eitt vopn af m\u00f6rgum. Hann var trygging \u00f6ryggisins, og missir hans \u00fe\u00fdddi tafarlausa h\u00e6ttu fyrir gu\u00f0i og menn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Form og efni gripsins<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Var\u00f0veittir \u00de\u00f3rshamars-hengir s\u00fdna sk\u00fdrt grunnform. \u00deeir s\u00fdna hamarinn me\u00f0 stuttu skafti og \u00fe\u00e9ttu h\u00f6f\u00f0i, oft me\u00f0 festihring efst \u00e1 skaftinu. \u00deessi hringur s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 stykkin voru borin \u00ed sn\u00faru e\u00f0a ke\u00f0ju um h\u00e1lsinn.<\/p>

\u00cd efnisvali eru silfur og bronsi algengust, en j\u00e1rn, raf og gull koma einnig fyrir, \u00fe\u00f3 sjaldnar. Margir hengir eru einfaldir, a\u00f0rir bera f\u00ednger\u00f0 skreyti \u00far stimplu\u00f0um munstrum, fl\u00farverki e\u00f0a r\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu skrauti. \u00c1 sumum stykkjum er efri endinn ger\u00f0ur sem st\u00edlf\u00e6r\u00f0ur d\u00fdra- e\u00f0a fuglshaus.<\/p>

St\u00e6r\u00f0irnir spanna fr\u00e1 litlum, l\u00e9ttum hengjum til gildari s\u00fdnishorna. \u00deessi fj\u00f6lbreytni \u00ed efni og \u00fatf\u00e6rslu s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn var borinn \u00ed mismunandi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsh\u00f3pum. Einf\u00f6ld j\u00e1rnstykki voru til hli\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 listilega ger\u00f0a silfurhengja hj\u00e1 vel efnu\u00f0um eigendum.<\/p>

Ranns\u00f3knir greina \u00e1 milli nokkurra sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundinna ger\u00f0a sem eru mismunandi \u00ed formi og skreytingu. Sumir hamrar voru bornir stakir, a\u00f0rir voru festir \u00e1 j\u00e1rnhringi sem margir sm\u00e6rri hamrar h\u00e9ngu \u00e1.<\/p>

Sl\u00edkir hamarhringar fundust fyrst og fremst \u00ed Mi\u00f0-Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og eru tengdir \u00e1kve\u00f0num greftrunarsi\u00f0um. Fj\u00f6lbreytni fundanna, fr\u00e1 einf\u00f6ldu j\u00e1rni til f\u00ednger\u00f0s silfurs, s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 hamarinn haf\u00f0i \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00ed \u00fdmiss konar samhengi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Hamarinn sem helgandi verkf\u00e6ri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Verndar\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00de\u00f3rshamarsins byggist ekki eing\u00f6ngu \u00e1 hlutverki hans sem vopns. \u00cd go\u00f0s\u00f6gunum helgar \u00de\u00f3r mikilv\u00e6g umskipti me\u00f0 Mj\u00f6lni. Heimildir greina fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hamarinn hafi komi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu \u00ed br\u00fa\u00f0kaupum, vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0ingar og vi\u00f0 greftranir, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 helga tilefni\u00f0 og setja \u00fea\u00f0 undir vernd.<\/p>

\u00deetta helgandi hlutverk sk\u00fdrir hvers vegna hamarinn var svo vel til fallinn sem verndargripur<\/span>. Hann st\u00f3\u00f0 ekki bara fyrir v\u00f6rn heldur fyrir helgun \u00e1 svi\u00f0i l\u00edfsins. Hamar sem gat blessa\u00f0 br\u00fa\u00f0kaup og f\u00e6\u00f0ingu vernda\u00f0i einnig \u00feann sem bar hann sem t\u00e1kn \u00e1 l\u00edkamanum.<\/p>

