{"id":169041,"date":"2026-09-05T14:05:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169041"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:30:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:30:47","slug":"amitabha-budda-hreina-landsins","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/amitabha-budda-hreina-landsins\/","title":{"rendered":"Amitabha \u2013 B\u00fadda hins hreina lands"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"B\u00faddismi\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Amitabha \u2013 \u00e6\u00f0ri b\u00fadda hins hreina lands Sukhavati<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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B\u00faddi<\/span>B\u00faddismi<\/a>\u00c6\u00f0ri b\u00faddi<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Amitabha, sem \u00ed Austur-As\u00edu er \u00feekktur sem Amida, er \u00e6\u00f0ri b\u00fadda hins hreina lands Sukhavati. Heit<\/span> hans, a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 \u00f6llum verum sem \u00e1kalla hann, myndar grundv\u00f6ll hreinlandssk\u00f3lanna. D\u00fdrkun hans hefur haft mikil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 tr\u00far\u00e6kni<\/span> st\u00f3rra hluta As\u00edu. Amitabha er talinn \u00e6\u00f0ri b\u00faddi hins hreina lands Sukhavati og hefur mikil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 tr\u00far\u00e6kni st\u00f3rra hluta As\u00edu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Yfirlit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Amitabha er \u00ed b\u00faddisma<\/a> einn af mikilv\u00e6gustu \u00e6\u00f0ri e\u00f0a yfirveraldlegu b\u00faddum Mahayana. \u00d3l\u00edkt hinum s\u00f6gulega B\u00fadda Shakyamuni, sem talinn er hafa veri\u00f0 kennari sem starfa\u00f0i \u00ed s\u00f6gunni, er Amitabha pers\u00f3na \u00ed hinni t\u00edmalausu, alheimslegu b\u00faddafr\u00e6\u00f0i. Hann er tengdur hreinu b\u00faddasv\u00e6\u00f0i, hinu hreina landi Sukhavati.<\/p>

Tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilega er Amitabha n\u00e1tengdur \u00fer\u00f3un s\u00e9rstakrar tr\u00far\u00e6kni\u00e1ttar sem n\u00e1\u00f0 hefur mikilli \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu \u00ed k\u00ednverska m\u00e1lsv\u00e6\u00f0inu, \u00ed K\u00f3reu, Japan og V\u00edetnam. \u00deessar hreinlandshef\u00f0ir setja traust \u00e1 heilandi kraft Amitabhas og heits hans \u00ed brennidepli. \u00de\u00e6r teljast me\u00f0al fj\u00f6lmennustu b\u00fadd\u00edskra strauma \u00ed Austur-As\u00edu yfirleitt.<\/p>

Mikilv\u00e6gustu heimildirnar eru \u00fer\u00edr textar sem \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0unum eru kalla\u00f0ir hreinlandss\u00fatrurnar: hi\u00f0 lengra og hi\u00f0 styttra Sukhavativyuha-s\u00fatra<\/span><\/em> auk Amitayurdhyana-s\u00fatra<\/span><\/em>, s\u00fatra<\/span> um \u00edhugun Amitayus.<\/p>

Hi\u00f0 lengra Sukhavativyuha-s\u00fatra<\/span> l\u00fdsir undanfara Amitabhas og heiti<\/span> hans, hi\u00f0 styttra lofsyngur fegur\u00f0 hins hreina lands og r\u00e1\u00f0leggur \u00e1kall nafnsins, \u00feri\u00f0ja l\u00fdsir ferli sj\u00f3nmynda. \u00deessir textar eru sprottnir \u00far indverskum Mahayana, a\u00f0 \u00f6llum l\u00edkindum \u00e1 fyrstu \u00f6ldum eftir Krist, og voru \u00ed Austur-As\u00edu \u00fe\u00fdddir, \u00fatlag\u00f0ir og t\u00falka\u00f0ir \u00edtarlega.<\/p>

Fr\u00e6\u00f0in r\u00e6\u00f0a hvernig Amitabha-d\u00fdrkunin<\/span> var\u00f0 til. Sumar tilg\u00e1tur benda \u00e1 \u00e1hrif lj\u00f3s- og framl\u00edfshugmynda fr\u00e1 nor\u00f0vesturhluta Indlands og Mi\u00f0-As\u00edu, a\u00f0rar leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 innri \u00fer\u00f3un b\u00fadd\u00edskrar kenningar um hina m\u00f6rgu b\u00fadda og b\u00faddasv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feeirra.<\/p>

