{"id":53742,"date":"2026-07-30T19:29:47","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:29:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tsongkhapa-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T19:30:15","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:30:15","slug":"tsongkhapa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/tsongkhapa\/","title":{"rendered":"Tsongkhapa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53742\" class=\"elementor elementor-53742 elementor-3052\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff07ec5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ff07ec5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2587cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2587cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2283551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2283551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c119749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tsongkhapa, a Gelug-iskola alap\u00edt\u00f3ja<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f77872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f77872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa Lobszang Dragpa (1357-1419) tibeti tud\u00f3s, kolostorreformer \u00e9s a Gelug-hagyom\u00e1ny (\u201eAz er\u00e9nyesek iskol\u00e1ja&#8221;) alap\u00edt\u00f3ja volt, amely a 17. sz\u00e1zad \u00f3ta a tibeti buddhizmus vall\u00e1si \u00e9s politikai szempontb\u00f3l meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 ir\u00e1nyzata.<\/p><p>Ebb\u0151l az iskol\u00e1b\u00f3l n\u0151tt ki a dalai l\u00e1m\u00e1k \u00e9s a panchen l\u00e1m\u00e1k vonala. Tsongkhapa a tibeti buddhizmus t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek egyik legjelent\u0151sebb rendszerez\u0151jek\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon, aki kiterjedt munk\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1val \u00e9s a Ganden kolostor megalap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val meghat\u00e1rozta a skolasztikus hagyom\u00e1nyt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab9f544 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ab9f544\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c85aa6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c85aa6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Isten \/ Istenn\u0151: Egy kult\u00fara panteonj\u00e1nak megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett legf\u0151bb hatalma, j\u00f3l meghat\u00e1rozott hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r\u00f6kkel: term\u00e9szeti er\u0151k, sors, h\u00e1bor\u00fa, term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g. Kultuszok, \u00e1ldozatok \u00e9s templomi int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyek r\u00e9v\u00e9n tisztelik.\">Isten<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/tibet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tibeti buddhista \u00e9s B\u00f6n-hagyom\u00e1ny: Yidam, Dharmap\u00e1la, Naga-vil\u00e1g.\">Tibet<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9c56ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9c56ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d86f7 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"16d86f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-473c36f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"473c36f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07c53db iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"07c53db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3272\" alt=\"Tsongkhapa - G\u00f6tter aus der Tibet-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5b4e8 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec5b4e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c96e6c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c96e6c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"238d336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9let\u00fat \u00e9s \u00e9letrajz<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54cceea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54cceea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Congkapa Kelet-Tibet Amdo r\u00e9gi\u00f3j\u00e1ban sz\u00fcletett, a mai Csinghajban. Sz\u00fclet\u00e9si hely\u00e9t Congkh\u00e1val azonos\u00edtj\u00e1k, ami neki a \u201eCongkha embere&#8221; mell\u00e9knevet hozta. Els\u0151 vall\u00e1sos tanulm\u00e1nyait egy k\u00f6zeli, a nyingma- \u00e9s kadampa-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz tartoz\u00f3 kolostorban v\u00e9gezte.