{"id":53618,"date":"2026-07-30T19:02:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/astarte-foeniciai-istenno\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T19:03:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:03:12","slug":"astarte","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/astarte\/","title":{"rendered":"Astarte &#8211; F\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53618\" class=\"elementor elementor-53618 elementor-2625\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte, a szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a kir\u00e1lyi uralom f\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151je<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte (f\u00f6n\u00edciai <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em>) a f\u00f6n\u00edciai panteon legfontosabb n\u0151i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1son bel\u00fcl istenik\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9ge<\/span>, aki Szid\u00f3n, T\u00fcrosz, B\u00fcblosz, Kition v\u00e1ros\u00e1llamaiban \u00e9s a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Mediterr\u00e1neum eg\u00e9sz\u00e9n megjelenik. A szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa, a kir\u00e1lyi uralom \u00e9s a term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g istenn\u0151je.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Istenn\u0151 a f\u00f6n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l.\">Istenn\u0151<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/foiniciai-istenek\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A f\u00f6n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">F\u00f6n\u00edciai<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"F\u0151istenn\u0151.\">F\u0151istenn\u0151<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2847\" alt=\"Astarte Phoenix - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte (akk\u00e1d I\u0161tar, ugariti \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu) a K\u00f6zel-Kelet egyik leg\u0151sibb n\u0151i istens\u00e9g\u00e9nek f\u00f6n\u00edciai form\u00e1ja. Sabatino Moscati <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (1966) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban kimutatta, hogy Astarte szinte minden f\u00f6n\u00edciai v\u00e1ros\u00e1llamban k\u00f6zponti helyet foglal el, gyakran a helyi f\u0151isten hitvest\u00e1rsak\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>Szid\u00f3nban Eshmun hitvest\u00e1rsa; T\u00fcroszban <a href=\"\/hu\/melqart\/\">Melqart<\/a> mellett jelenik meg; B\u00fcbloszban Baalat mellett. A <a href=\"\/hu\/foiniciai-istenek\/\">f\u00f6n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyon<\/a> bel\u00fcl messze \u0151 a legfontosabb istenn\u0151.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet az <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban tette k\u00f6zz\u00e9 ennek az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1son bel\u00fcl istenik\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9gnek<\/span> a legteljesk\u00f6r\u0171bb monogr\u00e1fi\u00e1j\u00e1t. Kimutatta, hogy Astarte igen sz\u00e9les funkci\u00f3profil\u00fa volt: a szerelem \u00e9s a szexualit\u00e1s istenn\u0151je, h\u00e1bor\u00fas istenn\u0151, a kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g oltalmaz\u00f3ja, a tenger\u00e9szek v\u00e9dn\u00f6ke, gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 istenn\u0151, \u00e9s egyes \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sekben chthonikus-alvil\u00e1gi funkci\u00f3kat is bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt. Ez a multifunkcionalit\u00e1s jellemz\u0151 az \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar-k\u00f6rh\u00f6z tartoz\u00f3 \u00f3kori keleti istenn\u0151kre.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg Astarte a nyugat-s\u00e9mi istenn\u0151t\u00edpushoz tartozik, amely az \u00f3sz\u00edr-amorreus A\u1e6ftart-hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt ki. Az i. e. 1. \u00e9vezredben a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aphrodit\u00e9vel azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k; a ciprusi Aphrodit\u00e9-hagyom\u00e1ny k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Astartera vezethet\u0151 vissza, amint azt m\u00e1r H\u00e9rodotosz is megjegyezte.<\/p><p>Fontos v\u00e1rosspecifikus megjelen\u00e9s a t\u00f6bb feliraton eml\u00edtett \u201elibanoni Astarte&#8221;, amely feltehet\u0151en azonos a bejr\u00fati Astart\u00e9nak. A \u201etengeri Astarte&#8221; alakja T\u00fcroszban is adatolt. Ez a hypostasis-sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g jellemz\u0151 a f\u00f6n\u00edciai vall\u00e1sra, \u00e9s Astarte-t a panteon legt\u00f6bb helyi v\u00e1ltozattal rendelkez\u0151 istenn\u0151j\u00e9v\u00e9 teszi.