{"id":169043,"date":"2026-09-05T14:05:05","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169043"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:30:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:30:48","slug":"papatuanuku-jardmodir-maora","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/papatuanuku-jardmodir-maora\/","title":{"rendered":"Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u2013 jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0ir ma\u00f3ra-heimsmyndarinnar"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Papat\u016b\u0101nuku\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u2013 jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0irin \u00ed heimsmynd ma\u00f3ra<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Gy\u00f0ja<\/span>P\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00eda \/ ma\u00f3rar<\/a>Jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku er jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00ed heimsmynd<\/span> ma\u00f3ra. \u00c1samt himinf\u00f6\u00f0urnum Ranginui myndar h\u00fan frumforeldrapari\u00f0, en \u00far \u00fe\u00e9ttu fa\u00f0mlagi \u00feeirra spretta gu\u00f0irnir og allt sem lifir. A\u00f0skilna\u00f0ur hennar fr\u00e1 Ranginui, framkv\u00e6mdur af sameiginlegum sonum \u00feeirra, er hin mi\u00f0l\u00e6ga sk\u00f6punarsaga ma\u00f3ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku er \u00edmynd jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urinnar \u00ed p\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edskri heimsmynd<\/strong> og myndar me\u00f0 Ranginui frumforeldrapari\u00f0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Yfirlit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, oft k\u00f6llu\u00f0 einfaldlega Papa, er \u00ed heimsmynd<\/span> ma\u00f3ra j\u00f6r\u00f0in sj\u00e1lf, hugsu\u00f0 sem kvenleg frum\u00edmynd og m\u00f3\u00f0ir. H\u00fan telst til fyrstu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ar pers\u00f3nuger\u00f0ra m\u00e1ttarvalda sem koma fram eftir a\u00f0 go\u00f0sagnakenndur uppruni alheimsins ver\u00f0ur til. \u00c1samt himinf\u00f6\u00f0urnum Ranginui myndar h\u00fan frumforeldrapari\u00f0 sem gu\u00f0irnir, n\u00e1tt\u00farusv\u00e6\u00f0in og mennirnir eru sprottnir af.<\/p>

Innan tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a P\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edu \/ ma\u00f3ra<\/a> er Papat\u016b\u0101nuku ekki fjarl\u00e6g gu\u00f0leg vera<\/span>, heldur st\u00f6\u00f0ugur, \u00e1\u00fereifanlegur veruleiki: h\u00fan er j\u00f6r\u00f0in sem ma\u00f0ur stendur \u00e1, landi\u00f0 sem n\u00e6rir og moldin sem hinir d\u00e1nu sn\u00faa aftur til.<\/p>

Tr\u00faarfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega tilheyrir h\u00fan v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kri ger\u00f0 jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0ur sem myndar \u00e1samt himinf\u00f6\u00f0ur kosm\u00edskt par. \u00deetta stef<\/span> kemur fyrir \u00ed fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0um P\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edu og v\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>

Einkennandi fyrir heimsmynd<\/span> ma\u00f3ra er a\u00f0 heimurinn er ekki skapa\u00f0ur \u00far engu, heldur \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00ed kynsl\u00f3\u00f0um.<\/p>

Papat\u016b\u0101nuku stendur \u00ed upphafi \u00feessarar \u00e6ttfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu r\u00f6\u00f0, whakapapa<\/em>. \u00deessi \u00e6ttartengsl binda saman gu\u00f0i, land og menn \u00ed eina heild fr\u00e6ndsemi, \u00fear sem ma\u00f0urinn stendur \u00ed n\u00e1tt\u00farunni og er tengdur henni, \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 vera yfir henni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Nafn og or\u00f0sifjar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nafni\u00f0 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku er samsett. Hlutinn papa<\/em> merkir \u00e1 m\u00e1li ma\u00f3ra flatan, \u00fatbreiddan fl\u00f6t, lag e\u00f0a jar\u00f0veg. Hinn hlutinn er venjulega rakinn til t\u016b<\/em>, a\u00f0 standa e\u00f0a vera fastur, og nuku<\/em>, v\u00eddd e\u00f0a \u00fatbrei\u00f0sla. Nafni\u00f0 m\u00e1 \u00feannig t\u00falka sem hina v\u00ed\u00f0\u00e1ttumiklu, fastl\u00e6gu jar\u00f0arfl\u00f6t.<\/p>

