{"id":169002,"date":"2026-09-05T14:04:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=169002"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:29:30","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:29:30","slug":"tupilak-hefndarandi-inuita","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/tupilak-hefndarandi-inuita\/","title":{"rendered":"Tupilak &#8211; Mannger\u00f0ur hefndarandi gr\u00e6nlensku in\u00fa\u00edtanna"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"169002\" class=\"elementor elementor-169002 elementor-2657 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tupilak - Mannger\u00f0ur hefndarandi \u00far gr\u00e6nlenskri hef\u00f0<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tupilak er \u00ed hef\u00f0 gr\u00e6nlenskra in\u00fa\u00edta mannger\u00f0 vera, b\u00fain til \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0num tilgangi \u00far d\u00fdra- og mannaleifum, sem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarlegur s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem talinn er mi\u00f0la milli manna og andaheims.\" tabindex=\"0\">sjamani<\/span> nota\u00f0i til a\u00f0 ska\u00f0a e\u00f0a dey\u00f0a \u00f3vin. \u00cd dag er hugtaki\u00f0 fyrst og fremst \u00feekkt \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0av\u00edsu sem \u00fatskur\u00f0armynd \u00far beini e\u00f0a steini. Tr\u00faarfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega tilheyrir hann f\u00e1g\u00e6tum flokki mannger\u00f0ra \u00e1r\u00e1saranda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Andi \u00far hef\u00f0 in\u00fa\u00edta.\">Andi<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/inuit-og-nordurslodir-sedna-tornit\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i in\u00fa\u00edta.\">In\u00fa\u00edtar<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mannger\u00f0ur ska\u00f0andi.\">Mannger\u00f0ur ska\u00f0andi<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Engar undirfyrirsagnir fundust \\u00e1 \\u00feessari s\\u00ed\\u00f0u.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tEfnisyfirlit\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tupilak-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tupilak-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tupilak-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_tupilak-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-170776\" alt=\"Tupilak - andar \u00far in\u00fa\u00edta-hef\u00f0inni, s\u00f6guleg myndskreyting\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_tupilak-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_tupilak-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_tupilak-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_tupilak.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Greining og skammrit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tupilak tilheyrir \u00ed tr\u00faarfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri flokkun f\u00e1g\u00e6tum h\u00f3pi mannger\u00f0ra andavera.<\/p><p>\u00d3l\u00edkt <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=168999\">Sedna<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169000\">Sila<\/a> e\u00f0a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169001\">Tornarssuk<\/a>, sem liti\u00f0 er \u00e1 sem fyrirframgefna alheimslega e\u00f0a hj\u00e1lpandi m\u00e1tt, er Tupilak v\u00edsvitandi mannger\u00f0 sm\u00ed\u00f0 sem \u00fej\u00f3nar tilteknum tilgangi: a\u00f0 ska\u00f0a \u00f3vin. \u00deessi sm\u00ed\u00f0av\u00eddd greinir hann grundvallarlega fr\u00e1 \u00f6llum \u00f6\u00f0rum uppflettior\u00f0um \u00ed go\u00f0aheimi in\u00fa\u00edta.<\/p><p>Heimildir um Tupilak einskor\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 Gr\u00e6nland, s\u00e9rstaklega austurstr\u00f6ndina og Disk\u00f3v\u00edkina, og n\u00e1 fr\u00e1 18. \u00f6ld hj\u00e1 Hans Egede, gegnum Henrik Rink \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld, til William Thalbitzer og Robert Petersen \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld.<\/p><p>Einnig \u00e1 mi\u00f0sv\u00e6\u00f0i kanad\u00edska heimskautasv\u00e6\u00f0isins eru skr\u00e1\u00f0 tengd hugt\u00f6k \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 <em>tupilaq<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>tuurngaq qungasiq<\/em>, \u00fe\u00f3 me\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 fr\u00e1brug\u00f0inni merkingu \u00fear. \u00deessi sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundna s\u00e9rsta\u00f0a er fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega uppl\u00fdsandi.<\/p><p>\u00cd dag er Tupilak til \u00ed tveimur samhli\u00f0a l\u00f6gum: sem s\u00f6guleg hugmynd um veru sem raunverulega var sm\u00ed\u00f0u\u00f0 og l\u00edfgu\u00f0 me\u00f0 g\u00f6ldrum til a\u00f0 valda ska\u00f0a, og sem heiti \u00e1 \u00fatskur\u00f0armyndum \u00far rostungst\u00f6nn, hreind\u00fdrahornum og beini, sem \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 sem gr\u00e6nlensk handverksgrein fr\u00e1 1880 \u00e1ratugnum. \u00deessi tv\u00f6falda lagskipting gerir hverja umr\u00e6\u00f0u um Tupilak fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega krefjandi og kallar \u00e1 vanda\u00f0a a\u00f0greiningu.