<\/p><p>16 \u00e9ves kor\u00e1ban K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Tibetbe utazott, hogy a Szangphu \u00e9s Nethang nagy kolostoraiban tanuljon. Az azt k\u00f6vet\u0151 h\u00e1rom \u00e9vtizedben t\u00f6bb kolostor k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozgott, \u00e9s az akkori valamennyi jelent\u0151s hagyom\u00e1ny tan\u00edt\u00f3it\u00f3l tanult.<\/p> <p>Robert Thurman a &#8222;Life and Teachings of Tsong Khapa&#8221; (1982) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben r\u00e9szletesen bemutatta Tsongkhapa \u00e9let\u00fatj\u00e1t, \u00e9s megmutatta, hogy oktat\u00e1spolitik\u00e1ja tudatosan az akkori \u00f6sszes tanulm\u00e1nyi hagyom\u00e1ny integr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyult.<\/p><p>Legfontosabb tan\u00edt\u00f3ja a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">Szutra<\/span>-tanulm\u00e1nyok ter\u00e9n Drakpa Gyaltsen volt, a tantrikus tanulm\u00e1nyok ter\u00e9n els\u0151sorban Khedrup Je \u00e9s Gyaltsab Je. Egy m\u00e1sik fontos tan\u00edt\u00f3ja a Szakja-mester Rendawa Shy\u00f6nnu Lodr\u00f6 volt, aki k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a Madhyamaka-filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1ban k\u00e9pezte. Ez a sz\u00e9les k\u00e9pz\u00e9si alap meghat\u00e1rozta a Gelug-iskola k\u00e9s\u0151bbi arculat\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f64bbb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f64bbb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f9ab83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f9ab83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vall\u00e1sfiloz\u00f3fiai program<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bbbea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bbbea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa filoz\u00f3fiai programja a tud\u00f3s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sz\u00fatra<\/span>-hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9s a tantrikus gyakorlat szigor\u00fa egyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyult.<\/p><p>Ragaszkodott ahhoz, hogy mindk\u00e9t utat meghat\u00e1rozott sorrendben kell teljes\u00edteni: el\u0151sz\u00f6r a szerzetesi szab\u00e1lyzat (Vinaya) alapjai, majd a szisztematikus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sz\u00fatra<\/span>-filoz\u00f3fia Madhyamaka- \u00e9s Pramana-m\u00e9rc\u00e9k szerint, v\u00e9g\u00fcl a tantrikus beavat\u00e1sok \u00e9s gyakorlatok. Ez a fokozatoss\u00e1g lett a Gelug tanulm\u00e1nyi reformj\u00e1nak alapja \u00e9s a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi tibeti kolostori k\u00e9pz\u00e9s norm\u00e1ja.<\/p>\n\n<p>Legjelent\u0151sebb m\u0171ve a \u201eLam Rim Chenmo&#8221;, \u201eA megvil\u00e1gosod\u00e1shoz vezet\u0151 fokozatos \u00f6sv\u00e9ny nagy tanfolyama&#8221;, amelyet 1402-ben fejezett be, \u00e9s amely egy b\u00f3dhiszattva szellemi \u00fatj\u00e1t h\u00e1rom szinten (csek\u00e9ly, k\u00f6zepes, magasabb motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3) mutatja be.<\/p><p>Donald Lopez \u00e9s Joshua Cutler t\u00f6bb k\u00f6tetben leford\u00edtotta a m\u0171vet angolra, \u00e9s megvil\u00e1g\u00edtotta annak filoz\u00f3fiai el\u0151feltev\u00e9seit. A Gelug-hagyom\u00e1ny k\u00f6zponti tank\u00f6nyvek\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon, amelyet a mai napig memoriz\u00e1lnak \u00e9s komment\u00e1lnak a kolostorokban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157b82d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"157b82d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b04173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b04173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Madhyamaka-\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8154cdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8154cdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A filoz\u00f3fia ter\u00fclet\u00e9n Tsongkhap\u00e1t els\u0151sorban Nagarjuna Madhyamaka-iskol\u00e1j\u00e1nak \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l ismerik. Egy \u00fan. \u201eprasangika-madhyamaka&#8221; \u00e1ll\u00e1spontot k\u00e9pviselt, amely elutas\u00edtott minden tartalmi kijelent\u00e9st a v\u00e9gs\u0151 val\u00f3s\u00e1gr\u00f3l, \u00e9s a \u201e\u00fcress\u00e9g&#8221; (\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101) tan\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00f6vetkezetesen dialektikusan fejtette ki.