\u00d6ruggt er a\u00f0 d\u00fdrkunin<\/span> ver\u00f0ur greinanleg \u00ed K\u00edna fr\u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0u og fimmtu \u00f6ld og breiddist \u00fea\u00f0an \u00fat um Austur-As\u00edu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Nafn og or\u00f0sifjar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nafni\u00f0 Amitabha<\/em> er sanskr\u00edt-hugtak og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00f3endanlegt lj\u00f3s. Vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 \u00feess stendur n\u00e1i\u00f0 tengt form, Amitayus<\/em>, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00f3endanlegt l\u00edf.<\/p>

B\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00f6fnin v\u00edsa til s\u00f6mu pers\u00f3nunnar en leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 mismunandi \u00fe\u00e6tti, nefnilega hi\u00f0 endalausa lj\u00f3s og hina endalausu l\u00edfslengd b\u00fadda. \u00cd austuras\u00edskri myndhef\u00f0 er Amitayus a\u00f0 hluta til me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0ur sem sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0 birtingarmynd tengd l\u00f6ngu l\u00edfi.<\/p>

\u00cd Austur-As\u00edu hefur nafni\u00f0 brei\u00f0st \u00fat \u00ed \u00fdmsum tungum\u00e1laformum. \u00c1 k\u00ednversku birtist \u00fea\u00f0 sem Amituofo, \u00e1 jap\u00f6nsku sem Amida, \u00e1 k\u00f3re\u00f6nsku sem Amita og \u00e1 v\u00edetn\u00f6msku \u00ed samsvarandi frambur\u00f0i. Japanska formi\u00f0 Amida hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9rlega \u00feekkt \u00ed vestr\u00e6nni notkun, enda voru jap\u00f6nsku hreinlandssk\u00f3larnir kanna\u00f0ir tilt\u00f6lulega snemma af evr\u00f3pskum og nor\u00f0ur-amer\u00edskum fr\u00e6\u00f0im\u00f6nnum.<\/p>

\u00c1kall<\/span> nafnsins hefur mi\u00f0l\u00e6ga st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed hreinlandsi\u00f0kun. Form\u00falan sem i\u00f0kandinn \u00e1varpar Amitabha me\u00f0 kallast \u00e1 k\u00ednversku Nianfo, \u00e1 jap\u00f6nsku Nembutsu, og \u00ed algengu jap\u00f6nsku formi hlj\u00f3mar h\u00fan Namu Amida Butsu, \u00fea\u00f0 er d\u00fdrkun B\u00fadda Amida.<\/p>

Endurtekin, tr\u00faartraust frams\u00f6gn nafnsins telst \u00ed \u00feessum hef\u00f0um vera mikilv\u00e6g, \u00ed sumum sk\u00f3lum n\u00e6gjanleg form tr\u00faarlegrar i\u00f0kunar. Hugtaki\u00f0 Nembutsu n\u00e1\u00f0i upphaflega einnig yfir huglei\u00f0andi \u00e1stundun b\u00faddans, en \u00ferengdist s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed japanskri hef\u00f0 a\u00f0allega \u00ed munnlegt \u00e1kall<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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L\u00fdsing og myndm\u00e1l<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Amitabha er \u00ed b\u00fadd\u00edskri myndlist oftast s\u00fdndur sem sitjandi e\u00f0a standandi B\u00fadda \u00ed munkaskikkju. Einkennandi er oft rau\u00f0ur l\u00edkamslitur sem greinir hann fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum yfirskilvitlegum b\u00faddum.<\/p>

\u00cd kerfisbundinni skipan hinna fimm b\u00faddafj\u00f6lskyldna, eins og es\u00f3ter\u00edskur b\u00faddismi hefur \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0 hana, er Amitabha eigna\u00f0ur vestrinu, honum eru tengd frumefni\u00f0 eldur, l\u00f3tusinn sem t\u00e1kn<\/span> og yfirst\u00edging losta.<\/p>

Algengar myndger\u00f0ir s\u00fdna hann \u00ed huglei\u00f0slustellingu, me\u00f0 b\u00e1\u00f0ar hendur \u00ed kj\u00f6ltunni, e\u00f0a \u00ed kve\u00f0ju- og m\u00f3tt\u00f6kustellingu, \u00fear sem ein h\u00f6nd er lyft og \u00fatl\u00e6g.<\/p>