<\/p><p>Um Tupilak hafa n\u00fdrri ranns\u00f3knir v\u00edkka\u00f0 \u00fat fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg verkf\u00e6ri s\u00edn og tengt saman \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni, m\u00e1lv\u00edsindalega heimildagagnr\u00fdni og samanbur\u00f0arsj\u00f3narhorn. \u00deessi f\u00e1gun er h\u00e9r s\u00e9rstaklega nau\u00f0synleg \u00fev\u00ed eldri vestr\u00e6nar l\u00fdsingar hneig\u00f0ust oft til a\u00f0 gera s\u00e9r mat \u00far mannger\u00f0u ska\u00f0averunni me\u00f0 \u00e6sifr\u00e9ttast\u00edl; in\u00fa\u00edta \u00feekkingarsamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0, sem tekur n\u00fa sj\u00e1lft \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed ranns\u00f3knunum, lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttir sl\u00edkar a\u00f0 hluta til k\u00f3l\u00f3n\u00edskt litu\u00f0ar t\u00falkanir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Or\u00f0sifjar og or\u00f0s\u00f6guleg \u00fer\u00f3un<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega er <em>tupilak<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>tupilaq<\/em> dregi\u00f0 af stofninum <em>tupi-<\/em>, sem \u00ed nokkrum in\u00fa\u00edtam\u00e1lum \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir forfa\u00f0ir e\u00f0a s\u00e1l hins l\u00e1tna. Tupilak myndi \u00fe\u00e1 or\u00f0i\u00f0 til or\u00f0s vera eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 forfe\u00f0ravera e\u00f0a andasm\u00ed\u00f0. Robert Petersen hefur \u00ed m\u00e1ls\u00f6gulegum ranns\u00f3knum s\u00ednum s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 tengsl vi\u00f0 hugt\u00f6k yfir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00edkamslaus vera sem talin er hafa \u00e1hrif \u00ed heiminum.\" tabindex=\"0\">anda<\/span> hins l\u00e1tna og \u00feannig mynda\u00f0 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega br\u00fa til d\u00e1narheims in\u00fa\u00edta.<\/p><p>\u00cd gr\u00e6nlensku m\u00e1li er einnig til fleirtalan <em>tupilait<\/em>, sem t\u00e1knar heild \u00feessara vera. \u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li hefur merkingin v\u00edkka\u00f0 \u00fat og er oft \u00fe\u00fdtt sem \u00f3v\u00e6ttur e\u00f0a illur <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00edkamslaus vera sem talin er hafa \u00e1hrif \u00ed heiminum.\" tabindex=\"0\">andi<\/span>, sem einfaldar upprunalegu merkinguna og l\u00e6tur hina s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku sm\u00ed\u00f0av\u00eddd falla \u00ed skuggann. Fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fjalla um \u00feessa einf\u00f6ldun af gagnr\u00fdni.<\/p><p>Athyglisvert er a\u00f0 Tupilak hefur ekki neikv\u00e6\u00f0a merkingu \u00ed or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum skilningi. Neikv\u00e6\u00f0a mati\u00f0 kemur af hlutverkinu, ekki af or\u00f0inu sj\u00e1lfu.<\/p><p>Tupilak er ekki illur af e\u00f0lisfari heldur nota\u00f0ur til \u00e1r\u00e1sar. \u00deetta si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega hlutleysi or\u00f0sins sj\u00e1lfs er fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega \u00e1hugavert \u00fev\u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegt mat myndast fyrst gegnum v\u00edsvitandi notkun.<\/p><p>Til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar er \u00feess vir\u00f0i a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a tr\u00faf\u00e9lagsfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega hlutverki\u00f0 sem Tupilak l\u00e9k \u00ed f\u00e9lagslegri skipan hef\u00f0bundins samf\u00e9lags in\u00fa\u00edta.<\/p><p>\u00dear sem sl\u00edk vera var markvisst beitt gegn \u00f3vini, m\u00e1 af henni s\u00e9rlega sk\u00fdrt lesa a\u00f0 tr\u00faarleg ger\u00f0 var ekki a\u00f0skilin fr\u00e1 f\u00e9lagslegri i\u00f0kun heldur samofin henni. \u00deessi samfl\u00e9ttun myndar s\u00e9rstakt tr\u00faarmannfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt ranns\u00f3knarsvi\u00f0 sem einkum Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Laugrand og Jarich Oosten hafa unni\u00f0 kerfisbundi\u00f0 a\u00f0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sm\u00ed\u00f0i \u00ed hef\u00f0bundinni framkv\u00e6md<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar heimildir, s\u00e9rstaklega hj\u00e1 Henrik Rink og William Thalbitzer, l\u00fdsa ger\u00f0 tupilaks \u00ed sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarlegur s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem talinn er mi\u00f0la milli manna og andaheims.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sjaman<\/span>, sem vildi ska\u00f0a fjandmann, safna\u00f0i \u00ed leyni \u00fdmsum efnis\u00fe\u00e1ttum: beinum \u00far mismunandi d\u00fdrum, h\u00e1ri, sinum, og stundum l\u00edkamshlutum e\u00f0a fl\u00edkum af fjandmanninum sj\u00e1lfum.<\/p><p>\u00deessir efnis\u00fe\u00e6ttir voru settir saman \u00ed mannl\u00edki \u00e1 afskekktum sta\u00f0, oft \u00ed bergsprungu e\u00f0a helli.<\/p><p>Yfir \u00feessari f\u00edg\u00faru voru sungnir s\u00f6ngvar og fluttar galdra\u00feulur. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarlegur s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem talinn er mi\u00f0la milli manna og andaheims.