<\/p><p>Astarte helyzete a f\u00f6n\u00edciai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonban<\/span> \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthat\u00f3 a hettita <a href=\"\/hu\/arinna\/\">Arinnai Napistenn\u0151<\/a> vagy <a href=\"\/hu\/hebat\/\">Hebat<\/a> f\u0151\u00e1llami istenn\u0151 szerep\u00e9vel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az \u02bf\u0161trt (Astarte) n\u00e9v nyugat-s\u00e9mi, \u00e9s az \u02bf\u0161tr gy\u00f6k\u00e9rh\u00f6z tartozik, amely az ugariti \u02bfA\u1e6ftartuban \u00e9s a mezopot\u00e1miai I\u0161tarban is alapul szolg\u00e1l. Az etimol\u00f3gia nem tiszt\u00e1zott v\u00e9glegesen; egy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171 \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s a gy\u00f6k\u00f6t a \u201ecsillag&#8221; sz\u00f3val hozza \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe, Astartet pedig \u201ecsillagistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt&#8221; \u00e9rtelmezi, feltehet\u0151en a hajnalcsillagra (V\u00e9nusz) utalva.<\/p><p>F\u00f6n\u00edciai feliratokban <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em> form\u00e1ban szerepel, pun sz\u00f6vegekben szint\u00e9n. Fontos hellenisztikus alak az <em>A\u0161tart<\/em>, az ar\u00e1mi mag\u00e1nhangz\u00f3-v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1ssal.<\/p><p>Az akk\u00e1dban I\u0161tarral azonos\u00edtj\u00e1k; a hellenisztikus vil\u00e1gban Aphrodit\u00e9vel vagy H\u00e9r\u00e1val (a funkci\u00f3hangs\u00falyt\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en); Egyiptomban az \u00dajbirodalom \u00f3ta \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3, import\u00e1lt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1son bel\u00fcl istenik\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9gk\u00e9nt<\/span> jelenik meg Astarte n\u00e9ven, meg\u0151rizve nyugat-s\u00e9mi jelleg\u00e9t.<\/p><p>A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aphrodit\u00e9 Urania k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl megfelel a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Astart\u00e9nak; H\u00e9rodotosz az \u0151 tisztelet\u00e9t F\u00f6n\u00edci\u00e1b\u00f3l Cipruson \u00e1t vezeti G\u00f6r\u00f6gorsz\u00e1gba. Ez az \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9gi l\u00e1nc Astartet a mediterr\u00e1n vil\u00e1g vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg egyik legbefoly\u00e1sosabb istenn\u0151j\u00e9v\u00e9 teszi.<\/p><p>Egyes sz\u00f6vegek \u201e\u00c9g \u00darn\u0151jek\u00e9nt&#8221; vagy \u201e\u00c9g Kir\u00e1lyn\u0151jek\u00e9nt&#8221; is nevezik, amely c\u00edm a bibliai Jeremi\u00e1sn\u00e1l is megjelenik (Jer 7,18; 44,17.19), ahol kritikus komment\u00e1rt kap. Ezt az \u201e\u00c9g Kir\u00e1lyn\u0151je&#8221;-hagyom\u00e1nyt Saby Caves vizsg\u00e1lta vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg, \u00e9s fontos kapcsolatot k\u00e9pvisel a k\u00e1na\u00e1ni \u00e9s a bibliai vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte a f\u00f6n\u00edciai ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ban t\u00f6bb k\u00e9pt\u00edpusban jelenik meg: meztelen \u00e1ll\u00f3 istenn\u0151k\u00e9nt (az \u201eAstarte-plakett&#8221; p\u00f3z\u00e1ban), tr\u00f3non \u00fcl\u0151 kir\u00e1lyn\u0151k\u00e9nt polosz-koron\u00e1val, d\u00e1rd\u00e1val \u00e9s pajzzsal \u00e1br\u00e1zolt h\u00e1bor\u00fas istenn\u0151k\u00e9nt, oroszl\u00e1non lovagol\u00f3 alakk\u00e9nt vagy csillagkeretben megjelen\u0151 mennyei kir\u00e1lyn\u0151k\u00e9nt. Ez a k\u00e9pi sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g multifunkcionalit\u00e1s\u00e1t t\u00fckr\u00f6zi.<\/p><p>Szent \u00e1llata az oroszl\u00e1n vagy oroszl\u00e1nf\u0151st\u00e9ny; Szid\u00f3nban \u00e9s Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ban gyakran oroszl\u00e1non tr\u00f3nol\u00f3 vagy lovagol\u00f3 alakk\u00e9nt jelenik meg. A galamb is hozz\u00e1 k\u00f6t\u0151dik, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen ciprusi \u00e9s mediterr\u00e1n \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sekben; az Aphrodit\u00e9-galamboknak k\u00f6zvetlen el\u0151zm\u00e9nye a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Astarte. Tov\u00e1bbi \u00e1llatkapcsolata a k\u00edgy\u00f3, amely chthonikus oldal\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli.<\/p><p>A nyugat-mediterr\u00e1n gyarmatokon, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Tart\u00e9sszoszban (Spanyolorsz\u00e1g), Astartet k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen intenz\u00edven tisztelt\u00e9k; a \u201ecaramb\u00f3l\u00f3i Astarte&#8221; elnevez\u00e9s\u0171, i. e. 7. sz\u00e1zadi bronzfigura f\u00f6n\u00edciai felirattal ell\u00e1tott, tr\u00f3non \u00fcl\u0151 istenn\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolja. Sevilla, C\u00e1diz \u00e9s m\u00e1s lel\u0151helyeken is ker\u00fcltek el\u0151 Astarte-figur\u00e1k, amelyek kultusz\u00e1nak \u00e9l\u00e9nk jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9t dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k.<\/p><p>Kitionban (Ciprus) egy hatalmas Astarte-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomot<\/span> t\u00e1rtak fel, amely a vaskori mediterr\u00e1n vil\u00e1g legnagyobb szent\u00e9lyei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik. Vassos Karageorghis \u00e9s \u00fajabban Maria Iacovou \u00e1sat\u00e1sai l\u00e9nyegesen b\u0151v\u00edtett\u00e9k a ciprusi f\u00f6n\u00edciai kultuszra vonatkoz\u00f3 ismereteinket.