{"id":168863,"date":"2026-09-05T14:03:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:03:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=168863"},"modified":"2026-09-05T14:21:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T14:21:26","slug":"golem","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/golem\/","title":{"rendered":"Golem"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"168863\" class=\"elementor elementor-168863 elementor-2191 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Golem, andi \u00far gy\u00f0inglegri hef\u00f0<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem er \u00ed gy\u00f0inglegri hef\u00f0 tilb\u00fain mannger\u00f0 vera \u00far leiri e\u00f0a j\u00f6r\u00f0, l\u00edfgu\u00f0 me\u00f0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Athafnir sem reyna me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum gj\u00f6r\u00f0um e\u00f0a form\u00falum a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 r\u00e1s atbur\u00f0a.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdri<\/span> e\u00f0a gu\u00f0legu or\u00f0i. Tr\u00faarfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega s\u00e9\u00f0 stendur hann fyrir gy\u00f0inglega sk\u00f6punarm\u00fdst\u00edk, m\u00f6rkin milli manns og Gu\u00f0s, og s\u00ed\u00f0mi\u00f0aldalega framkv\u00e6mdahyggju rabb\u00ednskrar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarhreyfing sem leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 beina Gu\u00f0supplifun; mi\u00f0l\u00e6g \u00ed gy\u00f0inglegri, kristinni og \u00edslamskri hef\u00f0.\">myst\u00edk<\/span> (kabbala). Golem er talinn andi \u00far gy\u00f0inglegri hef\u00f0 og t\u00e1knar m\u00f6rkin milli manns og Gu\u00f0s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Andi: \u00d3l\u00edkamleg e\u00f0a h\u00e1lfl\u00edkamleg vera, framli\u00f0nir, n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00e6ttir, heimilisandar e\u00f0a ver\u00f0ir \u00fer\u00f6skulda. Verkar \u00ed daglegu l\u00edfi, oft bundinn st\u00f6\u00f0um e\u00f0a fj\u00f6lskyldum.\">Andi<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=168596\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00f0ingleg tr\u00faarhef\u00f0 fr\u00e1 Tanakh til kabbala og tr\u00faarlegrar myst\u00edkur n\u00fat\u00edmans.\">Gy\u00f0ingd\u00f3mur<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00f0ingleg dulhyggju- og heimsmyndarhef\u00f0.\">Kabbala<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Engar undirfyrirsagnir fundust \\u00e1 \\u00feessari s\\u00ed\\u00f0u.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tEfnisyfirlit\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_judentum_golem-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-171093\" alt=\"Golem - andi \u00far hef\u00f0 Judentum (j\u00fadaisma), s\u00f6guleg myndskreyting\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_judentum_golem-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_judentum_golem-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_judentum_golem-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_judentum_golem.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Golem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem er f\u00edg\u00fara \u00far leiri e\u00f0a j\u00f6r\u00f0 sem er l\u00edfgu\u00f0 me\u00f0 nafni Gu\u00f0s e\u00f0a galdurs- og tungum\u00e1lalegum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um. \u00cd fr\u00e6gustu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uppbyggileg saga, oftast um l\u00edf heilagra manna.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0s\u00f6gninni<\/span>, Prag-Maharal-s\u00f6gunni, skapa\u00f0i rabb\u00ed Judah Loew golem til a\u00f0 vernda gy\u00f0ingasamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0.<\/p><p>Golemurinn er hl\u00fd\u00f0inn, \u00f3mennskur a\u00f0 styrkleika, en einnig h\u00e6ttulegur og a\u00f0 lokum ey\u00f0ilag\u00f0ur. Meginmyndir: bibl\u00eduleg sk\u00f6pun Adams sem fyrirmynd, golemar mi\u00f0alda sem verndarv\u00e6ttir, s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00e1knr\u00e6n og s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg t\u00falkun (Freud, Scholem).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stutt yfirlit: Golem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Golem-sagan var\u00f0 til \u00ed mi\u00f0alda- og \u00e1rn\u00fdaldar-gy\u00f0inglegri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00f0ingleg myst\u00edk me\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0ritunum Sefer Yetzira, S\u00f3har og lur\u00ed\u00f6nsku sk\u00f3lanum.\">kabbala<\/span> (u.\u00fe.b. 12.\u201316. \u00f6ld). Meginheimildir: Sefer Yetzirah (Sk\u00f6punarb\u00f3kin, 3.\u20136. \u00f6ld en golem-tilv\u00edsanir s\u00ed\u00f0ar), s\u00ed\u00f0mi\u00f0aldalegar Maharal-go\u00f0s\u00f6gur (15.\u201316. \u00f6ld), Scholems <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00f0ingleg myst\u00edk me\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0ritunum Sefer Yetzira, S\u00f3har og lur\u00ed\u00f6nsku sk\u00f3lanum.\">Kabbala<\/span> og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Heild var\u00f0veittra gu\u00f0asagna \u00ed tiltekinni menningu.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> (1941).<\/span><\/p><p>\u00datbrei\u00f0sla: Mi\u00f0-Evr\u00f3pa (B\u00e6heimur, P\u00f3lland, \u00de\u00fdskaland), s\u00ed\u00f0ar b\u00f3kmenntalega \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu. Ranns\u00f3knarsta\u00f0a: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cdsraelskur tr\u00faarsagnfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur (1897\u20131982); frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull n\u00fat\u00edma kabbala-ranns\u00f3kna.