Algengt er a\u00f0 stytta nafni\u00f0 \u00ed Papa, sem er nota\u00f0 \u00ed flestum fr\u00e1s\u00f6gnum. Auk \u00feess koma fyrir vir\u00f0ingar- og l\u00fdsandi kenniheiti sem t\u00e1kna Papat\u016b\u0101nuku sem n\u00e6randi m\u00f3\u00f0ur og grunn allrar l\u00edfveru. \u00cd sumum s\u00f6gnum er h\u00fan \u00e1v\u00f6rpu\u00f0 me\u00f0 heitum sem leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 hlutverk hennar sem vi\u00f0takanda hinna d\u00e1nu.<\/p>

N\u00e1in tengsl nafns og verundar eru mikilv\u00e6g \u00ed hugsun ma\u00f3ra: Papat\u016b\u0101nuku er j\u00f6r\u00f0in sj\u00e1lf, ekki gu\u00f0leg vera<\/span> sem r\u00edkir yfir j\u00f6r\u00f0inni.<\/p>

Nafni\u00f0 v\u00edsar \u00feannig samt\u00edmis til pers\u00f3nuger\u00f0rar veru og \u00e1\u00fereifanlegs veruleika. Sama tv\u00ede\u00f0li gildir um Ranginui, himininn. Hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 n\u00f6fn jar\u00f0ar- og himinvera finnast \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum p\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edskum tungum\u00e1lum, sem bendir til sameiginlegs go\u00f0sagnaarfs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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L\u00fdsing og birtingarmyndir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku er s\u00fdnd sem liggjandi kvenvera, en l\u00edkami hennar er landi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft. Fj\u00f6ll, sl\u00e9ttur, \u00e1r og sk\u00f3gar eru taldir hlutar l\u00edkama hennar; hi\u00f0 f\u00f3sturr\u00edka land er hennar n\u00e6randi skaut.<\/p>

\u00cd \u00feessum skilningi er s\u00e9rhver reynsla af jar\u00f0veginum \u00ed senn kynni af jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urinni. H\u00fan kemur fram \u00ed varanlegri st\u00f6\u00f0ufestu jar\u00f0arinnar sj\u00e1lfrar, \u00f6fugt vi\u00f0 gu\u00f0 eins og svikahrapp sem s\u00edfellt breytir gervi.<\/p>

\u00cd s\u00f6gunum um upphafi\u00f0 liggur Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u00ed \u00fe\u00e9ttu fa\u00f0mlagi me\u00f0 Ranginui. \u00dar \u00feessu sambandi spretta b\u00f6rn \u00feeirra, sem lifa inniloku\u00f0 \u00ed myrkrinu milli l\u00edkama foreldranna. Eftir a\u00f0skilna\u00f0inn er Papat\u016b\u0101nuku eftir fyrir ne\u00f0an, sn\u00fain a\u00f0 himninum. S\u00f6knu\u00f0ur hennar eftir hinum a\u00f0skilda maka ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fastri mynd \u00ed munnm\u00e6lahef\u00f0inni<\/span>.<\/p>

Birtingarmyndir Papat\u016b\u0101nuku eru hin \u00e1\u00fereifanlegu fyrirb\u00e6ri landsins: st\u00edgandi \u00feoka yfir votum jar\u00f0vegi, sem er t\u00falku\u00f0 sem andvarp hennar, hl\u00fdjar lindir og eldvirkni innan jar\u00f0arins, gr\u00f3andi jurtir sem l\u00edkami hennar gefur af s\u00e9r.<\/p>