S\u00e9rstaklega mikilv\u00e6g austuras\u00edsk myndger\u00f0 er s\u00fa \u00fear sem Amitabha st\u00edgur ni\u00f0ur \u00e1samt fylgdarli\u00f0i \u00e1 sk\u00fdi til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 m\u00f3ti deyjandi manni e\u00f0a hinum l\u00e1tna inn \u00ed Hreina landi\u00f0. \u00deessi sena er \u00e1 jap\u00f6nsku k\u00f6llu\u00f0 Raigo og hefur veri\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6r\u00f0 af mikilli list \u00ed m\u00e1laralist Heian- og Kamakura-t\u00edmabilanna.<\/p>

Amitabha kemur oft fram \u00ed \u00fer\u00edeyki sem kallast Amida-\u00ferenningin. Vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 hans standa bodhisattvarnir Avalokiteshvara, sem er \u00edmynd me\u00f0aumkunar, og Mahasthamaprapta, sem t\u00e1knar kraft viskunnar. \u00deessi h\u00f3pur er mj\u00f6g algengur \u00ed hofum Austur-As\u00edu og dregur saman \u00ed myndr\u00e6nu formi kjarnabo\u00f0skap Hreina landsins-kenningarins.<\/p>

St\u00f3rar Amitabha-styttur, eins og st\u00f3ri B\u00faddinn \u00ed Kamakura, eru me\u00f0al \u00feekktustu myndverka austuras\u00edsks b\u00faddisma. \u00cd T\u00edbet er Amitabha einnig til sta\u00f0ar, \u00fear er Panchen Lama talinn vera \u00edmynd hans.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Go\u00f0sagnakenndar fr\u00e1sagnir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Meginfr\u00e1s\u00f6gnin sem lengri Sukhavativyuha-sutra<\/span><\/em> greinir fr\u00e1 l\u00fdsir fors\u00f6gu Amitabha. Fyrir \u00f3endanlega l\u00f6ngu s\u00ed\u00f0an bj\u00f3, samkv\u00e6mt munnm\u00e6lum<\/span>, konungur sem heyr\u00f0i kenningu \u00fe\u00e1verandi b\u00faddha a\u00f0 nafni Lokeshvararaja, afsala\u00f0i s\u00e9r \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 v\u00f6ldum og gekk \u00ed munkaregluna undir nafninu Dharmakara.<\/p>

Undir lei\u00f0s\u00f6gn \u00feessa b\u00faddha \u00e1kva\u00f0 hann a\u00f0 stefna sj\u00e1lfur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last b\u00faddhae\u00f0li og reisa eigi\u00f0 b\u00faddhasv\u00e6\u00f0i sem myndi bera af \u00f6llum \u00feeim sem fyrir voru a\u00f0 fullkomnun.<\/p>

Dharmakara l\u00e9t kennara sinn s\u00fdna s\u00e9r \u00f3teljandi b\u00faddhasv\u00e6\u00f0i og strengdi \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 r\u00f6\u00f0 heita \u00fear sem hann skilgreindi eiginleika Hins Hreina Lands og skilyr\u00f0i endurf\u00e6\u00f0ingar \u00fear.<\/p>

\u00cd \u00fatbreiddum textum er fj\u00f6ldi \u00feessara heita<\/span> sag\u00f0ur fj\u00f6rut\u00edu og \u00e1tta. \u00deau var\u00f0a me\u00f0al annars fjarveru \u00fej\u00e1ningarfullra tilverustiga \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sv\u00e6\u00f0i, andlega h\u00e6fileika \u00edb\u00faa \u00feess og vissuna um a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00fear fullri upplj\u00f3mun.<\/p>

Me\u00f0al \u00feessara heita er eitt sem hefur s\u00e9rstaka \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu fyrir s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00edma hollustu vi\u00f0 Hreina Landi\u00f0, samkv\u00e6mt jap\u00f6nsku talningunni \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1tj\u00e1nda. \u00dear heitir Dharmakara \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f6ll verur sem beini huga s\u00ednum til hans af trausti og einl\u00e6gni og \u00e1kalli nafn hans skuli endurf\u00e6\u00f0ast \u00ed b\u00faddhasv\u00e6\u00f0i hans.<\/p>