<\/p><p>F\u0151 m\u0171ve ezen a ter\u00fcleten a \u201eGondolatok tisztas\u00e1ga&#8221; (\u201edgongs pa rab gsal&#8221;), amelyben az indiai Madhyamika Candrakirti komment\u00e1rhagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1t fogadta be \u00e9s v\u00e9delmezte az elt\u00e9r\u0151 \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sekkel szemben.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n az \u201eA Dose of Emptiness&#8221; (1992) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban megmutatta, hogy Tsongkhapa Madhyamaka-\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se d\u00f6nt\u0151 pontokon k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u00f6tt a kor\u00e1bbi tibeti olvasatokt\u00f3l. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen elutas\u00edtotta azt az elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9st, hogy az \u00fcress\u00e9g egy \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3, pozit\u00edvan meghat\u00e1rozhat\u00f3 abszol\u00fatumk\u00e9nt lenne \u00e9rthet\u0151.<\/p><p>Ez az \u00e1ll\u00e1spont ellentmond\u00e1st v\u00e1ltott ki a Nyingma- \u00e9s Sakya-iskol\u00e1k soraib\u00f3l, amelyek k\u00e9pvisel\u0151i t\u00fal szigor\u00fa negativit\u00e1ssal v\u00e1dolt\u00e1k. Az ez\u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott \u201e\u00fcress\u00e9g-vita&#8221; t\u00f6bb \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadon \u00e1t meghat\u00e1rozta a tibeti filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3deba7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3deba7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea81549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea81549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tantrikus m\u0171vek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b27c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0b27c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sz\u00fatra<\/span>-tanulm\u00e1nyok mellett Tsongkhapa a legmagasabb tantrikus j\u00f3g\u00e1k jelent\u0151s tud\u00f3sa \u00e9s gyakorl\u00f3ja volt. A \u201esngags rim chen mo&#8221; (\u201eA mantr\u00e1k nagy tanfolyama&#8221;, 1405) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171ve a \u201eLam Rim Chenmo&#8221; tantrikus p\u00e1rdarabja.<\/p><p>A tantrikus gyakorlatokat n\u00e9gy oszt\u00e1lyba rendezi (Kriya-, Carya-, Yoga-, Anuttarayoga-Tantra), \u00e9s mindegyikhez megadja az el\u0151felt\u00e9teleket, m\u00f3dszereket \u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyeket. Ez a szisztematikus rend lett a Gelug-Tantra-k\u00e9pz\u00e9s alapja.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tsongkhapa emellett a Guhyasamaja-Tantra fontos komment\u00e1tora volt, amelyet a legk\u00f6zpontibb Anuttarayoga-Tantrak\u00e9nt tekintett. A Chakrasamvara- \u00e9s a Yamantaka-Tantra szint\u00e9n intenz\u00edv komment\u00e1l\u00f3 tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9nek ter\u00fcletei voltak. Christian Wedemeyer Aryadev\u00e1val \u00e9s Candrakirtivel foglalkoz\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyaiban megmutatta, hogyan kapcsolta \u00f6ssze Tsongkhapa a Tantra-hagyom\u00e1nyt a Madhyamaka-filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1val egy egys\u00e9ges \u00e1tfog\u00f3 koncepci\u00f3v\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b335914 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b335914\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd96f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd96f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Ganden kolostor alap\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a nagy ima<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a857d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a857d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1409-ben Tsongkhapa elind\u00edtotta a \u201eMonlam Chenmo&#8221; szertart\u00e1st, \u201eLhasa nagy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Az ember nyelvi fordulata egy istens\u00e9ghez.\" tabindex=\"0\">im\u00e1j\u00e1t<\/span>&#8222;, egy 21 napos kolostori \u00fcnnepet, amelyet \u00e9vente a tibeti \u00faj\u00e9v alkalm\u00e1val tartottak, \u00e9s amely ezr\u00e9vel hozta \u00f6ssze a szerzeteseket \u00e9s a laikusokat.