Einnig er ma\u00f0urinn sj\u00e1lfur, samkv\u00e6mt \u00fatbreiddri munnm\u00e6lahef\u00f0<\/span>, m\u00f3ta\u00f0ur \u00far rau\u00f0ri j\u00f6r\u00f0, \u00feannig beint \u00far efni Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, og sn\u00fdr aftur til hennar \u00ed dau\u00f0anum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Go\u00f0s\u00f6gn og arfleif\u00f0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mi\u00f0l\u00e6gi go\u00f0s\u00f6gnin<\/span> um Papat\u016b\u0101nuku fjallar um skilna\u00f0 frumforeldraparins. \u00cd upphafi liggja Papat\u016b\u0101nuku og Ranginui \u00ed svo \u00fe\u00e9ttu fa\u00f0mlagi a\u00f0 ekkert r\u00fam er \u00e1 milli \u00feeirra.<\/p>

B\u00f6rn \u00feeirra, m\u00e1ttugir gu\u00f0legir synir, b\u00faa \u00ed \u00ferengslum og myrkri milli foreldranna og r\u00e1\u00f0gast um hvernig \u00feeir geti n\u00e1\u00f0 lj\u00f3si og r\u00fami. \u00deeir \u00edhuga a\u00f0 dey\u00f0a foreldrana en \u00e1kve\u00f0a s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0 skilja \u00feau a\u00f0.<\/p>

Sonur eftir son reynir a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00fdsta himni og j\u00f6r\u00f0 \u00ed sundur og mistekst. A\u00f0 lokum tekst T\u0101ne, gu\u00f0i sk\u00f3ganna, sem spyrnir bakinu \u00ed j\u00f6r\u00f0ina og f\u00f3tunum \u00ed himininn og lyftir \u00feannig Ranginui upp.<\/p>

Ekki fyrr en \u00fe\u00e1 kemur heimur lj\u00f3ssins til, \u00fear sem l\u00edf ver\u00f0ur m\u00f6gulegt. Annar sonur, T\u0101whirim\u0101tea, gu\u00f0 storma, sam\u00feykkir ekki skilna\u00f0inn og fer upp til f\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00edns, \u00fea\u00f0an sem hann sendir vind og \u00f3ve\u00f0ur gegn br\u00e6\u00f0rum s\u00ednum allt fr\u00e1 \u00feeirri stund.<\/p>

Skilna\u00f0urinn er s\u00e1rsaukafullur fyrir foreldrana b\u00e6\u00f0i. Ranginui gr\u00e6tur, og t\u00e1r hans eru rigningin og d\u00f6ggin; Papat\u016b\u0101nuku sendir stunu s\u00edna upp sem stigandi \u00feoku. \u00deessi gagnkv\u00e6ma s\u00f6knu\u00f0ur \u00fatsk\u00fdrir \u00ed go\u00f0s\u00f6gninni<\/span> hina endurteknu tengingu himins og jar\u00f0ar me\u00f0 rigningu og \u00fa\u00f0a.<\/p>

Um skilna\u00f0inn segir einnig fr\u00e1 \u00ed sk\u00f6punarfr\u00e1s\u00f6gninni sem fr\u00e6\u00f0ima\u00f0urinn Te Rangik\u0101heke skr\u00e1\u00f0i \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld fyrir George Grey, og sem var\u00f0 ein af \u00feekktustu \u00fatg\u00e1funum. \u00de\u00f3 eru til fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundin tilbrig\u00f0i \u00fear sem r\u00f6\u00f0 atbur\u00f0a, hlutverk gu\u00f0anna og einst\u00f6k atri\u00f0i eru mismunandi.<\/p>

