{"id":53436,"date":"2026-07-30T17:12:12","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T17:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/preta-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T17:12:36","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T17:12:36","slug":"preta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/preta\/","title":{"rendered":"Preta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53436\" class=\"elementor elementor-53436 elementor-1208\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta, a buddhista hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Preta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span> a buddhista hagyom\u00e1nyban.<\/p><p><strong>T\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony tork\u00fa \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem, a kapzsis\u00e1g karmikus megtestes\u00edt\u0151je.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Szellem: Testn\u00e9lk\u00fcli vagy f\u00e9lig testi l\u00e9ny, elhunyt szem\u00e9ly, term\u00e9szeti l\u00e9ny, h\u00e1zi szellem vagy k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u0151r. A mindennapi \u00e9letben hat, gyakran helyekhez vagy csal\u00e1dokhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik.\">Szellem<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/buddhizmus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Buddhista hagyom\u00e1ny b\u00f3dhiszattv\u00e1kkal, v\u00e9d\u0151istens\u00e9gekkel, \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemekkel \u00e9s pokol-\u0151r\u00f6kkel.\">Buddhizmus<\/a><a href=\"\/hu\/halottiszellemek\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Elhunytak, akiknek szellemei az evil\u00e1gban tov\u00e1bb hatnak: h\u00e1zi szellemek, \u0151s\u00f6k, nyugtalan halottak.\">Halottak szelleme<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1678\" alt=\"Preta - Geister aus der Buddhismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Preta (p\u00e1li: Peta) a buddhista <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vil\u00e1g fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s rendj\u00e9r\u0151l alkotott elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s egy kult\u00far\u00e1n bel\u00fcl.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3gia<\/span> egyik legeml\u00e9kezetesebb alakja. Hatalmas, puffadt has\u00fa, t\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony tork\u00fa \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem, aki l\u00e1t \u00e9s v\u00e1gyakozik, de enni-inni k\u00e9ptelen.<\/p><p>Az alak a karmikus kapzsis\u00e1g k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeinek k\u00e9p\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt: aki \u00e9let\u00e9ben megtagadta az adom\u00e1nyokat, f\u00f6sv\u00e9ny volt, vagy eltulajdon\u00edtotta az alamizsn\u00e1t, a pr\u00e9tavil\u00e1gban sz\u00fcletik \u00fajj\u00e1, \u00e9s az annak megfelel\u0151 n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6z\u00e9st szenvedi el.<\/p><p>A Petavatthu-sz\u00f6vegekben (a p\u00e1li k\u00e1non r\u00e9sze) buddhista mesterek sz\u00e1molnak be pr\u00e9t\u00e1kkal val\u00f3 tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1saikr\u00f3l, amelyek sor\u00e1n a szellemek kor\u00e1bbi tetteiket vallj\u00e1k meg. Az Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">sz\u00fatra<\/span> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Nagy J\u00e1rm\u0171'; a buddhizmus h\u00e1rom f\u0151hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1nak egyike, b\u00f3dhiszattva-ide\u00e1llal \u00e9s kidolgozott filoz\u00f3fiai reflexi\u00f3val.\">Mah\u00e1y\u00e1na<\/span>) elbesz\u00e9li, hogyan l\u00e1tja Maudgalyayana elhunyt anyj\u00e1t pr\u00e9ta-\u00e1llapotban, \u00e9s hogyan tudja megmenteni csak a Szangha kollekt\u00edv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozati<\/span> erej\u00e9vel.<\/p><p>Ebb\u0151l az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sb\u0151l n\u0151tt ki a vil\u00e1gszerte \u00fcnnepelt Hungry Ghost Festival (Ullambana, k\u00ednaiul Yulanpen, jap\u00e1nul Obon). Az alak ez\u00e9rt, ellent\u00e9tben sok m\u00e1s d\u00e9moni l\u00e9nnyel, szorosan \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dik az \u00e9ves napt\u00e1r ritu\u00e1lis gyakorlat\u00e1val.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Egy pillant\u00e1sra: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00edpus:<\/strong> \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem, buddhista \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9s<br>Eredet: a f\u00f6sv\u00e9nys\u00e9g, az irigys\u00e9g, a kapzsis\u00e1g \u00e9s az alamizsna-visszatart\u00e1s karmikus k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye<br>Sz\u00f6vegek: Petavatthu (p\u00e1li), Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">sz\u00fatra<\/span>, Dzs\u00e1tak\u00e1k<br>Id\u0151szak: Kr. e. 5. sz.-t\u00f3l napjainkig<br>K\u00f6zponti \u00fcnnep: Hungry Ghost Festival \/ Ullambana \/ Obon<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A sz\u00f6vegek korszaka<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A p\u00e1li <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s szent iratainak k\u00f6telez\u0151 \u00e9rv\u00e9ny\u0171k\u00e9nt elfogadott gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nye.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00e1nonban<\/span> a Petavatthuval a Kr. e. 3. sz.-t\u00f3l kifejtve. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Nagy J\u00e1rm\u0171; a buddhizmus h\u00e1rom f\u0151hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1nak egyike, b\u00f3dhiszattva-ide\u00e1llal.\">Mah\u00e1y\u00e1na<\/span>-kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s az Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">sz\u00fatr\u00e1val<\/span> (kereszt\u00e9ny id\u0151sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s korai \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadai, k\u00ednaira ford\u00edtva a Kr. u. 3. sz.