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sjamaninn<\/span> gaf verunni n\u00e6ringu \u00far holh\u00f6nd sinni e\u00f0a skauti og veitti henni l\u00edfskraft. A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed loknu var f\u00edg\u00faran l\u00e1tin fara \u00fat \u00ed vatn e\u00f0a snj\u00f3 til a\u00f0 leita fjandmannsins og dey\u00f0a hann.<\/p><p>V\u00e6ri fjandma\u00f0urinn sj\u00e1lfur voldugur <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarlegur s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem talinn er mi\u00f0la milli manna og andaheims.\" tabindex=\"0\">sjaman<\/span>, gat hann hrundi\u00f0 tupilaknum fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r e\u00f0a jafnvel sn\u00fai\u00f0 honum aftur gegn skapara s\u00ednum, sem ger\u00f0i i\u00f0kunina mj\u00f6g \u00e1h\u00e6ttusama.<\/p><p>V\u00edsindalega er \u00feessi i\u00f0kun \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 \u00fear sem h\u00fan byggir \u00e1 kenningu um l\u00edflegjun \u00f3l\u00edfr\u00e6nna og l\u00edfr\u00e6nna leifa, samofinni sjaman\u00edskri kenningu um hj\u00e1lparanda. Tupilakinn er form skapandi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I\u00f0kanir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 framvindu hlutanna me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ath\u00f6fnum e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdurs<\/span> sem \u00ed heimsmynd in\u00fa\u00edta er \u00e1 sama t\u00edma leyfilegur og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega vandme\u00f0farinn. Tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afyrirb\u00e6rafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega er um bl\u00f6ndu af sk\u00f6punargaldri og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00edkamslaus vera sem talin er hafa \u00e1hrif \u00ed heiminum.\" tabindex=\"0\">anda<\/span>gift a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.<\/p><p>Sj\u00e1lf ger\u00f0in var h\u00e6ttuleg ath\u00f6fn. S\u00e1 sem uppg\u00f6tva\u00f0ist \u00e1tti \u00e1 h\u00e6ttu f\u00e9lagslega \u00fatsk\u00fafun, hefndir fr\u00e1 fj\u00f6lskyldu fjandmannsins e\u00f0a dau\u00f0a af eigin tupilak. \u00deessi \u00e1h\u00e6tta vi\u00f0h\u00e9lt f\u00e9lagslegri reglu og ger\u00f0i notkun tupilaka a\u00f0 undantekningu frekar en reglu, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt s\u00f6gurnar gefi til kynna a\u00f0 i\u00f0kunin hafi veri\u00f0 algengari.<\/p><p>\u00cd samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar sjaman\u00edskar i\u00f0kanir in\u00fa\u00edta er ger\u00f0 tupilaka l\u00fdst \u00f3venju n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega, \u00fear sem h\u00fan var talin h\u00e6ttuleg undantekning sem vakti s\u00e9rstakan \u00e1huga \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0inga \u00e1 heimildarm\u00f6nnum s\u00ednum. \u00deessa bj\u00f6gun \u00ed heimildum \u00fearf a\u00f0 meta v\u00edsindalega me\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdni, \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan gerir tupilak-i\u00f0kunina hugsanlega umfangsmeiri \u00ed skynjun en h\u00fan var \u00ed raun.<\/p><p>\u00cd samanbur\u00f0ar<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00edsindagrein sem rannsakar tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0arlega og \u00e1n tr\u00faarlegrar skuldbindingar.\" tabindex=\"0\">tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> er tupilakinn lesinn sem hluti af \u00feeirri hringskauta tr\u00faarlegu landfr\u00e6\u00f0i sem finnst me\u00f0 undraver\u00f0ri samfellu \u00ed byggingu yfir \u00fe\u00fasundir k\u00edl\u00f3metra. \u00deessi byggingarlega st\u00f6\u00f0ugleiki telst tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afyrirb\u00e6rafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega me\u00f0al merkilegustu ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0na fr\u00e6\u00f0igreinarinnar og er enn \u00ed dag umdeildur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verndandi m\u00f3ta\u00f0ger\u00f0ir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gegn tupilaknum var til r\u00f3tgr\u00f3i\u00f0 safn verndandi i\u00f0kana. S\u00e1 sem gruna\u00f0i a\u00f0 tupilak v\u00e6ri \u00e1 lei\u00f0inni til hans leita\u00f0i til sjamans, sem me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp tornait sinna, \u00fe.e. hj\u00e1lparanda sinna, gat st\u00f6\u00f0va\u00f0 tupilakinn, bori\u00f0 kennsl \u00e1 hann og sent hann til baka.<\/p><p>Snerist tupilakinn aftur gegn skapara s\u00ednum, bar hann honum \u00feann dau\u00f0a sem honum var \u00e6tla\u00f0ur. \u00deessi gagnverkun er s\u00e9rstakt mynstur \u00ed tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afyrirb\u00e6rafr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p><p>A\u00f0rar verndara\u00f0ger\u00f0ir voru me\u00f0al annars a\u00f0 bera verndargripi, loka inng\u00f6ngum \u00edgl\u00faa me\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0num si\u00f0um og fylgja almennum tab\u00fareglum, en tali\u00f0 var a\u00f0 fylgni vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r veikti tupilakinn. Virkni \u00feessara verndarr\u00e1\u00f0a var lykil\u00feema tr\u00faar og reynslu, sem er \u00edtarlega fjalla\u00f0 um \u00ed gr\u00e6nlenskum sagnab\u00f3kmenntum og er umtalsver\u00f0ur hluti hins munnlega efnis.