Munkurinn l\u00fdsti \u00fev\u00ed yfir a\u00f0 hann myndi a\u00f0eins taka vi\u00f0 b\u00faddhae\u00f0li ef \u00feetta heit<\/span> reyndist framkv\u00e6manlegt. \u00dear me\u00f0 er virkni heitsins bundin \u00feeirri sta\u00f0reynd a\u00f0 Dharmakara hafi \u00ed raun n\u00e1\u00f0 b\u00faddhae\u00f0li.<\/p>

Eftir \u00f3endanlega langa i\u00f0kun n\u00e1\u00f0i Dharmakara b\u00faddhae\u00f0li og var\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 Amitabha. \u00dear me\u00f0 telst b\u00faddhasv\u00e6\u00f0i hans, Hi\u00f0 Hreina Land Sukhavati, sem hugsa\u00f0 er sta\u00f0sett \u00ed vestri, or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 veruleika og heit<\/span> hans tali\u00f0 virkt.<\/p>

Sutrurnar um Hreina Landi\u00f0 l\u00fdsa \u00feessu Hreina Landi sem sta\u00f0 einstakrar fegur\u00f0ar, me\u00f0 tj\u00f6rnum \u00far e\u00f0alsteinum, trj\u00e1m \u00far d\u00fdrm\u00e6tum efnum, hlj\u00f3mfagurri t\u00f3nlist og andr\u00famslofti \u00fear sem kenningin er alls sta\u00f0ar heyranleg. \u00deeir sem \u00fear endurf\u00e6\u00f0ast r\u00edsa upp \u00far l\u00f3tusbl\u00f3mum og finna a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fear sem vegurinn til upplj\u00f3munar liggur \u00e1n hindrana.<\/p>

Mikilv\u00e6gt fyrir tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegan skilning er a\u00f0 kenning Hreina Landsins telur \u00feetta Hreina Land ekki endanlegt takmark heldur sta\u00f0 \u00fear sem verurnar geta \u00f3\u00e1reittar unni\u00f0 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 fullri upplj\u00f3mun, lausar vi\u00f0 hindranir og truflanir hinna venjulegu tilverusvi\u00f0a.<\/p>

Fr\u00e1s\u00f6gnin af Dharmakara leggur \u00feannig grunn a\u00f0 frelsunars\u00fdn sem beinist einkum a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki sem finnst eigin kraftar \u00f3fulln\u00e6gjandi \u00e1 \u00feessari erfi\u00f0u \u00f6ld.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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D\u00fdrkun og tilbei\u00f0sla<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tilbei\u00f0sla Amitabha (Amitabha) hefur \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00ed sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ar sk\u00f3lahef\u00f0ir, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed Austur-As\u00edu. \u00cd K\u00edna mynda\u00f0ist Hreinlandshef\u00f0in sem v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6k tr\u00faari\u00f0kun sem n\u00e1\u00f0i mikilli \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu einnig utan klausturhringja.<\/p>

Me\u00f0al mikilv\u00e6gra frumkv\u00f6\u00f0la eru Huiyuan, sem \u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0u \u00f6ld stofna\u00f0i samf\u00e9lag til sameiginlegrar tilbei\u00f0slu, auk Tanluan, Daochuo og Shandao, sem \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u kenninguna \u00e1 skipulegan h\u00e1tt. \u00cd K\u00edna rann Hreinlandsi\u00f0kunin oft saman vi\u00f0 huglei\u00f0slusk\u00f3lann Chan \u00ed eina samsetta \u00e6fingara\u00f0fer\u00f0.<\/p>

\u00cd Japan myndu\u00f0ust \u00e1 mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ir Hreinlandssk\u00f3lar. Honen stofna\u00f0i \u00e1 t\u00f3lftu \u00f6ld Jodo-shu og setti nafna\u00e1kalli\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6ndvegi sem eina nau\u00f0synlega i\u00f0kun.<\/p>

