{"id":169108,"date":"2026-09-05T14:05:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169108"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:32:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:32:27","slug":"konungur-gesar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/konungur-gesar\/","title":{"rendered":"Konungur Gesar"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"169108\" class=\"elementor elementor-169108 elementor-3051 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87d2ada e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87d2ada\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ac6fc8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ac6fc8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422fa97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"422fa97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d166bc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d166bc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Konungur Gesar, t\u00edbetskt hetjulj\u00f3\u00f0<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ce150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10ce150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Konungur Gesar er \u00ed brennidepli umfangsmesta t\u00edbetska hetjulj\u00f3\u00f0sins, sem sagnas\u00f6ngvarar flytja munnlega enn \u00ed dag. Konungur Gesar af Ling (\u00e1 t\u00edbetsku Gling Ge-sar rgyal-po) er go\u00f0sagnakenndur h\u00f6f\u00f0ingi t\u00edbetska \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arlj\u00f3\u00f0sins og er talinn helsta hetjuf\u00edg\u00fara hinnar innas\u00edsku sagnaarfleif\u00f0ar.<\/p><p>Lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 um Gesar er, me\u00f0 yfir millj\u00f3n v\u00edsul\u00ednum \u00ed fyllstu \u00fatg\u00e1fum s\u00ednum, a\u00f0 \u00f6llum l\u00edkindum lengsta lifandi lj\u00f3\u00f0averk heims og var teki\u00f0 \u00e1 lista UNESCO yfir \u00f3\u00e1\u00fereifanlegan menningararf mannkyns \u00e1ri\u00f0 2009. \u00dea\u00f0 er flutt enn \u00ed dag af atvinnus\u00f6ngvurum \u00ed T\u00edbet, \u00ed Mong\u00f3l\u00edu, \u00ed Buryat\u00edu, \u00ed Ladakh og \u00ed B\u00fatan \u00ed m\u00f6rgum \u00fatg\u00e1fum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b0985e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0b0985e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebc04dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ebc04dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gu\u00f0 \/ Gy\u00f0ja: Pers\u00f3nuger\u00f0ur h\u00e6sta m\u00e1ttur \u00ed go\u00f0aheimi menningar, me\u00f0 sk\u00fdrum verksvi\u00f0um \u2014 n\u00e1tt\u00faru\u00f6fl, \u00f6rl\u00f6g, str\u00ed\u00f0, frj\u00f3semi. D\u00fdrka\u00f0ur me\u00f0 helgisi\u00f0um, f\u00f3rnum og hofstofnunum.\">Gu\u00f0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/tibet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00edbetsk-b\u00fadd\u00edsk og b\u00f6n-hef\u00f0 \u2014 yidam, dharmap\u0101la, naga-heimur.\">T\u00edbet<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b6fe9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7b6fe9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1c2f54 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"e1c2f54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Engar undirfyrirsagnir fundust \\u00e1 \\u00feessari s\\u00ed\\u00f0u.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tEfnisyfirlit\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__e1c2f54\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__e1c2f54\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__e1c2f54\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77063d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77063d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da61ab iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5da61ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-170685\" alt=\"Gesar - gu\u00f0ir \u00far T\u00edbet-hef\u00f0inni, s\u00f6guleg-myndl\u00fdsandi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ea962f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ea962f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fdeb0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fdeb0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd6b83c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd6b83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heimildasta\u00f0a og textasaga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6ed28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6ed28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Elstu skriflegu heimildir Gesar-lj\u00f3\u00f0sins eru fr\u00e1 14. til 16. \u00f6ld, en munnleg hef\u00f0 n\u00e6r l\u00edklega mun lengra aftur.