<\/p><p>V\u00edsindalega er athyglisvert a\u00f0 tupilak-i\u00f0kunin skapa\u00f0i b\u00e6\u00f0i h\u00f3tunar- og verndarumr\u00e6\u00f0u. M\u00f6guleikinn \u00e1 \u00e1r\u00e1sargjarnri notkun j\u00f3k f\u00e9lagslegt v\u00e6gi sjamana sem verndara\u00f0ila og vi\u00f0h\u00e9lt samt\u00edmis f\u00e9lagslegri reglu, \u00fear sem opinberir \u00e1rekstrar voru a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i umfl\u00fanir. \u00deessi f\u00e9lagsp\u00f3lit\u00edska virkni tupilak-h\u00f3tunarins er sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt ranns\u00f3knarsvi\u00f0 innan tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0af\u00e9lagsfr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Go\u00f0sagnakenndar og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0sagnalegar tupilak-s\u00f6gur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Austurgr\u00e6nlensk sagnahef\u00f0 geymir fj\u00f6lmargar s\u00f6gur af tupilakum \u00fear sem tupilak sn\u00fdst gegn skapara s\u00ednum, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fjandma\u00f0urinn sem valinn var reyndist of sterkur. \u00deekkt saga segir af sei\u00f0manni sem sendi tupilak gegn keppinaut, en s\u00e1 keppinautur greindi m\u00e1tt v\u00e6ttarins, hrakti hann af s\u00e9r og sendi hann til sendandans. Skaparinn l\u00e9st \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed eigin snj\u00f3h\u00fasi.<\/p><p>A\u00f0rar s\u00f6gur fjalla um tupilaka sem hitta saklausa menn fyrir af mist\u00f6kum, e\u00f0a um tupilaka sem sleppa undan stj\u00f3rn skapara s\u00edns og ganga sem r\u00e1fandi ska\u00f0av\u00e6ttir um t\u00fandruna.<\/p><p>\u00deessar s\u00f6gur eru ekki a\u00f0eins til skemmtunar heldur virka sem si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegar vi\u00f0varanir: s\u00e1 sem sm\u00ed\u00f0ar tupilak stofnar eigin l\u00edfi \u00ed h\u00e6ttu. Uppeldislega hli\u00f0 sagnanna er s\u00e9rstakt vi\u00f0fangsefni \u00ed tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri kennslufr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p><p>S\u00f6gurnar um tupilaka eru margsinnis skr\u00e1\u00f0ar \u00ed st\u00f3ru gr\u00e6nlensku s\u00f6fnunum, me\u00f0al annars hj\u00e1 Henrik Rink og Mathias Storch. \u00de\u00e6r myndu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0a b\u00f3kmenntagrein innan in\u00fa\u00edta-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hin var\u00f0veitta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0menning me\u00f0 si\u00f0um, s\u00f6gnum og lj\u00f3\u00f0um.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00e1ttafr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> og eru mikilv\u00e6gur frumefnisflokkur fyrir v\u00edsindalega endurger\u00f0 hinnar hef\u00f0bundnu sei\u00f0i\u00f0kunar og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegrar umr\u00e6\u00f0u um hana.<\/p><p>S\u00e9rstakur undirflokkur sagnanna fjallar um tupilaka sem l\u00fdst er sem d\u00fdrablendingum og sem starfa \u00e1 m\u00f6rkum d\u00fdra og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00edkamslaus vera sem talin er hafa \u00e1hrif \u00ed heiminum.\" tabindex=\"0\">anda<\/span>.<\/p><p>\u00deessi blendingse\u00f0li tupilakanna er s\u00e9rstakt fyrirb\u00e6ri \u00ed tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afyrirb\u00e6rafr\u00e6\u00f0i og tengir tupilak-hugmyndina vi\u00f0 almenna umbreytingar-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hin fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega kenning um Gu\u00f0 og tr\u00fa tiltekinnar tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a.\" tabindex=\"0\">gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> in\u00fa\u00edta, \u00fear sem m\u00f6rkin milli manns, d\u00fdrs og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00edkamslaus vera sem talin er hafa \u00e1hrif \u00ed heiminum.\" tabindex=\"0\">anda<\/span> eru gegns\u00e6. H\u00e9r liggur s\u00e9rst\u00f6k ranns\u00f3knarspurning um myndun blendingsv\u00e6tta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fr\u00e1 ska\u00f0av\u00e6tti til \u00fatskur\u00f0armyndar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mikilv\u00e6g breyting \u00e1 tupilak-hugtakinu h\u00f3fst \u00e1 1880 \u00e1ratugnum \u00ed Austur-Gr\u00e6nlandi. Evr\u00f3pskir gestir spur\u00f0u sei\u00f0menn um \u00fatlit tupilakanna. \u00dear sem hinir eiginlegu tupilakar voru \u00f3s\u00fdnilegir e\u00f0a formlausir og leystust upp jafnskj\u00f3tt og verkefni \u00feeirra var loki\u00f0, sk\u00e1ru sei\u00f0mennirnir \u00fat l\u00edk\u00f6n \u00far rostungst\u00f6nn, hreind\u00fdrshorni og s\u00ed\u00f0ar steini. \u00deessi l\u00edk\u00f6n voru s\u00fdnishlutir, ekki t\u00f6frandi virk tupilak-v\u00e6tti.<\/p><p>\u00dar \u00feessum l\u00edk\u00f6num \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ist sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0 handverkshef\u00f0. Gr\u00e6nlenskur tupilak-\u00fatskur\u00f0ur n\u00fat\u00edmans s\u00fdnir afmynda\u00f0ar, blendingskenndar v\u00e6ttir me\u00f0 mannlegum, d\u00fdrslegum og hugmyndar\u00edkum einkennum. \u00deessi \u00fatskur\u00f0ur er mikilv\u00e6gur efnahagslegur \u00fe\u00e1ttur fyrir Gr\u00e6nland og er til sta\u00f0ar \u00ed hverri fer\u00f0amannaverslun. Fj\u00f6lbreytnin \u00ed fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0i er mikil og endurspeglar sk\u00f6punarg\u00e1fu hvers \u00fatskur\u00f0armanns.