\u00deannig tengir \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn saman tv\u00e6r hugmyndir um vernd. Hann er t\u00e1knmynd vopns sem hrekur fjendur \u00e1 brott og jafnframt t\u00e1knmynd \u00e1halds sem helgar og blessar. \u00cd \u00feessari tv\u00f6feldni felst hluti af s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u hans me\u00f0al verndart\u00e1kna nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a.<\/p>

\u00c1hrifamiki\u00f0 d\u00e6mi er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed Snorra-Eddu. Vi\u00f0 greftrun Baldurs gu\u00f0s helgar \u00de\u00f3r b\u00e1lk\u00f6stinn me\u00f0 hamri s\u00ednum.<\/p>

\u00deetta atri\u00f0i s\u00fdnir Mj\u00f6lni sk\u00fdrlega sem helgandi \u00e1hald \u00e1 einu mikilv\u00e6gasta t\u00edmam\u00f3ti, umskiptunum yfir \u00ed dau\u00f0ann. R\u00fanaristur taka einnig upp \u00feessa hugmynd \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e6r bi\u00f0ja efnislega um a\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3r megi helga<\/span> atbur\u00f0inn. Hamarinn sem verndargripur<\/span> bar \u00feessa hugmynd \u00e1 l\u00edkamanum, enda st\u00f3\u00f0 hann fyrir m\u00e1tt til a\u00f0 setja tilefni undir vernd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Verndart\u00e1kn \u00e1 kristnit\u00f6kut\u00edmanum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3rshamarinn f\u00e9kk s\u00e9rstaka \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma \u00feegar kristni breiddist \u00fat um nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0ir. \u00c1 \u00feessu umbreytingaskei\u00f0i m\u00e6ttust bori\u00f0 kross kristinna manna og borinn hamar fylgjenda hinna fornu gu\u00f0a me\u00f0 beinum h\u00e6tti.<\/p>

Ranns\u00f3knir t\u00falka hina \u00e1berandi \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu hamarhengja \u00e1 n\u00edundu og t\u00edundu \u00f6ld a\u00f0 hluta til sem me\u00f0vita\u00f0 svar vi\u00f0 kristna krossinum. Hamarinn var\u00f0 \u00feannig s\u00fdnileg j\u00e1tning \u00e1 hinni fornu tr\u00fa. Athyglisver\u00f0ur fundur s\u00fdnir m\u00f3t \u00ed s\u00f6mu sm\u00ed\u00f0averkst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fear sem b\u00e6\u00f0i kross og hamar var unnt a\u00f0 steypa hli\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0.<\/p>

\u00de\u00f3rshamarinn var \u00feannig meira en varnart\u00e1kn gegn \u00f3g\u00e6fu \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma. Hann var t\u00e1kn sj\u00e1lfsmyndar og tr\u00faarlegrar tilheyrslu. Verndargripurinn<\/span> vernda\u00f0i eigandann og s\u00fdndi jafnframt hva\u00f0a arfleif\u00f0 hann st\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir.<\/p>

Umbreytingat\u00edminn var engin einf\u00f6ld hli\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 tilvist gamallar og n\u00fdrrar tr\u00faar. Heimildir greina fr\u00e1 f\u00f3lki sem \u00e1kalla\u00f0i b\u00e1\u00f0a m\u00e1tta samt\u00edmis og af h\u00f6f\u00f0ingjum sem sveiflu\u00f0ust milli tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0anna. \u00cd \u00feessu umhverfi var\u00f0 hamarinn s\u00fdnileg j\u00e1tning.<\/p>