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitol\u00f3giai elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az ugariti sz\u00f6vegekben (KTU 1.92 \u00e9s m\u00e1s helyek) Astarte vad\u00e1szistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9s <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> k\u00eds\u00e9r\u0151jek\u00e9nt jelenik meg; a Baal-ciklusban azonban kisebb szerepet j\u00e1tszik, mint n\u0151v\u00e9re, <a href=\"\/hu\/anat\/\">Anat<\/a>. F\u00f6n\u00edciai m\u00edtosz-t\u00f6red\u00e9kekben, f\u0151k\u00e9nt B\u00fcblosz Phil\u00f3nn\u00e1l (Euszebiosz id\u00e9zetei alapj\u00e1n), kir\u00e1lyk\u00e9nt jelenik meg, aki bik\u00e1n utazik T\u00fcroszba, \u00e9s ott elfoglalja a kir\u00e1lyi tr\u00f3nt.<\/p><p>Phil\u00f3n arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1mol be, hogy Astarte \u201ebikaf\u0151t tal\u00e1lt&#8221;, amelyet saj\u00e1t fej\u00e9re helyezett, ezzel meger\u0151s\u00edtve istens\u00e9g\u00e9t. Ez az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s az egyiptomi Hathor-hagyom\u00e1nyra \u00e9s a mezopot\u00e1miai Inanna-Anu-t\u00f6rt\u00e9netre eml\u00e9keztet. Albert Baumgarten <em>The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos<\/em> (1981) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban kritikai kiad\u00e1st k\u00e9sz\u00edtett az anyagb\u00f3l.<\/p><p>Hellenisztikus sz\u00f6vegekben Astartet az Eur\u00f3pa-elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9ssel hozz\u00e1k \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe: Eur\u00f3p\u00e1t, Ag\u00e9n\u00f3r t\u00fcroszi kir\u00e1ly l\u00e1ny\u00e1t Zeusz bika alakj\u00e1ban rabolta el Kr\u00e9t\u00e1ra. Ez a kapcsolat vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3: Astarte egyszerre Eur\u00f3pa anyja \u00e9s isteni h\u00e1ttere. Az Eur\u00f3pa-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitol\u00f3gia<\/span> \u00edgy hell\u00e9n-f\u00f6n\u00edciai szint\u00e9zis.<\/p><p>Karth\u00e1g\u00f3 kor\u00e1b\u00f3l Astarte \u00e9s Dido h\u0151sn\u0151alakja k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolat maradt fenn; Dido kir\u00e1lyn\u0151t, Karth\u00e1g\u00f3 alap\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1t egyes r\u00f3mai forr\u00e1sokban Astarte \u201epapi megtestes\u00fcl\u00e9sek\u00e9nt&#8221; \u00e9rtelmezik. Ez az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg tanuls\u00e1gos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s tisztelet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte legfontosabb kultuszk\u00f6zpontjai Szid\u00f3n (Eshmunazar II. \u00e1ltal \u00e9p\u00edtett Astarte-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span>), T\u00fcrosz, B\u00fcblosz (a Baalattal egy\u00fctt), Kition (Ciprus, ahol egy hatalmas Astarte-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span> uralta a szigetet), Karth\u00e1g\u00f3 \u00e9s a mediterr\u00e1n gyarmatok voltak. Maria Eugenia Aubet <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban dokument\u00e1lta a mediterr\u00e1n terjed\u00e9st.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusz<\/span> \u00e9g\u0151\u00e1ldozatokat, ital\u00e1ldozatokat \u00e9s az egyes f\u00f6n\u00edciai forr\u00e1sokban eml\u00edtett \u201eszent t\u00e1nc\u00fcnnepet&#8221; foglalt mag\u00e1ban.<\/p><p>K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges szerepet j\u00e1tszottak a <em>qedeshim<\/em> \u00e9s <em>qedeshot<\/em>, felszenteltek f\u00e9rfiak \u00e9s n\u0151k, akiknek pontos funkci\u00f3ja a kutat\u00e1sban vitatott; Annie Caubet, Corinne Bonnet \u00e9s Stephanie Budin a r\u00e9gebbi \u201etemplomi prostit\u00faci\u00f3&#8221; \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9ssel szemben \u00e9rveltek, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s v\u00e9glegesen lez\u00e1rult volna.<\/p><p>A hellenisztikus korban Astartet Aphrodit\u00e9vel azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k; a ciprusi Paphosz h\u00edres Aphrodit\u00e9-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szakr\u00e1lis hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9lye<\/span> t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Astarte-tisztelet k\u00f6zvetlen folytat\u00e1sa. Korinthoszban, az er\u00fcxzi (Szic\u00edlia) \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s mediterr\u00e1n lel\u0151helyen szint\u00e9n g\u00f6r\u00f6g elnevez\u00e9s alatt hagyom\u00e1nyoz\u00f3dott tov\u00e1bb a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Astarte-hagyom\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ban Astartet fokozatosan kiszor\u00edtotta <a href=\"\/hu\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl azonban, hogy teljesen elt\u0171nt volna; a tophet-feliratokban mindk\u00e9t istenn\u0151 olykor egym\u00e1s mellett szerepel. Ez a k\u00e9t f\u0151istenn\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti vet\u00e9lked\u00e9s a pun vall\u00e1s egyik legjellemz\u0151bb von\u00e1sa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat \u00e9s apotropaikus elemek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte a kir\u00e1lyi csal\u00e1dok, a v\u00e1rand\u00f3s n\u0151k, a tenger\u00e9szek \u00e9s a harcos f\u00e9rfiak v\u00e9d\u0151istenn\u0151je volt. Szid\u00f3nban kir\u00e1lyi pecs\u00e9teken jelenik meg a kir\u00e1lyi h\u00e1z oltalmaz\u00f3jak\u00e9nt; Eshmunazar II. kir\u00e1ly h\u00edres <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szil\u00e1rd hordoz\u00f3ba v\u00e9sett vagy faragott sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">felirata<\/span> (Kr. e. 5. sz\u00e1zad) Eshmunal egy\u00fctt a legf\u0151bb v\u00e9d\u0151istenn\u0151k\u00e9nt nevezi meg.