<\/p><p>R. A. Stein greindi \u00ed \u00abRecherches sur l&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e et le barde au Tibet\u00bb (1959) hina fl\u00f3knu textas\u00f6gu og s\u00fdndi a\u00f0 lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 er til \u00ed fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundnum \u00fatg\u00e1fum sem v\u00edkja oft miki\u00f0 fr\u00e1 hver annarri. Hin vi\u00f0urkennda mynd, sem var\u00f0veitt er \u00ed dag \u00ed t\u00edbetskum klaustursafnas\u00f6fnum, telur venjulega milli 30 og 120 binda.<\/p>\n\n<p>Per S\u00f8rensen og Andreas Gruschke hafa \u00ed verkum s\u00ednum um t\u00edbetska s\u00f6gu og landafr\u00e6\u00f0i rannsaka\u00f0 tengsl lj\u00f3\u00f0sins vi\u00f0 tiltekna landfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega sta\u00f0i \u00ed Austur-T\u00edbet (Kham, Amdo) og \u00ed landam\u00e6rasv\u00e6\u00f0um a\u00f0 Sichuan, Qinghai og Gansu.<\/p><p>Konungsr\u00edki\u00f0 Ling, \u00fear sem Gesar r\u00edkir, er tengt hinu s\u00f6gulega sv\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 efri hluta Gulaflj\u00f3ts, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nokkur eindregin s\u00f6guleg sta\u00f0festing hafi tekist. Klaus Sagaster hefur \u00ed ranns\u00f3knum s\u00ednum \u00e1 mong\u00f3lskri Gesar-hef\u00f0 rannsaka\u00f0 hvernig lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 barst til mong\u00f3lsku steppanna og a\u00f0laga\u00f0ist \u00fear.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-508239c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"508239c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f77a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60f77a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Efnisleg uppbygging<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30e3a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30e3a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 hefst me\u00f0 himneskri \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um a\u00f0 senda bodhisattva-hetju til jar\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 bjarga landinu Ling, sem er \u00f3gna\u00f0 af p\u00fakum. Gesar f\u00e6\u00f0ist sem sonur gu\u00f0sins Brahma og hinnar mennsku konu Gogmo.<\/p><p>Jar\u00f0neskt nafn hans er Joru, og bernska hans einkennist af ni\u00f0url\u00e6gingu og skorti \u00e1 vi\u00f0urkenningu. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki fyrr en \u00ed hestakapprei\u00f0, sem hann vinnur gegn \u00f6llum l\u00edkindum, a\u00f0 hann er vi\u00f0urkenndur sem konungur Ling og tekur upp konungsnafni\u00f0 Gesar.<\/p>\n\n<p>Meginhlutar lj\u00f3\u00f0sins samanstanda af 18 svok\u00f6llu\u00f0um \u00absigrum\u00bb (\u00abdgra &#8216;dul\u00bb), \u00fear sem Gesar leggur til atl\u00f6gu vi\u00f0 p\u00faka, har\u00f0stj\u00f3ra og fjandsamlega konunga og leggur sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feeirra undir b\u00faddisma.<\/p><p>Me\u00f0al fr\u00e6gustu \u00fe\u00e1ttanna eru sigrunin \u00e1 Hor (\u00ed nor\u00f0ri), sigrunin \u00e1 Mon (\u00ed su\u00f0ri), sigrunin \u00e1 Jang (\u00ed austri) og lokasigrunin \u00e1 j\u00e1rnborginni \u00e1 landam\u00e6rasv\u00e6\u00f0i K\u00edna. \u00cd lokin sn\u00fdr Gesar aftur til himins, me\u00f0 fyrirheiti um a\u00f0 koma aftur sem lausnari \u00e1 t\u00edmum heimsslita.