<\/p><p>V\u00edsindalega s\u00e9\u00f0 er \u00feessi umbreyting s\u00edgilt d\u00e6mi um afhelgun tr\u00faarlegs hugtaks. Tupilak sem andavera er n\u00e1nast horfinn \u00far hugmyndaheiminum, en tupilak sem \u00fatskur\u00f0armynd er heimsfr\u00e6gur. \u00deessi tv\u00f6 svi\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 a\u00f0greina sk\u00fdrt ef skilja \u00e1 tr\u00fa in\u00fa\u00edta til fulls. \u00deessi munur er \u00ed dag \u00fatsk\u00fdr\u00f0ur berum or\u00f0um \u00ed gr\u00e6nlenskum sk\u00f3lum og s\u00f6fnum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tupilak \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar ska\u00f0av\u00e6ttir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cd v\u00edsindalegum samanbur\u00f0i heyrir tupilak til flokks sm\u00ed\u00f0a\u00f0ra \u00e1r\u00e1saranda sem eru \u00feekktir \u00ed m\u00f6rgum menningarheimum. Byggingarlega svipa\u00f0ir eru hinn hebreski golem, javanski <em>tuju<\/em>, ha\u00edt\u00edski <em>zonbi<\/em>-fl\u00e9ttan og a\u00f0 nokkru leyti hin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00edmabil gr\u00edsks og r\u00f3mversks menningarskei\u00f0s, um 800 f.Kr. til 600 e.Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">forna<\/span> <em>katadesmos<\/em>-b\u00f6lvunartafla. \u00d6llum \u00feessum er sameiginlegt markvisst efnislegt sm\u00ed\u00f0i virkrar v\u00e6ttar.<\/p><p>Innan nor\u00f0urskautssv\u00e6\u00f0isins eru hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed hef\u00f0 Tsj\u00faktja og Yupika, sem einnig \u00feekkja sm\u00ed\u00f0a\u00f0a \u00e1r\u00e1saranda, en me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum efnislegum og tr\u00faarlegum einkennum. Hj\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/sami-finnsk-ugrisk-hefd-noaidi-tromma\/\">S\u00f6mum<\/a> samsvarar tupilak \u00ed grunninn \u00fatskornum andav\u00e6ttum sem gegndu hlutverki \u00ed sam\u00edsku <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarlegt kerfi \u00fear sem s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar hafa samskipti vi\u00f0 andaheiminn.\" tabindex=\"0\">sjamanisma<\/span>, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 gera megi r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir beinum s\u00f6gulegum tengslum.<\/p><p>Tupilak-i\u00f0kunin skilur sig fr\u00e1 vestr\u00e6num hugmyndum um svartan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I\u00f0kanir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 framvindu hlutanna me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ath\u00f6fnum e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdur<\/span> a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti a\u00f0 h\u00fan er ekki ford\u00e6md \u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegan h\u00e1tt fyrst og fremst. H\u00fan er \u00e1h\u00e6ttus\u00f6m, en innan gildismats in\u00fa\u00edta er h\u00fan l\u00f6gm\u00e6tur, \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00e6ttulegur, valkostur \u00ed deilum\u00e1lum. \u00deessi si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega sta\u00f0a gerir tupilak-i\u00f0kunina athyglisver\u00f0a fr\u00e1 tr\u00faarheimspekilegu sj\u00f3narhorni og a\u00f0greinir hana greinilega fr\u00e1 kristilega-si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegum hugmyndum um ska\u00f0legan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I\u00f0kanir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 framvindu hlutanna me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ath\u00f6fnum e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdur<\/span>.<\/p><p>Auk \u00feess m\u00e1 benda \u00e1 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0una vi\u00f0 mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00edskar Lamashtu-s\u00e6ringar, \u00fear sem einnig m\u00e1 greina samsetningu ska\u00f0asm\u00ed\u00f0ar og verndandi i\u00f0kunar, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 gera \u00feurfi r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir s\u00f6gulegum tengslum.<\/p><p>\u00deessar byggingarlegu hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur eru s\u00e9rstakt ranns\u00f3knarsvi\u00f0 \u00ed v\u00edsindalegri umr\u00e6\u00f0u um alhli\u00f0a mynstur ska\u00f0agaldurs og sta\u00f0festa byggingarlegt samr\u00e6mi sl\u00edkra i\u00f0kana \u00fevert \u00e1 menningarheima.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tr\u00fabo\u00f0, banni og minning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Me\u00f0 tr\u00fabo\u00f0inu sem Hans Egede h\u00f3f \u00e1 Vestur-Gr\u00e6nlandi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1721 og sem hinar m\u00f3rav\u00edsku og dansk-l\u00fatersku kirkjur h\u00e9ldu \u00e1fram, kom mikill \u00fer\u00fdstingur \u00e1 tupilak-i\u00f0kunina. H\u00fan var talin dj\u00f6fulleg, b\u00f6nnu\u00f0 af kirkjunni og f\u00e9lagslega \u00fatsk\u00fafu\u00f0. \u00c1 Austur-Gr\u00e6nlandi, sem var ekki tr\u00fabo\u00f0a\u00f0 af krafti fyrr en seint \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld, h\u00e9lst i\u00f0kunin lengst vi\u00f0.