\">Gershom Scholem<\/span> (Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism), Daniel Abrams (Kabbalah and Luria), Yehuda Liebes (The Sinai Revelation), Elliot Wolfson (Language, Eros, Being).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samhengi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00edmabil textanna<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fr\u00e1 Sefer Jezira, \u00ed gegnum kabbal\u00edsk skrif mi\u00f0alda, allt til Prag-go\u00f0s\u00f6gunnar um rabb\u00ed L\u00f6w \u00e1 16. \u00f6ld, hefur kjarni golem-s\u00f6gunnar var\u00f0veist \u00f3breyttur: f\u00edg\u00fara formu\u00f0 \u00far leiri, l\u00edfgu\u00f0 me\u00f0 heil\u00f6gum st\u00f6fum. \u00deessi vera er enn lifandi \u00ed dag, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed breyttri mynd: h\u00fan kemur fram \u00ed b\u00f3kmenntum, kvikmyndum og leikh\u00fasi, og \u00ed Prag er minningin um hana enn bundin Altneu-samkunduh\u00fasinu, \u00e1 h\u00e1alofti \u00feess sem golemurinn er sag\u00f0ur hv\u00edla samkv\u00e6mt go\u00f0s\u00f6gninni.<\/p><h3>Go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ileg sta\u00f0setning<\/h3><p>Golem er \u00ed gy\u00f0inglegri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarhreyfing sem leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 beina Gu\u00f0supplifun; mi\u00f0l\u00e6g \u00ed gy\u00f0inglegri, kristinni og \u00edslamskri hef\u00f0.\">myst\u00edk<\/span> og s\u00ed\u00f0ar evr\u00f3pskri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1hugi \u00e1 duldum kr\u00f6ftum og a\u00f0fer\u00f0um utan vi\u00f0urkenndra v\u00edsinda.\" tabindex=\"0\">occultisma<\/span> tilb\u00fain, l\u00edfgu\u00f0 vera \u00far leiri. Fr\u00e6gasti golemurinn er s\u00e1 sem rabb\u00ed L\u00f6w skapa\u00f0i \u00ed Prag. Hann er ekki n\u00e1tt\u00faruleg vera, heldur galdrasm\u00ed\u00f0, birting mannlegs skapandi m\u00e1ttar og vi\u00f0v\u00f6run.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00datbrei\u00f0slusv\u00e6\u00f0i<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem var ekki bundinn vi\u00f0 tilteki\u00f0 sv\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a sta\u00f0setningu, heldur var hann \u00feekktur og virtur, e\u00f0a \u00e1 vir\u00f0ingarfullan h\u00e1tt hr\u00e6ddur vi\u00f0, \u00ed \u00f6llum heimi gy\u00f0ingd\u00f3msins. Hvort sem var \u00ed st\u00f3rum borgarmi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0um e\u00f0a \u00ed afskekktum sveitum, me\u00f0al f\u00e9lagslegrar el\u00edtu e\u00f0a al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0u, var andleg e\u00f0a menningarleg \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00feessarar veru vi\u00f0urkennd alls sta\u00f0ar og \u00e1 sama h\u00e1tt.<\/p><p>Golem-sagan barst me\u00f0 gy\u00f0ingasamf\u00e9l\u00f6gum um Evr\u00f3pu og h\u00e9lst a\u00f0 meginstofni \u00f3breytt: leirf\u00edg\u00fara, l\u00edfgandi \u00e1letrun, l\u00e6r\u00f0ur skapari. A\u00f0 \u00fatbreiddasta ger\u00f0 s\u00f6gunnar festist einmitt vi\u00f0 Prag og rabb\u00ed L\u00f6w s\u00fdnir hve n\u00e1tengd sagan var sj\u00e1lfsmynd samf\u00e9lagsins \u00fear, sem s\u00e1 \u00ed golemnum verndara \u00e1 erfi\u00f0um t\u00edmum. \u00cd gegnum prenta\u00f0 m\u00e1l og munnlegar fr\u00e1sagnir barst Prag-ger\u00f0in langt \u00fat fyrir B\u00e6heim.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heimildasta\u00f0a<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Frumheimildir eru Sefer Yetzirah (fornt rit, golem-t\u00falkanir 12.\u201316. \u00f6ld), Maharal-go\u00f0s\u00f6gur (munnlegar\/skriflegar \u00ed Shevet Judah, David Gans&#8217; Tzemach David, 16.\u201317. \u00f6ld), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00f0ingleg myst\u00edk me\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0ritunum Sefer Yetzira, S\u00f3har og lur\u00ed\u00f6nsku sk\u00f3lanum.\">kabbala<\/span>-rit (Abulaf\u00eda, Luria, Vital, 13.\u201316. \u00f6ld). T\u00edmabil: 3.\u201317. \u00f6ld (lagskipting hugtaksins).<\/p><p>Tungum\u00e1lasv\u00e6\u00f0i: hebreska, s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00fe\u00fdska, jidd\u00edska. Landfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega: Mi\u00f0-Evr\u00f3pa (B\u00e6heimur, P\u00f3lland), s\u00ed\u00f0ar b\u00f3kmenntalega \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu. Fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cdsraelskur tr\u00faarsagnfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur (1897\u20131982); frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull n\u00fat\u00edma kabbala-ranns\u00f3kna.\">Gershom Scholem<\/span> (Major Trends), Moshe Idel (The Golem: Jewish Magical Traditions), Wolfram Brandes (Golem-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarhreyfing sem leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 beina Gu\u00f0supplifun.\" tabindex=\"0\">myst\u00edk<\/span> \u00ed Mi\u00f0-Evr\u00f3pu), Yehuda Liebes, Elliot Wolfson.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nafn og heiti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem er s\u00fdndur \u00ed hinum \u00fdmsu heimildum og listr\u00e6num hef\u00f0um me\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0num endurteknum t\u00e1knmyndaeinkennum sem haldast tilt\u00f6lulega \u00f3breytt yfir \u00e1ratugi og landfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg sv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00deessi einkenni eru ekki einungis skreytileg e\u00f0a valin af tilviljun, heldur eru \u00feau dj\u00fapt t\u00e1knr\u00e6n og bera mikla merkingu.