{"id":169035,"date":"2026-09-05T14:05:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169035"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:30:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:30:38","slug":"sin-tunggud-ur-harran","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/sin-tunggud-ur-harran\/","title":{"rendered":"Sin \u2013 tungu\u00f0 Ur og Harran"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Sin\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Sin \u2013 mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edskur tungu\u00f0 og herra n\u00e6turins<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Gu\u00f0<\/span>Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00eda<\/a>Tunggy\u00f0ja<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nSin (einnig tungu\u00f0inn Nanna \u00ed s\u00famerska go\u00f0aheiminum<\/span>) var pers\u00f3nugervingur m\u00e1nans og \u00fear me\u00f0 reglu t\u00edmans. Sem herra n\u00e6turhimins stj\u00f3rna\u00f0i hann m\u00e1nu\u00f0um og h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0um, var talinn vitur teljari daganna og fa\u00f0ir mikilv\u00e6gra gu\u00f0a \u00ed bab\u00fdlonska go\u00f0aheiminum. \u00cd Ur og Harran h\u00e9ldust helgihald hans allt fram \u00e1 langt inn \u00ed \u00edslamska s\u00ed\u00f0forn\u00f6ld<\/span>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Yfirlit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sin, \u00e1 s\u00famersku kalla\u00f0ur Nanna e\u00f0a Suen, er ein af elstu og varanlegustu go\u00f0um Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edu<\/a>. Sem gu\u00f0 m\u00e1nans haf\u00f0i hann s\u00e9rstaka st\u00f6\u00f0u innan go\u00f0aheimsins, \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e1ninn skipulag\u00f0i t\u00edmatali\u00f0 og \u00fear me\u00f0 allt tr\u00faarlegt og efnahagslegt l\u00edf.<\/p>

\u00cd gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri kerfisbindingu var Sin talinn sonur Enlils og Ninlils, og var hann \u00feannig fastur hluti af \u00e6\u00f0stu gu\u00f0afj\u00f6lskyldunni.<\/p>

Fr\u00e1 Sin komu fleiri mikilv\u00e6gir gu\u00f0ir. Barn hans var s\u00f3lgu\u00f0inn Shamash, og einnig gy\u00f0jan Ishtar \u00ed mynd sinni sem Venusstjarna.<\/p>

\u00deannig st\u00f3\u00f0 Sin vi\u00f0 upphaf \u00feeirra himnagu\u00f0a sem voru mi\u00f0l\u00e6gir \u00ed mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edskri stj\u00f6rnutr\u00fa. M\u00e1ninn sem fa\u00f0ir s\u00f3lar og Venusar s\u00fdnir hversu mikils virt n\u00e6turhimininn var \u00ed \u00feessari menningu.<\/p>

Tr\u00faars\u00f6gulega er endurkoma Sin-d\u00fdrkunarins athyglisver\u00f0. Me\u00f0an a\u00f0rir gu\u00f0ir minnku\u00f0u \u00ed mikilv\u00e6gi, h\u00e9lt Sin traustum fylgjendum \u00ed \u00fe\u00fasundir \u00e1ra. S\u00e9rstaklega helgista\u00f0urinn<\/span> \u00ed Harran \u00ed nor\u00f0urhluta Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edu var lifandi mi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0 tunglstilbei\u00f0slu allt fram \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0forn\u00f6ld<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Nafn og or\u00f0sifjar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Gu\u00f0inn bar tv\u00f6 megin n\u00f6fn, en hlutfall \u00feeirra hefur lengi veri\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knarefni. S\u00famerska nafni\u00f0 Nanna er hi\u00f0 eldra; vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 \u00feess stendur formi\u00f0 Suen, sem me\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0breytingum \u00ed akkad\u00edsku var\u00f0 nafni\u00f0 Sin. \u00cd m\u00f6rgum textum kemur rith\u00e1ttur fram sem sameinar t\u00e1knin fyrir Nanna og Suen.<\/p>