-ban). A Hungry Ghost Festival K\u00edn\u00e1ban a Tang-kort\u00f3l, Jap\u00e1nban Obon-k\u00e9nt a Nara-kort\u00f3l gy\u00f6keresedett meg. A modern kori hagyom\u00e1ny megszak\u00edtatlan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fclet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Th\u00e9rav\u00e1da: Sr\u00ed Lanka, Thaif\u00f6ld, Mianmar, Laosz, Kambodzsa (ott helyi \u0151skultuszszal \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dva). Mah\u00e1y\u00e1na: K\u00edna, Korea, Jap\u00e1n, Vietn\u00e1m (ott k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9l\u00e9nken). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt J\u00e1rm\u0171'; a Mah\u00e1y\u00e1na-buddhizmus tantrikus form\u00e1ja, els\u0151sorban Tibetben, Yidam-gyakorlattal \u00e9s mantra-technik\u00e1val a k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontban.\">Vadzsraj\u00e1na<\/span>: Tibet, Mong\u00f3lia. Magyar, mongol \u00e9s kazah buddhista k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek. Modern diaszp\u00f3ra-k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek vil\u00e1gszerte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1shelyzet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Petavatthu (p\u00e1li, a Khuddaka Nik\u00e1ja r\u00e9sze), Vimanavatthu (komplementer p\u00e1rjak\u00e9nt), Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">sz\u00fatra<\/span> (szanszkrit\/k\u00ednai), Dzs\u00e1tak\u00e1k, tibeti Halottak K\u00f6nyve-hagyom\u00e1nyok, modern etnogr\u00e1fia a Hungry Ghost Festivalr\u0151l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elnevez\u00e9s \u00e9s \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Szanszkrit:<\/strong> <em>preta<\/em>; p\u00e1li <em>peta<\/em>; n\u0151nem\u0171 <em>pretani<\/em>.<br>K\u00ednai: \u9913\u9b3c (<em>E Gui<\/em>, \u201e\u00e9hes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Test n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>&#8222;).<br>Jap\u00e1n: <em>Gaki<\/em>.<br>Tibeti: <em>yidag<\/em>.<br>Etimol\u00f3gia: a <em>pra-i<\/em> \u201eel\u0151remenni&#8221; sz\u00f3b\u00f3l, eredetileg \u201eelhunyt&#8221;, k\u00e9s\u0151bb az \u00e9hs\u00e9gszellem-oszt\u00e1lyra specializ\u00e1l\u00f3dott.<\/p><p>A fogalom nagyon j\u00f3l szeml\u00e9lteti a fejl\u0151d\u00e9st: a v\u00e9dikus korban a <em>preta<\/em> egyszer\u0171en az \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9s el\u0151tti k\u00f6ztes f\u00e1zisban l\u00e9v\u0151 elhunytat jel\u00f6lte. A buddhizmus pontos\u00edt: bizonyos holtak \u00e9hs\u00e9gszellemekk\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban, buddhizmusban \u00e9s dzsainizmusban a tett-k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9ny t\u00f6rv\u00e9nye: minden cselekedet visszahat a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9tez\u00e9sekre.\">karm\u00e1jukt\u00f3l<\/span> f\u00fcgg\u0151en. Ebb\u0151l a specializ\u00e1ci\u00f3b\u00f3l j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre a pr\u00e9t\u00e1k oszt\u00e1lya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jellemz\u0151k<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Megjelen\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>Hatalmas, puffadt has, apr\u00f3 sz\u00e1j \u00e9s t\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony torok, v\u00e9kony v\u00e9gtagok. \u00c9hes, moh\u00f3 tekintet, sok esetben l\u00e1ngol\u00f3 sz\u00e1j (minden ital t\u0171zz\u00e9 v\u00e1ltozik). A klasszikus d\u00e9monol\u00f3gia szerint 36 pr\u00e9ta-oszt\u00e1ly l\u00e9tezik, mindegyik saj\u00e1tos szenved\u00e9ssel.<\/p><p><strong>Viselked\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>Folyamatosan \u00e9telt keres, de nem tud enni. \u00c1tkozottan \u00f6r\u00f6kk\u00e9 \u00e9hes. Vizet l\u00e1t, amely gennny\u00e9 v\u00e1ltozik; \u00e9telt l\u00e1t, amely el\u00e9g. Az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozati<\/span> adom\u00e1nyok illat\u00e1ra odacs\u00e1bul.<\/p><p><strong>Hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p><p>Saj\u00e1t Pr\u00e9taloka (Pr\u00e9ta-vil\u00e1g) a buddhista <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vil\u00e1g fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s rendj\u00e9r\u0151l alkotott elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s egy kult\u00far\u00e1n bel\u00fcl.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/span>, az emberi vil\u00e1ggal k\u00f6z\u00f6s teret oszt meg, de m\u00e1sk\u00e9ppen \u00e9rz\u00e9kel. Gyakran kor\u00e1bbi \u00e9lethelyei k\u00f6zel\u00e9ben tart\u00f3zkodik. K\u00edn\u00e1ban hagyom\u00e1nyosan a hetedik holdnap idej\u00e9n \u201eszabadul ki&#8221; az alvil\u00e1gb\u00f3l.<\/p><p><strong>Mitol\u00f3giai besorol\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p><p>Nem teremtm\u00e9ny, hanem az \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9si folyamat k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye. F\u00f6sv\u00e9nys\u00e9gb\u0151l, irigys\u00e9gb\u0151l, alamizsnalopot\u00e1sb\u00f3l, vall\u00e1si adom\u00e1nyok vissza\u00e9l\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l ered. A pr\u00e9ta-l\u00e9tez\u00e9s id\u0151tartam\u00e1t a karmikus s\u00faly hat\u00e1rozza meg; ez igen hossz\u00fa lehet, egyes sz\u00f6vegek kalp\u00e1kr\u00f3l sz\u00f3lnak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adatlap: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Preta legfontosabb aspektusai egy pillant\u00e1sra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eredet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Karmikus \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9s f\u00f6sv\u00e9nys\u00e9gb\u0151l, irigys\u00e9gb\u0151l, adom\u00e1nnyal val\u00f3 vissza\u00e9l\u00e9sb\u0151l. Nem teremtm\u00e9ny, hanem l\u00e9tforma a buddhista <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vil\u00e1g fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s rendj\u00e9r\u0151l alkotott elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s egy kult\u00far\u00e1n bel\u00fcl.