L\u00e6risveinn hans Shinran stofna\u00f0i Jodo-Shinshu, sem leggur enn meiri \u00e1herslu \u00e1 traustfullt hv\u00edld \u00ed m\u00e6tti heitsins og l\u00e6tur eigin \u00e1reynslu v\u00edkja. \u00deessir sk\u00f3lar ur\u00f0u me\u00f0al fj\u00f6lmennustu b\u00fadd\u00edskra hef\u00f0a \u00ed Japan. \u00cd K\u00f3reu og V\u00edetnam er tilbei\u00f0sla Amitabha einnig r\u00f3tgr\u00f3in, \u00fear oftast samofin v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kari b\u00fadd\u00edskum ramma.<\/p>

A\u00f0ali\u00f0kunin er \u00e1kalli\u00f0<\/span> \u00e1 nafninu. \u00cd hinum \u00fdmsu sk\u00f3lum er misjafnlega l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 hlutverk eigin \u00e1reynslu og hlutverk trausts \u00e1 m\u00e6tti heitsins.<\/p>

Sumar hef\u00f0ir leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0a, teljandi endurtekningu nafna\u00e1kallsins, a\u00f0rar setja fram eitt andartak traustfullrar tr\u00faar og skilja frekara \u00e1kall<\/span> sem tj\u00e1ningu \u00feakkl\u00e6tis.<\/p>

\u00cd tr\u00faarl\u00edfinu eru b\u00e6nastundir fyrir myndum af Amitabha, upplestur Hreinlandss\u00fatra og s\u00e9rstakar athafnir \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 dau\u00f0a og deyjandi \u00fatbreiddar. Hugmyndin um a\u00f0 Amitabha taki \u00e1 m\u00f3ti hinum l\u00e1tnum hefur haft dj\u00fap \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fatfarar- og minningarmenningu \u00ed nokkrum austur-as\u00edskum samf\u00e9l\u00f6gum.<\/p>

\u00cd Japan er tenging vi\u00f0 Amitabha enn s\u00fdnileg \u00ed m\u00f6rgum \u00fatfararath\u00f6fnum. Ver\u00f0leikaflutningur fyrir hina l\u00e1tnu og endurtekning nafnaform\u00falunnar \u00e1 minningard\u00f6gum eru fastir li\u00f0ir i\u00f0kunarinnar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Verndara\u00f0ger\u00f0ir og fr\u00e1hrindandi t\u00e1kn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00cd kringum tilbei\u00f0slu Amitabha (Amitabha) finnast venjur sem \u00ed tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0um<\/span> eru l\u00fdst sem ap\u00f3tr\u00f3p\u00edsk<\/span> e\u00f0a frelsismi\u00f0u\u00f0. \u00dear \u00e1 me\u00f0al eru \u00e1kalli\u00f0<\/span> \u00e1 nafninu, upplestur s\u00fatra og uppsetning mynda \u00ed hofum og heimilis\u00f6lturum.<\/p>

Tilbi\u00f0jendur skilja \u00feessar venjur sem tj\u00e1ningu trausts \u00e1 frelsandi m\u00e6tti heitsins og sem v\u00f6rn gegn \u00f3tta, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00f3tta vi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00e1ningarfulla endurf\u00e6\u00f0ingu.<\/p>

S\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 dau\u00f0ann f\u00e6r \u00e1kalli\u00f0<\/span> \u00e1 Amitabha mikilv\u00e6ga \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu. \u00cd m\u00f6rgum hef\u00f0um er hinum deyjandi hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 af a\u00f0standendum e\u00f0a munkum a\u00f0 stefna huganum a\u00f0 Amitabha \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu andart\u00f6kunum, til d\u00e6mis me\u00f0 sameiginlegum upplestri nafnaform\u00falunnar e\u00f0a me\u00f0 mynd af hinni ni\u00f0urst\u00edgandi Amida-\u00ferenningu vi\u00f0 d\u00e1narbe\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/p>

\u00deetta er skili\u00f0 sem undirb\u00faningur fyrir vona\u00f0a endurf\u00e6\u00f0ingu \u00ed Hreina landinu. \u00cd kenningu Shinrans er frelsandi andartaki\u00f0 aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti ekki bundi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 d\u00e1narstundina, heldur bundi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 andartak einl\u00e6gs trausts \u00ed l\u00edfinu sj\u00e1lfu.<\/p>