<\/p><p>V\u00edsindalega er erfitt a\u00f0 t\u00edmasetja n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega hven\u00e6r framlei\u00f0sla \u00e1 ekta tupil\u00f6kum lei\u00f0 undir lok. William Thalbitzer greinir enn \u00e1ri\u00f0 1923 fr\u00e1 f\u00f3lki sem haf\u00f0i gert tupilaka \u00ed \u00e6sku sinni, e\u00f0a a\u00f0 minnsta kosti sag\u00f0ist hafa gert \u00fea\u00f0. \u00c1 seinni hluta 20. aldar lifir tupilakinn a\u00f0eins \u00e1fram \u00ed tr\u00e9skur\u00f0arlist og fr\u00e1sagnarb\u00f3kmenntum.<\/p><p>\u00cd sk\u00f3lab\u00f3kum og s\u00f6fnum Gr\u00e6nlands er tupilak-hef\u00f0in \u00ed dag kynnt me\u00f0 kennslufr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni. Munurinn \u00e1 milli s\u00f6gulegrar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Athafnir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 gang hlutanna me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ath\u00f6fnum e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdra<\/span> og samt\u00edmalistar er sk\u00fdrt afmarka\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir misskilning. \u00deessi kennslufr\u00e6\u00f0ilega framsetning er sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt ranns\u00f3knarsvi\u00f0 innan tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0akennslufr\u00e6\u00f0i og d\u00e6mi um hvernig mi\u00f0la m\u00e1 n\u00fdlendubreyttri tr\u00faars\u00f6gu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00faverandi ranns\u00f3knir og vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00faverandi ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 tupilak fara fyrst og fremst fram \u00e1 Gr\u00e6nlandi sj\u00e1lfu, me\u00f0al annars vi\u00f0 Greenland National Museum and Archives \u00ed Nuuk og \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0istofnunum d\u00f6nsku h\u00e1sk\u00f3lanna. Robert Petersen, Birgitte Sonne og Jens Rosing hafa lagt fram grunnranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 tupilak-i\u00f0kuninni og mynds\u00f6gu hennar sem nj\u00f3ta vi\u00f0urkenningar \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri umr\u00e6\u00f0u.<\/p><p>Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur eru tv\u00edskiptar. \u00c1 me\u00f0an fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg b\u00f3kmenntafr\u00e6\u00f0i fjallar um tupilakinn sem s\u00f6gulega og tr\u00faarlega flokkun, r\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed d\u00e6gurmenningu notkunin sem dulspekilegt e\u00f0a skrautlegt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endurteki\u00f0 efnislegt st\u00edlbrag\u00f0 \u00ed list e\u00f0a fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn.\" tabindex=\"0\">myndefni<\/span>. \u00deessi mismunur er sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt umfj\u00f6llunarefni v\u00edsindalegrar sj\u00e1lfssko\u00f0unar um n\u00fdlendu\u00e1kr\u00f6fnun frumbyggjatr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega vandkv\u00e6\u00f0i sl\u00edkrar \u00e1kr\u00f6fnunar.<\/p><p>Innan in\u00fa\u00edta-dreifb\u00fdlisins hefur tupilakinn haldist t\u00e1kn sj\u00e1lfsmyndar \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 vera endurvakinn sem t\u00f6frai\u00f0kun. \u00deessi tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0a afsta\u00f0a, a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Merki sem stendur fyrir hugmynd e\u00f0a merkingu \u00ed sta\u00f0gengilshlutverki.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00e1kni\u00f0<\/span> en yfirgefa i\u00f0kunina v\u00edsvitandi, er fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega uppl\u00fdsandi og s\u00fdnir s\u00e9rt\u00e6ka \u00e1kr\u00f6fnun hef\u00f0bundinna hugtaka \u00ed m\u00f3tun n\u00fat\u00edma sj\u00e1lfsmyndar frumbyggja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tilv\u00edsanir \u00ed lex\u00edkoni\u00f0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tengd eru f\u00e6rslurnar <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169001\">Tornarssuk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=168999\">Sedna<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169000\">Sila<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169003\">Anguta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169005\">Nanook<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169004\">Pinga<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169006\">Igaluk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169007\">Malina<\/a> og <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=169008\">Qailertetang<\/a>. Menningarmi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0in <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/inuit-og-nordurslodir-sedna-tornit\/\">In\u00fa\u00edta-hef\u00f0<\/a> rammar inn tr\u00faars\u00f6guna. Byggingarlega \u00e1\u00feekkir sm\u00ed\u00f0aandar finnast \u00ed r\u00f6\u00f0 sam\u00edsku f\u00e6rslnanna <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/sami-finnsk-ugrisk-hefd-noaidi-tromma\/\">sam\u00edsku<\/a> og \u00ed fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum hef\u00f0um um allan heim.