{"id":53600,"date":"2026-04-21T11:08:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T11:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/alp-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T18:38:18","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T18:38:18","slug":"alp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/alp\/","title":{"rendered":"Alp"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53600\" class=\"elementor elementor-53600 elementor-1028\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp, a germ\u00e1n hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>A n\u00e9met n\u00e9phit \u00e9jjeli nyom\u00f3 szelleme.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Szellem: Testn\u00e9lk\u00fcli vagy f\u00e9lig testi l\u00e9ny, elhunyt szem\u00e9ly, term\u00e9szeti l\u00e9ny, h\u00e1zi szellem vagy k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u0151r. A mindennapi \u00e9letben hat, gyakran helyekhez vagy csal\u00e1dokhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik.\">Szellem<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/eszaki-istenek\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9szak- \u00e9s K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Eur\u00f3pa kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g el\u0151tti isten- \u00e9s szellemvil\u00e1ga.\">Germ\u00e1n<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-107519\" alt=\"Alp \u2013 szellemek a germ\u00e1n hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l, t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti-illusztrat\u00edv \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Alp a germ\u00e1n hagyom\u00e1ny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy testetlen l\u00e9ny, amelynek hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak a vil\u00e1gban.\" tabindex=\"0\">szelleme<\/span>.<\/p><p>Az Alp a k\u00f6z\u00e9p-eur\u00f3pai n\u00e9phitben az <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan \u00e9szlel\u00e9si \u00e1llapot, amelyben a tudat fel\u00e9bred, de a test a REM-at\u00f3nia miatt m\u00e9g b\u00e9nult; gyakran hallucin\u00e1ci\u00f3kkal j\u00e1r egy\u00fctt.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s<\/a> klasszikus alakja. Egy kis, neh\u00e9z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy testetlen l\u00e9ny, amelynek hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak a vil\u00e1gban.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span> \u00e9jszaka az alv\u00f3 mellkas\u00e1ra \u00fcl, elveszi a leveg\u0151j\u00e9t, \u00e9s r\u00e9m\u00e1lom-\u00e9lm\u00e9nyeket id\u00e9z el\u0151. Az \u201eAlbtraum&#8221; (r\u00e9m\u00e1lom) n\u00e9met sz\u00f3 a mai napig \u0151rzi ezt az alakot a sz\u00f3kincsben, egyike azoknak a kev\u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori d\u00e9monneveknek, amelyek nyelvileg v\u00e1ltozatlanul jelen maradtak.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A tud\u00e1s \u00e9s az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t val\u00f3 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1ny<\/span> a k\u00f6z\u00e9pfeln\u00e9met irodalomt\u00f3l \u00e9s jogt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti forr\u00e1sokt\u00f3l a Grimm-gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyeken \u00e1t a modern n\u00e9prajzi arch\u00edvumokig ny\u00falik vissza. Az Alp kultur\u00e1lisan szorosan rokon a Mahr alakj\u00e1val (eredetileg n\u0151nem\u0171) \u00e9s az angol <em>mare<\/em> sz\u00f3val a <em>nightmare<\/em> kifejez\u00e9sben. Elh\u00e1r\u00edtj\u00e1k az ajt\u00f3k\u00fcsz\u00f6bre rajzolt jelekkel, p\u00e1rna al\u00e1 tett k\u00e9ssel, im\u00e1kkal \u00e9s n\u00e9pi elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3 formul\u00e1kkal.<\/p><div><p><strong>K\u00f6z\u00e9pfeln\u00e9met adatok \u00e9s a Boszork\u00e1nykalap\u00e1cs<\/strong><\/p><p>Az Alp hagyom\u00e1nyvonalai eg\u00e9szen a k\u00f6z\u00e9pfeln\u00e9metig visszavezethet\u0151k. Wilhelm Grimm gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyeiben r\u00e9m\u00e1lmokr\u00f3l \u00e9s \u00e9jszakai l\u00e1togat\u00e1sokr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 besz\u00e1mol\u00f3kat dokument\u00e1lt, amelyekben egy d\u00e9moni l\u00e9ny az alv\u00f3 mellkas\u00e1n \u00fclt, \u00e9s fojtogat\u00e1ssal fenyegette.<\/p><p>Maga a fogalom k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 region\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltozatokban jelenik meg: <em>Alb<\/em> Sv\u00e1bf\u00f6ld\u00f6n, <em>Alp<\/em> Bajororsz\u00e1gban, <em>Elf<\/em> Holsteinben. Ez a v\u00e1ltozatoss\u00e1g egy \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151 n\u00e9pi hagyom\u00e1nyra utal, amelyben a l\u00e9ny alakja stabil maradt, a megnevez\u00e9s azonban region\u00e1lisan elt\u00e9rt.