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b972b1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b972b1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf6e3e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf6e3e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00f6gulegar og go\u00f0s\u00f6gulegar lagskiptingar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f188d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f188d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Geoffrey Samuel greindi \u00ed \u00abCivilized Shamans\u00bb (1993) tr\u00faars\u00f6gulega lagskiptingu Gesar-lj\u00f3\u00f0sins og greindi \u00ferj\u00fa megin l\u00f6g. \u00cd hinu forb\u00fadd\u00edska b\u00f6n-lagi birtist Gesar sem gu\u00f0legur konungur me\u00f0 sjaman\u00edsk einkenni. \u00cd b\u00fadd\u00edska laginu er hann st\u00edlf\u00e6r\u00f0ur sem bodhisattva og verjandi dharma. \u00cd s\u00ed\u00f0ara lagi, a\u00f0 hluta s\u00e9rt\u00e6ku fyrir ge-lug-pa og nyingma-pa, er hann tengdur vi\u00f0 Padmasambhava og tantr\u00edsk i\u00f0kanir.<\/p><p>\u00deessi lagskipting sk\u00fdrir spennuna innan var\u00f0veittu \u00fatg\u00e1fanna.<\/p>\n\n<p>S\u00f6guleg sams\u00f6mun Gesars vi\u00f0 k\u00ednverska \u00abCaesar\u00bb (gegnum persneska og \u00fa\u00edg\u00farska millili\u00f0 \u00abKesar\u00bb) er eldri tilg\u00e1ta fr\u00e1 Stein og \u00f6\u00f0rum, sem er stutt af hlj\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edkindum en ekki af sk\u00fdrum s\u00f6gulegum heimildum.<\/p><p>A\u00f0rir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al Lauran Hartley og Pema Bhum, setja hinn s\u00f6gulega kjarna Gesars fremur \u00ed raunverulegan t\u00edbetskan h\u00e9ra\u00f0skonung fr\u00e1 11. e\u00f0a 12. \u00f6ld, sem var\u00f0 upphafinn \u00ed go\u00f0sagnakennda f\u00edg\u00faru. Endanleg ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a liggur ekki fyrir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6f9b6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6f9b6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8280c51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8280c51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flutningsform<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2aef01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2aef01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 er flutt af atvinnus\u00f6ngvurum sem \u00e1 t\u00edbetsku eru nefndir \u00absgrung-mkhan\u00bb e\u00f0a \u00abgling-pa\u00bb. \u00deeir halda \u00fev\u00ed oft fram a\u00f0 hafa ekki l\u00e6rt lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0, heldur m\u00f3tteki\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed draumum e\u00f0a s\u00fdnum.<\/p><p>Sumir s\u00f6ngvarar tilheyra r\u00f6\u00f0 \u00abhausk\u00fapubera\u00bb sem f\u00e1 lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 afhent af \u00f6ndum \u00e1 tiltekinni v\u00edgslust\u00f6\u00f0. Ranns\u00f3knir Hu Jinpu, Yang Enhong og Lauran Hartley hafa skjalfest \u00feessa menningarh\u00e6tti n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega.<\/p>\n\n<p>Flutningst\u00edmi fullkominnar \u00fatg\u00e1fu getur sta\u00f0i\u00f0 yfir \u00ed margar vikur. Einstakir \u00fe\u00e6ttir eru sungnir \u00e1 2 til 12 klukkustundum.<\/p><p>S\u00f6ngvararnir nota hef\u00f0bundna hatta, trommur og beinaflautur og standa \u00ed hef\u00f0 fornra mi\u00f0-as\u00edskra bardahef\u00f0a, sem \u00ed ranns\u00f3knum er borin saman vi\u00f0 \u00abmanaschi\u00bb Kirgistans (Manas-lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0) og \u00aby\u00f6r\u00f6\u00f6lchi\u00bb Mong\u00f3l\u00edu. Klaus Sagaster og Walther Heissig hafa rannsaka\u00f0 tengsl \u00feessara bardahef\u00f0a \u00e1 kerfisbundinn h\u00e1tt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59a4dd6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"59a4dd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d787b8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d787b8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tr\u00faarleg merking<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9ca0a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9ca0a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cd t\u00edbetskri tr\u00faari\u00f0kun er Gesar ekki bara b\u00f3kmenntaleg hetja, heldur helgu\u00f0 pers\u00f3na sem er virk tignu\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0num linum. S\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed nyingma-pa-sk\u00f3lanum og \u00ed nokkrum kagy\u00fc-linum er Gesar talinn str\u00ed\u00f0slega \u00fatgeisla Padmasambhava og verndari l\u00e6rd\u00f3msins.