<\/p><p>\u00cd s\u00f6gunni um Golem ber s\u00e9rhvert atri\u00f0i merkingu: Leirinn v\u00edsar til sk\u00f6punar Adams \u00far j\u00f6r\u00f0inni, \u00e1letrunin emet (sannleikur) \u00e1 enninu er \u00e1 sama t\u00edma rofinn sem stj\u00f3rnar tilvist hans, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feurrka \u00fat fyrsta stafinn breytir or\u00f0inu \u00ed met (dau\u00f0ur) og bindur enda \u00e1 l\u00edfgunina. \u00deeir sem kunnu hebresku stafina og kabbal\u00edska merkingu \u00feeirra l\u00e1su \u00ed s\u00f6gunni um Golem l\u00e6rd\u00f3m um m\u00e1tt tungum\u00e1lsins og takm\u00f6rk mannlegrar sk\u00f6punar. \u00de\u00f6gn, kraftur og undirgefni verunnar eru einnig fastir, hef\u00f0bundnir eiginleikar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Einkenni<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem var mikilv\u00e6gur \u00ed tr\u00faarlegri i\u00f0kun, daglegum rit\u00faalum og hversdagslegum skilningi \u00ed Judentum. F\u00f3lk leita\u00f0i til \u00feessarar verundar \u00e1 erfi\u00f0um e\u00f0a \u00e1kve\u00f0num t\u00edmum l\u00edfsins e\u00f0a \u00e1 tilteknum rit\u00faal\u00e1rst\u00ed\u00f0um, me\u00f0 skipul\u00f6g\u00f0um, oft fl\u00f3knum rit\u00fa\u00f6lum, b\u00e6num e\u00f0a f\u00f3rnargj\u00f6fum.<\/p><p>Sk\u00f6pun Golems var \u00ed hef\u00f0 Judentum aldrei \u00e1litin frj\u00e1lst handverk, heldur l\u00e6r\u00f0 i\u00f0kun: h\u00fan kraf\u00f0ist ranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 Sefer Jezira og \u00feekkingar \u00e1 kabbal\u00edskum stafasamsetningum. \u00cd Prag-go\u00f0s\u00f6gninni er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed ekki einhver handverksma\u00f0ur heldur Rabbi L\u00f6w, virtur talm\u00fadfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00e1 16. \u00f6ld, sem l\u00edfgar leirveruna eftir hef\u00f0bundnum reglum.<\/p><p>Hugmyndina um Golem m\u00e1 rekja fr\u00e1 Sefer Jezira, \u00ed gegnum mi\u00f0aldask\u00fdringar, til Prag-go\u00f0s\u00f6gunnar \u00e1 16. \u00f6ld, sem s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 hugmyndin um veru l\u00edfgu\u00f0 me\u00f0 stafalist barst \u00e1fram me\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0ugum h\u00e6tti \u00ed ritu\u00f0um arfi Judentum. Hlutverk verunnar breyttust \u00fe\u00f3: \u00ed kabbal\u00edskum textum var sk\u00f6pun Golems sta\u00f0festing \u00e1 dulspekilegri fullkomnun, \u00ed Prag-s\u00f6gunni verndar Golem gy\u00f0ingasamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 gegn \u00e1s\u00f6kunum og \u00e1r\u00e1sum, og sem heimilishj\u00e1lp sinnir hann einf\u00f6ldum verkum.<\/p><h3>\u00datlit og t\u00e1knm\u00e1l<\/h3><p>Golem er s\u00fdndur sem mass\u00edfur og illa hlutfalla\u00f0ur, m\u00f3ta\u00f0ur \u00far j\u00f6r\u00f0 e\u00f0a leir, mannlegur en \u00f3fullkominn. Stundum er nafn Gu\u00f0s skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e1 hann. Andlit hans er svipbrig\u00f0alaust. Me\u00f0 \u00fatstrikun eins stafs breytist Emet \u00ed Met (dau\u00f0i). Kraftur og hreyfingarleysi eru einkenni hans.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yfirlit: Golem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yfirliti\u00f0 um Golem fjallar um kosm\u00edskan uppruna hans (sk\u00f6punar-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarleg hreyfing me\u00f0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 beina Gu\u00f0supplifun.\" tabindex=\"0\">dulhyggju<\/span>), hlutverk hans sem verndandi t\u00f6fravera, formger\u00f0 hans (leirstytta, oft \u00fe\u00f6gul), a\u00f0fer\u00f0irnar vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00edfga hann (stafa-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I\u00f0kanir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 r\u00e1s atbur\u00f0a me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ath\u00f6fnum e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00f6frar<\/span>, Sefer Yetzirah), \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsh\u00f3pana sem sk\u00f6pu\u00f0u Golem-verur, og menningarlegar hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 Homunculus og gervil\u00edf \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum hef\u00f0um.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hef\u00f0<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem var\u00f0 til \u00e1 t\u00edma kabbal\u00edskrar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarleg hreyfing me\u00f0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 beina Gu\u00f0supplifun; mikilv\u00e6g \u00ed gy\u00f0inglegri, kristinni og \u00edslamskri hef\u00f0.\">dulhyggju<\/span> \u00e1 12. og 13. \u00f6ld, me\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ari bl\u00f3maskei\u00f0i \u00e1 15. og 16. \u00f6ld (Maharal-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fr\u00e6\u00f0andi fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn, oft um l\u00edf heilagra manna.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0s\u00f6gn<\/span>). Landfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegur uppruni: Mi\u00f0-Evr\u00f3pa, s\u00e9rstaklega B\u00e6heimur (Prag), P\u00f3lland, \u00fe\u00fdsk R\u00ednarsv\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p><p>Menningarlegur uppruni: gy\u00f0ingleg Kabbalah, plat\u00f3nskar sk\u00f6punarhugmyndir (dem\u00edurgos), Sefer Yetzirah-notkunar-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00faarleg hreyfing me\u00f0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 beina Gu\u00f0supplifun.