<\/p><p>A <em>Malleus Maleficarum<\/em>ban (Heinrich Kramer \u00e9s Jacob Sprenger, 1487) d\u00e9moni er\u0151k \u00e1ltal okozott \u00e9jszakai gy\u00f6trelmek eseteit \u00edrj\u00e1k le.<\/p><p>B\u00e1r az Alp ott n\u00e9vszerint nem szerepel, a le\u00edrt t\u00fcnetek (b\u00e9nul\u00e1s, l\u00e9gszomj, nyomaszt\u00f3 s\u00faly \u00e9rzete) megfelelnek a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3r<\/span> besz\u00e1mol\u00f3inak. A boszork\u00e1ny\u00fcld\u00f6z\u0151k ezekben a jelens\u00e9gekben d\u00e9moni beavatkoz\u00e1st l\u00e1ttak, nem pedig \u00fagy, mint a 19. sz\u00e1zadi orvostudom\u00e1ny, az alv\u00e1s fiziol\u00f3giai zavar\u00e1t.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gyors \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00edpus:<\/strong> \u00c9jjeli nyom\u00f3 szellem, r\u00e9m\u00e1lom-hoz\u00f3<br>Eredet: Kis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>, amelyet gyakran halottakkal vagy boszork\u00e1nyokkal hoznak \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe<br>Sz\u00f6vegek: k\u00f6z\u00e9pfeln\u00e9met jogforr\u00e1sok, Grimm, folklorisztikai gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyek<br>Id\u0151szak: Korai k\u00f6z\u00e9pkort\u00f3l napjainkig (nyelvileg m\u00e1ig)<br>Elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s: Drudenfu\u00df, ford\u00edtott cip\u0151, k\u00e9s a p\u00e1rna alatt<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti elhelyez\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A sz\u00f6vegek korszaka<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kor\u00e1n adatolhat\u00f3 a k\u00f6z\u00e9pfeln\u00e9met irodalomban (Nibelung-\u00e9nek, Walther) \u00e9s jogforr\u00e1sokban (ront\u00e1ssal kapcsolatos perek). Gazdagon dokument\u00e1lt a 19-20. sz\u00e1zadi gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyekben (Grimm, Wolf, M\u00fcller-Bergstr\u00f6m). Sz\u00f3k\u00e9nt m\u00e1ig jelen van az <em>Albtraum<\/em> (r\u00e9m\u00e1lom) kifejez\u00e9sben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fclet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e9met nyelvter\u00fclet; szomsz\u00e9dos r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban hasonl\u00f3 alakok m\u00e1s neveken fordulnak el\u0151 (Nachtmahr, Drude, Trud). Az angol <em>nightmare<\/em> sz\u00f3 a Mahr-v\u00e1ltozatra vezethet\u0151 vissza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1shelyzet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00f6z\u00e9pfeln\u00e9met sz\u00f6vegek, jogforr\u00e1sok (var\u00e1zsl\u00e1si perek), a Grimm-f\u00e9le Deutsche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>, a 19-20. sz\u00e1zadi folklorisztikai arch\u00edvumok; a modern alv\u00e1skutat\u00e1s mint vil\u00e1gi folytat\u00e1s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elnevez\u00e9s \u00e9s v\u00e1ltozatok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>K\u00f6z\u00e9pfeln\u00e9met:<\/strong> <em>alp<\/em>, <em>alb<\/em>. Etimol\u00f3giailag rokon az <em>Elf<\/em> sz\u00f3val; az Alp eredetileg negat\u00edv funkci\u00f3j\u00fa elf.<br>Region\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltozatok: Trud\/Drud (bajor), Nachtmahr (elterjedt), Walrider, Doggeli (sv\u00e1jci), Mart (aln\u00e9met).<br>Angolul: <em>mare<\/em> a <em>nightmare<\/em> sz\u00f3ban.<\/p><p>Az Alp = elf azonos\u00edt\u00e1s csak els\u0151 pillant\u00e1sra meglep\u0151: a r\u00e9gebbi germ\u00e1n k\u00e9pzetben az elfek ambivalens l\u00e9nyek voltak, nem a k\u00e9s\u0151i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3r<\/span> bar\u00e1ts\u00e1gos alakjai. Az \u201eelfny\u00edl&#8221; hirtelen betegs\u00e9g eset\u00e9re ugyanebbe a fogalomk\u00f6rbe tartozik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jellemz\u0151k<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Megjelen\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>Kis termet\u0171, neh\u00e9z, sokszor felt\u0171n\u00e9smentes. Egyes tud\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sokban \u00e1llatalakok: macska, p\u00f3k, meny\u00e9t, n\u00e9ha torzult gyermek k\u00e9p\u00e9ben jelenik meg. Vizu\u00e1lisan alig r\u00f6gz\u00edtett, ink\u00e1bb nyom\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00e9s s\u00falyk\u00e9nt \u00e9szlelik.<\/p><p><strong>Viselked\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00c9jjel kulcslyukon, k\u00e9m\u00e9nyen, ajt\u00f3r\u00e9sen \u00e1t \u00e9rkezik. R\u00e1\u00e1ll az alv\u00f3 mellkas\u00e1ra, elveszi l\u00e9legzet\u00e9t \u00e9s mozg\u00e1sk\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t. Az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozat<\/span> nem tud ki\u00e1ltani, nem tud menek\u00fclni. A mai alv\u00e1skutat\u00e1s szerint: klasszikus <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s<\/a>-t\u00fcnettan.