Tr\u00faars\u00f6gulega er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 h\u00e9r er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a hef\u00f0bundnar tr\u00faarhugmyndir og tr\u00faarlegar venjur. Fagleg framsetning l\u00fdsir \u00feeim sem hluta af b\u00fadd\u00edskri hef\u00f0, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 eigna \u00feeim hlutl\u00e6g, sannreynanleg \u00e1hrif. V\u00edsindalega \u00e1hugavert er fyrst og fremst hvernig Hreinlandsi\u00f0kunin setur dau\u00f0ann inn \u00ed bur\u00f0armiki\u00f0 samhengi merkingar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg t\u00falkun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hreinlandskenningin m\u00e1 skilja fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega sem svar vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0nu vandam\u00e1li. H\u00fan byggir \u00e1 \u00feeirri hugmynd a\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edminn s\u00e9 hnignandi t\u00edmaskei\u00f0, \u00fear sem flestu f\u00f3lki skortir kraft til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingu me\u00f0 eigin i\u00f0kun, til d\u00e6mis me\u00f0 langri huglei\u00f0slu\u00fej\u00e1lfun.<\/p>

Me\u00f0 \u00feetta \u00ed huga a\u00f0greinir hef\u00f0in milli vegar eigin krafts og vegar hins m\u00e1ttar annars, \u00fe.e. traustsins \u00e1 hj\u00e1lpinni sem virk er \u00ed heiti<\/span> Amitabha.<\/p>

\u00deessi a\u00f0greining myndar \u00e1sinn sem sk\u00f3larnir dreifast um. Honen skildi nafna\u00e1kalli\u00f0 sem \u00fe\u00e1 i\u00f0kun sem h\u00e6f\u00f0i hnignandi t\u00edmaskei\u00f0inu, valda af Amitabha sj\u00e1lfum.<\/p>

Shinran gekk skrefi lengra og t\u00falka\u00f0i trausti\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft sem gj\u00f6f fr\u00e1 Amitabha, \u00feannig a\u00f0 einnig tr\u00fain birtist ekki sem eigin afrek. A\u00f0rar hef\u00f0ir, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 k\u00ednversku sv\u00e6\u00f0i, h\u00e9ldu fast vi\u00f0 samvirkni i\u00f0kunar og n\u00e1\u00f0ar.<\/p>

Kenningarlega er grundvallar b\u00fadd\u00edskur rammi \u00f3breyttur. Hreina landi\u00f0 er ekki eil\u00edfur himinn og Amitabha er ekki skapari-gu\u00f0. Sukhavati er talinn s\u00e9rstaklega hagst\u00e6\u00f0ur i\u00f0kunarsta\u00f0ur, skapa\u00f0ur me\u00f0 heiti<\/span> B\u00fadda, \u00fea\u00f0an sem sj\u00e1lft markmi\u00f0i\u00f0, full uppl\u00fdsing og \u00fatslokknun \u00fej\u00e1ningarins, er n\u00e1\u00f0.<\/p>

Heimspekileg \u00edhugun hefur auk \u00feess bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 Amitabha og Hreina landi\u00f0 ver\u00f0i \u00e1 endanum ekki hugsu\u00f0 utan hugarins, sem tengir Hreinlandskenninguna vi\u00f0 huglei\u00f0slusk\u00f3lana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum menningarheimum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hugmyndin um hreint, handanverandi svi\u00f0 sem grei\u00f0ir lei\u00f0ina a\u00f0 endanlegri hj\u00e1lpr\u00e6\u00f0i kallar \u00e1 samanbur\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar tr\u00faarhef\u00f0ir. Fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn hafa tengt Hreina landi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 parad\u00edsarhugmyndir handan vi\u00f0 gr\u00f6f og dau\u00f0a \u00far \u00fdmsum hef\u00f0um.<\/p>

Sl\u00edkur samanbur\u00f0ur \u00fearf a\u00f0 taka vandlega mi\u00f0 af mismunandi kenningarlegum einkennum, \u00fev\u00ed Hreina landi\u00f0 er ekki skili\u00f0 sem eil\u00edft takmark heldur sem hagst\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00e6fingarsta\u00f0ur, og Amitabha er ekki gu\u00f0 sem skapar heiminn.<\/p>

\u00c1herslan \u00e1 traust og hollustu \u00ed hreinlands-sk\u00f3lunum, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed kenningu Shinrans, hefur einnig veri\u00f0 miki\u00f0 til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knum.<\/p>