\" tabindex=\"0\">dulhyggja<\/span>, rabb\u00ednsk i\u00f0kunar-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I\u00f0kanir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 r\u00e1s atbur\u00f0a me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ath\u00f6fnum e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00f6frar<\/span>. Fyrstu dagsettar heimildir: Sefer Hasidim (B\u00f3k hinna fr\u00f3mu, um 1200), s\u00ed\u00f0an Maharal-s\u00f6gur (skjalfestar b\u00f3kmenntalega fr\u00e1 16.-17. \u00f6ld, \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld). S\u00f6guleg \u00fer\u00f3un: fr\u00e1 afstraktri hugmynd (fyrsta kabbalah: kosm\u00edskur Golem) til <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fr\u00e6\u00f0andi fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn, oft um l\u00edf heilagra manna.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0sagnar<\/span> (Prag-Golem sem \u00e1\u00fereifanleg pers\u00f3na).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tengt vi\u00f0<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sk\u00f6pun Golems var i\u00f0kun rabb\u00edna, kabbalista og t\u00f6framennta\u00f0ra fr\u00e6\u00f0imanna, el\u00edtu-galdramanna, ekki leikmanna. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0ur: v\u00f6rn samf\u00e9lagsins (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fr\u00e6\u00f0andi fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn, oft um l\u00edf heilagra manna.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0s\u00f6gn<\/span>: andsemit\u00edskar ofs\u00f3knir), s\u00fdning \u00e1 kraftaverkum, dulspekileg <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Rit\u00faal upptaka \u00ed tr\u00faarlega e\u00f0a dulspekilega reglu; oft tengd t\u00e1knr\u00e6num dau\u00f0a og endurf\u00e6\u00f0ingu.\">innv\u00edgsla<\/span> (n\u00e1m \u00ed Sefer Yetzirah = geta til a\u00f0 l\u00edfga), t\u00e1kn um andlegan \u00feroska. F\u00e9lagslegt samhengi: ofs\u00f3knir og leit a\u00f0 skj\u00f3li, rabb\u00ednsk au\u00f0kenningarmenning, \u00fej\u00e1ning gy\u00f0inga sem dulspekileg r\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1ta (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt vandam\u00e1l um samr\u00e6mi milli alm\u00e6tti og g\u00e6sku Gu\u00f0s og tilvist hins illa.\">gu\u00f0varnarvandinn (te\u00f3d\u00edkea)<\/span>). Golem var s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega: fantas\u00eda um ofurmennskt skj\u00f3l \u00ed rangl\u00e1tum heimi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Form<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem er l\u00fdst sem mannlaga vera \u00far leir e\u00f0a j\u00f6r\u00f0, oft \u00fe\u00f6gull e\u00f0a svipbrig\u00f0alaus, me\u00f0 st\u00f3r st\u00edflu\u00f0 augu e\u00f0a \u00f3skrifa\u00f0 enni. Einkenni: stundum <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Texti sem er ristur e\u00f0a greyptur \u00ed fastan efnivi\u00f0.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1letrunin<\/span> \u201eEmet\u201c (sannleikur) \u00e1 enninu e\u00f0a innsigli me\u00f0 nafni Gu\u00f0s.<\/p><p>\u00cd go\u00f0s\u00f6gninni er Prag-Golem d\u00f6kkbr\u00fann, risavaxinn (yfirmannlegur), kyrrst\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fear til hann er l\u00edfga\u00f0ur, og eftir \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfvirkur og hl\u00fd\u00f0inn. \u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmalist (K\u00e4the Kollwitz, E.T.A. Hoffmann) er hann s\u00fdndur \u00e1 trag\u00edskari h\u00e1tt: einangru\u00f0 vera, ekki skr\u00edmsli. Litur: br\u00fann, gr\u00e1r, jar\u00f0leitur. Engin yfirn\u00e1tt\u00faruleg birta, heldur dauf efniskennd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I\u00f0ja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Verkunarsvi\u00f0:<\/strong><p>Golem virkar fyrst og fremst sem verndarvera og t\u00f6frat\u00e6ki. S\u00f6gulega eru Golem-verur \u00feekktar sem l\u00edfver\u00f0ir \u00ed Prag \u00e1 16. \u00f6ld undir stj\u00f3rn Rabbi Jehuda Loew ben Bezalel, s\u00e9rstaklega til varnar gegn ofs\u00f3knum.<\/p><p>Sefer Yetzirah-hef\u00f0in l\u00fdsir sk\u00f6puninni me\u00f0 st\u00f6fum og gu\u00f0legum n\u00f6fnum sem alheimsskapandi (kosm\u00f3gon\u00edskt) l\u00f6gm\u00e1l, \u00fear sem Golem t\u00e1knar m\u00f3tun efnis me\u00f0 tungum\u00e1li. \u00cd s\u00ed\u00f0ari kabbal\u00edskum kerfum t\u00e1knar Golem m\u00f6rkin milli skapara og sk\u00f6punarverks: vitandi hlutur \u00e1n frj\u00e1ls vilja, sj\u00e1lfvirkt fyrirb\u00e6ri \u00far leir og letri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verndargripir<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Golem er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 bindast eins og illa anda, \u00fev\u00ed hann er ekki illt vera heldur verkf\u00e6ri. V\u00f6rn gegn misnotkun golems: rabb\u00ednskt eftirlit og d\u00f3mgreind (r\u00e9ttur \u00e1setningur, r\u00e9tt or\u00f0a-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Athafnir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 gang tilverunnar me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ath\u00f6fnum e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdur<\/span>), si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg takm\u00f6rkun (ey\u00f0ing golems \u00e1 hv\u00edldardegi e\u00f0a \u00feegar verkefni er loki\u00f0), vitund um \u00e1h\u00e6ttuna (golem getur or\u00f0i\u00f0 verkf\u00e6ri \u00f3rei\u00f0u ef stj\u00f3rn glatast).<\/p><p>\u00cd reynd: fjarl\u00e6ging <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Texti sem er ristur e\u00f0a marka\u00f0ur \u00ed fastan efnivi\u00f0.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1letrunar<\/span> e\u00f0a upplausn nafnbindingar. Gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega: vir\u00f0ing fyrir m\u00f6rkum sk\u00f6punar (a\u00f0eins Gu\u00f0 skapar \u00ed raun; ma\u00f0urinn getur a\u00f0eins l\u00edkt eftir).