<\/p><p><strong>Hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p><p>Az alv\u00f3helys\u00e9g, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen bizonyos \u00e9jszak\u00e1kon (hat\u00e1rnapok, telihold). A paraszti hagyom\u00e1nyban lovak is \u00e9rintettek: az Alp \u00e9jjel \u201emeglovaglja&#8221; a lovat, reggel \u00f6sszekusz\u00e1lt s\u00f6r\u00e9nyt tal\u00e1lnak.<\/p><p><strong>Mitol\u00f3giai besorol\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p><p>Eredetileg elf-alak, a n\u00e9phitben fenyeget\u0151 nyom\u00f3 szellemm\u00e9 alakult. Kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e1t\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sben r\u00e9szben <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szellemi l\u00e9ny, amelynek k\u00e1ros vagy k\u00e9tarc\u00fa hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monnak<\/span> vagy boszork\u00e1ny lelk\u00e9nek tekintett\u00e9k. Modern \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sben az <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t izom-REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s<\/a> neurol\u00f3giai jelens\u00e9gk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezhet\u0151.<\/p><div><p><strong>Alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>A modern orvostudom\u00e1ny az \u00e1llapotot <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t izom-REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1sk\u00e9nt<\/a> vagy <em>isolated sleep paralysis<\/em>k\u00e9nt ismeri. Akkor l\u00e9p fel, amikor a tudat a REM-alv\u00e1s alatt fel\u00e9bred, a test azonban m\u00e9g az \u00e1lom term\u00e9szetes izomt\u00f3nus-v\u00e9delme \u00e1ltal b\u00e9nult. A betegek hallucin\u00e1ci\u00f3kr\u00f3l, l\u00e9gszomjr\u00f3l \u00e9s mellkasukra nehezed\u0151 nyom\u00e1s \u00e9rz\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00e1molnak be.<\/p><p>A kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s korszakt\u00f3l \u00e9s r\u00e9gi\u00f3t\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en ingadozott a term\u00e9szetfeletti \u00e9s az orvosi magyar\u00e1zat k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. A n\u00e9met nyelvter\u00fcleten az Alp sok\u00e1ig a jelens\u00e9gek bevett magyar\u00e1zata maradt. David Hufford a <em>The Terror that Comes in the Night<\/em> (1982) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban dokument\u00e1lta e tapasztalatok fenomenol\u00f3giai \u00e1lland\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t kult\u00far\u00e1kon \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151en.<\/p><p>Az Alp-hagyom\u00e1nyvonalak nem t\u0171ntek el a szekulariz\u00e1ci\u00f3val, hanem \u00e1t\u00e9rtelmez\u0151dtek. A 20. sz\u00e1zadi pszichol\u00f3giai \u00e9s ter\u00e1pi\u00e1s irodalom r\u00e9szben a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a mindennapi kult\u00far\u00e1t, a szok\u00e1sokat \u00e9s a hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00e9pzeteket kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklorisztika<\/span> gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyeire t\u00e1maszkodott, hogy az alv\u00e1szavarokat t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kontextusba helyezze. Az Alp az ismeretlen kultur\u00e1lis arch\u00edvuma maradt, amely kezdetben ellen\u00e1llt a racion\u00e1lis magyar\u00e1zatnak.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adatlap: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Alp legfontosabb jellemz\u0151i egy pillant\u00e1sra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hagyom\u00e1ny<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Germ\u00e1n elf-k\u00e9pzetb\u0151l ered; a n\u00e9phitben fenyeget\u0151 nyom\u00f3 szellemm\u00e9 v\u00e1lt. Kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e1t\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sben r\u00e9szben <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szellemi l\u00e9ny, amelynek k\u00e1ros vagy k\u00e9tarc\u00fa hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monk\u00e9nt<\/span>, r\u00e9szben boszork\u00e1ny lelkek\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az Alp c\u00e9lpontjai<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alv\u00f3 emberek, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen hanyatt fekve. A paraszti hagyom\u00e1nyban az ist\u00e1ll\u00f3ban l\u00e9v\u0151 lovak is.