N\u00e1kv\u00e6m merking nafnsins Nanna er ekki fullkomlega sk\u00fdr. Lag\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 til t\u00falkanir sem tengja \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 sk\u00ednandi himintungli\u00f0 e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 or\u00f0 fyrir lj\u00f3ma og tign. Fyrir Suen er or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0in l\u00edka \u00f3vissa. Mikilv\u00e6gara en m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega aflei\u00f0slan er s\u00fa athugun a\u00f0 b\u00e1\u00f0ir n\u00f6fnin voru notu\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum alla mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edska s\u00f6gu, oft samhli\u00f0a.<\/p>

Sin bar m\u00f6rg vi\u00f0urnefni sem l\u00fdsa hlutverkum hans. Hann var kalla\u00f0ur hinn sk\u00ednandi tarfur, herra k\u00f3r\u00f3nunnar, hinn vitri herra e\u00f0a teljari daganna. Tengslin vi\u00f0 tarfinn koma fr\u00e1 m\u00e1nasig\u00f0inni, sem a\u00f0 l\u00f6gun minnti \u00e1 tarfshorn. \u00deessar myndir gegns\u00fdra s\u00e1lma og b\u00e6nir og m\u00f3ta tr\u00faarlegan skilning \u00e1 gu\u00f0inum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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L\u00fdsing og myndm\u00e1l<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hi\u00f0 sk\u00fdra og \u00ed gegnum aldirnar st\u00f6\u00f0uga t\u00e1kn<\/span> Sins er liggjandi m\u00e1nasig\u00f0in. H\u00fan kemur fyrir \u00e1 s\u00edvalningsseglum, landamerkjasteinum, st\u00f3lpum og \u00ed helgid\u00f3mslist. Oft er sig\u00f0in s\u00fdnd \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt a\u00f0 h\u00fan minnir \u00e1 b\u00e1t, sem samr\u00e6mist \u00feeirri hugmynd a\u00f0 tungu\u00f0inn fer\u00f0ist um n\u00e6turhimininn eins og \u00e1 vatnsfari.<\/p>

\u00cd mannlegum myndum kemur Sin fram sem skeggja\u00f0ur gu\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e1s\u00e6ti me\u00f0 horna\u00f0ri k\u00f3r\u00f3nu. Sumar myndir s\u00fdna hann me\u00f0 h\u00e1lfm\u00e1na yfir h\u00f6f\u00f0inu e\u00f0a \u00ed hendi.<\/p>

\u00c1 bab\u00fdlonskum landamerkjasteinum, hinum svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u k\u00fad\u00farrum, er m\u00e1nasig\u00f0in me\u00f0al algengustu gu\u00f0legra t\u00e1kna sem s\u00fdnd eru, og stendur \u00fear oftast vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 s\u00f3lstj\u00f6rnu Shamash og Venusstj\u00f6rnu Ishtar.<\/p>

B\u00f3kmenntaleg l\u00fdsing leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 lj\u00f3s Sins. Skini hans er l\u00fdst sem mildu, en einnig gagntrengjandi. Hann l\u00fdsir upp n\u00f3ttina \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 reka hana burt, og gerir ratlei\u00f0s\u00f6gn \u00ed myrkri m\u00f6gulega.<\/p>

V\u00f6xtur og minnkun m\u00e1nans var t\u00falka\u00f0ur go\u00f0s\u00f6gulega og tengdur reglulegri birtingu og hvarfi gu\u00f0sins. \u00deessi hringr\u00e1s ger\u00f0i Sin a\u00f0 mynd hinnar traustu, sj\u00e1lfendurn\u00fdjandi reglu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Go\u00f0sagnakenndar fr\u00e1sagnir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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F\u00e6\u00f0ing Sins er l\u00fdst \u00ed fr\u00e1s\u00f6gninni um Enlil og Ninlil. Eftir a\u00f0 Enlil hefur \u00e1reitt gy\u00f0juna Ninlil er hann rekinn \u00ed undirheimana af go\u00f0a\u00feinginu. Ninlil, sem hefur geti\u00f0 tunglgu\u00f0inn me\u00f0 honum, fylgir honum.<\/p>