<\/p><p>Ez az \u00fcnnep Tsongkhapa reformmozgalm\u00e1t a tibeti vall\u00e1si \u00e9let l\u00e1that\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151jek\u00e9nt szil\u00e1rd\u00edtotta meg. Ugyanebben az \u00e9vben alap\u00edtotta a Ganden kolostort egy Lhasz\u00e1t\u00f3l keletre fekv\u0151 hegyen, amely a Gelug-hagyom\u00e1ny anyakolostor\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb k\u00f6vetkezett Drepung alap\u00edt\u00e1sa (1416-ban Jamyang Choje, Tsongkhapa egyik tan\u00edtv\u00e1nya \u00e1ltal) \u00e9s S\u00e9r\u00e1\u00e9 (1419-ben Sakya Yeshe, szint\u00e9n egy tan\u00edtv\u00e1ny \u00e1ltal). Ez a h\u00e1rom kolostor, a \u201eh\u00e1rom tudom\u00e1nyos sz\u00e9khely&#8221;, a tibeti buddhizmus legnagyobb kolostori komplexumaiv\u00e1 n\u0151tte ki mag\u00e1t, \u00e9s vir\u00e1gkor\u00e1ban egyenk\u00e9nt t\u00f6bb ezer szerzetest fogadott be.<\/p><p>Per S\u00f8rensen a tibeti kolostort\u00f6rt\u00e9nettel foglalkoz\u00f3 munk\u00e1iban megmutatta, hogy a Gelug-iskola alap\u00edt\u00e1si hull\u00e1ma a 15. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Tibet gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s politikai \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1t hozta mag\u00e1val.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68a198a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68a198a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31e0675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31e0675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A kolostori rend reformja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83c8358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83c8358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s hangs\u00falyt fektetett a Vinaya, a szerzetesi szab\u00e1lyzat szigor\u00fa betart\u00e1s\u00e1ra. B\u00edr\u00e1lta a kor\u00e1ban elterjedt kolostori szab\u00e1lyzat \u00e9s tantrikus gyakorlat kevered\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s ragaszkodott ahhoz, hogy a szerzetesek c\u00f6lib\u00e1tusban \u00e9ljenek \u00e9s tarts\u00e1k be a hagyom\u00e1nyos \u00e9tkez\u00e9si el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sokat.<\/p><p>Ez a szigor\u00fas\u00e1g szerezte meg neki a \u201em\u00e1sodik Buddha&#8221; (\u201esangs rgyas gnyis pa&#8221;) mell\u00e9knevet, amelyet a Gelug-hagyom\u00e1nyban a mai napig haszn\u00e1lnak.<\/p>\n\n<p>A reform a tanulm\u00e1nyi rendet is \u00e9rintette. Tsongkhapa bevezette a f\u0151tanulm\u00e1nyok egy r\u00f6gz\u00edtett ciklus\u00e1t: Vinaya, Abhidharma, Pramana, Madhyamaka \u00e9s Prajnaparamita. Minden tanulm\u00e1ny t\u00f6bb \u00e9vig tartott, \u00e9s disput\u00e1ci\u00f3kkal \u00e9s vizsg\u00e1kkal z\u00e1rult.<\/p><p>Az \u00e1ltala \u00e9letre h\u00edvott \u201eGeshe-vizsg\u00e1k&#8221; rendszere v\u00e9g\u00fcl a \u201eGeshe Lharampa&#8221; fokozathoz vezetett, a Gelug-iskola legmagasabb akad\u00e9miai c\u00edm\u00e9hez. Donald Lopez a \u201eThe Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8221; (2006) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban feldolgozta e reform ismeretelm\u00e9leti \u00e9s int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyi jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3008 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29b3008\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-890b427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"890b427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hal\u00e1l \u00e9s ut\u00f3\u00e9let<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fb4c24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa 1419-ben halt meg a Ganden kolostorban. Bebalzsamozott holttest\u00e9t ott egy szt\u00fap\u00e1ban \u0151rizt\u00e9k, \u00e9s a kolostor kultur\u00e1lis forradalom idej\u00e9n bek\u00f6vetkezett puszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ig a tibeti buddhizmus egyik legfontosabb zar\u00e1ndokhelyek\u00e9nt tartott\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon.<\/p><p>Munk\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1t 18 k\u00f6tetbe gy\u0171jt\u00f6tt\u00e9k \u00f6ssze, \u00e9s a 17. sz\u00e1zadban a nevezetes lhaszai kiad\u00e1sban z\u00e1rt korpuszk\u00e9nt adt\u00e1k ki. Az ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151 \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokban sz\u00e1mos tud\u00f3s komment\u00e1lta m\u0171veit; egyed\u00fcl a \u201eLam Rim Chenmo&#8221;-nak t\u00f6bb mint 100 tibeti komment\u00e1rja sz\u00fcletett.