<\/p> <p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bajelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3: olyan jelekr\u0151l \u00e9s t\u00e1rgyakr\u00f3l, amelyek k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1sokat hivatottak t\u00e1vol tartani.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaikus<\/span> c\u00e9lb\u00f3l Astarte-figurin\u00e1kat helyeztek el a h\u00e1zakban; az \u00fagynevezett \u201eAstarte-plakettek&#8221;, egy meztelen n\u0151t \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00f3 kis terrakotta domborm\u0171vek, f\u00f6n\u00edciai lel\u0151helyekr\u0151l t\u00f6bb ezer p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyban ismertek. Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg v\u00e9delmi, term\u00e9kenys\u00e9gi \u00e9s h\u00e1zv\u00e9d\u0151 funkci\u00f3t t\u00f6lt\u00f6ttek be. A plakettek rendeltet\u00e9se a kutat\u00e1sban ellentmond\u00e1sosan vitatott; gyakoris\u00e1guk mindenesetre az intenz\u00edv h\u00e1zi Astarte-tisztelet bizony\u00edt\u00e9ka.<\/p> <p data-nosnippet=\"true\">A f\u0151niciai utaz\u00e1si ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban Asztart\u00e9t a haj\u00f3z\u00e1s v\u00e9dn\u00f6kek\u00e9nt sz\u00f3l\u00edtott\u00e1k meg; kapit\u00e1nyok \u00e9s keresked\u0151k fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kokat aj\u00e1nlottak fel neki tengeri utaz\u00e1sok el\u0151tt \u00e9s ut\u00e1n. Ez az &#8222;utaz\u00e1si j\u00e1mbors\u00e1g&#8221; vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg \u00e9rdekes, mivel k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl vall\u00e1silag keretezi a f\u0151niciai vil\u00e1g nemzetk\u00f6zi mobilit\u00e1s\u00e1t. Az iWell-Guard Asztart\u00e9t t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi-historikus szem\u00e9lyk\u00e9nt tartja nyilv\u00e1n, aktu\u00e1lis gy\u00f3gy\u00edg\u00e9retekre val\u00f3 utal\u00e1sok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/p> <p>A f\u00f6n\u00edciai szkarabeusz-pecs\u00e9tek a Kr. e. 7. \u00e9s 6. sz\u00e1zadb\u00f3l gyakran \u00e1br\u00e1zolnak Astarte-mot\u00edvumokat: meztelen \u00e1ll\u00f3 istenn\u0151, Astarte oroszl\u00e1non, Astarte l\u00f3tuszvir\u00e1ggal. Ezek a kis m\u00e9ret\u0171 pecs\u00e9tek szem\u00e9lyes v\u00e9d\u0151amulettk\u00e9nt viselt\u00e9k \u0151ket, \u00e9s a f\u00f6n\u00edciai vil\u00e1gban igen sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elterjedtek voltak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte a nagy nyugat-s\u00e9mi-mezopot\u00e1miai istenn\u0151csal\u00e1dhoz, az \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar-k\u00f6rh\u00f6z tartozik. Szorosan rokon az ugariti \u02bfA\u1e6ftaruval, a mezopot\u00e1miai I\u0161tarral, a k\u00f6z\u00e9p-ar\u00e1mi Atargatisszal (\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 fejl\u0151d\u00e9ssel), a hurrita \u0160au\u0161g\u00e1val \u00e9s a hettita \u0161amu\u1e2bai I\u0161tarral. Az akk\u00e1d anyagban a multifunkcionalit\u00e1s az uruki I\u0161tarn\u00e1l k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen j\u00f3l adatolt.<\/p><p>A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aphrodit\u00e9vel Astarte vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg azonos; a ciprusi Aphrodit\u00e9 a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Astarte k\u00f6zvetlen ut\u00f3dja. A g\u00f6r\u00f6g H\u00e9ra, Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 \u00e9s egyes von\u00e1saiban Artemisz is Astarte-\u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9get hordoz. Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ban egyre ink\u00e1bb \u00f6sszeolvad <a href=\"\/hu\/tanit\/\">Tanittal<\/a>, amely \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 funkci\u00f3t fejleszt ki.<\/p><p>A h\u00e9ber anyagban Astarte Ashtoreth form\u00e1ban jelenik meg, polemikusan negat\u00edv el\u0151jellel (1Kir 11,5; 2Kir 23,13). Ez a polemika a k\u00e1na\u00e1ni vall\u00e1s f\u00f6n\u00edciai form\u00e1ja ellen ir\u00e1nyul.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l Astarte az \u00f3kori Izrael sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra egy, az azonos k\u00e1na\u00e1ni hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l val\u00f3 riv\u00e1lis istens\u00e9g volt; a bibliai anti-A\u0161tartizmus a val\u00f3s\u00e1gos vall\u00e1si szomsz\u00e9ds\u00e1gra adott teol\u00f3giai reakci\u00f3. <a href=\"\/hu\/hetita-istenek\/\">Hettita<\/a> p\u00e1rhuzamok a \u0161amu\u1e2bai \u0160au\u0161g\u00e1n\u00e1l tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k.<\/p><p>Az Astarte = Aphrodit\u00e9 azonos\u00edt\u00e1s t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg nem \u00f6nk\u00e9nyes; Pauszaniasz \u00e9s m\u00e1s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00e9s r\u00f3mai kult\u00fara korszaka, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl Kr. e. 800-t\u00f3l Kr. u. 600-ig.