Til \u00feess a\u00f0 barni\u00f0, sem \u00e1 a\u00f0 tilheyra hinum bjarta himni, ver\u00f0i ekki eftir \u00ed undirheimunum, gefa Enlil og Ninlil undirheimunum sta\u00f0g\u00f6ngugu\u00f0i me\u00f0 frekari fundum. \u00deannig kemst Sin til himins, me\u00f0an hinar ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar gu\u00f0irnar byggja dj\u00fapi\u00f0.<\/p>

Sin kemur einnig fram \u00ed go\u00f0s\u00f6gnum \u00fear sem dj\u00f6flar \u00e1s\u00e6kja hann. Ein s\u00e6ringafr\u00e1s\u00f6gn l\u00fdsir \u00fev\u00ed hvernig illar m\u00e1ttarveldi myrkva tungli\u00f0. \u00cd var\u00f0veittri fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn taka sig saman sj\u00f6 illir dj\u00f6flar til a\u00f0 umkringja Sin \u00e1 himninum og sl\u00f6kkva lj\u00f3s hans.<\/p>

Tunglmyrkvi var talinn illvi\u00f0randi t\u00e1kn, \u00e1r\u00e1s fjandsamlegra vera \u00e1 gu\u00f0inn. \u00cd sl\u00edkum tilvikum k\u00f6llu\u00f0u s\u00e6ringaprestar \u00e1 a\u00f0ra gu\u00f0i til hj\u00e1lpar, svo Sin fengi lj\u00f3s sitt aftur. \u00deetta fr\u00e1sagnarminni tengir go\u00f0s\u00f6gn<\/span> og helgisi\u00f0i<\/span> beint saman.<\/p>

\u00cd s\u00e1lmum er Sin l\u00fdst sem vitrum r\u00e1\u00f0gjafa sem vakir yfir r\u00e9tti og sannleika \u00e1samt syni s\u00ednum Shamash. Me\u00f0an Shamash sem s\u00f3lgu\u00f0 s\u00e9r allt \u00e1 daginn, s\u00e9r Sin gegnum n\u00e1ttina.<\/p>

Af \u00feessu samspili sprettur hugmyndin um \u00f3sliti\u00f0 gu\u00f0legt augnar\u00e1\u00f0 sem l\u00e6tur ekkert leynast. Sagt er a\u00f0 \u00f6rl\u00f6g m\u00e1na\u00f0arins r\u00e1\u00f0ist af Sin, og \u00fev\u00ed var m\u00e1na\u00f0arlegri komu hans fylgt me\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakri athygli.<\/p>

S\u00e9rstakt fr\u00e1sagnarminni sn\u00fdst um drauminn, \u00fear sem Sin birtist m\u00f6nnum. S\u00ed\u00f0asti bab\u00fdlonski konungurinn Nabonid segir \u00ed \u00e1letrunum s\u00ednum a\u00f0 tunglgu\u00f0inn hafi birst honum \u00ed draumi og fali\u00f0 honum a\u00f0 endurbyggja hr\u00f6rna\u00f0an hofi\u00f0<\/span> sitt \u00ed Harran.<\/p>

Sl\u00edkir textar eru ekki go\u00f0s\u00f6gur \u00ed str\u00f6ngum skilningi, en \u00feeir s\u00fdna hvernig go\u00f0s\u00f6gulegar hugmyndir um talandi, v\u00edsandi gu\u00f0 n\u00e1\u00f0u allt inn \u00ed konunglega sj\u00e1lfsmynd.<\/p>

Einnig \u00ed s\u00e1lmum sem eigna\u00f0ir eru Enheduanna, og \u00ed b\u00e6num \u00e6\u00f0stuprestynja, kemur Sin fram sem gu\u00f0 er heyrir b\u00e6nir og sendir t\u00e1kn. T\u00falkun \u00feessara t\u00e1kna, s\u00e9rstaklega tunglstiganda og st\u00f6\u00f0u tunglsig\u00f0arins, var efni vanda\u00f0rar athugunar- og t\u00falkunarhef\u00f0ar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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D\u00fdrkun og tilbei\u00f0sla<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mikilv\u00e6gasta helgista\u00f0ur Sins \u00ed su\u00f0urhluta Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edu var borgin Ur. \u00dear st\u00f3\u00f0 hofi\u00f0<\/span> Ekishnugal, og hin fr\u00e6ga s\u00falupallur Ur, \u00ferepaskipt hofpallpallur, var v\u00edgt<\/span> tunglgu\u00f0inum. Konungur Ur-Nammu og sonur hans Shulgi reistu hina risav\u00f6xnu s\u00falupallbyggingu \u00ed \u00feeirri mynd sem r\u00fastir hennar s\u00fdna enn \u00ed dag.<\/p>