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A pr\u00e9t\u00e1k c\u00e9lcsoportja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Negat\u00edv karm\u00e1t felhalmozott egykori emberek. A k\u00e9s\u0151i hagyom\u00e1nyokban egyes helyekhez \u00e9s csal\u00e1dokhoz is k\u00f6t\u00f6ttek (\u0151s-pr\u00e9t\u00e1k).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alak<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Puffadt has, apr\u00f3 sz\u00e1j, t\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony torok, v\u00e9kony v\u00e9gtagok. Egyes le\u00edr\u00e1sokban l\u00e1ngol\u00f3 sz\u00e1j. 36 oszt\u00e1ly, mindegyik saj\u00e1tos szenved\u00e9ssel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkci\u00f3<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6r\u00f6kk\u00e9 \u00e9hes, k\u00e9ptelen enni. Kapzsis\u00e1gb\u00f3l \u00fcld\u00f6zi az \u00e9l\u0151ket, az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozati<\/span> adom\u00e1nyok k\u00f6zel\u00e9be h\u00faz\u00f3dik. Betegs\u00e9get okozhat olyan h\u00e1zakban, amelyek elhanyagolj\u00e1k az \u0151s\u00f6ket.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9delem<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adom\u00e1nyok \u00e9s Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span> (n\u00e9vvel megnevezett pr\u00e9t\u00e1knak), az Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">sz\u00fatra<\/span> recit\u00e1l\u00e1sa, v\u00edz- \u00e9s rizs\u00e1gazat felaj\u00e1nl\u00e1sa. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt J\u00e1rm\u0171; a Mah\u00e1y\u00e1na-buddhizmus tantrikus form\u00e1ja, els\u0151sorban Tibetben, Yidam-gyakorlattal a k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontban.\">Vadzsraj\u00e1n\u00e1ban<\/span>: Cog-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span> minden l\u00e9nynek megosztott <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozati<\/span> adom\u00e1nyokkal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A pr\u00e9t\u00e1k p\u00e1rhuzamai<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E Gui (k\u00ednai), Gaki (jap\u00e1n), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a>, Pis\u00e1cha, kereszt\u00e9ny purgat\u00f3riumi alakok mint szerkezetileg rokon \u00e1tmeneti lelkek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00edtus \u00e9s \u00fcnnep<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ullambana \/ Hungry Ghost Festival<\/strong><\/p><p>A hetedik holdnap idej\u00e9n (\u00e1ltal\u00e1ban augusztusban) a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1ny<\/span> szerint megny\u00edlnak az alvil\u00e1g kapui, \u00e9s a pr\u00e9t\u00e1k a vil\u00e1gba \u00e1radnak. A h\u00edvek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozati<\/span> adom\u00e1nyokat hoznak, sz\u00fatr\u00e1kat recit\u00e1lnak, olt\u00e1rokat \u00e1ll\u00edtanak fel. A buddhista \u00e9s a taoista hagyom\u00e1nyok \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dnak, \u00e9s Kelet-\u00c1zsia egyik legnagyobb n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1soss\u00e1gi \u00fcnnep\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak.<\/p><p><strong>Obon Jap\u00e1nban<\/strong><\/p><p>Az Obon idej\u00e9n (\u00e1ltal\u00e1ban augusztus 13-16.) fogadj\u00e1k az \u0151s\u00f6ket. Bon-Odori t\u00e1ncok, t\u00fczek a h\u00e1zbej\u00e1ratokn\u00e1l, s\u00edrl\u00e1togat\u00e1sok. Az anyafigura megv\u00e1lt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz (Mulian\/Maudgalyayana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span>) kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 \u00e9rzelmi t\u00f6ltet rendk\u00edv\u00fcl er\u0151s.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">Szertart\u00e1s<\/span> a mindennapokban<\/strong><\/p><p>A th\u00e9rav\u00e1d\u00e1ban: v\u00edz\u00e1ldozat a pr\u00e9t\u00e1knak a Pindapata-\u00e9tkez\u00e9sn\u00e9l. A vadzsraj\u00e1n\u00e1ban: Sur-f\u00fcst<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozat<\/span>, napi \u201epr\u00e9ta-etet\u00e9s&#8221; az \u00e1ldozati gyakorlat r\u00e9szek\u00e9nt. A mah\u00e1y\u00e1n\u00e1ban: elhunyt hozz\u00e1tartoz\u00f3k nev\u00e9nek kolostorokba val\u00f3 bejelent\u00e9se rendszeres <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">sz\u00fatra<\/span>-recit\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e9rt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok \u00e9s kort\u00e1rs \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Kult\u00far\u00e1kon \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151 \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek<\/strong><\/p><p>Az E Gui (K\u00edna) \u00e9s a Gaki (Jap\u00e1n) k\u00f6zvetlen ford\u00edt\u00e1sok, \u00e9s ugyanannak az alaknak kelet-\u00e1zsiai v\u00e1ltozatai. A Pis\u00e1cha (hinduizmus) az \u00e9hs\u00e9g-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvumot<\/span> a holttestev\u0151 saj\u00e1toss\u00e1ggal osztja meg. Az <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> \u00e9s a r\u00f3mai Lemur\u00e1k szerkezetileg rokon \u00e1tmeneti lelkek.<\/p><p><strong>Pszichol\u00f3giai \u00e9s \u00f6kol\u00f3giai \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s:<\/strong> Kort\u00e1rs buddhista tan\u00edt\u00f3k (Thich Nhat Hanh) a pr\u00e9t\u00e1t pszichol\u00f3giailag is \u00e9rtelmezik: az \u00f6r\u00f6k el\u00e9gedetlens\u00e9g \u00e1llapotak\u00e9nt, anyagi javak birtok\u00e1ban is. \u00d6kol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l a pr\u00e9ta az elhajthatatlan fogyaszt\u00e1s k\u00e9pek\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezhet\u0151, ami ma k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen hat\u00e1sos tan\u00edt\u00f3i figur\u00e1t jelent.