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tsongkhapa napj\u00e1t, a tibeti 10. h\u00f3nap 25. napj\u00e1t, a mai napig \u201eGanden Ngamch\u00f6&#8221; n\u00e9vvel, hatalmas vajl\u00e1mp\u00e1s \u00fcnneps\u00e9gekkel \u00fclik meg. A modern tibeti buddhizmusban alakja nem korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dik a Gelug-iskol\u00e1ra; m\u00e1s hagyom\u00e1nyokban is jelent\u0151s tud\u00f3sk\u00e9nt becs\u00fclik, m\u00e9g ott is, ahol filoz\u00f3fiai \u00e1ll\u00e1spontjait elutas\u00edtj\u00e1k.<\/p><p>Geoffrey Samuel r\u00e1mutatott, hogy Tsongkhapa mint a tibeti buddhizmus int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyi kulcsfigur\u00e1ja hasonl\u00f3an alapvet\u0151 szerepet t\u00f6lt be, mint Aquin\u00f3i Tam\u00e1s a katolikus hagyom\u00e1nyban vagy Maimonid\u00e9sz a rabbinikus judaizmusban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d3352 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"91d3352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432921e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"432921e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nemzetk\u00f6zi recepci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15be08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d15be08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A nyugati tibetol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban \u00e9s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a vall\u00e1sokat \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerrel \u00e9s felekezeti k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcl kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyban<\/span> Tsongkhap\u00e1t Giuseppe Tucci munk\u00e1i \u00f3ta, a 20. sz\u00e1zad els\u0151 fel\u00e9t\u0151l, intenz\u00edven kutatj\u00e1k.<\/p><p>David Snellgrove, Robert Thurman, Donald Lopez, Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n \u00e9s Jan-Ulrich Sobisch t\u00f6bb alapvet\u0151 tanulm\u00e1nyban dolgozta fel munk\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1t. Tsongkhapa \u201eLam Rim Chenmo&#8221; m\u0171ve ma teljes angol ford\u00edt\u00e1sban el\u00e9rhet\u0151, \u00e9s v\u00e1logatott tantrikus sz\u00f6vegek kritikai kiad\u00e1sokban is hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151k.<\/p>\n\n<p>A modern tibeti emigr\u00e1ci\u00f3ban Tsongkhapa a Gelug-hagyom\u00e1ny azonos\u00edt\u00e1si alakjak\u00e9nt \u00e9s az int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyi folytonoss\u00e1g garant\u00e1l\u00f3jak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l. A 14. dalai l\u00e1ma, Tenzin Gyatso, sz\u00e1mos el\u0151ad\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s k\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a \u201eLam Rim Chenmo&#8221;-hoz \u00edrt komment\u00e1rjaiban, hangs\u00falyozta Tsongkhapa aktualit\u00e1s\u00e1t a jelenkori buddhista gyakorlat sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p><p>A specifikusan buddhista recepci\u00f3n k\u00edv\u00fcl Tsongkhap\u00e1t az eur\u00f3pai \u00e9s amerikai akad\u00e9miai filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1ban is az egyik legjelent\u0151sebb nem nyugati rendszerez\u0151k\u00e9nt fogadt\u00e1k be.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d55238 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d55238\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b9305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9b9305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cdr\u00e1skorpusz \u00e9s kiad\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b5746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80b5746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa \u201egsung &#8216;bum&#8221; (\u201e\u00d6sszegy\u0171jt\u00f6tt m\u0171vek&#8221;) kiad\u00e1sa a hagyom\u00e1nyos Tashilhunpo-kiad\u00e1sban tizennyolc k\u00f6tetet foglal mag\u00e1ban, amelyek k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 210 \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 m\u0171vet \u00e9s levelet tartalmaznak.