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alak<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kis termet\u0171, neh\u00e9z, form\u00e1tlan. \u00c1llatalakok felv\u00e9tel\u00e9re k\u00e9pes (macska, p\u00f3k, meny\u00e9t). Sokszor ink\u00e1bb nyom\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rz\u00e9kelik, mintsem l\u00e1tj\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nyom\u00e1s a mellkason, mozg\u00e1sk\u00e9ptelens\u00e9g, l\u00e9gszomj, intenz\u00edv r\u00e9m\u00e1lmok. Modern \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s: <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t izom-REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dok<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Drudenfu\u00df (pentagramma) az ajt\u00f3n \u00e9s az \u00e1gyn\u00e1l, ford\u00edtott cip\u0151 az \u00e1gy el\u00e9, k\u00e9s \u00e9llel felfel\u00e9 a p\u00e1rna al\u00e1, orb\u00e1ncf\u0171 az \u00e1gy al\u00e1, im\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az Alp p\u00e1rhuzamai<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mahr, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/lilu-es-lilitu\/\">Lil\u016b \u00e9s Lil\u012btu<\/a>, Empusa, Strix, szl\u00e1v Kikimora, modern <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t izom-REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s<\/a>-kutat\u00e1s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9delmi gyakorlat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>K\u00fcsz\u00f6b- \u00e9s \u00e1gyv\u00e9delem<\/strong><\/p><p>Drudenfu\u00df (egy cs\u00facs\u00e1val felfel\u00e9 mutat\u00f3 pentagramma) az ajt\u00f3n vagy az \u00e1gy felett. A ford\u00edtott cip\u0151 az \u00e1gy el\u0151tt megzavarja az Alpot. K\u00e9s \u00e9llel felfel\u00e9 a p\u00e1rna alatt: eg\u00e9sz K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban adatolhat\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1ny.<\/p><p><strong>Nyelvi formul\u00e1k<\/strong><\/p><p>R\u00f6vid n\u00e9pi mond\u00f3k\u00e1k lefekv\u00e9s el\u0151tt. Az Alpot nev\u00e9n kell sz\u00f3l\u00edtani, ekkor meg kell mondania a h\u00edv\u00f3nak a saj\u00e1t nev\u00e9t, \u00e9s elt\u0171nik. A n\u00e9phit az \u201eAlp-h\u00edv\u00e1st&#8221; elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1si gyakorlatk\u00e9nt ismeri.<\/p><p><strong>L\u00f3v\u00e9delem<\/strong><\/p><p>Az ist\u00e1ll\u00f3ban: patk\u00f3, Alp-t\u00fck\u00f6r (t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e9mdarab), \u00e9g\u0151 l\u00e1mpa. Egyes r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban a l\u00f3ra cseng\u0151s nyak\u00f6rvet tesznek, mert az Alp f\u00e9l a csengetty\u0171 hangj\u00e1t\u00f3l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok \u00e9s modern \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vil\u00e1gm\u00e9ret\u0171 p\u00e1rhuzamok:<\/strong> Lil\u016b\/Lil\u012btu Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00e1ban, Empusa G\u00f6r\u00f6gorsz\u00e1gban, Strix R\u00f3m\u00e1ban, Kikimora a szl\u00e1v ter\u00fcleteken, Baka Jaga bizonyos \u00e9jjeli alakjaiban. Minden\u00fctt ugyanaz a szerkezet: n\u0151nem\u0171 vagy kis termet\u0171 \u00e9jjeli szellem, aki alv\u00f3kat szorongat.<\/p><p><strong>Alv\u00e1skutat\u00e1s:<\/strong> A modern alv\u00e1slaborat\u00f3riumi kutat\u00e1s a t\u00fcnetegy\u00fcttest <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t izom-REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1sk\u00e9nt<\/a> azonos\u00edtja: a REM-alv\u00e1sb\u00f3l val\u00f3 \u00e1tmenetk\u00e9nt, amelynek sor\u00e1n az izomat\u00f3nia \u00e9s az \u00e9brenl\u00e9t \u00e1tfed\u00e9sbe ker\u00fcl. A folklorisztikai kutat\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kon \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151en ugyanazokat a fenomenol\u00f3giai le\u00edr\u00e1sokat mutatja ki.<\/p><p><strong>Recepci\u00f3:<\/strong> Az Alp nyelvileg m\u00e1ig \u00e9l az <em>Albtraum<\/em> (r\u00e9m\u00e1lom) sz\u00f3ban. F\u00fcssli h\u00edres festm\u00e9nye, \u201eDer Nachtmahr&#8221; (1781) a legh\u00edresebb m\u0171v\u00e9szeti feldolgoz\u00e1s. A modern horrorirodalomban \u00e9s filmben is visszat\u00e9r ez a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvum<\/span>.<\/p><div><p><strong>Rokons\u00e1g a Mahr-ral \u00e9s m\u00e1s \u00e9jjeli szellemekkel<\/strong><\/p><p>Az Alp szorosan rokon a <em>Mahr<\/em>-ral; mindkett\u0151 \u00e9jjeli szellem, amely alv\u00f3 emberekre \u00fcl \u00e9s szorong\u00e1st okoz. A k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g sokszor csup\u00e1n a nemben \u00e9s a regionalit\u00e1sban rejlik: ahol az Alp (h\u00edmnem\u0171 vagy semleges) jelenik meg, a szomsz\u00e9dos ter\u00fcleteken a Mahr (n\u0151nem\u0171) magyar\u00e1zhatja ugyanazt a jelens\u00e9get.<\/p><p>Skandin\u00e1v megfelel\u0151k, mint a norv\u00e9g <em>Mareritt<\/em> \u00e9s az izlandi <em>Mara<\/em>, egy germ\u00e1n gy\u00f6k\u00e9rre utalnak, amely \u00c9szak- \u00e9s K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban terjedt el.