S\u00e1 sem bar hann s\u00fdndi trygg\u00f0 s\u00edna vi\u00f0 hina fornu gu\u00f0i \u00e1 t\u00edma \u00feegar s\u00fa trygg\u00f0 kraf\u00f0ist \u00ed s\u00edfellu meiri sk\u00fdringa. Verndargripurinn<\/span> f\u00e9kk \u00feannig \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu sem n\u00e1\u00f0i \u00fat fyrir pers\u00f3nulega vernd og t\u00f3k til samf\u00e9lagsins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u00datbrei\u00f0sla og fornleifafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3rshamars-hengir hafa fundist \u00ed miklum fj\u00f6lda, fyrst og fremst \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum, en einnig \u00ed Eystrasaltsl\u00f6ndum, \u00e1 Englandi, \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0um R\u00fassa. \u00deessi v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6ka \u00fatbrei\u00f0sla fylgir lei\u00f0um v\u00edkingaaldar kaupmanna, landnema og hermanna.<\/p>

Fundarsta\u00f0ir eru grafir, bygg\u00f0ir og sj\u00f3\u00f0fundir. \u00cd gr\u00f6finni fylgdi hamarinn hinum l\u00e1tna, \u00ed bygg\u00f0inni var hann hluti af pers\u00f3nulegum b\u00fana\u00f0i hinna lifandi. \u00datbrei\u00f0slan yfir marga \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsh\u00f3pa sta\u00f0festir a\u00f0 um var a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a v\u00ed\u00f0a bori\u00f0 t\u00e1kn.<\/p>

Fornleifaranns\u00f3knir hafa kanna\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn \u00edtarlega og greina \u00e1 milli mismunandi sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundinna ger\u00f0a. \u00deessar ger\u00f0ir gera kleift a\u00f0 t\u00edmasetja og sta\u00f0setja hengina, og gera \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn a\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gri heimild um tr\u00faars\u00f6gu v\u00edkingaaldar.<\/p>

Hamarhengir finnast \u00e1berandi oft \u00ed kvennagr\u00f6fum, sem s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 vernd \u00de\u00f3rs var ekki bundin vi\u00f0 hermenn. Mikilv\u00e6gir fundarsta\u00f0ir eru verslunarsta\u00f0irnir Haithabu og Birka auk sv\u00e6\u00f0isins vi\u00f0 Wolin \u00e1 Eystrasalti.<\/p>

Rafi\u00f0, sem sumir hamrar voru ger\u00f0ir \u00far, v\u00edsar til Eystrasaltssv\u00e6\u00f0isins sem efnisuppsprettu. \u00datbrei\u00f0sla fundanna eftir verslunarlei\u00f0unum sta\u00f0festir a\u00f0 t\u00e1kni\u00f0 fylgdi hreyfingum v\u00edkingaaldarheimsins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

R\u00fanaristur og nafn gripsins<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Nokkur verndart\u00e1kn fr\u00e1 v\u00edkinga\u00f6ld bera r\u00fanaristur sem varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 merkingu \u00feeirra. \u00deekkt er form\u00falan sem \u00ed meginatri\u00f0um segir a\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3r skuli helga<\/span> e\u00f0a vernda. Sl\u00edkar \u00e1letranir s\u00fdna a\u00f0 \u00e1kalli\u00f0<\/span> \u00e1 gu\u00f0inn var tali\u00f0 hluti af verndarm\u00e6ttinum.<\/p>

Lengi vel var \u00f3lj\u00f3st hva\u00f0 f\u00f3lk \u00e1 v\u00edkinga\u00f6ld kalla\u00f0i hamarslaga hengin sj\u00e1lf. Fundur fr\u00e1 Su\u00f0ur-Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 varpa\u00f0i lj\u00f3si \u00e1 \u00feetta. Hamarshengi ber stutta r\u00fanaristu sem tilgreinir hann berum or\u00f0um sem hamar. \u00dear me\u00f0 er sta\u00f0fest a\u00f0 hengin voru \u00ed reynd talin eftirmyndir Mj\u00f6lnis.<\/p>

Sl\u00edkar \u00e1letranir eru f\u00e1g\u00e6tar en mikils vir\u00f0i. \u00de\u00e6r tengja fornleifafundinn vi\u00f0 hina ritu\u00f0u arfleif\u00f0<\/span> og s\u00fdna a\u00f0 hamrarnir sem f\u00f3lk bar og Mj\u00f6lnir go\u00f0sagnanna voru \u00ed hugum f\u00f3lks eitt og sama fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0.<\/p>