\u00c1 undan skilna\u00f0argo\u00f0s\u00f6gninni sj\u00e1lfri kemur \u00ed m\u00f6rgum s\u00f6gnum r\u00f6\u00f0 heims\u00e1standa sem \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00e1\u00f0ur en Jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0irin kemur fram. Fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn Te Rangik\u0101hekes l\u00e6tur \u00e6ttart\u00f6lulega stigr\u00f6\u00f0 fara \u00e1 undan hinni pers\u00f3nulegu f\u00e6\u00f0ingu, \u00fear sem \u00far t\u00f3mi og ey\u00f0u vaxa sm\u00e1m saman n\u00f3tt, leit og hugsun, \u00e1\u00f0ur en Papat\u016b\u0101nuku og Ranginui koma fram.<\/p>

Jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0irin stendur \u00feannig sem fyrsta greinilega birtingarmyndin \u00e1 m\u00f6rkum hins \u00f3skipta frum\u00e1stands og hins skipulag\u00f0a heims, og er \u00fev\u00ed ekki alveg \u00ed upphafi.<\/p>

\u00d6rl\u00f6g barnanna eftir skilna\u00f0inn eru einnig hluti af go\u00f0s\u00f6gninni<\/span>. T\u0101ne, sem lyfti foreldrunum \u00ed sundur, leitar s\u00ed\u00f0ar a\u00f0 hinu kvenlega frumefni til a\u00f0 geta af s\u00e9r mannkyni\u00f0, og myndar a\u00f0 algengri s\u00f6gn fyrstu konuna \u00far rau\u00f0u moldinni, \u00fe.e. \u00far efni Papat\u016b\u0101nuku sj\u00e1lfrar.<\/p>

\u00deannig lokast hringurinn: Ma\u00f0urinn kemur beint \u00far l\u00edkama Jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urinnar, og whakapapa liggur \u00e1n rofs fr\u00e1 henni um gu\u00f0ina til \u00feeirra \u00e6ttb\u00e1lka sem lifa \u00ed dag.<\/p>

Einst\u00f6k iwi, t.d. \u00e1 Taranaki-sv\u00e6\u00f0inu e\u00f0a \u00e1 austurstr\u00f6ndinni, hafa eigin n\u00f6fn \u00e1 hluta\u00f0eigandi verum og leggja hvert s\u00edna \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0ra syni sem meginpers\u00f3nur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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D\u00fdrkun og tilbei\u00f0sla<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ma\u00f3rar \u00feekktu engin musteri<\/span> og enga fasta prestast\u00e9tt fyrir Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u00ed skilningi skipulag\u00f0ra tr\u00faars\u00f6fnu\u00f0a. Tilbei\u00f0sla hennar var felld inn \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kt tr\u00faarlegt kerfi sem stj\u00f3rna\u00f0i sambandi manns og lands. Mi\u00f0l\u00e6gt \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed var hugtaki\u00f0 tapu<\/em>, hin tr\u00faarlega fri\u00f0helgi tiltekinna sta\u00f0a, athafna og t\u00edma, og andst\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess noa<\/em>, hi\u00f0 hversdagslega \u00e1stand.<\/p>

Vir\u00f0ingin fyrir Papat\u016b\u0101nuku kom fram \u00ed b\u00e6num, karakia<\/em>, sem voru m\u00e6ltar fram \u00e1\u00f0ur en j\u00f6r\u00f0 var yrkt, land ruddur, planta\u00f0 og uppskori\u00f0. S\u00e1 sem hreyf\u00f0i vi\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0inni vi\u00f0urkenndi me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann \u00e1tti \u00ed hlut vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urina og ba\u00f0 um velvild hennar.<\/p>

Vi\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6g verk voru fyrstu \u00e1vextir f\u00e6r\u00f0ir a\u00f0 gj\u00f6f. F\u00e6\u00f0ing og dau\u00f0i bundu manninn s\u00e9rstaklega n\u00e1i\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku: Fylgjan, sem \u00e1 ma\u00f3r\u00ed heitir s\u00f6mu or\u00f0i whenua<\/em> og or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir land, var l\u00e1tin aftur \u00ed j\u00f6r\u00f0ina, og hinir d\u00e1nu voru fengnir henni til var\u00f0veislu.<\/p>