<\/p><p><strong>Popkult\u00fara:<\/strong> A jap\u00e1n anime \u00e9s manga rendszeresen id\u00e9zi a Gaki-mot\u00edvumokat. A Hungry Ghost Festival kommercializ\u00e1l\u00f3dott, vall\u00e1si jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge azonban megmaradt. A nyugati fantasy a pr\u00e9t\u00e1kat \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 sz\u00f6rnyalakk\u00e9nt adapt\u00e1lta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26fd4bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26fd4bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ca3f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ca3f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A pr\u00e9ta-l\u00e9t megalapoz\u00e1sa a karma-gondolkod\u00e1sban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5a782f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb5a782f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf49c5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf49c5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>pr\u00e9tak\u00e9nt<\/em> (p\u00e1li <em>peta<\/em>) val\u00f3 \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9s a buddhista kozmoszban egy j\u00f3l k\u00f6r\u00fclhat\u00e1rolt cselekedet-egy\u00fcttes k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt sz\u00e1m\u00edt. Az olyan sz\u00f6vegek, mint a <em>Petavatthu<\/em>, az \u00f6tvenegy k\u00eds\u00e9rtetelbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nye a p\u00e1li k\u00e1non Khuddaka Nik\u00e1j\u00e1j\u00e1ban, az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellembirodalomban val\u00f3 sz\u00fclet\u00e9st alapvet\u0151en f\u00f6sv\u00e9nys\u00e9gre, kapzsis\u00e1gra, az alamizsna megtagad\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s az \u00e9lelmiszer r\u00e1szorul\u00f3kt\u00f3l val\u00f3 megvon\u00e1s\u00e1ra vezeti vissza.<\/p><p>A b\u00fcntet\u00e9s t\u00fckr\u00f6zi a tettet: aki \u00e9let\u00e9ben semmit sem adott, t\u0171finom tork\u00fa \u00e9s hatalmas has\u00fa l\u00e9nyk\u00e9nt szenved, aki soha nem j\u00f3llakhat.<\/p><p>Ez a t\u00fck\u00f6rszer\u0171s\u00e9g nem v\u00e9letlen, hanem a buddhista tan\u00edt\u00e1s kifejez\u0151d\u00e9se, miszerint a karmikus hat\u00e1s megfelel az ok term\u00e9szet\u00e9nek. A <em>Petavatthu<\/em> elbesz\u00e9li, hogy asszonyok, akik romlott \u00e9telt adtak vend\u00e9geiknek, most maguk k\u00e9nytelenek gennyet \u00e9s \u00fcr\u00fcl\u00e9ket enni, vagy egy f\u00e9rfit, aki szidta a szerzeteseket, \u00e9s most rothadt sz\u00e1jjal bolyong.<\/p><p>Dhammapala komment\u00e1rja, a <em>Petavatthu-atthakatha<\/em>, minden t\u00f6rt\u00e9netet egy konkr\u00e9t v\u00e9tekhez rendel hozz\u00e1, \u00e9s \u00edgy a gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyt erk\u00f6lcsi tank\u00f6nyvv\u00e9 teszi.<\/p><p>Fontos az id\u0151beli korl\u00e1toss\u00e1g. A pokoli sz\u00fclet\u00e9ssel ellent\u00e9tben, amely rendk\u00edv\u00fcl hossz\u00fa, de szint\u00e9n v\u00e9ges id\u0151szakokat foglal mag\u00e1ban, a pr\u00e9ta-l\u00e9t olyan \u00e1llapotnak sz\u00e1m\u00edt, amelyet a megmarad\u00f3 j\u00f3 karma vagy az \u00e9l\u0151k \u00e9rdem\u00e1tvitele megr\u00f6vid\u00edthet.<\/p><p>Ez\u00e9rt az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellembirodalomnak k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 helyzete van a hat l\u00e9tez\u00e9si ter\u00fclet k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, a pokoli l\u00e9nyek \u00e9s az \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. A n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6z\u00e9s helye ez, nem az akt\u00edv k\u00ednz\u00e1s\u00e9.<\/p><p>A buddhista etika ebb\u0151l kett\u0151s tan\u00edt\u00e1st von le. Egyr\u00e9szt a pr\u00e9t\u00e1k k\u00e9pe elrettent\u00e9sk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l a f\u00f6sv\u00e9nys\u00e9gt\u0151l. M\u00e1sr\u00e9szt megalapozza az adakoz\u00e1s (<em>d\u00e1na<\/em>) k\u00f6zponti gyakorlat\u00e1t: a nagylelk\u0171s\u00e9g az az \u00fat, amely \u00e9ppen nem az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellembirodalomba vezet.<\/p><p>A Preta teh\u00e1t kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 r\u00e9mk\u00e9p, mint ink\u00e1bb tan\u00edt\u00f3i alak, amelyen a cselekv\u00e9s \u00e9s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9ny viszonya szeml\u00e9letesen megmutatkozik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f2f2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9f2f2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf68fe07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf68fe07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A k\u00eds\u00e9rtet\u00fcnnep \u00e9s az \u00e9rdemek \u00e1tad\u00e1sa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11fbd0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp11fbd0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6817619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6817619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek ritu\u00e1lis ell\u00e1t\u00e1sa a buddhizmus egyik legr\u00e9gebbi \u00e9s legelterjedtebb gyakorlat\u00e1hoz tartozik. K\u00e1nonbeli megalapoz\u00e1s\u00e1t a Khuddaka Nik\u00e1ja <em>Tirokudda Szutt\u00e1j\u00e1ban<\/em> tal\u00e1ljuk, amelyben a Buddha megmagyar\u00e1zza, hogy az elhunyt rokonok nev\u00e9ben a szerzetesk\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1nyok az pr\u00e9tak\u00e9nt \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fcletett hozz\u00e1tartoz\u00f3knak is jav\u00e1ra v\u00e1lhatnak.<\/p><p>A mechanizmus neve \u00e9rdem\u00e1tvitel (<em>pattid\u00e1na<\/em>): az \u00e9l\u0151 egy j\u00f3 tett r\u00e9v\u00e9n \u00e9rdemet hoz l\u00e9tre, \u00e9s azt kifejezetten a halottnak aj\u00e1nlja, aki ennek \u00f6r\u00fcl, \u00e9s \u00e1ltala tehermentes\u00fcl.