<\/p><p>Til hei\u00f0urs honum eru haldnar verndara\u00f0ger\u00f0ir (gsol-kha) og athafnir (sang-reykingar). Donald Lopez hefur \u00ed \u00abPrisoners of Shangri-La\u00bb (1998) raki\u00f0 hlutverk Gesars \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edma t\u00edbetskri tr\u00faari\u00f0kun og s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 hvernig hann er n\u00fdttur af p\u00f3lit\u00edskum hreyfingum sem \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00e1kn sem stendur fyrir hugmynd e\u00f0a merkingu.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00e1kn<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Robert Thurman hefur \u00ed verkum s\u00ednum um t\u00edbetska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Heildarsafn go\u00f0sagna og gu\u00f0afr\u00e1sagna \u00ed tiltekinni menningu.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> vaki\u00f0 athygli \u00e1 margr\u00e6\u00f0ni Gesar-pers\u00f3nunnar: h\u00fan tengir saman str\u00ed\u00f0slegt hetjuhlutverk, helga\u00f0a vernd, f\u00e9lagslega minningu og p\u00f3lit\u00edska sj\u00e1lfsmynd. \u00cd klausturath\u00f6fnum er Gesar oft s\u00fdndur sem rau\u00f0leitur rei\u00f0ma\u00f0ur me\u00f0 lensu og sver\u00f0i, \u00ed fylgd hv\u00edta hestsins Kyang Bu og 30 hetja sinna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9cc33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df9cc33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06d0e8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06d0e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00datbrei\u00f0sla utan T\u00edbets<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c839d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c839d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gesar-kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkurinn er ekki bundinn vi\u00f0 T\u00edbet, heldur hefur hann n\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu til mong\u00f3lska steppusv\u00e6\u00f0isins, b\u00faryat\u00edska sv\u00e6\u00f0isins vi\u00f0 Baikalvatn, t\u00fav\u00edska tungum\u00e1lasv\u00e6\u00f0isins og til monguor-, salar- og yugur-tungum\u00e1lasamf\u00e9laganna \u00e1 ja\u00f0ri k\u00ednverska r\u00edkisins.<\/p><p>\u00cd Mong\u00f3l\u00edu er kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkurinn kalla\u00f0ur \u00abGeser khaan\u00bb og var \u00fe\u00fdddur \u00ed fullri mong\u00f3lskri ger\u00f0 \u00e1 17. og 18. \u00f6ld. B\u00faryat\u00edska \u00fatg\u00e1fan hefur sjaman\u00edsk einkenni og er talsvert fr\u00e1brug\u00f0in hinni b\u00fadd\u00edsku a\u00f0alt\u00edbetsku ger\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n<p>Walther Heissig hefur \u00ed m\u00f6rgum bindum rannsaka\u00f0 mong\u00f3lska og b\u00faryat\u00edska Gesar-hef\u00f0ina og s\u00fdnt hvernig efnivi\u00f0urinn t\u00f3k \u00e1 sig s\u00e9rst\u00f6k sta\u00f0bundin einkenni \u00ed hverri bygg\u00f0. \u00cd Ladakh er kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkurinn flutur \u00e1 t\u00edbetsku og sta\u00f0bundnum m\u00e1ll\u00fdskum og er tengdur p\u00edlagr\u00edmast\u00f6\u00f0um \u00fear. UNESCO-vi\u00f0urkenningin fr\u00e1 2009 undirstrikar \u00feennan \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0amillibundna karakter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-073fee5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"073fee5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-568986a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"568986a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00fat\u00edmavi\u00f0t\u00f6kur og ranns\u00f3knir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-192990c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"192990c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cd Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ul\u00fd\u00f0veldinu K\u00edna hefur Gesar-kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkurinn veri\u00f0 skr\u00e1\u00f0ur kerfisbundi\u00f0 fr\u00e1 1950 og gefinn \u00fat \u00ed tugum binda. Verk safnara og \u00fatgefenda hefur \u00e1 sama t\u00edma leitt til n\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0ingartilhneiginga, me\u00f0al annars m\u00f3tun \u00absta\u00f0al\u00fatg\u00e1fu\u00bb sem samr\u00e6mist ekki fj\u00f6lbreytileika munnlegu hef\u00f0arinnar. Lauran Hartley og Pema Bhum hafa skjalfest \u00feessa tilhneigingu og fjalla\u00f0 um hana \u00e1 gagnr\u00fdninn h\u00e1tt.