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp214d8673 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp214d8673\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27e4a4b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27e4a4b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ger\u00f0 tupilaksins \u00ed munnm\u00e6lum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24166b60 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24166b60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b59f5ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b59f5ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tupilak er samkv\u00e6mt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mi\u00f0lun \u00feekkingar og fr\u00e1sagna milli kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a.\" tabindex=\"0\">munnm\u00e6lum<\/span> gr\u00e6nlenskra in\u00fa\u00edta ekki f\u00e6dd vera heldur handger\u00f0.<\/p><p>Samkv\u00e6mt l\u00fdsingum sem me\u00f0al annars koma \u00far heimildum fimmta Thule-lei\u00f0angursins undir stj\u00f3rn Knud Rasmussen og \u00far eldri fer\u00f0afr\u00e1s\u00f6gnum, bj\u00f3 s\u00e1 sem vildi valda \u00f6\u00f0rum manni ska\u00f0a veruna til \u00ed laumi \u00far \u00fdmiss konar efni. Notu\u00f0 voru bein, d\u00fdrahlutir, skinnb\u00fatar, sinar og stundum eitthva\u00f0 \u00far l\u00edkama barns e\u00f0a l\u00e1tins manns.<\/p><p>\u00deessir hlutar voru settir saman \u00ed litla, oft formlausa f\u00edg\u00faru. Me\u00f0 s\u00f6ngvum, \u00e1kalli og samkv\u00e6mt sumum fr\u00e1s\u00f6gnum me\u00f0 snertingu vi\u00f0 eigin l\u00edkama smi\u00f0sins var f\u00edg\u00farunni bl\u00e1si\u00f0 l\u00edfi. Tupilak var \u00feannig verkf\u00e6ri \u00ed ska\u00f0amagni: honum var sent \u00e1 haf \u00fat til a\u00f0 finna tilteki\u00f0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gj\u00f6f til go\u00f0magns til a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 \u00feakkl\u00e6ti, b\u00e6n e\u00f0a lotningu.\" tabindex=\"0\">f\u00f3rnarlamb<\/span> og drepa \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mi\u00f0lun \u00feekkingar og fr\u00e1sagna milli kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a.\" tabindex=\"0\">Munnm\u00e6lin<\/span> leggja \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 tupilak hafi veri\u00f0 h\u00e6ttulegur eigin skapara s\u00ednum. Ef fyrirhuga\u00f0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gj\u00f6f til go\u00f0magns til a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 \u00feakkl\u00e6ti, b\u00e6n e\u00f0a lotningu.\" tabindex=\"0\">f\u00f3rnarlamb<\/span> r\u00e9\u00f0 yfir sterkari yfirn\u00e1tt\u00farulegum kr\u00f6ftum e\u00f0a var sj\u00e1lft <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarlegur s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem talinn er mi\u00f0la milli manna og andaheims.\" tabindex=\"0\">sjamani<\/span>, gat \u00fea\u00f0 hrundi\u00f0 tupilakinum fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r og sent hann til baka. Tupilak sem sneri \u00feannig aftur drap \u00feann sem haf\u00f0i gert hann.<\/p><p>Ger\u00f0 tupilaks var \u00fev\u00ed talin st\u00f3rh\u00e6ttuleg ath\u00f6fn sem f\u00e9lagslega var ford\u00e6md. Heimildirnar a\u00f0 baki \u00feessum hugmyndum eru undantekningarlaust skr\u00e1\u00f0ar utan fr\u00e1, safna\u00f0 af \u00fe\u00e1tttakendum lei\u00f0angra, prestum og fer\u00f0al\u00f6ngum, og \u00fe\u00e6r eiga einkum vi\u00f0 um Austur- og Vestur-Gr\u00e6nland. Ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 draga af \u00feeim \u00e1lyktun um samr\u00e6mda venju fyrir allan heim in\u00fa\u00edta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp209c5ae5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp209c5ae5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a926e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2a926e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00datskornar tupilak-myndir og n\u00fdlendulistmarka\u00f0urinn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e82f2d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e82f2d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29b0254c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp29b0254c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00deekktustu tupilak-hlutirnir \u00ed dag eru litlar \u00fatskornar myndir \u00far t\u00f6nn, beini, hornum e\u00f0a vi\u00f0i, sem s\u00fdna hrikalegar blendings- og skr\u00edpamyndir. \u00deessar myndir eru \u00fe\u00f3 ekki s\u00f6mu verur og l\u00fdst er \u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mi\u00f0lun \u00feekkingar og sagna milli kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a.\" tabindex=\"0\">munnm\u00e6lunum<\/span> sem ska\u00f0asei\u00f0sverur. Upprunalegu tupilakarnir voru falin, \u00ed leyni ger\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri sem engum \u00e1tti a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 og sem ekki var haldi\u00f0 til eftir notkun.<\/p><p>\u00datskornu myndirnir ur\u00f0u til fyrst \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pub\u00faa. Fer\u00f0amenn, tr\u00fabo\u00f0ar og s\u00ed\u00f0ar t\u00faristar vildu vita hvernig tupilak litu \u00fat, og Gr\u00e6nlendingar sk\u00f6pu\u00f0u \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 s\u00fdnilegar myndir af \u00fev\u00ed sem fram a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed haf\u00f0i a\u00f0eins veri\u00f0 til sem hugmynd.