<\/p><p>Ebb\u0151l az elgondol\u00e1sb\u00f3l fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt ki Kelet-\u00c1zsi\u00e1ban a nagy k\u00eds\u00e9rtet\u00fcnnep.<\/p><p>K\u00edn\u00e1ban <em>Yulanpennek<\/em> h\u00edvj\u00e1k, \u00e9s a hetedik holdnap idej\u00e9n tartj\u00e1k, Jap\u00e1nban <em>Obonk\u00e9nt<\/em>.<\/p><p>Az alap a <em>Yulanpen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A hinduizmusban \u00e9s a buddhizmusban t\u00f6m\u00f6r form\u00e1j\u00fa tan\u00edt\u00f3sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">sz\u00fatra<\/span><\/em>, amely Maudgalyayana szerzetes t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9t mes\u00e9li el: term\u00e9szetfeletti l\u00e1t\u00e1ssal megl\u00e1tja elhunyt anyj\u00e1t, aki \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemk\u00e9nt szenved, \u00e9s egyed\u00fcl nem tudja megv\u00e1ltani, csak az eg\u00e9sz szerzetesk\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g k\u00f6z\u00f6s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Az istens\u00e9gnek felaj\u00e1nlott konkr\u00e9t t\u00e1rgy vagy \u00e9tel.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozat\u00e1val<\/span> az es\u0151szakasz v\u00e9g\u00e9n.<\/p><p>Az \u00fcnnep ez\u00e1ltal a gyermeki kegyeletet a buddhista \u00fcdv\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00e9stannal kapcsolja \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p>A gyakorlatban az \u00fcnnep idej\u00e9n \u00e9telt, italt \u00e9s jelk\u00e9pes p\u00e9nzt helyeznek ki, sz\u00fatr\u00e1kat recit\u00e1lnak \u00e9s l\u00e1mp\u00e1kat gy\u00fajtanak. A sr\u00ed lankai \u00e9s d\u00e9lkelet-\u00e1zsiai th\u00e9rav\u00e1da-buddhista vil\u00e1gban a halottak nev\u00e9ben a szerzeteseknek adott alamizsn\u00e1k a megfelel\u0151 form\u00e1k, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a hetedik napon, h\u00e1rom h\u00f3nap eltelt\u00e9vel \u00e9s egy \u00e9v ut\u00e1n.<\/p><p>A tibeti buddhizmus ismeri a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szertart\u00e1st<\/span>, a <em>sur<\/em>-t, egy el\u00e9getett \u00e9telb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00edtett f\u00fcst\u00e1ldozatot, amelynek illata az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemeket t\u00e1pl\u00e1lja, mivel megsz\u0171k\u00fclt torkuk nem k\u00e9pes szil\u00e1rd t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kot befogadni.<\/p><p>Ezek a szertart\u00e1sok azt mutatj\u00e1k, hogy a Preta a meg\u00e9lt buddhizmusban nem t\u00e1voli tan\u00edt\u00f3i alak, hanem olyan l\u00e9ny, amellyel folyamatos kapcsolat \u00e1ll fenn. A halott a csal\u00e1d r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek marad, \u00e9s gondoskod\u00e1sa a h\u00e1tramaradottak k\u00f6teless\u00e9ge.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6c2679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6c2679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp463f07c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp463f07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az ikonogr\u00e1fiai \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s az \u00e9letker\u00e9kben<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0d1ef8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb0d1ef8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp072efc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp072efc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek legelterjedtebb k\u00e9pe a <em>bhavacsakr\u00e1ban<\/em>, a buddhista \u00e9letker\u00e9kben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, amely sz\u00e1mos tibeti kolostor bej\u00e1rat\u00e1t d\u00edsz\u00edti. A k\u00f6r hat szegmensre van felosztva, amelyek egyike a pr\u00e9t\u00e1k birodalm\u00e1t mutatja.<\/p><p>Az ikonogr\u00e1fiai hagyom\u00e1ny r\u00f6gz\u00edtett: v\u00e9kony v\u00e9gtagok, felduzzadt has, hossz\u00fa v\u00e9kony nyak \u00e9s apr\u00f3 sz\u00e1j, amely sokszor t\u0171foknyira sz\u0171k\u00fcl. Ez az anat\u00f3mia l\u00e1that\u00f3v\u00e1 teszi a b\u00fcntet\u00e9st: az \u00e9hs\u00e9g csillap\u00edthatatlan, mert a test nem tudja befogadni a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kot.<\/p><p>A festm\u00e9nyek gyakran \u00e1br\u00e1zolnak egy Buddh\u00e1t, aki megjelenik a pr\u00e9t\u00e1knak, \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 tan\u00edt\u00e1st vagy t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kot k\u00edn\u00e1l nekik. Ez az alak rendszerint piros vagy s\u00e1rga alakk\u00e9nt jelenik meg, \u00e9s arra utal, hogy az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellembirodalomban sem z\u00e1rult el teljesen a felszabadul\u00e1s \u00fatja.<\/p><p>A Pr\u00e9ta-birodalom t\u00e1jk\u00e9pe sz\u00e1raz, kisz\u00e1radt s\u00edks\u00e1gk\u00e9nt jelenik meg, olykor foly\u00f3kkal, amelyek az iv\u00f3v\u00edz-k\u00eds\u00e9rlet pillanat\u00e1ban gennny\u00e9, v\u00e9rr\u00e9 vagy t\u0171zz\u00e9 v\u00e1ltoznak.<\/p><p>A tibeti sz\u00f6vegek tov\u00e1bb differenci\u00e1lj\u00e1k az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemeket. Egy elterjedt feloszt\u00e1s megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zteti a k\u00fcls\u0151 akad\u00e1lyokkal rendelkez\u0151 pr\u00e9t\u00e1kat, akik egyszer\u0171en nem tal\u00e1lnak t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kot, a bels\u0151 akad\u00e1lyokkal rendelkez\u0151 pr\u00e9t\u00e1kat, akiknek test\u00fck nem engedi meg a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kfelv\u00e9telt, \u00e9s azokat a pr\u00e9t\u00e1kat, akiknek maga a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9k a gy\u00f6trelem. Ez a rendszerez\u00e9s megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Gampopa <em>A felszabadul\u00e1s \u00e9kk\u00f6ve<\/em> (12. sz.) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben.<\/p><p>A kelet-\u00e1zsiai m\u0171v\u00e9szetben az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek az \u00e9letker\u00e9ken k\u00edv\u00fcl is felt\u0171nnek. A Heian-kori jap\u00e1n <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> k\u00e9ptekercs, amelyet ma Toki\u00f3 \u00e9s Kiot\u00f3 m\u00fazeumaiban \u0151riznek, jelenetek sorozat\u00e1ban mutatja be az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemeket, akik temet\u0151kben, \u00e1rny\u00e9ksz\u00e9kek \u00e9s \u00e1ldoz\u00f3helyek k\u00f6zel\u00e9ben tart\u00f3zkodnak, \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9ges emberek \u00e9szlel\u00e9se n\u00e9lk\u00fcl \u00e9lnek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck.<\/p><p>Ez a tekercs a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori jap\u00e1n fest\u00e9szet f\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edt, \u00e9s igazolja, hogy a k\u00e9pzet milyen konkr\u00e9tan gy\u00f6kerezett a mindennapi \u00e9letben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp653e979 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp653e979\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf700548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf700548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El\u0151budddhista gy\u00f6kerek \u00e9s a v\u00e9dikus pr\u00e9ta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa99ec33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa99ec33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d0367b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8d0367b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>preta<\/em> fogalom nem buddhista eredet\u00fc, hanem India r\u00e9gebbi vall\u00e1si sz\u00f3kincs\u00e9b\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik. Sz\u00f3 szerint az el\u0151rement vagy az elt\u00e1vozott szem\u00e9lyt jelenti, a <em>pra<\/em> el\u0151tagb\u00f3l \u00e9s egy menni jelent\u00e9s\u0171 gy\u00f6kb\u0151l k\u00e9pezve.<\/p><p>A v\u00e9dikus \u00e9s korai hindu sz\u00f6vegekben a <em>preta<\/em> kezdetben egyszer\u0171en a nemr\u00e9g elhunytat jel\u00f6li, aki \u00e1tmeneti \u00e1llapotban van, miel\u0151tt a halotti szertart\u00e1sok r\u00e9v\u00e9n <em>pitrr\u00e9<\/em>, azaz \u0151siv\u00e1 v\u00e1lik.<\/p><p>Ez az \u00e1tmenet a hindu ritu\u00e1lis rendben pontosan szab\u00e1lyozott. A <em>shraddha<\/em>-szertart\u00e1sok, a halottaknak sz\u00f3l\u00f3 \u00e9telaj\u00e1nd\u00e9kok, arra hivatottak, hogy a nyugtalan pr\u00e9t\u00e1t az \u0151s\u00f6k rendezett k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g\u00e9be vezess\u00e9k \u00e1t.<\/p><p>Ha elmaradnak, vagy valaki rossz hal\u00e1lt hal, az elhunyt nyugtalan pr\u00e9tak\u00e9nt maradhat. Ebben az elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sben a pr\u00e9ta teh\u00e1t nem \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 l\u00e9tter\u00fclet, hanem vesz\u00e9lyes \u00e1tmeneti f\u00e1zis, amelyet helyes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szertart\u00e1ssal<\/span> kell lez\u00e1rni.<\/p><p>A buddhizmus \u00e1tvette a fogalmat, de \u00e1talak\u00edtotta. Az id\u0151leges k\u00f6ztes \u00e1llapotb\u00f3l az \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9si k\u00f6rforg\u00e1s hat r\u00f6gz\u00edtett l\u00e9tter\u00fclet\u00e9nek egyike lett, amelybe meghat\u00e1rozott karma r\u00e9v\u00e9n teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben belesz\u00fcletik az ember.<\/p><p>A kapcsolat a halotti szertart\u00e1sokkal megmaradt, de eltol\u00f3dott: az \u0151s megteremt\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6teless\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l az \u00e1tsz\u00fclhetett l\u00e9ny sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra val\u00f3 \u00e9rdem\u00e1tvitel lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1ltozott.<\/p><p>Ez a k\u00f6z\u00f6s gy\u00f6k\u00e9r magyar\u00e1zza, hogy a hindu \u00e9s buddhista halotti gyakorlat mi\u00e9rt hasonl\u00edt egym\u00e1shoz oly sokszor, \u00e9s D\u00e9l-\u00c1zsia meg\u00e9lt vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g\u00e1ban mi\u00e9rt neh\u00e9z sz\u00e9tv\u00e1lasztani \u0151ket.<\/p><p>Azt is megmutatja, hogy a buddhista pr\u00e9ta nem a semmib\u0151l sz\u00fcletett, hanem egy r\u00e9gi indiai elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9st \u00e9p\u00edtett be egy \u00faj kozmol\u00f3giai rendszerbe. Aki meg akarja \u00e9rteni az alakot, annak ezt a r\u00e9tegzetts\u00e9get is figyelembe kell vennie: a v\u00e9dikus el\u0151t\u00f6rt\u00e9netet \u00e9s a buddhista \u00fajra\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9st.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77bf53f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp77bf53f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp083baac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp083baac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elterjed\u00e9s \u00e9s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s \u00c1zsia buddhista kult\u00far\u00e1iban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b61d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b61d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c34744 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c34744\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A buddhizmus terjed\u00e9s\u00e9vel egy\u00fctt v\u00e1ndorolt az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem k\u00e9pzete is, \u00e9s alkalmazkodott a helyi viszonyokhoz. A th\u00e9rav\u00e1da-orsz\u00e1gokban, Sr\u00ed Lank\u00e1n, Mianmarban, Thaif\u00f6ld\u00f6n, Laoszban \u00e9s Kambodzs\u00e1ban er\u0151s maradt a p\u00e1li <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s szent iratainak k\u00f6telez\u0151 \u00e9rv\u00e9ny\u0171k\u00e9nt elfogadott gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nye.