\u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmanum hefur tilbei\u00f0sla Papat\u016b\u0101nuku fengi\u00f0 n\u00fdja opinbera merkingu. H\u00fan er \u00e1k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u00ed r\u00e6\u00f0um \u00e1 marae<\/em>, samkomusta\u00f0num, \u00ed kve\u00f0ju til landsins og \u00ed ath\u00f6fnum sem tj\u00e1 \u00e1byrg\u00f0arsamband vi\u00f0 umhverfi\u00f0. \u00deannig tengist hin fornu hugmynd um \u00e6ttartengsl vi\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0ina vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lefni n\u00fat\u00edmans.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Verndara\u00f0ger\u00f0ir og fr\u00e1hrindandi t\u00e1kn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Verndin \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku sn\u00fdst minna um a\u00f0 afst\u00fdra illu en um a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita r\u00e9tt skipulag. Ma\u00f0urinn, sem lifir \u00e1 l\u00edkama Jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urinnar og n\u00e6rist \u00e1 honum, \u00fearf a\u00f0 halda jafnv\u00e6gi milli inngrips og vir\u00f0ingar. \u00deegar \u00feetta skipulag er rofi\u00f0, t.d. me\u00f0 vanvir\u00f0ingu vi\u00f0 tapu-merktan sta\u00f0, er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 \u00f3l\u00e1ni, sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum e\u00f0a a\u00f0 frj\u00f3semi \u00feverri.<\/p>

Verndandi athafnir voru \u00feess vegna a\u00f0allega r\u00e9ttm\u00e6t vir\u00f0ing fyrir tapu og karakia, sem \u00e1h\u00e6ttusamar athafnir voru tr\u00faarlega<\/span> trygg\u00f0ar me\u00f0.<\/p>

Ru\u00f0ningur sk\u00f3glendis, ger\u00f0 gar\u00f0s e\u00f0a greftrun hins d\u00e1na voru umkringd form\u00falum sem \u00e6tla\u00f0 var a\u00f0 vernda manninn fr\u00e1 aflei\u00f0ingum inngripsins \u00ed l\u00edkama Papat\u016b\u0101nuku. \u00c1kve\u00f0nir sta\u00f0ir \u00fe\u00f3ttu s\u00e9rlega m\u00e1ttugir og var \u00feeirra for\u00f0ast e\u00f0a \u00feeir a\u00f0eins heims\u00f3ttir me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum var\u00fa\u00f0arr\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6funum.<\/p>

Mikilv\u00e6gt hlutverk l\u00e9k i\u00f0kun r\u0101hui<\/em>, t\u00edmabundins banns sem sv\u00e6\u00f0i, fiskimi\u00f0 e\u00f0a sk\u00f3glendi var teki\u00f0 \u00far notkun me\u00f0. R\u0101hui verndu\u00f0u b\u00e6\u00f0i au\u00f0lindina og f\u00f3lki\u00f0, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir ofnotkun og koma sambandinu vi\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0ina aftur \u00ed jafnv\u00e6gi.<\/p>

Tr\u00faarfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega s\u00fdnir \u00feetta a\u00f0 vernd \u00ed hugsun ma\u00f3ra sn\u00fdst um samband og h\u00f3fsemi, ekki um t\u00f6fragripi. Landamerki og merktir sta\u00f0ir h\u00f6f\u00f0u einnig minna hlutverk sem verndargripur en sem s\u00fdnileg \u00e1minning um hina tr\u00faarlegu skipan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Whakapapa og sta\u00f0an \u00ed heimsmyndinni<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0eins skilin \u00ed samhengi whakapapa<\/em>, hinnar \u00e6ttfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu skipunar sem ber uppi allt heimsmyndarkerfi Ma\u00f3ra. Whakapapa er miklu meira en \u00e6ttartala: h\u00fan er hugsunarkerfi sem ra\u00f0ar \u00f6llu \u00fev\u00ed sem er til \u00ed \u00e6ttarl\u00ednur.<\/p>