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cd evr\u00f3pskum og bandar\u00edskum fr\u00e6\u00f0um hefur Gesar fr\u00e1 t\u00edmum Steins og Heissigs veri\u00f0 lykilranns\u00f3knarsvi\u00f0 innan t\u00edbetfr\u00e6\u00f0a og mong\u00f3lskra fr\u00e6\u00f0a. N\u00fagildandi verk um s\u00f6ngvara, b\u00f3kmenntalega uppbyggingu, samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkum og virkni \u00feeirra \u00ed samt\u00edmanum m\u00e1 finna hj\u00e1 me\u00f0al annars Solomon Mowtschanetz, Yang Enhong og Robin Kornman.<\/p><p>Enska \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin \u00e1 st\u00f3rum hluta kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lksins, gefin \u00fat af Robin Kornman og teymi hans undir titlinum \u00abThe Epic of Gesar of Ling\u00bb (2012), hefur v\u00edkka\u00f0 verulega \u00fat al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur hans.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e24dbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e24dbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e78f666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e78f666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00f3lit\u00edsk misnotkun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c80fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c80fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gesar-kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkurinn hefur \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ldum \u00fej\u00f3na\u00f0 \u00fdmsum p\u00f3lit\u00edskum tilgangi. \u00cd seinni Qing-t\u00edmanum var hann talinn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00e1kn sem stendur fyrir hugmynd e\u00f0a merkingu.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00e1kn<\/span> t\u00edbetsks sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is, \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0veldist\u00edmanum var hann tj\u00e1ning mong\u00f3lsk-t\u00edbetskrar br\u00e6\u00f0ralagshugsj\u00f3nar.<\/p><p>\u00cd Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ul\u00fd\u00f0veldinu K\u00edna er Gesar formlega kynntur sem \u00abhetja hinnar k\u00ednversku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0afj\u00f6lskyldu\u00bb, sem t\u00edbetskir menntamenn eins og Tsering Shakya hafa gagnr\u00fdnt sem tilraun til yfirt\u00f6ku. \u00cd Indlandi og \u00ed t\u00edbetsku \u00fatleg\u00f0inni \u00fej\u00f3nar Gesar sem \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00e1kn sem stendur fyrir hugmynd e\u00f0a merkingu.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00e1kn<\/span> andspyrnu gegn menningarlegri \u00fatm\u00e1un.<\/p>\n\n<p>Innan t\u00edbetskra tr\u00faarhef\u00f0a er kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkurinn einnig p\u00f3lit\u00edskt mikilv\u00e6gur. Nyingma-pa og nokkrar kagy\u00fc-linur leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 Gesar sem verndarherra t\u00edbetsku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, \u00e1 me\u00f0an gelug-pa-hef\u00f0in, sem Dalai Lama tilheyrir einnig, fjallar um kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkinn af meiri fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hann var\u00f0veitir m\u00f6rg fyrirb\u00fadd\u00edsk einkenni.