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00e1nonhoz<\/span> \u00e9s a <em>Petavatthuhoz<\/em> val\u00f3 k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Itt a pr\u00e9ta-k\u00e9pzet r\u00e9szben \u00f6sszeolvadt a helyi szellemhitekkel, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a thai <em>phi<\/em>-vel, \u00fagyhogy a buddhista \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem nem mindig k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00fcl el \u00e9lesen m\u00e1s nyugtalan halottakt\u00f3l.<\/p><p>K\u00edn\u00e1ban az elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s egy m\u00e1r magasan fejlett \u0151skereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9gre tal\u00e1lt. Az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem, k\u00ednaiul <em>egui<\/em>, ott szorosan \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3dott az elhanyagolt vagy ut\u00f3d n\u00e9lk\u00fcli halottak miatti aggodalommal. Akinek nincsenek lesz\u00e1rmazottai, akik <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozatot<\/span> mutatnak be, az \u00e9hes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellemm\u00e9<\/span> v\u00e1lhat.<\/p><p>A hetedik h\u00f3napos k\u00eds\u00e9rtet\u00fcnnep az \u00e9v egyik legfontosabb \u00fcnnep\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, amelyen megny\u00edlnak az alvil\u00e1g kapui \u00e9s a szellemek szertej\u00e1rnak. Itt a buddhista \u00fcdv\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00e9stan taoista \u00e9s n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1si elemekkel fon\u00f3dott \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p>A tibeti buddhizmus a l\u00e9pcs\u0151-\u00fat sz\u00f6vegeiben rendszerezte az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemeket, \u00e9s a <em>sur<\/em> f\u00fcst\u00e1ldozattal saj\u00e1t ritu\u00e1lis form\u00e1t fejlesztett ki. A <em>yidak<\/em> alakja, ahogyan tibetiben a pr\u00e9t\u00e1t nevezik, szil\u00e1rdan be\u00e9p\u00fcl a tudatba, mert az \u00e9letker\u00e9k minden kolostor bej\u00e1rat\u00e1n\u00e1l l\u00e1that\u00f3.<\/p><p>Jap\u00e1nban v\u00e9g\u00fcl az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem a <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> r\u00e9v\u00e9n m\u0171v\u00e9szett\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg jelent\u0151s kifejezet\u00e9st kapott, \u00e9s az Obon-\u00fcnnepen megmaradt. A <em>gaki<\/em> sz\u00f3 a modern jap\u00e1nban m\u00e9g k\u00f6znyelvi szitoksz\u00f3v\u00e1 is v\u00e1lt fal\u00e1nk vagy rosszul nevelt gyermek jel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re, ami bizony\u00edtja, hogy a vall\u00e1si k\u00e9pzet milyen m\u00e9lyen nyomult be a mindennapi nyelvhaszn\u00e1latba.<\/p><p>Ez a kultur\u00e1lis soksz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g azt mutatja, hogy a Preta nem maradt merev tan\u00edt\u00f3i alak, hanem a buddhista vil\u00e1g \u00e9l\u0151, alkalmazkod\u00f3 elem\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tov\u00e1bbi hivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aj\u00e1nlott bels\u0151 hivatkoz\u00e1sok:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/buddhizmus\/\">Buddhizmus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/mara\/\">Mara<\/a>, Yamad\u00fata, <a href=\"\/hu\/naraka-orzok\/\">Naraka-W\u00e4chter<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/dakini\/\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li>E <a href=\"\/hu\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a> (K\u00edna), <a href=\"\/hu\/pishacha\/\">Pis\u00e1cha<\/a> (hinduizmus), p\u00e1rhuzamok<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> (az Edimmu mint el\u0151zm\u00e9ny-mot\u00edvum)<\/li><li>Ullambana\/Obon-\u00fcnnep<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s irodalom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>A legfontosabb forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s tanulm\u00e1nyok v\u00e1logat\u00e1sa a Pret\u00e1r\u00f3l:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Gehman, Henry S.: <em>Petavatthu. Stories of the Departed<\/em>. Oxford 1942.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Robert J.: <em>Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan<\/em>. Stanford 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>Travels in the Netherworld. Buddhist Popular Narratives of Death and the Afterlife in Tibet<\/em>. Oxford 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gombrich, Richard: <em>Precept and Practice<\/em>. Oxford 1971.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Tov\u00e1bbi alapm\u0171vek az <a href=\"\/hu\/irodalom\/\">irodalomjegyz\u00e9kben<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-preta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Az itt ismertetett v\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1nyok vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se. Az iWell Guard ehhez a kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1nyhoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, \u00e9s a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kort\u00e1rs form\u00e1j\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli. <a href=\"\/hu\/az-iwell-guardrol\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Tudjon meg t\u00f6bbet az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efee16 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7efee16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2508526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Gyakori k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek a Pret\u00e1r\u00f3l<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Mik a pr\u00e9t\u00e1k a buddhizmusban?