\u00deekkt vitni um \u00feetta er verndargripurinn<\/span> fr\u00e1 Kvinneby \u00e1 \u00d6land, l\u00edtil koparplata me\u00f0 lengri r\u00fanaristu. Textinn \u00e1kallar vernd og nefnir \u00de\u00f3r, sem me\u00f0 hamrinum verji gegn \u00f3g\u00e6fu.<\/p>

Sl\u00edkar \u00e1letranir eru s\u00e9rlega uppl\u00fdsandi \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r or\u00f0a verndarhugmyndina berum or\u00f0um. \u00de\u00e6r s\u00fdna a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk skildi hamarinn ekki einungis sem mynd, heldur tengdi hann virkri b\u00f3n um fulltingi sem gu\u00f0inn \u00e1tti a\u00f0 veita me\u00f0 verkf\u00e6ri s\u00ednu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

M\u00f3tt\u00f6kur \u00ed dag<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00de\u00f3rshamarinn hefur lifa\u00f0 v\u00edkinga\u00f6ldina langt fram af s\u00e9r. \u00cd dag er hann eitt \u00feekktasta t\u00e1kn norr\u00e6nnar menningar og er v\u00ed\u00f0a borinn sem skartgripur. \u00cd \u00feeirri notkun stendur hann oft almennt fyrir tengingu vi\u00f0 hinn fornnorr\u00e6na heim.<\/p>

Samt\u00edmis er hamarinn hi\u00f0 helsta t\u00e1kn<\/span> n\u00fat\u00edma hei\u00f0inna hreyfinga sem s\u00e6kja arfleif\u00f0 s\u00edna til hinnar fornu, kristnit\u00f6ku eldri tr\u00faar Nor\u00f0urlanda. \u00cd nokkrum l\u00f6ndum er \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn vi\u00f0urkenndur sem tr\u00faarlegt t\u00e1kn \u00feessara samf\u00e9laga. \u00deannig hefur verndargripurinn<\/span> fengi\u00f0 hlutverk svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed sem krossinn e\u00f0a \u00f6nnur tr\u00faart\u00e1kn hafa.<\/p>

Upprunalega \u00de\u00f3rshamra fr\u00e1 v\u00edkinga\u00f6ld m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 \u00e1 fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum s\u00f6fnum Nor\u00f0ur-Evr\u00f3pu, me\u00f0al annars \u00ed S\u00f6gusafni Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar \u00ed Stokkh\u00f3lmi og \u00e1 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafninu \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn. \u00deeir bera vitni um verndart\u00e1kn sem breyttist \u00far pers\u00f3nulegum verndargrip<\/span> \u00ed varanlegt menningarlegt t\u00e1kn<\/span>.<\/p>

Vi\u00f0urkenning hamarsins sem tr\u00faarlegs t\u00e1kns er \u00ed dag sta\u00f0reynd \u00ed nokkrum l\u00f6ndum. \u00c1 \u00cdslandi hlaut hi\u00f0 hei\u00f0na tr\u00faf\u00e9lag r\u00edkisvi\u00f0urkenningu \u00feegar \u00e1 \u00e1ttunda \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar, og hamarinn stendur \u00fear, eins og v\u00ed\u00f0ar, fyrir lifandi tr\u00faarj\u00e1tningu.<\/p>

\u00cd fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri og safnfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri umfj\u00f6llun er \u00de\u00f3rshamarinn sko\u00f0a\u00f0ur vandlega sem vitnisbur\u00f0ur um tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 v\u00edkingaaldar. \u00deessi hlutlausa framsetning hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita skilning \u00e1 t\u00e1kninu \u00ed hinni upprunalegu, s\u00f6guleg merkingu \u00feess.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t