<\/p><p>Geoffrey Samuel hefur greint \u00feessar spennul\u00ednur sem d\u00e6miger\u00f0a birtingarmynd innri fj\u00f6lbreytni t\u00edbetskrar tr\u00faar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4695fd2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4695fd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b02e27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b02e27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00f6ngvarahef\u00f0 og munnleg samsetning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce5353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ce5353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Flytjendur Gesar-kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lksins skiptast \u00ed t\u00edbetsku m\u00e1li \u00ed nokkra flokka: \u00abbabs sgrung\u00bb (s\u00f6ngvarar sem hafa fengi\u00f0 kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum vitranir e\u00f0a trans\u00e1stand), \u00abthos sgrung\u00bb (heyrnars\u00f6ngvarar, sem hafa l\u00e6rt me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hlusta), \u00abdgongs sgrung\u00bb (\u00feeir sem l\u00e6ra me\u00f0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00edkamalaus vera sem talin er hafa \u00e1hrif \u00ed heiminum.\" tabindex=\"0\">anda<\/span>-yfirf\u00e6rslu) og \u00abbrda sgrung\u00bb (t\u00e1kns\u00f6ngvarar, sem vinna me\u00f0 ritstu\u00f0ning).<\/p><p>\u00deessi flokkun kemur fram \u00feegar \u00ed fyrstu sk\u00fdrslum Rolf Alfred Steins \u00ed \u00abL&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e tib\u00e9taine de Gesar dans sa version lama\u00efque de Ling\u00bb (Par\u00eds 1956) og \u00ed \u00abRecherches sur l&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e et le barde au Tibet\u00bb (Par\u00eds 1959).<\/p><p>Stein skjalfestir \u00fear \u00e6vis\u00f6gu einstakra s\u00f6ngvara, sem flestir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1 unga aldri gengi\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum \u00feungan sj\u00fakleika e\u00f0a transupplifun, en eftir hana hef\u00f0u \u00feeim \u201eopnast&#8220; atri\u00f0i kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lksins.<\/p><p>\u00deessi athugun var sta\u00f0fest af Yang Enhong (\u00abA Comparative Study of the Singing Styles of Mongolian and Tibetan Geser\/Gesar Artists\u00bb, 2002) og Lauran Hartley fyrir n\u00falifandi s\u00f6ngvara \u00ed h\u00e9ru\u00f0unum Qinghai og Sichuan.<\/p>\n<p>Geoffrey Samuel s\u00fdndi \u00ed \u00abCivilized Shamans. Buddhism in Tibetan Societies\u00bb (Washington 1993) og \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ara greinasafni s\u00ednu \u00abTantric Revisionings\u00bb (Aldershot 2005) a\u00f0 s\u00f6ngvarategundirnar tengjast me\u00f0 fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum h\u00e6tti sjaman\u00edskum v\u00edgslumynstrum, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 standa \u00ed beinu tengslasambandi vi\u00f0 B\u00f6n-s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingahef\u00f0ina.<\/p><p>Me\u00f0allengd flutnings \u00e1 heilu atri\u00f0i kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lksins er samkv\u00e6mt skr\u00e1ningum Steins \u00e1 milli sex og t\u00f3lf klukkustunda, og heildarkv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lkurinn \u00ed \u00feeim 120 atri\u00f0um sem var\u00f0veist hafa \u00ed dag telur samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1\u00e6tlunum Donald Lopez og Yang Enhong um eina millj\u00f3n v\u00edsna, sem gerir hann a\u00f0 einum umfangsmesta munnlega kv\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00e1lki heims.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56fff50 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56fff50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7005d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7005d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mong\u00f3lskar, b\u00faryat\u00edskar og ladakhi vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-302d3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"302d3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mong\u00f3lska \u00fatg\u00e1fa kvi\u00f0unnar, \u201eGeser Khan\u201c, var flutt munnlega um Mong\u00f3l\u00edu og B\u00farjat\u00edu samhli\u00f0a hinni t\u00edbetsku hef\u00f0 og er var\u00f0veitt \u00ed nokkrum handritager\u00f0um. Mikilv\u00e6gust er \u201ePeking-tr\u00e9\u00ferykks\u00fatg\u00e1fan\u201c fr\u00e1 1716, sem gefin var \u00fat \u00e1 valdat\u00edma Kangxi keisara og setur hir\u00f0menningu Mong\u00f3la \u00ed verndarsamband vi\u00f0 Geser-hef\u00f0ina. Walther Heissig s\u00fdndi fram \u00e1 \u00ed \u201eGeser-Studien.