\" tabindex=\"0\">antik<\/span> szerz\u0151k tan\u00fas\u00edtj\u00e1k a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aphrodit\u00e9 f\u00f6n\u00edciai el\u0151k\u00e9pekb\u0151l val\u00f3 levezet\u00e9s\u00e9t. Walter Burkert <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1ja \u00e9s Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge tanulm\u00e1nyai e k\u00e9rd\u00e9sben alapreferenciak\u00e9nt sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mai recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Astarte-kutat\u00e1s ma magas szinten \u00e1ll. Corinne Bonnet <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) monogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ja alapreferencia; Stephanie Budin <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (2003) kritikusan t\u00e1rgyalja az Aphrodit\u00e9-kapcsolatot. Sabatino Moscati \u00e9s Maria Eugenia Aubet a mediterr\u00e1n elterjed\u00e9s elismert szak\u00e9rt\u0151i. A f\u00f6n\u00edciai feliratok kiad\u00e1sa Charles Krahmalkov \u00e9s Wolfgang R\u00f6llig munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban az els\u0151dleges sz\u00f6vegeket ny\u00fajtja.<\/p><p>A n\u00e9pszer\u0171 recepci\u00f3ban Astarte f\u0151k\u00e9nt az Aphrodit\u00e9-azonos\u00edt\u00e1son \u00e9s a bibliai polemik\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl ismert. Az 1980-as \u00e9vek \u00f3ta \u00fajpog\u00e1ny \u00e9s feminista k\u00f6r\u00f6kben megjelen\u0151 szellemi \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9led\u00e9s Astartet \u201eanyaistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt&#8221; \u00e9rtelmezte; ez a modern recepci\u00f3 vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg problematikus, mert leegyszer\u0171s\u00edti a t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti profilt.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyosan Astarte ma a nyugat-s\u00e9mi vall\u00e1s egyik legfontosabb kutat\u00e1si t\u00e1rgy\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edt. Aktu\u00e1lis kutat\u00e1si s\u00falypontok: a helyi Astarte-hypostasisok (szid\u00f3ni, t\u00fcroszi, b\u00fcbloszf, kitiumi Astarte) differenci\u00e1l\u00e1sa, az Aphrodit\u00e9-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz val\u00f3 kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s \u00e9s a <em>qedeshot<\/em> szerep\u00e9nek k\u00e9rd\u00e9se az Astarte-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultuszban<\/span>. Az iWell Guard Astartet a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> k\u00f6zponti tagjak\u00e9nt tartja nyilv\u00e1n, nem pedig jelenlegi v\u00e9delmi k\u00e9r\u00e9sek c\u00edmzettjek\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>Spanyolorsz\u00e1gi (Sevilla, C\u00e1diz) \u00e9s marokk\u00f3i (Lixus) f\u00f6n\u00edciai lel\u0151helyekr\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 \u00fajabb r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti leletek jelent\u0151sen b\u0151v\u00edtik a nyugati tisztelet k\u00e9p\u00e9t. Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n Deamos \u00e9s Manuela Mar\u00edn kutat\u00e1sai az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben fontos \u00faj adatokat tettek k\u00f6zz\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az al\u00e1bbi v\u00e1logat\u00e1s az Astarte-kutat\u00e1s legfontosabb alapm\u0171veit foglalja \u00f6ssze: monogr\u00e1fi\u00e1kat, felirat-kiad\u00e1sokat \u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szint\u00e9ziseket. Corinne Bonnet <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> k\u00f6tete az els\u0151 bel\u00e9p\u00e9si pont; Budin Aphrodit\u00e9-tanulm\u00e1nya a g\u00f6r\u00f6g vonulatot t\u00e1rgyalja; Aubet a mediterr\u00e1n elterjed\u00e9st. Krahmalkov f\u00f6n\u00edciai-pun grammatik\u00e1ja a nyelvt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti anyagot ny\u00fajtja; Moscati klasszikus szint\u00e9zise a kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti keretet adja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b13b4ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b13b4ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp277df97f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp277df97f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte az Eshmunazar-szarkof\u00e1gban \u00e9s Szid\u00f3n kir\u00e1lyi feliratain<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp293101c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp293101c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26973d69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26973d69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Astart\u00e9ra vonatkoz\u00f3 egyik legfontosabb epigr\u00e1fiai forr\u00e1s Eszmunazer II., Szid\u00f3n kir\u00e1ly\u00e1nak szarkof\u00e1gj\u00e1ra v\u00e9sett <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szil\u00e1rd hordoz\u00f3ba karcolt vagy v\u00e9sett sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">felirat<\/span>, amely id\u0151sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sunk el\u0151tt az 5. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9re dat\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Maga a szarkof\u00e1g egyiptomi eredet\u0171, 1855-ben tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k meg, \u00e9s jelenleg a Louvre-ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A f\u00f6n\u00edciai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szil\u00e1rd hordoz\u00f3ba karcolt vagy v\u00e9sett sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">felirat<\/span> az e nyelven fennmaradt leghosszabb sz\u00f6vegek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik.<\/p> <p>Ebben a kir\u00e1lyi h\u00e1z arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1mol be, hogy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomot<\/span> \u00e9p\u00edtett Astart\u00e9nak. Megeml\u00edt\u00e9sre ker\u00fcl az <em>Astarte Schem Baal<\/em>, vagyis Astarte, Baal neve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re szentelt szent hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9lye<\/span>, egy olyan fordulat, amely k\u00f6zel \u00e1ll a pun feliratok Tanit pene Baal kifejez\u00e9s\u00e9hez, \u00e9s teol\u00f3giai kapcsolatot fejez ki az istenn\u0151 \u00e9s az isten k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p> <p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szil\u00e1rd hordoz\u00f3ba v\u00e9sett vagy faragott sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">felirat<\/span> emellett Eszmun istent is megeml\u00edti, \u00e9s ez\u00e1ltal felt\u00e1rja a szid\u00f3ni kir\u00e1lydynasztia vall\u00e1si programj\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sik k\u00f6zponti forr\u00e1s Bodasztart kir\u00e1ly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szil\u00e1rd hordoz\u00f3ba v\u00e9sett vagy faragott sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">felirata<\/span>, szint\u00e9n Szid\u00f3nb\u00f3l, amely szint\u00e9n Asztart\u00e9 \u00e9s Eszmun sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra v\u00e9gzett \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gr\u0151l sz\u00f3l. E sz\u00f6vegekb\u0151l az k\u00f6vetkezik, hogy Asztart\u00e9 Szid\u00f3n f\u0151istenn\u0151je volt, \u00e9s a v\u00e1rosi kultusz szorosan \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dott a kir\u00e1lyi h\u00e1z legitimit\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p> <p>A f\u00f6n\u00edciai kir\u00e1lyi feliratok az\u00e9rt olyan \u00e9rt\u00e9kesek, mert ellent\u00e9tben az ugariti mitol\u00f3giai sz\u00f6vegekkel, k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a f\u00f6n\u00edciai magter\u00fcletr\u0151l \u00e9s a t\u00e9nyleges kultuszgyakorlatb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaznak.<\/p><p>Asztart\u00e9t nem elbesz\u00e9l\u0151i alakk\u00e9nt mutatj\u00e1k be, hanem templomok, adom\u00e1nyok \u00e9s kir\u00e1lyi tisztelet c\u00edmzettjek\u00e9nt. Ezen sz\u00f6vegek kiad\u00e1sai a f\u00f6n\u00edciai feliratok szabv\u00e1nyos gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyeiben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Herbert Donnern\u00e9l \u00e9s Wolfgang R\u00f6magn\u00e9l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2acdcf65 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2acdcf65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28ce0b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28ce0b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte, Aphrodit\u00e9 \u00e9s az istenn\u0151 g\u00f6r\u00f6g ford\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp241006cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp241006cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21761654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21761654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A g\u00f6r\u00f6g\u00f6k, akik a f\u00f6niciaiakkal az eg\u00e9sz Mediterr\u00e1neum ter\u00fclet\u00e9n kapcsolatban \u00e1lltak, Asztart\u00e9t azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k saj\u00e1t szerelem- \u00e9s sz\u00e9ps\u00e9gistenn\u0151j\u00fckkel, Aphrodit\u00e9val. Ez az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s t\u00f6bb, mint puszta ford\u00edt\u00e1s.<\/p><p>H\u00e9rodotosz besz\u00e1mol az \u00e9gi Aphrodit\u00e9 Aszkalonban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szent hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9ly\u00e9r\u0151l<\/span>, \u00e9s ezt nevezi e istenn\u0151 \u00f6sszes szent\u00e9lye k\u00f6z\u00fcl a legr\u00e9gebbinek, amelyb\u0151l a ciprusi is eredt. Ezzel az Aphrodit\u00e9 eredet\u00e9t kifejezetten a sz\u00edriai-f\u00f6n\u00edciai t\u00e9rs\u00e9gbe helyezi.<\/p> <p>Ciprus kulcsszerepet j\u00e1tszik ebben a t\u00f6rt\u00e9netben. A szigetet kor\u00e1n f\u00f6n\u00edciaiak telep\u00edtett\u00e9k be, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Kition v\u00e1ros\u00e1t, \u00e9s a ciprusi istenn\u0151 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si szertart\u00e1sok \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusza<\/span>, amelyet a g\u00f6r\u00f6g\u00f6k Aphrodit\u00e9nak tiszteltek, Astarte egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 nyomait viseli mag\u00e1n.