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samb\u00e6rilegar f\u00edg\u00farur eru homunculus evr\u00f3pskrar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fornaldarleg samruni n\u00e1tt\u00faruspeki og t\u00e1knfr\u00e6\u00f0i; vinnur me\u00f0 efnabreytingar sem innri umbreytingu.\">gullger\u00f0arlistar<\/span> (Paracelsus, F\u00e1st-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uppbyggileg saga, oft um l\u00edf heilagra.\" tabindex=\"0\">helgisaga<\/span>), golemar \u00ed hind\u00faa-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Heildarsafn arfleifra gu\u00f0asagna \u00ed menningu.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span> (Shakti-sk\u00f6punarverk), k\u00ednverskir leirkrigar (Qin-terrakottahersveitin), hinn bibl\u00edulegi Adam (leir og gu\u00f0legt or\u00f0), og golemar n\u00fat\u00edma v\u00edsindask\u00e1ldskapar (Frankenstein sem b\u00f3kmenntalegur eftirma\u00f0ur golemsins). \u00d6ll \u00feessi tilbrig\u00f0i eiga sammerkt: gervil\u00edf, framleitt me\u00f0 g\u00f6ldrum e\u00f0a v\u00edsindum, si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0, og ofurmannlegur kraftur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Golem, hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum menningarheimum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Helgiathafnir og bindingarathafnir<\/h3><p>Sefer Yetzirah-a\u00f0fer\u00f0in krefst samsetninga \u00e1 hebresku b\u00f3kst\u00f6funum 22 auk umbreytandi huglei\u00f0slu um hin gu\u00f0legu n\u00f6fn. A\u00f0fer\u00f0 Maharals nota\u00f0i b\u00f3kstafasamsetningar og Shem ha-Meforasch (72-nafna-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Athafnir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 gang atbur\u00f0a me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum handbr\u00f6g\u00f0um e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdri<\/span>). A\u00f0 \u00feurrka \u00fat lokastafinn aleph \u00far \u201eEmet\u201c (sannleikur) \u2192 \u201eMet\u201c (dau\u00f0i) var talin a\u00f0fer\u00f0 til a\u00f0 sl\u00f6kkva \u00e1 veru golemsins. Prag-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uppbyggileg fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn, oftast um l\u00edf d\u00fdrlinga.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00f6gnin<\/span> var\u00f0veitir munnlega geymdar form\u00falur; s\u00f6guleg ritheimildir eru brotakenndar.<\/p><h3>Ritmagi og nafnagaldur<\/h3><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Texti sem ristur e\u00f0a meitla\u00f0ur er \u00ed fastan efnisbur\u00f0.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00c1letrunin<\/span> \u00e1 enni golemsins, venjulega or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201eEmet\u201c (sannleikur), byggist \u00e1 kabbal\u00edskri b\u00f3kstafadulspeki. Rabb\u00ednskar heimildir benda til umbreytandi t\u00e6kni sem einnig kemur fram \u00ed Bahir og Zohar. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skipul\u00f6g\u00f0 r\u00f6\u00f0 t\u00e1knr\u00e6nna athafna me\u00f0 tr\u00faarlega e\u00f0a menningarlega merkingu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ath\u00f6fnin<\/span> tilheyrir hagn\u00fdtri kabbala, sem Gedaliah ibn Yahya skr\u00e1\u00f0i \u00e1 16. \u00f6ld.<\/p><h3>Verndart\u00e1kn og verndargripir<\/h3><p>Golemurinn sj\u00e1lfur er gangandi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlutur sem borinn er \u00e1 s\u00e9r og talinn hafa verndandi, \u00f3g\u00e6fuafst\u00fdrandi m\u00e1tt.\" tabindex=\"0\">verndargripur<\/span>, l\u00edkami hans ber hi\u00f0 virka t\u00e1kn. Sem hlutur <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Athafnir sem reyna a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 gang atbur\u00f0a me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum handbr\u00f6g\u00f0um e\u00f0a form\u00falum.\" tabindex=\"0\">galdurs<\/span> birtist golemurinn \u00ed kabbal\u00edskum handritas\u00f6fnum sem fyrirmynd efnislegrar birtingar. Hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ar verndarathafnir eru serfen (bindingarform\u00falur) og notkun yichudim (nafnasamsetninga) \u00e1 b\u00f3kfellum.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gy\u00f0ingleg hef\u00f0:<\/strong> Golemurinn er algj\u00f6rlega gy\u00f0inglegur; engin \u00f6nnur gy\u00f0ingleg hef\u00f0 er \u00e1n hans. En hinn bibl\u00edulegi Adam er beinn forveri: \u201eGu\u00f0 mynda\u00f0i Adam \u00far mold og anda\u00f0i l\u00edfi \u00ed hann\u201c (1. M\u00f3seb\u00f3k 2:7).<\/p><p>Dulspekingar t\u00falku\u00f0u \u00feetta sem sk\u00f6punarl\u00edkan fyrir golema. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00f0ingleg dulspeki me\u00f0 helstu ritum Sefer Yetzira, Zohar og l\u00far\u00ed\u00f6nsku sk\u00f3lanum.\">Kabbala<\/span> leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 kraft b\u00f3kstafanna, s\u00e9rstaklega hinna \u00feriggja stafa nafns Gu\u00f0s, sem l\u00edfgandi frumreglu. Rabb\u00ednsk si\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i: golemurinn er verkf\u00e6ri, ekki pers\u00f3na, en me\u00f0 r\u00edkri \u00e1byrg\u00f0arv\u00eddd.<\/p><p><strong>Gr\u00edsk-r\u00f3mverski heimurinn:<\/strong> Dem\u00ed\u00fargos Platons (handverksgu\u00f0inn) skapar hinn efnislega heim, hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt golem-sk\u00f6puninni. Pr\u00f3me\u00feeifur m\u00f3tar menn \u00far leir (\u00e1hugavert gr\u00edskt bergm\u00e1l af leir-sk\u00f6punar<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Var\u00f0veitt fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn um gu\u00f0i, uppruna og skipan heimsins.