<\/p><p>Az \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a vall\u00e1sokat \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerrel \u00e9s felekezeti k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcl kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyban<\/span> az Alpot olykor a d\u00e9monok alcsoportjak\u00e9nt sorolj\u00e1k be, de gyakran \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 l\u00e9nykateg\u00f3riak\u00e9nt kezelik, mivel az \u00e9lm\u00e9nyek helyi k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9ge \u00e9s visszat\u00e9r\u0151 jellege jellemz\u0151bbnek t\u0171nik, mint egy klasszikus d\u00e9mon elvont gonoszs\u00e1ga. Ez a hat\u00e1rvonal a szakirodalomban vitatott marad.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9cdd254 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9cdd254\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpebbec9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpebbec9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az Alp \u00e9s az Albtraum sz\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfab36f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfab36f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac5f837 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpac5f837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A legnyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3bb nyom, amelyet az <em>Alp<\/em> a mai nyelvben hagyott, az <em>Albtraum<\/em> sz\u00f3, a r\u00e9gebbi <em>Alptraum<\/em> \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3d mellett. Sz\u00f3 szerint azt az \u00e1lmot jel\u00f6li, amelyet az Alp okoz.<\/p><p>Ez a sz\u00f3nyomozati adat k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl az Alp-k\u00e9pzet l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9hez vezet: az Alp mindenekel\u0151tt nyom\u00f3 szellem, egy l\u00e9ny, amely \u00e9jjel az alv\u00f3ra \u00fcl, mellkas\u00e1t megterheli, \u00e9s \u00edgy neh\u00e9z, f\u00e9lelmetes \u00e1lmokat, a fullad\u00e1s \u00e9s a b\u00e9nul\u00e1s \u00e9rz\u00e9s\u00e9t id\u00e9zi el\u0151.<\/p><p>A sz\u00f3csal\u00e1d messzire ny\u00falik vissza. Rokon az \u00f3\u00e9szaki <em>alfr<\/em> sz\u00f3val, amely az elfeket vagy albokat jel\u00f6li, \u00e9s az angol <em>elf<\/em>-fel.<\/p><p>Az angolban a r\u00e9gi k\u00e9pzet a <em>nightmare<\/em> sz\u00f3ban \u00e9l tov\u00e1bb, amelynek m\u00e1sodik tagja, a <em>mare<\/em>, ugyanabb\u00f3l a t\u0151b\u0151l ered, mint a n\u00e9met <a href=\"\/hu\/mahr\/\">Mahr<\/a>. Ezek a nyelveken \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151 \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sek mutatj\u00e1k, hogy az \u00e9jjeli nyom\u00f3l\u00e9ny k\u00e9pzete a germ\u00e1n nyelvter\u00fcleten igen r\u00e9gi \u00e9s sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elterjedt volt.<\/p><p>Sz\u00f3t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szempontb\u00f3l figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3, hogy az Alp eredetileg nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3an az Alben k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozott, teh\u00e1t term\u00e9szeti l\u00e9nyek egy eg\u00e9sz oszt\u00e1ly\u00e1ba, \u00e9s csak k\u00e9s\u0151bb sz\u0171k\u00fclt le az \u00e9jjeli szorongat\u00f3 saj\u00e1tos funkci\u00f3j\u00e1ra.<\/p><p>A germ\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitol\u00f3gia<\/span> \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a mindennapi kult\u00far\u00e1t, a szok\u00e1sokat \u00e9s a hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00e9pzeteket kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklorisztika<\/span> kutat\u00e1sa kimutatta, hogy a sz\u00f3 jelent\u00e9se t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r is megv\u00e1ltozott: az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos szellemi l\u00e9nyt\u0151l a nyom\u00f3 szellemen \u00e1t az <em>Albtraum<\/em> sz\u00f3ban ma szinte kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag \u00e1tvitt \u00e9rtelemben \u00e9l\u0151 jelent\u00e9sig.<\/p><p>Az Alp \u00edgy p\u00e9lda arra, hogyan \u00e9l tov\u00e1bb egy mitol\u00f3giai k\u00e9pzet a nyelvben, j\u00f3val azut\u00e1n, hogy a l\u00e9ny ir\u00e1nti hit maga elhalv\u00e1nyult.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp383e27c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp383e27c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd33fc94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd33fc94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s: egy r\u00e9gi k\u00e9pzet orvosi magva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp488d917 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp488d917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1274817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1274817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Alp-k\u00e9pzet sokat vizsg\u00e1lt p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja annak, hogyan \u00e9rtelmez\u00fcnk kultur\u00e1lisan egy val\u00f3di testi tapasztalatot. Az Alp-elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s alapj\u00e1t k\u00e9pez\u0151 \u00e9lm\u00e9ny sok von\u00e1s\u00e1ban megfelel annak, amit a mai alv\u00e1smedicina alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00edr le.