<\/p> <p>A paphoszi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szent hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9ly<\/span> Cipruson k\u00fap alak\u00fa k\u0151 form\u00e1j\u00e1ban tisztelte istens\u00e9g\u00e9nek k\u00e9pm\u00e1s\u00e1t, egy olyan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben rendszeresen ism\u00e9telt, hagyom\u00e1nyos cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">szok\u00e1s<\/span>, amely ink\u00e1bb a k\u00f6zel-keleti, mint a g\u00f6r\u00f6g kultuszfelfog\u00e1snak felel meg.<\/p> <p>A kutat\u00e1s vitatja, hogy Aphrodit\u00e9 mennyiben tekinthet\u0151 eredetileg g\u00f6r\u00f6g <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1sban istenk\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9gnek<\/span>, vagy hogy l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben a f\u00f6n\u00edci\u00e1i Astarte \u00e1tv\u00e9tel\u00e9b\u0151l keletkezett-e. Walter Burkert a g\u00f6r\u00f6g vall\u00e1sra gyakorolt keleti hat\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1iban ezt az \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9st er\u0151teljesen hangs\u00falyozta. M\u00e1s kutat\u00f3k egy indoeur\u00f3pai hajnalisten \u00e9s el\u0151-\u00e1zsiai elemek kever\u00e9k\u00e9t l\u00e1tj\u00e1k benne.<\/p> <p>Biztos, hogy Asztart\u00e9t \u00e9s Aphrodit\u00e9t \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t egy rokonnak \u00e9rzett istenn\u0151 k\u00e9t nevek\u00e9nt kezelt\u00e9k. Asztart\u00e9 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra ez azt jelenti, hogy hat\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9nete messze t\u00falmutat a f\u00f6n\u00edciai v\u00e1rosokon, \u00e9s a g\u00f6r\u00f6g, majd k\u00e9s\u0151bb a r\u00f3mai vall\u00e1sban folytat\u00f3dik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cd57195 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2cd57195\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b9874d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b9874d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte \u00e9s Ashtoreth a h\u00e9ber Bibli\u00e1ban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d0ede1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d0ede1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e38e53c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e38e53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte a h\u00e9ber Bibli\u00e1ban <em>Ashtoreth<\/em> alakban jelenik meg, t\u00f6bbes sz\u00e1mban <em>Ashtaroth<\/em>. E n\u00e9v vokaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t a kutat\u00e1s tudatos torz\u00edt\u00e1snak tekinti: a maszor\u00e9ta tud\u00f3sok \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag az eredeti mag\u00e1nhangz\u00f3kat a h\u00e9ber \u201esz\u00e9gyen&#8221; sz\u00f3 mag\u00e1nhangz\u00f3ival helyettes\u00edtett\u00e9k, amely elj\u00e1r\u00e1st m\u00e1s idegen istens\u00e9gek eset\u00e9ben is felt\u00e9teleznek.<\/p> <p>A bibliai sz\u00f6vegek t\u00f6bb helyen megeml\u00edtik Astar\u00f3tot. A Kir\u00e1lyok els\u0151 k\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben a szid\u00f3niak istenn\u0151jek\u00e9nt szerepel, akinek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent szem\u00e9ly ir\u00e1nti vall\u00e1si tiszteleti cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusza<\/span> fennmarad\u00e1s\u00e1t Salamon kir\u00e1ly engedte meg.<\/p><p>Gyakran \u00e1ll t\u00f6bbes sz\u00e1mban a Baalim, azaz a Baal-alakok mellett, mint az idegen kultuszok megtestes\u00edt\u0151je, amelyek ellen a bibliai szerz\u0151k polemiz\u00e1lnak. A B\u00edr\u00e1k k\u00f6nyve \u00e9s a S\u00e1muel-k\u00f6nyvek azt a fordulatot alkalmazz\u00e1k, hogy a n\u00e9p a Baaloknak \u00e9s Astar\u00f3knak szolg\u00e1lt.<\/p> <p>Ezek a bizony\u00edt\u00e9kok vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szempontb\u00f3l k\u00e9t okb\u00f3l fontosak. Egyr\u00e9szt k\u00fcls\u0151 forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l meger\u0151s\u00edtik, hogy Astarte val\u00f3ban Szid\u00f3n f\u0151istenn\u0151je volt, amit a f\u00f6n\u00edciai kir\u00e1lyi feliratok saj\u00e1t perspekt\u00edv\u00e1b\u00f3l tan\u00fas\u00edtanak. M\u00e1sr\u00e9szt azt mutatj\u00e1k, hogy az Astarte-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent szem\u00e9ly ir\u00e1nti vall\u00e1si tiszteleti cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusz<\/span> az izraelita \u00e9s j\u00fadeai t\u00e9rs\u00e9g lakoss\u00e1g\u00e1ban is elterjedt volt, k\u00fcl\u00f6nben a pr\u00f3f\u00e9tai pol\u00e9mi\u00e1nak nem lett volna c\u00e9lja.<\/p> <p>A Biblia itt ellens\u00e9ges, de \u00e9ppen ez\u00e9rt tanuls\u00e1gos forr\u00e1s. Nem hagyom\u00e1nyozza r\u00e1nk Astarte tisztel\u0151inek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Az Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1t<\/span>, azonban k\u00f6zvetett bizony\u00edt\u00e9k\u00e1t igen, hogy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak ir\u00e1nti vall\u00e1si tiszteleti cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultuszuk<\/span> el\u00e9g \u00e9l\u00e9nk volt ahhoz, hogy \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t vall\u00e1si vet\u00e9lyt\u00e1rsk\u00e9nt \u00e9rz\u00e9kelj\u00e9k.