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0s\u00f6gninni<\/span>). Hefaistos skapar v\u00e9lr\u00e6na menn (gullna sj\u00e1lfvirka). Engin bein samfella, en byggingarleg l\u00edkindi: mannger\u00f0ar verur, gu\u00f0leg eftirl\u00edking.<\/p><p><strong>Mes\u00f3p\u00f3tam\u00eda:<\/strong> Enuma Elisch: Marduk skapar menn \u00far bl\u00f3\u00f0i hins sigra\u00f0a dj\u00f6fuls, t\u00f6frask\u00f6pun \u00far frumefni. Engir leir-golemar, en t\u00f6frakennd sk\u00f6pun gervi-l\u00edfs. \u00c1\u00feekk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg kennisetning um gu\u00f0 og tr\u00fa tiltekinnar tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a.\" tabindex=\"0\">gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span>: mannlegt l\u00edf sem t\u00f6fraverkf\u00e6ri gu\u00f0anna.<\/p><p><strong>Indland\/As\u00eda:<\/strong> Hind\u00faa-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Heildarsafn var\u00f0veittra go\u00f0sagna tiltekinnar menningar.\" tabindex=\"0\">go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/span>: Durga e\u00f0a Shiva skapa Shakti-birtingarmyndir me\u00f0 vilja\/orku, \u00e1\u00feekkt vakningu golems. Kali-myndir eru sj\u00e1lfl\u00edfga\u00f0ar \u00e1n utana\u00f0komandi sk\u00f6punar. B\u00fadd\u00edskir yidamar eru sj\u00f3nr\u00e6nar go\u00f0averur, ekki efnislega birtar l\u00edkt og golemar. T\u00edbeskur galdur: Tulpur (hugarmyndir l\u00edfga\u00f0ar me\u00f0 einbeitingu) eru ef til vill n\u00e1nasta hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0an, en eru \u00f3l\u00edkamlegar frekar en \u00far leir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac49763 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpac49763\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcddfbc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpcddfbc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Or\u00f0i\u00f0 golem: fr\u00e1 Bibl\u00edunni til leirmyndarins<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1b272e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb1b272e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb8526b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb8526b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hebreska or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>golem<\/em> kemur a\u00f0eins fyrir einu sinni \u00ed Hebresku bibl\u00edunni, \u00ed S\u00e1lmunum, \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 merkir \u00f3forma\u00f0 efni e\u00f0a \u00f3fullger\u00f0 \u00e1stand, h\u00e9r v\u00edsa\u00f0 til l\u00edkama sem enn er \u00ed m\u00f3tun. \u00dat fr\u00e1 \u00feessari grunnmerkingu hins \u00f3fullger\u00f0a, hr\u00e1a og \u00f3forma\u00f0a \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ist s\u00ed\u00f0ari notkun or\u00f0sins.<\/p><p>\u00cd rabb\u00ednskum ritum er <em>golem<\/em> nota\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fdmsa vegu, me\u00f0al annars um \u00f3uppl\u00fdstan e\u00f0a andlega \u00f3fullger\u00f0an mann e\u00f0a um hlut sem hefur ekki hloti\u00f0 s\u00edna endanlegu mynd.<\/p><p>\u00c1 mj\u00f6g r\u00e6ddum sta\u00f0 \u00ed bab\u00fdlonska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A\u00f0alrit rabb\u00ednskrar hef\u00f0ar innan j\u00fadatr\u00faar me\u00f0 \u00fatlegging \u00e1 tr\u00faarhef\u00f0inni.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talm\u00fadinu<\/span> er sagt fr\u00e1 l\u00e6r\u00f0um manni sem skapa\u00f0i veru og sendi hana til annars l\u00e6r\u00f0s manns, sem tala\u00f0i vi\u00f0 veruna en f\u00e9kk ekkert svar og l\u00e9t hana \u00fev\u00ed hverfa aftur \u00ed \u00f6sku.<\/p><p>\u00c1 sama sta\u00f0 er greint fr\u00e1 tveimur l\u00e6r\u00f0um m\u00f6nnum sem reglulega fengust vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skapa k\u00e1lf. \u00deessar stuttu athugasemdir eru elstu vitnisbur\u00f0irnir um \u00fe\u00e1 hugmynd a\u00f0 vitrir menn geti me\u00f0 \u00feekkingu sinni skapa\u00f0 lifandi veru.<\/p><p>St\u00f6kki\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00feessari kn\u00f6ppu v\u00edsbendingu \u00ed Talm\u00fadinu til hinnar full\u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u hugmyndar um veru m\u00f3ta\u00f0a \u00far leir og l\u00edfga\u00f0a me\u00f0 b\u00f3kst\u00f6fum e\u00f0a gu\u00f0snafni \u00e1tti s\u00e9r ekki sta\u00f0 fyrr en \u00e1 mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum.<\/p><p>Hugmyndin var \u00fev\u00ed ekki til fr\u00e1 upphafi sem heilleg saga, heldur var\u00f0 til \u00e1 \u00f6ldum saman \u00far dreif\u00f0um brotum. Til a\u00f0 skilja golem-veruna er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hafa \u00feessa \u00fer\u00f3un \u00ed huga \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir einni samfelldri, fornri hef\u00f0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c39f58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c39f58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2f7236 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa2f7236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sefer Jets\u00edr\u00e1 og skapandi i\u00f0kun \u00e1 mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa34f4f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa34f4f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp05fc40e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp05fc40e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lykilhlutverk \u00ed s\u00f6gu golem-hugmyndarins leikur <em>Sefer Jets\u00edr\u00e1<\/em>, B\u00f3k sk\u00f6punarinnar, knappt og illa t\u00edmasett rit sem tengir tilur\u00f0 heimsins vi\u00f0 b\u00f3kstafi hebreska stafr\u00f3fsins og t\u00f6lur.