<\/p><p>\u00dar \u00feessum samskiptum \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ist fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed seint \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld og s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0 \u00fatskur\u00f0arlist, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 Austur-Gr\u00e6nlandi \u00ed kringum Ammassalik. Tupilak-myndirnar ur\u00f0u fastur \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed gr\u00e6nlenskri handverkslist og eru framleiddar enn \u00feann dag \u00ed dag.<\/p><p>Fyrir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn er \u00feessi \u00fer\u00f3un l\u00e6rd\u00f3msr\u00edkt d\u00e6mi um s\u00f6gu hluta sem m\u00f3tu\u00f0 er af n\u00fdlendut\u00edma. \u00dea\u00f0 sem liggur \u00ed s\u00f6fnum og s\u00fdningum sem tupilak er oftast afur\u00f0 samskiptat\u00edmans, ekki vitnisbur\u00f0ur um fornkristna\/fyrirn\u00fdlenduath\u00f6fn. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ingar \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 William Thalbitzer, sem rannsaka\u00f0i Austur-Gr\u00e6nland \u00e1 fyrri hluta 20. aldar, greindu snemma muninn \u00e1 hinni munnlegu hugmynd og s\u00fdnilegu myndinni.<\/p><p>\u00datskornu tupilakarnir eru \u00fe\u00f3 ekki einfaldar falsanir, heldur sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0 listahef\u00f0 sem f\u00e6r\u00f0i gamla hugmynd yfir \u00ed n\u00fdtt, efnislegt form. \u00cd hverri fullyr\u00f0ingu um tupilak-hluti \u00fearf \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera greinarmun \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvort r\u00e6tt er um munnlegu hugmyndina e\u00f0a \u00fatskur\u00f0arlistina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Henrik Rink: <em>Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo<\/em> (Edinburgh 1875)<\/li><li>William Thalbitzer: <em>The Ammassalik Eskimo<\/em> (Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 1914-1923)<\/li><li>Robert Petersen: <em>Carved Greenlandic Figures<\/em> (Nuuk 1991)<\/li><li>Birgitte Sonne: <em>Heaven Negotiated. Hell Imagined<\/em> (Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 2017)<\/li><li>Jens Rosing: <em>Sagn og saga fra Angmagssalik<\/em> (Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 1963)<\/li><li>Hans Egede: <em>Det gamle Gr\u00f8nlands nye Perlustration<\/em> (Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 1741)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-tupilak e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-tupilak\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-tupilak-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-tupilak-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tupilak telst \u00ed gr\u00e6nlenskum <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mi\u00f0lun \u00feekkingar og sagna milli kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a.\" tabindex=\"0\">munnm\u00e6lum<\/span> vera mannger\u00f0ur <strong>hefndarandi<\/strong>, sem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarlegur s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur sem talinn er mi\u00f0la milli manna og andaheims.\" tabindex=\"0\">sjamani<\/span> e\u00f0a angakkoq m\u00f3ta\u00f0i \u00far beinum, d\u00fdraleifum og skinni til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 til \u00e1kve\u00f0ins andst\u00e6\u00f0ings.<\/p><p>Sem markvisst framkalla\u00f0ur hefndarandi er tupilak fr\u00e1brug\u00f0inn frj\u00e1lsum, \u00e1 reiki fer\u00f0andi andaverum \u00ed hef\u00f0 In\u00fa\u00edta, \u00fev\u00ed hann er beint gegn \u00e1kve\u00f0num einstaklingi og getur, samkv\u00e6mt heimildum, sn\u00faist gegn eigin skapara s\u00ednum, ef marki\u00f0 sem r\u00e1\u00f0ist er \u00e1 reynist betur vari\u00f0 en gert var r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Tengd leitaror\u00f0: Tupilak Tupilaq Tupilait Schadensgeist Schnitzfigur Ostgr\u00f6nland Walzahn Thalbitzer.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tupilak\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard og verndarhef\u00f0ir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-nosnippet=\"true\">Pers\u00f3nuleg reynsla getur veri\u00f0 mismunandi. Ekki l\u00e6kningat\u00e6ki. Engin lofor\u00f0 um l\u00e6kningu.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tupilak-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tupilak-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard er <strong>ekki l\u00e6kningat\u00e6ki<\/strong> og kemur ekki \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir l\u00e6knis- e\u00f0a s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ime\u00f0fer\u00f0. Tr\u00faarfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt efni er menningars\u00f6gulegt samhengi, ekki r\u00e1\u00f0legging um andlega i\u00f0kun.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2881,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tupilak hefndarandi in\u00fa\u00edta","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tupilak - Hefndarandi og \u00fatskur\u00f0armynd in\u00fa\u00edta","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tupilak er mannger\u00f0ur hefndarandi gr\u00e6nlensku in\u00fa\u00edtanna, s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00fatskur\u00f0armynd. 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