<\/p> <p>A kutat\u00e1sban tov\u00e1bbra is vitatott az a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s, hogy Ast\u00f3ret hogyan viszonyul az As\u00e9r\u00e1hoz, amelyet szint\u00e9n eml\u00edt a Biblia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Corinne Bonnet: <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (Rom 1996)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (Bethesda 2003)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity<\/em> (Cambridge 2008)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A f\u00f6n\u00edciai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtoszban<\/span> Astarte a szerelmet, a h\u00e1bor\u00fat \u00e9s a kir\u00e1lys\u00e1got egyes\u00edti; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusza<\/span> Szid\u00f3nt\u00f3l \u00e9s T\u00fcroszt\u00f3l Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ig \u00e9r, \u00e9s k\u00e9s\u0151bb a hellenisztikus Aphrodit\u00e9- \u00e9s H\u00e9ra-azonos\u00edt\u00e1sokban folytat\u00f3dik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Astarte f\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151 szerelem h\u00e1bor\u00fa I\u0161tar Aphrodit\u00e9 Szid\u00f3n T\u00fcrosz.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-astarte-phoenix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s v\u00e9d\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, a <a href=\"\/hu\/foiniciai-istenek\/\">f\u00f6n\u00edciai<\/a> \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s, vil\u00e1g minden r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l ismert kult\u00fara szellem\u00e9ben. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 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Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9st ny\u00fajtanak, nem spiritu\u00e1lis gyakorlati aj\u00e1nl\u00e1st.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astarte, a szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a kir\u00e1lyi uralom f\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151je Astarte (f\u00f6n\u00edciai \u02bf\u0161trt) a f\u00f6n\u00edciai panteon legfontosabb n\u0151i istens\u00e9ge, aki Szid\u00f3n, T\u00fcrosz, B\u00fcblosz, Kition v\u00e1ros\u00e1llamaiban \u00e9s a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Mediterr\u00e1neum eg\u00e9sz\u00e9n megjelenik. A szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa, a kir\u00e1lyi uralom \u00e9s a term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g istenn\u0151je. Istenn\u0151F\u00f6n\u00edciaiF\u0151istenn\u0151 Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil Astarte (akk\u00e1d I\u0161tar, ugariti \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu) a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2847,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Astarte f\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Astarte - F\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151, m\u00edtosz, kultusz","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Astarte a f\u00f6n\u00edciai panteon legfontosabb n\u0151i istens\u00e9ge, a szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a kir\u00e1lyi uralom istenn\u0151je.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53618","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Astarte - F\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151, m\u00edtosz, kultusz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Astarte a f\u00f6n\u00edciai panteon legfontosabb n\u0151i istens\u00e9ge, a szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a kir\u00e1lyi uralom istenn\u0151je.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/astarte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astarte - F\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Astarte a f\u00f6n\u00edciai panteon legfontosabb n\u0151i istens\u00e9ge, a szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a kir\u00e1lyi uralom istenn\u0151je.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/astarte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-30T19:03:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Becs\u00fclt olvas\u00e1si id\u0151\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"18 perc\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/\",\"name\":\"Astarte - F\u00f6n\u00edciai istenn\u0151, m\u00edtosz, kultusz\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-30T19:02:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-30T19:03:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Astarte a f\u00f6n\u00edciai panteon legfontosabb n\u0151i istens\u00e9ge, a szerelem, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a kir\u00e1lyi uralom istenn\u0151je.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hu\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/astarte\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/fooldal\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Astarte &#8211; 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