<\/p><p>Ilyenkor a tudat fel\u00e9bred, mik\u00f6zben az \u00e1lom\u00e1llapotban fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 izomellazul\u00e1s m\u00e9g tart. Az \u00e9rintett \u00e9bren van, de nem tud mozdulni, gyakran nyom\u00e1st \u00e9rez a mellkas\u00e1n, l\u00e9gszomjat \u00e9s szorong\u00e1st, \u00e9s nem ritk\u00e1n fenyeget\u0151 jelenl\u00e9t \u00e9szlel\u00e9se is t\u00e1rsul ehhez a szob\u00e1ban.<\/p><p>Ezt a tapasztalatot minden kult\u00far\u00e1ban \u00e9s minden korszakban feljegyezt\u00e9k, \u00e9s szinte minden\u00fctt egy t\u00e1mad\u00f3 l\u00e9nnyel magyar\u00e1zt\u00e1k. A n\u00e9met n\u00e9phagyom\u00e1ny az Alp m\u0171v\u00e9nek tulajdon\u00edtotta, m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1k hasonl\u00f3 nyom\u00f3 szellemeket ismernek.<\/p><p>Az alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 kult\u00far\u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 kutat\u00e1s kimutatta, hogy a testi alapsymptom\u00e1k figyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3an \u00e1lland\u00f3ak, m\u00edg az \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s kult\u00far\u00e1nk\u00e9nt v\u00e1ltozik. A l\u00e9ny, amelyet az \u00e9rintett \u00e9szlelni v\u00e9l, az adott helyi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1ny<\/span> von\u00e1sait viseli.<\/p><p>Ez a felismer\u00e9s nem teszi \u00e9rv\u00e9nytelenn\u00e9 az Alp-k\u00e9pzetet, hanem \u00e9rthet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi azt. Megmagyar\u00e1zza, mi\u00e9rt volt az Alp-hit olyan elterjedt \u00e9s olyan tart\u00f3s: visszat\u00e9r\u0151, megrend\u00edt\u0151 tapasztalaton alapult, amelyre a modern alv\u00e1skutat\u00e1s el\u0151tt nem \u00e1llt rendelkez\u00e9sre m\u00e1s magyar\u00e1zat.<\/p><p>A folklorisztika \u00e9s a vall\u00e1studom\u00e1ny szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l az Alp mintap\u00e9ld\u00e1ja a testi tapasztalat \u00e9s a kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s \u00f6sszefon\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1nak. A tapasztalat val\u00f3s volt, a magyar\u00e1z\u00f3 l\u00e9ny kultur\u00e1lis konstrukci\u00f3 volt, \u00e9s a kett\u0151 egy\u00fctt egy \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t stabil hiedelemkomplexust alkotott.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp58c2f6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp58c2f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7a02cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7a02cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rokon k\u00e9pzetek \u00e9s a Mahr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5e6a3ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5e6a3ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb6f9e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdb6f9e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Alp nem mag\u00e1nyos alak, hanem szorosan rokon k\u00e9pzetek egy csoportj\u00e1ba tartozik az \u00e9jjeli nyom\u00f3 szellemr\u0151l. Legfontosabb rokona a <a href=\"\/hu\/mahr\/\">Mahr<\/a>, amely a n\u00e9met nyelvter\u00fclet nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9n ugyanazt a funkci\u00f3t t\u00f6lti be: r\u00e1nyomul az alv\u00f3ra, meglovaglja, megterheli mellkas\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Egyes r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban a k\u00e9t kifejez\u00e9st egym\u00e1s mellett haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k, m\u00e1sokban az egyik vagy a m\u00e1sik volt az uralkod\u00f3. Ez a region\u00e1lis eloszl\u00e1s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a mindennapi kult\u00far\u00e1t, a szok\u00e1sokat \u00e9s a hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00e9pzeteket kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklorisztika<\/span> j\u00f3l dokument\u00e1lt ter\u00fclete.<\/p><p>Az eg\u00e9sz k\u00e9pzetk\u00f6rre jellemz\u0151 a t\u00f6bb k\u00e9p kevered\u00e9se. A nyom\u00f3 szellemet r\u00e9szben \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 szellemi l\u00e9nynek gondolj\u00e1k, r\u00e9szben egy \u00e9l\u0151 ember kik\u00fcld\u00f6tt lelk\u00e9nek, aki tudatosan vagy tudatlanul gy\u00f6t\u00f6r m\u00e1sokat.<\/p><p>Ez ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sben az Alp-k\u00e9pzet \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dik a boszork\u00e1nyhittel: a faluban egy bizonyos szem\u00e9ly gyan\u00faba keveredhetett, hogy Alpk\u00e9nt j\u00e1r el m\u00e1sokhoz. Ez\u00e1ltal egy \u00e9jjeli \u00e9lm\u00e9nyb\u0151l t\u00e1rsadalmi probl\u00e9ma lett, amely gyan\u00fat \u00e9s b\u0171nbakkeres\u0151 folyamatokat ind\u00edthatott el a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben.<\/p><p>Ebb\u0151l a k\u00e9pzetvil\u00e1gb\u00f3l magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3k az \u00e1t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00edtett elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k \u00e9s azok logik\u00e1ja is. Mivel az Alp ny\u00edl\u00e1son, csom\u00f3lyukon vagy r\u00e9sen hatol be, e ny\u00edl\u00e1sokat el kellett z\u00e1rni.<\/p><p>Mivel meg lehetett sz\u00e1molni, seg\u00edtett, ha megsz\u00e1ml\u00e1lhat\u00f3 feladatot adtak neki. Mivel kimenet k\u00f6zben ugyanazon az \u00faton kellett visszamennie, el lehetett fogni, ha a bej\u00e1ratot bedugaszolt\u00e1k.<\/p><p>Ezek az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k csak egy meghat\u00e1rozott modell h\u00e1tter\u00e9n \u00e9rthet\u0151k, amelynek keret\u00e9ben az Alp hat. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyi kutat\u00e1s ez\u00e9rt az ilyen elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1si gyakorlatokat az alapul szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 k\u00e9pzet kulcsak\u00e9nt olvassa: abb\u00f3l, amit az Alp ellen tettek, rekonstru\u00e1lhat\u00f3, amit r\u00f3la gondoltak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tov\u00e1bbi hivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aj\u00e1nlott bels\u0151 hivatkoz\u00e1sok:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/eszaki-istenek\/\">Germ\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/mahr\/\">Mahr<\/a> (szoros rokons\u00e1g), <a href=\"\/hu\/draugr\/\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/nix\/\">Nix<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/troll\/\">Troll<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/lilu-es-lilitu\/\">Lil\u016b \u00e9s Lil\u012btu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/empusa\/\">Empusa<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t izom-REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">Alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s<\/a>-kutat\u00e1s<\/li><li>F\u00fcssli, \u201eDer Nachtmahr&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1si irodalom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>A legfontosabb forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s tanulm\u00e1nyok v\u00e1logat\u00e1sa az Alp\/Mahr t\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1ban:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Grimm, Jacob: <em>Deutsche Mythologie<\/em>. 4. Aufl. Berlin 1875, 1878.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hufford, David J.: <em>The Terror That Comes in the Night: An Experience-Centered Study of Supernatural Assault Traditions<\/em>. Philadelphia 1982 (<a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"\/hu\/alvasparalizis\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9brenl\u00e9t izom-REM-at\u00f3nia mellett; vil\u00e1gszerte szellemtapasztalatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari) - neurol\u00f3giailag magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">Alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s<\/a> \u00e9s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3r<\/span>).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich: <em>Ephialtes. Eine pathologisch-mythologische Abhandlung<\/em>. Leipzig 1900.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ranft, Michael: <em>Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der Todten<\/em>. Leipzig 1734 (historisch).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Tov\u00e1bbi alapm\u0171vek az <a href=\"\/hu\/irodalom\/\">irodalomjegyz\u00e9kben<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-alp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Az itt ismertetett v\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1nyok vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se. Az iWell Guard ehhez a kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1nyhoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, \u00e9s a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kort\u00e1rs form\u00e1j\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli. <a href=\"\/hu\/az-iwell-guardrol\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Tudjon meg t\u00f6bbet az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a453185 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a453185\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5511186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5511186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Gyakori k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek az Alpr\u00f3l<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Mi az Alp a germ\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Az Alp a germ\u00e1n-n\u00e9met hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9jjeli \u00e1rt\u00f3 szelleme, amely alv\u00f3 emberek mellkas\u00e1ra telepszik \u00e9s r\u00e9m\u00e1lmokat okoz.