Undir \u00feri\u00f0ju konungs\u00e6tt Ur upplif\u00f0i d\u00fdrkunin<\/span> s\u00e9rstakt bl\u00f3maskei\u00f0.<\/p>

Emb\u00e6tti \u00e6\u00f0stuprestynju tunglgu\u00f0sins, sem oft var skipa\u00f0 konungsd\u00e6trum, gegndi mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki. \u00deekktasta konan \u00ed \u00feessu emb\u00e6tti var Enheduanna, d\u00f3ttir konungsins Sargons af Akkad, sem eigna\u00f0ir eru b\u00f3kmenntalegir s\u00e1lmar.<\/p>

Emb\u00e6tti\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0 um aldir, og enn konungurinn Nabonid skipa\u00f0i d\u00f3ttur s\u00edna prestynju \u00ed Ur, en hann v\u00edsa\u00f0i til gu\u00f0legs vals sem tunglfyrirbo\u00f0i haf\u00f0i gefi\u00f0 til kynna.<\/p>

\u00cd nor\u00f0urhluta Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edu var Harran annar meginsta\u00f0ur tunglstilbei\u00f0slunnar. Hofi\u00f0<\/span> Sins \u00fear, kalla\u00f0 Echulchul, naut vir\u00f0ingar \u00ed \u00f3tr\u00falega langan t\u00edma.<\/p>

Enn \u00e1 fyrsta \u00e1r\u00fe\u00fasundi fyrir okkar t\u00edmatal s\u00fdndu n\u00fdass\u00fdr\u00edskir og n\u00fdbab\u00fdlonskir stj\u00f3rnendur mikinn \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00feessum helgista\u00f0<\/span>. S\u00ed\u00f0asti bab\u00fdlonski konungurinn Nabonid veitti Sin \u00ed Harran s\u00e9rstaka athygli, l\u00e9t endurbyggja hofi\u00f0<\/span> og dvaldi m\u00f6rg \u00e1r fjarri Bab\u00fdlon, sem m\u00e6tti andst\u00f6\u00f0u me\u00f0al prestast\u00e9ttar annarra gu\u00f0a, s\u00e9rstaklega Marduks.<\/p>

M\u00f3\u00f0ir Nabonids, sem hin langa \u00e6vi hennar er skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00ed eigin \u00e1letrun<\/span>, var einnig n\u00e1num b\u00f6ndum tengd Sin-d\u00fdrkuninni<\/span> \u00ed Harran.<\/p>

D\u00fdrkunin<\/span> n\u00e1\u00f0i yfir dagleg f\u00f3rnir<\/span>, m\u00e1na\u00f0arlegar h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ir tengdar tunglstigum og b\u00e6nir. N\u00fdtt tungl, fullt tungl og hvarf tunglsins voru helgisi\u00f0alega<\/span> mikilv\u00e6gir t\u00edmapunktar \u00fear sem s\u00e9rstakar athafnir voru framkv\u00e6mdar. Dagurinn \u00feegar tungli\u00f0 hvarf var talinn vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mur og tengdist harma- og b\u00f3tasi\u00f0um.<\/p>

Hofin<\/span> r\u00e1\u00f0u yfir umtalsver\u00f0um landeignum og fj\u00f6l\u00ferepa prestast\u00e9tt me\u00f0 s\u00f6ngvurum, harmaprestum og starfsf\u00f3lki \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu. Fr\u00e1 Ur eru var\u00f0veittir r\u00edkulegir fornleifafundir, me\u00f0al annars helgista\u00f0ur<\/span> \u00e6\u00f0stuprestynjuemb\u00e6ttisins, Gipar, sem veitir inns\u00fdn \u00ed efnislega menningu Sin-d\u00fdrkunarinnar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Verndara\u00f0ger\u00f0ir og fr\u00e1hrindandi t\u00e1kn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sin var n\u00e1i\u00f0 tengdur verndun og fr\u00e1hrindingu \u00f3l\u00e1ns, \u00fev\u00ed lj\u00f3s hans l\u00fdsti upp n\u00e6turmyrkri\u00f0, sem tali\u00f0 var a\u00f0 illar \u00f6fl v\u00e6ru s\u00e9rstaklega virkar \u00ed.<\/p>