Fj\u00f6ll, \u00e1r, pl\u00f6ntur, d\u00fdr, gu\u00f0ir og menn standa \u00fear \u00ed rekjanlegum skyldleikatengslum. Papat\u016b\u0101nuku er \u00ed \u00feessari skipun ein af elstu nafngreinanlegu verunum og \u00fear me\u00f0 sameiginlegur forfa\u00f0ir alls sem byggir landi\u00f0.<\/p>

Af \u00feessari st\u00f6\u00f0u lei\u00f0ir hagn\u00fdtar aflei\u00f0ingar. \u00c6ttb\u00e1lkur, iwi<\/em>, dregur sj\u00e1lfsmynd s\u00edna af tilteknu fjalli, \u00e1 og landsv\u00e6\u00f0i og nefnir \u00feau \u00ed hinni formlegu sj\u00e1lfskynningu, pepeha<\/em>. \u00dear me\u00f0 v\u00edsar hann jafnframt til Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, \u00fev\u00ed fjalli\u00f0 og \u00e1in eru hlutar l\u00edkama hennar.<\/p>

Samband vi\u00f0 landi\u00f0 er \u00feannig ekki eignarsamband, heldur skyldleikasamband sem skapar b\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00e9ttindi og skyldur.<\/p>

Fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega er athyglisvert a\u00f0 heimsfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> er \u00f3a\u00f0skiljanleg fr\u00e1 samf\u00e9lagsskipulaginu. Sk\u00f6punarsagan um jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urina \u00fatsk\u00fdrir tilur\u00f0 heimsins og sta\u00f0festir jafnframt tengsl hvers samf\u00e9lags vi\u00f0 sitt tiltekna land.<\/p>

Hugt\u00f6k \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 kaitiakitanga<\/em>, \u00e1byrg\u00f0ina \u00e1 umhir\u00f0u tiltekins sv\u00e6\u00f0is, og mana whenua<\/em>, valdi\u00f0 sem sprettur af landtengslum, ver\u00f0a ekki skilin \u00e1n hugmyndarinnar um hina skyldu jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0ur. Papat\u016b\u0101nuku er \u00feannig b\u00e6\u00f0i heimsfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg frummynd og undirsta\u00f0a samf\u00e9lagsskipulags.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum menningarheimum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Frumforeldrapari\u00f0, jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0irin og himnaf\u00f6\u00f0urinn, er \u00fatbreitt um alla P\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edu. \u00c1 Hawaii, \u00e1 F\u00e9lagseyjum og v\u00ed\u00f0ar m\u00e1 finna svipa\u00f0ar verur og sagnir um a\u00f0skilna\u00f0 himins og jar\u00f0ar. \u00deessi samsv\u00f6run bendir til sameiginlegs p\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edsks go\u00f0sagnaarfs sem breiddist \u00fat me\u00f0 bygg\u00f0 Kyrrahafseyja.<\/p>

Utan P\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edu tilheyrir Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u00feeirri jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urger\u00f0 sem er \u00feekkt v\u00ed\u00f0a um heim. \u00cd gr\u00edskri munnm\u00e6lahef\u00f0<\/span> myndar Gaia me\u00f0 himninum \u00daranosi samb\u00e6rilegt par, en n\u00e1in tengsl \u00feeirra eru rofin me\u00f0 valdi af b\u00f6rnum \u00feeirra, minni<\/span> sem er athyglisvert l\u00edkt s\u00f6gu Ma\u00f3ra \u00ed uppbyggingu.<\/p>

Einnig \u00ed m\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0um kemur j\u00f6r\u00f0in fram sem n\u00e6randi m\u00f3\u00f0ir og himinninn sem getandi fa\u00f0ir.<\/p>