<\/p><p>Az Alpb\u00f3l ered az <em>Albtraum<\/em> (r\u00e9m\u00e1lom) sz\u00f3 is (r\u00e9gebbi adat: <em>Alpdruck<\/em>). A modern alv\u00e1skutat\u00e1sban a jelens\u00e9get alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00edrj\u00e1k le: az az \u00e1tmeneti mozg\u00e1sb\u00e9nul\u00e1s, amely a REM-alv\u00e1sba val\u00f3 \u00e1tmenet sor\u00e1n l\u00e9p fel, \u00e9s amelyet nyom\u00e1s\u00e9rzet, l\u00e9gszomj \u00e9s rendk\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e9l\u00e9nk hallucin\u00e1ci\u00f3k k\u00eds\u00e9rnek.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hogyan v\u00e9dekeztek a n\u00e9phitben az Alp ellen?<\/h3><p>A klasszikus n\u00e9pi gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szat sz\u00e1mos elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dot ismert: ford\u00edtva tenni a cip\u0151t az \u00e1gy el\u00e9, nyitott k\u00e9st tenni a p\u00e1rna al\u00e1, vaskamp\u00f3t sz\u00farni az \u00e1gyba, lefekv\u00e9s el\u0151tt elmondani a Miaty\u00e1nkot, pentagramm\u00e1t rajzolni az ajt\u00f3ra.<\/p><p>\u00c9szak-N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban az Alpot mond\u00f3k\u00e1val is el\u0171zt\u00e9k (\u201eAlb, Alb, menj el, nem ideval\u00f3 vagy&#8221;). A Fekete-erd\u0151 hagyom\u00e1nya ismerte az Alp-ko-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtust<\/span>: k\u0151vel f\u00fart bodza-szeg az \u00e1gyoszlopban.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Mi az Alp a germ\u00e1n <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/span>?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Az Alp a germ\u00e1n-n\u00e9met hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9jjeli \u00e1rt\u00f3 szelleme, amely alv\u00f3 emberek mellkas\u00e1ra telepszik \u00e9s r\u00e9m\u00e1lmokat okoz. Az Alpb\u00f3l ered az Albtraum (r\u00e9m\u00e1lom) sz\u00f3 is (r\u00e9gebbi adat: Alpdruck). A modern alv\u00e1skutat\u00e1sban a jelens\u00e9get alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00edrj\u00e1k le: az az \u00e1tmeneti mozg\u00e1sb\u00e9nul\u00e1s, amely a REM-alv\u00e1sba val\u00f3 \u00e1tmenet sor\u00e1n l\u00e9p fel, \u00e9s amelyet nyom\u00e1s\u00e9rzet, l\u00e9gszomj \u00e9s rendk\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e9l\u00e9nk hallucin\u00e1ci\u00f3k k\u00eds\u00e9rnek.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hogyan v\u00e9dekeztek a n\u00e9phitben az Alp ellen?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A klasszikus n\u00e9pi gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szat sz\u00e1mos elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dot ismert: ford\u00edtva tenni a cip\u0151t az \u00e1gy el\u00e9, nyitott k\u00e9st tenni a p\u00e1rna al\u00e1, vaskamp\u00f3t sz\u00farni az \u00e1gyba, lefekv\u00e9s el\u0151tt elmondani a Miaty\u00e1nkot, pentagramm\u00e1t rajzolni az ajt\u00f3ra. \u00c9szak-N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban az Alpot mond\u00f3k\u00e1val is el\u0171zt\u00e9k. A Fekete-erd\u0151 hagyom\u00e1nya ismerte az Alp-ko-<span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">r\u00edtust<\/span>: k\u0151vel f\u00fart bodza-szeg az \u00e1gyoszlopban.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alp, a germ\u00e1n hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme A n\u00e9met n\u00e9phit \u00e9jjeli nyom\u00f3 szelleme. SzellemGerm\u00e1n Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Alp Az Alp a germ\u00e1n hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme. Az Alp a k\u00f6z\u00e9p-eur\u00f3pai n\u00e9phitben az alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s klasszikus alakja. Egy kis, neh\u00e9z szellem \u00e9jszaka az alv\u00f3 mellkas\u00e1ra \u00fcl, elveszi a leveg\u0151j\u00e9t, \u00e9s r\u00e9m\u00e1lom-\u00e9lm\u00e9nyeket id\u00e9z el\u0151. Az \u201eAlbtraum&#8221; (r\u00e9m\u00e1lom) n\u00e9met sz\u00f3 a mai napig \u0151rzi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1660,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Alp","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Alp - A germ\u00e1n hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Az alp a k\u00f6z\u00e9p-eur\u00f3pai n\u00e9phit klasszikus alv\u00e1si b\u00e9nul\u00e1s-alakja: egy kicsi, neh\u00e9z szellem, amely \u00e9jjel az alv\u00f3 mellkas\u00e1ra \u00fcl.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"germanisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53600","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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