<\/h3><p>A Preta (szanszkrit az elt\u00e1vozottak\u00e9rt, tibetiben Yi-dvags) a buddhizmusban az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek, az \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9s hat l\u00e9tter\u00fclet\u00e9nek egyike. T\u00falm\u00e9retezett gyomr\u00fa, apr\u00f3 sz\u00e1j\u00fa vagy t\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony tork\u00fa l\u00e9nyek: soha nem telnek j\u00f3l, mert minden falat hamuv\u00e1 \u00e9g, amint a sz\u00e1jukba ker\u00fcl.<\/p><p>A Bhavacsakr\u00e1ban (tibeti \u00e9letker\u00e9k) jellegzetes ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1val \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k \u0151ket. Karmikus ok: f\u00f6sv\u00e9nys\u00e9g, kapzsis\u00e1g, \u00f6nz\u0151s\u00e9g \u00e9let\u00fckben; aki \u00e9let\u00e9ben megtagadta m\u00e1sokt\u00f3l az \u00e9telt, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151ben \u00e9hez\u0151 pr\u00e9tak\u00e9nt sz\u00fcletik \u00fajj\u00e1.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Mi a buddhista \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek \u00fcnnepe?<\/h3><p>Az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek \u00fcnnepe (k\u00ednaiul Yulanpen, jap\u00e1nul Obon, koreaiul Baekjung) Kelet-\u00c1zsia egyik legfontosabb n\u00e9pi buddhista \u00fcnnepe, a hetedik holdnap idej\u00e9n. Visszavezet Maudgalyayana t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9re, Buddha egyik tan\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1\u00e9ra, aki megtal\u00e1lja anyj\u00e1t a Pr\u00e9ta-birodalomban, de k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl nem tudja megetetni.<\/p><p>A Buddha megtan\u00edtja, hogy az es\u0151szakasz v\u00e9g\u00e9n a Szangh\u00e1n (a szerzetesk\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gen) kereszt\u00fcl felaj\u00e1nlott adom\u00e1nyok el\u00e9rik az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemeket. Ebb\u0151l n\u0151tt ki a nagy kelet-\u00e1zsiai \u00fcnnep az elhunytaknak sz\u00f3l\u00f3 adom\u00e1nyokkal, t\u00e1ncel\u0151ad\u00e1sokkal (Bon Odori) \u00e9s jelk\u00e9pes l\u00e1mpa\u00fasztat\u00e1ssal.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Mik a pr\u00e9t\u00e1k a buddhizmusban?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A Preta (szanszkrit az elt\u00e1vozottak\u00e9rt, tibetiben Yi-dvags) a buddhizmusban az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek, az \u00fajj\u00e1sz\u00fclet\u00e9s hat l\u00e9tter\u00fclet\u00e9nek egyike. T\u00falm\u00e9retezett gyomr\u00fa, apr\u00f3 sz\u00e1j\u00fa vagy t\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony tork\u00fa l\u00e9nyek: soha nem telnek j\u00f3l, mert minden falat hamuv\u00e1 \u00e9g, amint a sz\u00e1jukba ker\u00fcl. A Bhavacsakr\u00e1ban (tibeti \u00e9letker\u00e9k) jellegzetes ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1val \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k \u0151ket. Karmikus ok: f\u00f6sv\u00e9nys\u00e9g, kapzsis\u00e1g, \u00f6nz\u0151s\u00e9g \u00e9let\u00fckben; aki \u00e9let\u00e9ben megtagadta m\u00e1sokt\u00f3l az \u00e9telt, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151ben \u00e9hez\u0151 pr\u00e9tak\u00e9nt sz\u00fcletik \u00fajj\u00e1.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Mi a buddhista \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek \u00fcnnepe?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemek \u00fcnnepe (k\u00ednaiul Yulanpen, jap\u00e1nul Obon, koreanul Baekjung) Kelet-\u00c1zsia egyik legfontosabb n\u00e9pi buddhista \u00fcnnepe, a hetedik holdnap idej\u00e9n. Visszavezet Maudgalyayana t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9re, Buddha egyik tan\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1\u00e9ra, aki megtal\u00e1lja any j\u00e1t a Pr\u00e9ta-birodalomban, de k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl nem tudja megetetni. A Buddha megtan\u00edtja, hogy az es\u0151szakasz v\u00e9g\u00e9n a Szangh\u00e1n (a szerzeteskoz\u00f6ss\u00e9gen) kereszt\u00fcl felaj\u00e1nlott adom\u00e1nyok el\u00e9rik az \u00e9hez\u0151 szellemeket. Ebb\u0151l n\u0151tt ki a nagy kelet-\u00e1zsiai \u00fcnnep az elhunytaknak sz\u00f3l\u00f3 adom\u00e1nyokkal, t\u00e1ncel\u0151ad\u00e1sokkal (Bon Odori) \u00e9s jelk\u00e9pes l\u00e1mpan\u00faszt\u00e1t\u00e1ssal.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Preta, a buddhista hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme A Preta szellem a buddhista hagyom\u00e1nyban. T\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony tork\u00fa \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem, a kapzsis\u00e1g karmikus megtestes\u00edt\u0151je. SzellemBuddhizmusHalottak szelleme Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Preta A Preta (p\u00e1li: Peta) a buddhista kozmol\u00f3gia egyik legeml\u00e9kezetesebb alakja. Hatalmas, puffadt has\u00fa, t\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony tork\u00fa \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem, aki l\u00e1t \u00e9s v\u00e1gyakozik, de enni-inni k\u00e9ptelen. Az alak a karmikus kapzsis\u00e1g k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeinek [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1678,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Preta","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Preta - a buddhista hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"A Preta (p\u00e1li: Peta) a buddhista kozmol\u00f3gia egyik legeml\u00e9kezetesebb alakja. Hatalmas, puffadt has\u00fa, t\u0171foknyian v\u00e9kony tork\u00fa \u00e9hez\u0151 szellem, aki l\u00e1t \u00e9s v\u00e1gyakozik, de enni-inni k\u00e9ptelen.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53436","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preta - a buddhista hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Preta (p\u00e1li: Peta) a buddhista kozmol\u00f3gia egyik legeml\u00e9kezetesebb alakja. 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