<\/p><p>Untersuchungen zu den Erz\u00e4hlstoffen in den neuen Kapiteln des mongolischen Geser-Zyklus\u201c (Wiesbaden 1983) og \u00ed nokkrum bindum ritra\u00f0arins \u201eAsiatische Forschungen\u201c, a\u00f0 mong\u00f3lskar ger\u00f0ir kvi\u00f0unnar sleppa nokkrum t\u00edbetskum \u00fe\u00e1ttum og b\u00e6ta \u00feess \u00ed sta\u00f0 vi\u00f0 sta\u00f0bundnum mong\u00f3lskum hetjus\u00f6gnum (sver\u00f0 Gesers, bardagi vi\u00f0 Mangus t\u00f3lfh\u00f6f\u00f0a).<\/p><p>B\u00farjat\u00edskir kv\u00e6\u00f0amenn (\u201e\u00fclgershin\u201c) \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feessu eigin kvi\u00f0uhef\u00f0, \u00fear sem Geser ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 himinssyni \u00far nor\u00f0l\u00e6gu steppugu\u00f0aveldi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd Ladakh er var\u00f0veitt s\u00e9rst\u00f6k fr\u00e1sagnarhef\u00f0 sem gefin var \u00fat undir titlinum \u201eKesar Saga\u201c af August Hermann Francke \u00ed nokkrum bindum ritra\u00f0arins \u201eAsiatic Society of Bengal\u201c (1905 til 1909). Francke haf\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed meira en t\u00edu \u00e1r safna\u00f0 munnlegum ger\u00f0um \u00ed Khalatse og Leh og gaf \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fat \u00ed t\u00edbetskri umritun me\u00f0 enskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu.<\/p><p>\u00deessi \u00fatg\u00e1fa er heimildafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega mikilv\u00e6g \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan skr\u00e1ir vestr\u00e6nt ja\u00f0arsv\u00e6\u00f0i hef\u00f0arinnar, \u00fear sem Geser hefur ekki enn veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 fullu felldur inn \u00ed b\u00fadd\u00edskan kenningarramma, heldur var\u00f0veitir einkenni fornrar s\u00f3lar- og konungshetju fr\u00e1 t\u00edma fyrir b\u00faddisma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd96ac9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd96ac9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be9da4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be9da4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00e1knm\u00e1l og myndr\u00e6n framsetning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6868e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6868e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cd myndlistarhef\u00f0inni er Gesar s\u00fdndur sem str\u00ed\u00f0srei\u00f0ma\u00f0ur, oft kl\u00e6ddur j\u00e1rnbrynju, me\u00f0 lensu, boga, fja\u00f0ra\u00f0an hj\u00e1lm og \u00e1 vindfr\u00e1um hesti.<\/p><p>Skj\u00f3ni hans, Kyang Bu, sem er af himneskum uppruna, er fastur \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fr\u00e6\u00f0i um myndefni og merkingu \u00feeirra.\" tabindex=\"0\">helgimyndafr\u00e6\u00f0inni<\/span>. \u00c1 thangka-myndum kemur Gesar \u00f6\u00f0ru hverju fram \u00ed mi\u00f0ju mandala, umkringdur 30 hetjum s\u00ednum og fj\u00f3rum konungum h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1ttanna. Sl\u00edkar myndir eru \u00ed r\u00edkari m\u00e6li sta\u00f0festar fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 17. \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tengingin vi\u00f0 fj\u00f3ra himinskonunga veitir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fr\u00e6\u00f0i um myndefni og merkingu \u00feeirra.\" tabindex=\"0\">helgimyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> Gesars heimsfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega v\u00eddd sem hefur hana yfir hi\u00f0 hreint hetjulega hlutverk. Andreas Gruschke hefur \u00ed ranns\u00f3knum s\u00ednum \u00e1 list Amdo s\u00fdnt a\u00f0 thangka-myndir og veggm\u00e1lverk af Gesar eru mj\u00f6g mismunandi eftir sv\u00e6\u00f0um og a\u00f0 austurt\u00edbetsk klaustur hafa \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0 s\u00e9rlega r\u00edka myndhef\u00f0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3271,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Konungur Gesar","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Konungur Gesar \u2013 T\u00edbetska hetjulj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Konungur Gesar af Ling er hetja lengsta lj\u00f3\u00f0averks heims: T\u00edbet, Mong\u00f3l\u00eda, B\u00fatan. \u00cdmynd Padmasambhava, verndard\u00fdrlingur 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