\u00cd fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu tilliti er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00e1r\u00e9tta a\u00f0 sl\u00edkar samsvaranir benda ekki til beinna tengsla. \u00de\u00e6r s\u00fdna \u00feess \u00ed sta\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00fa upplifun jar\u00f0ar og himins sem grundvallarandst\u00e6\u00f0u, en jafnframt sem getandi par, er me\u00f0al \u00fatbreiddustu t\u00falkunarmynstra \u00ed heimsmynd<\/span> manna.<\/p>

\u00datg\u00e1fa Ma\u00f3ra sker sig fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum fyrst og fremst me\u00f0 innfl\u00e9ttun \u00ed whakapapa, hina \u00e6ttfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu skipan sem tengir gu\u00f0i, land og menn \u00e1n nokkurs rofs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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N\u00fat\u00edmavi\u00f0t\u00f6kur og ranns\u00f3knir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg umfj\u00f6llun um Papat\u016b\u0101nuku h\u00f3fst \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld me\u00f0 s\u00f6fnun George Greys og hinum umfangsmiklu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu ranns\u00f3knum Elsdons Bests, sem skjalfesti tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 Ma\u00f3ra \u00ed \u00edtarlegum ritum.<\/p>

Edward Tregear lag\u00f0i fram samanbur\u00f0aror\u00f0ab\u00f3k sem ger\u00f0i p\u00f3l\u00fdnes\u00edsk tengsl s\u00fdnileg. S\u00ed\u00f0ari fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn eins og Margaret Orbell r\u00f6\u00f0u\u00f0u go\u00f0s\u00f6gunum kerfisbundi\u00f0 og gagnr\u00fdndu efni\u00f0, og v\u00f6ktu athygli \u00e1 fj\u00f6lbreytileika sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundinna sagna.<\/p>

Eldri ranns\u00f3knir bera a\u00f0 lesa me\u00f0 var\u00fa\u00f0, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00fdlenduritstj\u00f3rar samr\u00e6mdu oft sagnirnar, sl\u00e9ttu \u00far \u00feeim og l\u00f6gu\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e6r a\u00f0 evr\u00f3pskum hugmyndum.<\/p>

Sk\u00f6punarsaga Te Rangik\u0101hekes var\u00f0, me\u00f0 \u00fatg\u00e1fu Greys, a\u00f0 hinni vir\u00f0ist r\u00e1\u00f0andi \u00fatg\u00e1fu, \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan s\u00e9 a\u00f0eins ein af m\u00f6rgum \u00e6ttb\u00e1lkahef\u00f0um. N\u00fdrri ranns\u00f3knir leggja \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 draga fram fj\u00f6lbreytileika \u00e6ttb\u00e1lkanna og raddir Ma\u00f3ra sj\u00e1lfra.<\/p>

\u00cd samt\u00edmanum er Papat\u016b\u0101nuku s\u00fdnileg langt \u00fat fyrir tr\u00faarlega hef\u00f0. H\u00fan er or\u00f0in lykilpers\u00f3na \u00ed menningarlegri sj\u00e1lfsvitund og er \u00e1k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u00ed menntun, list og opinberri umr\u00e6\u00f0u.<\/p>

S\u00e9rstaka athygli hefur hlutverk hennar fengi\u00f0 \u00ed umhverfisstefnu N\u00fdja-Sj\u00e1lands: l\u00f6gleg vi\u00f0urkenning flj\u00f3ta og landslags sem sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ra vera me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttindi tengist beinl\u00ednis hugmyndinni um j\u00f6r\u00f0ina sem \u00e6ttartengdan l\u00edkama, ekki einfaldlega eign. \u00deannig teygir hin fornu go\u00f0s\u00f6gn<\/span> um jar\u00f0m\u00f3\u00f0urina anga s\u00edna inn \u00ed n\u00fdtt samf\u00e9lagslegt samhengi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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