B\u00e6nir til Sin f\u00f3ru fram \u00e1 lj\u00f3s hans sem hj\u00e1lp og lei\u00f0s\u00f6gn. \u00dear sem tungli\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna\u00f0i t\u00edmatalinu var st\u00f6\u00f0ugleiki \u00feess einnig v\u00f6rn gegn ringulrei\u00f0 hins \u00f3talda t\u00edma.<\/p>

Sin gegndi s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku hlutverki \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 tunglmyrkva. Myrkvi var talinn \u00e1r\u00e1s fjandsamlegra v\u00e6tta \u00e1 gu\u00f0inn og illur fyrirbo\u00f0i, s\u00e9rstaklega fyrir konunginn.<\/p>

Til voru s\u00e9rstakir helgisi\u00f0atextar sem \u00e6tla\u00f0 var a\u00f0 afst\u00fdra ska\u00f0legum aflei\u00f0ingum myrkva. Ein kunn a\u00f0fer\u00f0 var sta\u00f0gengilskonungssi\u00f0urinn, \u00fear sem sta\u00f0gengill t\u00f3k \u00e1 sig me\u00f0 t\u00e1knr\u00e6num h\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3g\u00e6fu sem fyrirbo\u00f0inn h\u00f3ta\u00f0i, me\u00f0an konungurinn sj\u00e1lfur var varinn.<\/p>

\u00cd s\u00e6ringum var Sin \u00e1kalla\u00f0ur \u00e1samt \u00f6\u00f0rum gu\u00f0um til a\u00f0 heila sj\u00faka og reka burt illa anda. Tunglgu\u00f0inn kemur h\u00e9r ekki fram sem einangra\u00f0 verndarafl heldur sem hluti af v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kari gu\u00f0legri a\u00f0sto\u00f0.<\/p>

\u00dear sem Sin var talinn vitur og r\u00e9ttl\u00e1tur gu\u00f0, treystu menn \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann styddi \u00fe\u00e1 sem voru ranglega \u00fejaka\u00f0ir. Milt en st\u00f6\u00f0ugt lj\u00f3s hans var sinnmynd<\/span> \u00feeirrar vonar a\u00f0 jafnvel dimmasta n\u00f3ttin taki enda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum menningarheimum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tunglgu\u00f0ir eru sta\u00f0festir \u00ed m\u00f6rgum menningarheimum Austurlanda n\u00e6r til forna og v\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00c1 vestursem\u00edt\u00edsku sv\u00e6\u00f0i voru eigin tunglgu\u00f0ir, og einnig \u00ed Su\u00f0ur-Arab\u00edu var tungli\u00f0 \u00ed mi\u00f0ju mikilv\u00e6gra d\u00fdrkunarh\u00e1tta. Tengsl tungls, t\u00edmatals og t\u00edmaskipulags eru endurteki\u00f0 mynstur, \u00fev\u00ed tunglhringurinn var e\u00f0lilegasti grunnur t\u00edmatals fyrir samf\u00e9l\u00f6g fyrri t\u00edma.<\/p>

Athyglisvert er a\u00f0 \u00ed mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edsku kerfinu er tunglgu\u00f0inn Sin talinn fa\u00f0ir s\u00f3lgu\u00f0sins. \u00cd m\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum kerfum, til d\u00e6mis \u00fev\u00ed gr\u00edska, er sambandi\u00f0 \u00f6fugt e\u00f0a vegi\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi, og s\u00f3lin gegnir forgangshlutverki. H\u00e6rra mikilv\u00e6gi tunglsins \u00ed Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edu endurspeglar v\u00e6gi n\u00e6turhimnaathugana og tungl\u00e1rst\u00edmatalsins.<\/p>