<\/p><p>A \u201eLamrim Chenmo&#8221; (\u201eA megvil\u00e1gosod\u00e1shoz vezet\u0151 fokozatos \u00f6sv\u00e9ny nagy tanfolyama&#8221;, 1402) \u00e9s a \u201eNgakrim Chenmo&#8221; (\u201eA <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szent sz\u00f3tag vagy formula, amelyet a hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban ism\u00e9telten mondanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span> fokozatos \u00f6sv\u00e9ny\u00e9nek nagy tanfolyama&#8221;, 1405) mellett a \u201eDrang-nges legs-bshad snying-po&#8221; (\u201eAz ideiglenes \u00e9s a definit\u00edv megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9s\u00e9nek l\u00e9nyege&#8221;, 1408), a \u201eRigs pa&#8217;i rgya mtsho&#8221; (\u201eAz \u00e9rvel\u00e9s \u00f3ce\u00e1nja&#8221;, komment\u00e1r Nagarjuna M\u016blamadhyamakak\u0101rik\u0101j\u00e1hoz) \u00e9s a \u201eLhag mthong chen mo&#8221; (a Lamrim Chenmo megl\u00e1t\u00e1ssal foglalkoz\u00f3 k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u0151 irata) tartoznak a leghat\u00e1sosabb sz\u00f6vegek k\u00f6z\u00e9.<\/p><p>Robert A. F. Thurman a \u201eTsongkhapa&#8217;s Speech of Gold in the Essence of True Eloquence&#8221; (Princeton, 1984) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban teljes angol ford\u00edt\u00e1st adott k\u00f6zre a \u201eDrang-nges legs-bshad snying-po&#8221;-b\u00f3l b\u0151s\u00e9ges vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti appar\u00e1tussal; Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Cabez\u00f3n az \u201eA Dose of Emptiness&#8221; (Albany, 1992) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban mKhas-grub-rje Tsongkhapa Madhyamaka-tan\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00edrt komment\u00e1rj\u00e1nak ford\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00e9sz\u00edtette el.<\/p>\n<p>Tsongkhapa m\u0171veinek sz\u00f6vegkritikai felt\u00e1r\u00e1sa a \u201eSera Jey Library&#8221; \u00e9s a \u201eTibetan Buddhist Resource Center&#8221; (TBRC, 1999 \u00f3ta E. Gene Smith digitaliz\u00e1l\u00e1si projektje) r\u00e9v\u00e9n az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedekben jelent\u0151sen el\u0151rehaladt. Donald S. Lopez Jr. a \u201eThe Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8221; (Chicago, 2006) \u00e9s a Gelug-hermeneutik\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyaiban megmutatta, hogy Tsongkhapa komment\u00e1l\u00f3 technik\u00e1ja m\u00f3dszertanilag innovat\u00edv volt: Candrak\u012brti indiai Prasa\u1e45gika-st\u00edlus\u00e1t Dharmak\u012brti r\u00e9szletes ismeretelm\u00e9leti elemz\u00e9s\u00e9vel kombin\u00e1lta, \u00e9s ezzel egy hibrid megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st hozott l\u00e9tre, amely a k\u00e9s\u0151i Gelug-skolasztik\u00e1t eg\u00e9szen a huszadik sz\u00e1zadig meghat\u00e1rozta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e02b96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e02b96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5134f5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5134f5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A \u201esvatantra\"-vita k\u00f6r\u00fcli kontroverzija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce88a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ce88a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az egyik k\u00f6zponti tan\u00edt\u00e1si vita, amelyet Tsongkhapa a tibeti eszmet\u00f6rt\u00e9netbe hozott, arra a k\u00e9rd\u00e9sre vonatkozik, hogy a Madhyamak\u00e1ban megengedhet\u0151k-e az \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 logikai megalapoz\u00e1sok (svatantra-anum\u0101na, tib. \u201erang rgyud&#8221;), vagy kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyi k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9sek (prasa\u1e45ga) alkalmazhat\u00f3k-e. Tsongkhapa szigor\u00faan a Prasa\u1e45gika \u00e1ll\u00e1spontj\u00e1t foglalta el Buddhap\u0101lita \u00e9s Candrak\u012brti vonal\u00e1ban, szemben Bh\u0101vaviveka svatantrikak\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezett poz\u00edci\u00f3j\u00e1val.<\/p><p>Ez a pozicion\u00e1l\u00e1s a \u201eLhag mthong chen mo&#8221;-ban \u00e9s a \u201eRigs pa&#8217;i rgya mtsho&#8221;-ban van kidolgozva. Az ut\u00f3diskol\u00e1k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151k\u00e9ppen reag\u00e1ltak: a Sakya-tan\u00edt\u00f3k, Gorampa Sonam Senge (1429-1489) \u00e9s Shakya Chogden (1428-1507) \u00e9lesen ellentmondtak Tsongkhap\u00e1nak, amib\u0151l a 15. \u00e9s 16. sz\u00e1zad legfontosabb tibeti bels\u0151 filozofikus vit\u00e1ja keletkezett.<\/p>\n<p>Cabez\u00f3n \u00e9s Geshe Lobsang Dargyay t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban, amelyek a \u201eScholasticism&#8221; (Albany, 1998) k\u00f6tetben gy\u0171ltek \u00f6ssze, rekonstru\u00e1lta e vita \u00e9rvel\u00e9si vonalait. Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n a \u201eFreedom from Extremes&#8221; (Somerville, 2007) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban leford\u00edtotta Gorampa f\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9t, az \u201elTa ba&#8217;i shan &#8216;byed&#8221;-et (\u201eA n\u00e9zetek megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9se&#8221;), \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtotta Tsongkhapa \u00e1ll\u00e1spontj\u00e1val. Janet Gyatso a \u201eJournal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies&#8221; foly\u00f3iratban (27. k\u00f6t., 2004) megmutatta, hogy a vita nem maradt tiszt\u00e1n akad\u00e9miai jelleg\u0171, hanem eg\u00e9szen a 17. sz\u00e1zadig politikai k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekkel j\u00e1rt az egyes kolostork\u00f6zpontok helyzet\u00e9re n\u00e9zve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b68be83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b68be83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fd2180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fd2180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Viszony a B\u00f6n-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz \u00e9s a r\u00e9gebbi iskol\u00e1khoz<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55c1090 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55c1090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa reformprogramja nem jelentett teljes szak\u00edt\u00e1st a megl\u00e9v\u0151 tibeti vall\u00e1soss\u00e1ggal, hanem a megl\u00e9v\u0151 hagyom\u00e1nyokon bel\u00fcli \u00fajrarendez\u00e9s volt.<\/p><p>\u00c1tvette a kadampa-iskola l\u00e9nyeges elemeit, amely a 11. sz\u00e1zadban az indiai tan\u00edt\u00f3ra, Atis\u00e1ra vezethet\u0151 vissza, \u00e9s be\u00e9p\u00edtette azokat egy kib\u0151v\u00edtett filoz\u00f3fiai \u00e9s tantrikus koncepci\u00f3ba. A B\u00f6n-vall\u00e1ssal, a buddhizmus el\u0151tti tibeti hagyom\u00e1nnyal, kifejezetten tartotta a t\u00e1vols\u00e1got, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy k\u00e9pvisel\u0151it \u00fcld\u00f6zte volna.<\/p>\n\n<p>A nyingma-pa \u00e9s kagy\u00fc-pa hagyom\u00e1nyokkal szemben sem tan\u00fas\u00edtott politikai ellens\u00e9gesked\u00e9st, noha azok sz\u00e1mos r\u00e9gebbi indiai \u00e9s tibeti mesterek tantrikus vonal\u00e1t \u0151rizt\u00e9k. A Gelug- \u00e9s a Nyingma-pa-, illetve a Kagy\u00fc-pa-hagyom\u00e1nyok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00e9s\u0151bbi polariz\u00e1ci\u00f3 ink\u00e1bb a 17. sz\u00e1zadi politikai konfliktusok k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye, \u00e9s nem Tsongkhapa saj\u00e1t \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge. Klaus-Dieter Mathes a tibeti buddhizmus t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9vel foglalkoz\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyaiban t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r hangs\u00falyozta ezt a megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9st.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tsongkhapa, a Gelug-iskola alap\u00edt\u00f3ja Tsongkhapa Lobszang Dragpa (1357-1419) tibeti tud\u00f3s, kolostorreformer \u00e9s a Gelug-hagyom\u00e1ny (\u201eAz er\u00e9nyesek iskol\u00e1ja&#8221;) alap\u00edt\u00f3ja volt, amely a 17. sz\u00e1zad \u00f3ta a tibeti buddhizmus vall\u00e1si \u00e9s politikai szempontb\u00f3l meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 ir\u00e1nyzata. Ebb\u0151l az iskol\u00e1b\u00f3l n\u0151tt ki a dalai l\u00e1m\u00e1k \u00e9s a panchen l\u00e1m\u00e1k vonala. Tsongkhapa a tibeti buddhizmus t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek egyik legjelent\u0151sebb rendszerez\u0151jek\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3272,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tsongkhapa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tsongkhapa - a Gelug-iskola alap\u00edt\u00f3ja | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) a tibeti Gelug-iskola alap\u00edt\u00f3ja, a dalai l\u00e1m\u00e1k szellemi atyja. A Lamrim-tan\u00edt\u00e1s, a h\u00e1rom f\u0151aspektus \u00e9s a jelent\u0151s\u00e9g bemutat\u00e1sa.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53742","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tsongkhapa - a Gelug-iskola alap\u00edt\u00f3ja | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) a tibeti Gelug-iskola alap\u00edt\u00f3ja, a dalai l\u00e1m\u00e1k szellemi atyja. 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