<\/p><p>L\u00e6r\u00f0ir j\u00fadaskir menn \u00e1 mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 askenas\u00edsku sv\u00e6\u00f0unum, l\u00e1su \u00feetta rit einnig sem lei\u00f0arv\u00edsi. S\u00e1 sem n\u00e1\u00f0i fullkomnu valdi \u00e1 samsetningum b\u00f3kstafanna g\u00e6ti, samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessari hugmynd, teki\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed skapandi krafti tungum\u00e1lsins sj\u00e1lfs.<\/p><p>\u00dar \u00feessu umhverfi koma fyrstu \u00edtarlegri l\u00fdsingarnar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig golem er b\u00fainn til. Sagt er fr\u00e1 m\u00f3tun mannl\u00edkrar veru \u00far j\u00f6r\u00f0, umfer\u00f0um \u00ed kringum hana, upph\u00e1tt lesnum e\u00f0a skrifu\u00f0um b\u00f3kstafasamsetningum og n\u00f6fnum.<\/p><p>\u00deessar l\u00fdsingar eru oft \u00ed togstreitu: \u00fe\u00e6r l\u00fdsa m\u00f6gulegri i\u00f0kun en leggja jafnframt \u00e1herslu \u00e1 h\u00e6ttuna sem henni fylgir e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 lotningu sem sl\u00edkt ath\u00e6fi krefst. Ma\u00f0urinn sem skapar golem endurgerir sk\u00f6punarverki\u00f0 og n\u00e1lgast \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0in m\u00f6rk.<\/p><p>Ranns\u00f3knir, h\u00e9r er s\u00e9rstaklega vert a\u00f0 nefna grundvallarranns\u00f3kn Gershom Scholem \u00e1 golem-hugmyndinni, hafa s\u00fdnt a\u00f0 golem \u00ed \u00feessum textum var \u00ed upphafi s\u00ed\u00f0ur nytsamur \u00fej\u00f3nn en fremur andlegt vi\u00f0fangsefni til \u00edhugunar og \u00feekkingarleitar.<\/p><p>Sk\u00f6pun hans \u00fej\u00f3na\u00f0i dulspekilegu n\u00e1mi, endurger\u00f0 sk\u00f6punarverksins, ekki hagn\u00fdtum tilgangi. Golem sem starfandi hj\u00e1lparhella og verndari samf\u00e9lags er s\u00ed\u00f0ari \u00fatg\u00e1fa efnisins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3db2ced e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3db2ced\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27f5120 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27f5120\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Golem Prags og rabb\u00ed L\u00f6w: tilur\u00f0 sagnar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2cae17 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa2cae17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0770e35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0770e35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00deekktasta golem-sagan \u00ed dag er sagan um golem Prags, sem sag\u00f0ur er hafa veri\u00f0 skapa\u00f0ur af l\u00e6rd\u00f3msmanninum Jeh\u00fada L\u00f6w ben Bezalel, hinum svokalla\u00f0a Maharal fr\u00e1 Prag, \u00e1 sext\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld til a\u00f0 vernda j\u00fad\u00edska samf\u00e9lagi\u00f0.<\/p><p>Athyglisvert er a\u00f0 \u00feessi tenging golem-efnisins vi\u00f0 hina s\u00f6gulegu pers\u00f3nu Maharal er ekki sannanleg \u00ed heimildum fr\u00e1 sext\u00e1ndu og sautj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. Maharal var mikilv\u00e6gur l\u00e6rd\u00f3msma\u00f0ur, en samt\u00edmavitnisbur\u00f0ir tengja hann ekki vi\u00f0 golem.<\/p><p>Ranns\u00f3knir t\u00edmasetja myndun Prag-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uppbyggjandi fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn, oftast um l\u00edf heilagra manna.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gunnar<\/span> ekki fyrr en \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu og fyrst og fremst n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld.<\/p><p>\u00c1 \u00feessum t\u00edma ur\u00f0u til s\u00f6fn og \u00fatg\u00e1fur sem tengdu golem fast vi\u00f0 Prag og rabb\u00ed L\u00f6w og b\u00e6ttu vi\u00f0 fr\u00e1s\u00f6gnina minnum eins og l\u00edfgandi se\u00f0linum \u00ed munni golem, vikulegri kyrrsetningu \u00e1 hv\u00edldardegi og verunni sem a\u00f0 lokum fer \u00far b\u00f6ndum.<\/p><p>S\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1hrifamiki\u00f0 safn var gefi\u00f0 \u00fat \u00ed upphafi tuttugustu aldar og gaf <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uppbyggjandi fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn, oftast um l\u00edf heilagra manna.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gunni<\/span> \u00fe\u00e1 mynd sem h\u00fan hefur enn \u00feann dag \u00ed dag.<\/p><p>\u00deannig er golem Prags d\u00e6mi um hef\u00f0 sem er yngri en h\u00fan l\u00e6tur \u00ed ve\u00f0ri vaka.<\/p><p>H\u00fan tengir saman dulspekilegt efni fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum og s\u00f6gulega pers\u00f3nu fr\u00e1 upphafi n\u00fdaldar, en tengingin sj\u00e1lf er af n\u00fdaldarr\u00f3tum. \u00dea\u00f0 r\u00fdrir ekki menningarleg \u00e1hrif hennar, \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti: \u00fea\u00f0 er einmitt \u00ed \u00feessari s\u00ed\u00f0ger\u00f0u, b\u00f3kmenntalega fullkomnu\u00f0u mynd sem golem hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 fastur hluti af evr\u00f3pskri sagnaarfleif\u00f0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfd4d3fb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpfd4d3fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp40d9c26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp40d9c26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f3ttaka: fr\u00e1 hryllingssk\u00e1lds\u00f6gu til t\u00e1knmyndar t\u00e6kninnar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9000c67 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9000c67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpadbf7af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpadbf7af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>\u00c1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld var\u00f0 Golem a\u00f0 miki\u00f0 notu\u00f0u efni \u00ed b\u00f3kmenntum, kvikmyndum og listum. Sk\u00e1ldsagan <em>Der Golem<\/em> eftir Gustav Meyrink, gefin \u00fat 1915, n\u00fdtir pers\u00f3nuna s\u00ed\u00f0ur sem athafnasama vera en sem stemningarfullt og s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endurteki\u00f0 innihaldslegt atri\u00f0i \u00ed list e\u00f0a fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn.\" tabindex=\"0\">minni<\/span> \u00ed gy\u00f0ingahverfi Prag.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>F\u00e1um \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar ur\u00f0u til nokkrar \u00fe\u00f6glar myndir, \u00fear sem kvikmynd Paul Wegener fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 1920 er \u00feekktust og hefur m\u00f3ta\u00f0 varanlega hina sj\u00f3nr\u00e6nu \u00edmynd Golems sem \u00feunga, leirlita\u00f0a veru.<\/span><\/p><p>Umfram \u00feessi verk var\u00f0 Golem a\u00f0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sk\u00fdr mynd sem stendur fyrir \u00f3hlutbundna hugmynd.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00e1knmynd<\/span> sem n\u00e6r langt \u00fat fyrir tr\u00faarlegan uppruna sinn. Oft er hann t\u00falka\u00f0ur sem fyrirrennari n\u00fat\u00edmahugmynda um hinn gervilega mann, allt fr\u00e1 v\u00e9lr\u00e6nni f\u00edg\u00faru yfir \u00ed \u00f3freskjuna \u00ed <em>Frankenstein<\/em> Mary Shelley og \u00e1fram til v\u00e9lmenna og gervigreindar.<\/p><p>\u00cd \u00feessum skilningi t\u00e1knar Golem spurninguna um hva\u00f0 gerist \u00feegar ma\u00f0urinn skapar eitthva\u00f0 lifandi e\u00f0a athafnasamt sem sleppur undan stj\u00f3rn hans. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endurteki\u00f0 innihaldslegt atri\u00f0i \u00ed list e\u00f0a fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn.\" tabindex=\"0\">Minni\u00f0<\/span> um sk\u00f6punarveru sem ver\u00f0ur h\u00e6ttuleg vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan tekur verkefni sitt of b\u00f3kstaflega e\u00f0a er ekki lengur unnt a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va, er h\u00e9r mi\u00f0l\u00e6gt.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00edsindin sem rannsaka tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0arlega og \u00e1n tr\u00faarlegrar afst\u00f6\u00f0u.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0in<\/span> m\u00e6lir h\u00e9r me\u00f0 a\u00f0greiningu. Vins\u00e6la Golem-t\u00e1kni\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0v\u00f6run gegn t\u00e6kni er n\u00fat\u00edmaleg t\u00falkun sem hefur a\u00f0 mestu skili\u00f0 eftir sig hina eldri, dulspekilegu merkingu, \u00fear sem endursk\u00f6punin var i\u00f0kun n\u00e1ms og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stutt, pers\u00f3nuleg e\u00f0a samf\u00e9lagsleg tr\u00faarleg \u00edhugun.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00e6nastundar<\/span>.<\/p><p>B\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feessi l\u00f6g heyra s\u00f6gu efnisins til, en \u00feeim \u00e6tti ekki a\u00f0 rugla saman. \u00c1\u00feekkar hugmyndir um \u00fea\u00f0 sem skapa\u00f0 er me\u00f0 \u00feekkingu finnast einnig \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum hef\u00f0um <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/?page_id=168596\">gy\u00f0ingd\u00f3msins<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cdtarefni og tenglar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heimildir (\u00farval)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cdsraelskur tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0asagnfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur (1897\u20131982); frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull n\u00fat\u00edma Kabbala-fr\u00e6\u00f0a.\">Gershom Scholem<\/span>: <em>Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism<\/em>. Schocken Books, 1954.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Moshe Idel: <em>Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid<\/em>. SUNY Press, 1990.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Elliot Wolfson: <em>Language, Eros, Being: Kabbalistic Hermeneutics and Poetic Imagination<\/em>. Fordham University Press, 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Peter Cole (ed.): <em>The Dream of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from the Bible to the Present<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 2007.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1608,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Golem","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Golem - tilb\u00fain vera \u00far leiri e\u00f0a j\u00f6r\u00f0","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Golem, sem hefur var\u00f0veist \u00ed gy\u00f0inglegri sk\u00f6punarm\u00fdst\u00edk um aldir: f\u00edg\u00fara \u00far leiri, l\u00edfgu\u00f0 me\u00f0 nafni Gu\u00f0s, Prag-go\u00f0s\u00f6gnin um rabb\u00ed Judah Loew.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"judentum","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-168863","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Golem - tilb\u00fain vera \u00far leiri e\u00f0a j\u00f6r\u00f0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Golem, sem hefur var\u00f0veist \u00ed gy\u00f0inglegri sk\u00f6punarm\u00fdst\u00edk um aldir: f\u00edg\u00fara \u00far leiri, l\u00edfgu\u00f0 me\u00f0 nafni Gu\u00f0s, Prag-go\u00f0s\u00f6gnin um rabb\u00ed Judah Loew.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/is\/golem\/\" 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