Sin-d\u00fdrkunin<\/span> \u00ed Harran er s\u00e9rstakt d\u00e6mi um tr\u00faarlega samfellu. Me\u00f0an fornmes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edsk tr\u00fa var l\u00f6ngu horfin annars sta\u00f0ar, h\u00e9lst stj\u00f6rnud\u00fdrkun \u00ed Harran fram \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0forn\u00f6ld<\/span>. S\u00ed\u00f0ari heimildir greina fr\u00e1 samf\u00e9lagi \u00ed Harran sem stunda\u00f0i stjarnad\u00fdrkun.<\/p>

Mat \u00feessara fr\u00e1sagna er umdeilt \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0unum, en \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00fdna hversu langl\u00edf tungld\u00fdrkunin var \u00e1 \u00feessum sta\u00f0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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N\u00fat\u00edmavi\u00f0t\u00f6kur og ranns\u00f3knir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 Sin-d\u00fdrkuninni byggja \u00e1 brei\u00f0um heimildagrundvelli. Uppgreftir \u00ed Ur, s\u00e9rstaklega verk Leonard Woolley \u00e1 fyrri hluta tuttugustu aldar, leiddu \u00ed lj\u00f3s hof<\/span>, s\u00edkk\u00faratuna, Gipar og fj\u00f6lda gripa.<\/p>

Vi\u00f0 \u00feetta b\u00e6tast fleygr\u00fanatextar, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al s\u00e1lmar, b\u00e6nir, helgisi\u00f0atextar og stj\u00f3rns\u00fdsluskj\u00f6l, sem skjalfesta d\u00fdrkunina<\/span> \u00e1 \u00fdmsum t\u00edmabilum. \u00c1letranir Nab\u00f3n\u00eddusar myndar s\u00e9rstakan, mj\u00f6g rannsaka\u00f0an heimildaflokk um s\u00ed\u00f0skei\u00f0 tungld\u00fdrkunar.<\/p>

Tr\u00faarstefna Nab\u00f3n\u00eddusar er vi\u00f0varandi umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni. \u00dea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hann hafi hyllt Sin frekar en Marduk var \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ari, honum fjandsamlegum textum sett fram sem yfirsj\u00f3n. Fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skilja \u00feessar hlutdr\u00e6gu heimildir fr\u00e1 eigin yfirl\u00fdsingum konungsins og endurgera bakgrunn \u00e1takanna milli prestast\u00e9ttanna.<\/p>

Mikilv\u00e6gt ranns\u00f3knarefni er stjarnfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg v\u00eddd mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edskrar tr\u00faar. Sin er \u00ed brennidepli spurningarins um hvernig himinathuganir, t\u00edmatal og tr\u00faarleg t\u00falkun tvinnu\u00f0ust saman.<\/p>

Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edskir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u vanda\u00f0a fyrirbo\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fear sem tungltengd fyrirb\u00e6ri gegndu mi\u00f0l\u00e6gu hlutverki. \u00deessir textar eru ekki a\u00f0eins mikilv\u00e6gir fyrir tr\u00faars\u00f6gu heldur einnig v\u00edsindas\u00f6gu, \u00fear sem \u00feeir teljast til r\u00f3tar s\u00ed\u00f0ari stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>

Pers\u00f3na Enhedu\u00f6nnu hefur einnig fengi\u00f0 mikla athygli s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugi. Sem \u00e6\u00f0staprestynja tunglgu\u00f0sins og talinn h\u00f6fundur s\u00e1lma er h\u00fan talin einn af elstu nafngreindu h\u00f6fundum b\u00f3kmenntas\u00f6gunnar.<\/p>

H\u00f6fundar\u00e1ting textanna er r\u00e6dd \u00e1 bl\u00e6brig\u00f0ar\u00edkan h\u00e1tt \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0aheiminum. \u00cd heild er Sin pers\u00f3na sem gerir kleift a\u00f0 rannsaka lykil\u00fe\u00e6tti mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edskrar tr\u00faars\u00f6gu me\u00f0 \u00e1\u00fereifanlegum h\u00e6tti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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