Fyrri t\u00falkanir, sem settu \u00feessa gu\u00f0hr\u00e6\u00f0ni<\/span> of flj\u00f3tt \u00ed samhengi vi\u00f0 hugt\u00f6k annarra tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a og t\u00falku\u00f0u hana a\u00f0 hluta sem \u00e1hrif utan fr\u00e1, eru n\u00fa taldar of einfaldar. N\u00fdrri ranns\u00f3knir leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0a innri b\u00fadd\u00edska r\u00f6kv\u00edsi hreinlands-kenningarinnar og r\u00e6tur hennar \u00ed Mahayana.<\/p>

Innan b\u00faddismans<\/a> stendur Amitabha \u00ed r\u00f6\u00f0 hinna handanverandi B\u00faddha og er hluti af kerfi hinna fimm B\u00faddafj\u00f6lskyldna. Samanbur\u00f0urinn vi\u00f0 hinn s\u00f6gulega B\u00fadda Shakyamuni s\u00fdnir gl\u00f6ggt muninn \u00e1 s\u00f6gulegri og handanverandi B\u00fadda\u00edmynd.<\/p>

Samanbur\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 tilbei\u00f0slu annarra B\u00fadda og b\u00f3dh\u00edsattva, svo sem hins l\u00e6knisfr\u00f3\u00f0a B\u00fadda Bhaishajyaguru e\u00f0a hins komandi B\u00fadda Maitreya, s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 austuras\u00edsk gu\u00f0hr\u00e6\u00f0ni<\/span> \u00feekkir heilt landslag sl\u00edkra hj\u00e1lpr\u00e6\u00f0isvera, og innan \u00feess dr\u00f3 Amitabha a\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00fatbreiddasta d\u00fdrkun<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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N\u00fat\u00edmavi\u00f0t\u00f6kur og ranns\u00f3knir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Amitabha er mj\u00f6g \u00e1berandi \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edma tr\u00faarlegri menningu Austur-As\u00edu. Hreinlands-sk\u00f3larnir eru me\u00f0al \u00fatbreiddustu b\u00fadd\u00edskra stefna \u00ed m\u00f6rgum l\u00f6ndum, og \u00ed Japan mynda \u00feeir st\u00f3ran hluta allra b\u00fadd\u00edskra samf\u00e9laga. \u00c1kalli\u00f0<\/span> \u00e1 nafninu, gu\u00f0sh\u00fasagu\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3nustur og minningarathafnir eru fastur \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed tr\u00faarlegu daglegu l\u00edfi margra og tengsl vi\u00f0 Amitabha m\u00f3ta enn \u00fatfararmenningu.<\/p>

Vegna f\u00f3lksflutninga og aukins \u00e1huga \u00e1 b\u00faddisma hafa hreinlands-hef\u00f0irnar einnig n\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu utan As\u00edu, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku, \u00feanga\u00f0 sem japanskir innflytjendur b\u00e1ru Jodo-Shinshu \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu og tuttugustu \u00f6ld.<\/p>

V\u00edsindalega er kanna\u00f0 hvernig \u00feessar hef\u00f0ir \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00e1fram undir n\u00fdjum menningarlegum kringumst\u00e6\u00f0um, hvernig \u00fe\u00e6r tengjast \u00f6\u00f0rum b\u00fadd\u00edskum stefnum og hvernig \u00fe\u00e6r mi\u00f0la kenningu sinni \u00ed fj\u00f6lhyggjusamf\u00e9l\u00f6gum.<\/p>

Fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar ranns\u00f3knir fjalla um textas\u00f6gu hreinlands-s\u00fatrana og hinar \u00fdmsu indversku og k\u00ednversku \u00fatg\u00e1fur \u00feeirra, um tilur\u00f0 hinna einst\u00f6ku sk\u00f3la og um spurninguna um samband eigin \u00e1taks og traustrar hollustu.<\/p>

Mikilv\u00e6gt svi\u00f0 er gagnr\u00fdnin \u00farvinnsla fyrri vestr\u00e6nna t\u00falkana sem sko\u00f0u\u00f0u hreinlands-gu\u00f0hr\u00e6\u00f0ni<\/span> me\u00f0 framandi gleraugum. Amitabha er \u00feannig \u00e1fram mikilv\u00e6gt vi\u00f0fangsefni b\u00faddismafr\u00e6\u00f0a og samanbur\u00f0ar-tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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