{"id":53383,"date":"2026-07-30T16:50:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/buga-az-evenki-tunguzok-foistene\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T16:50:41","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:50:41","slug":"buga","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/buga\/","title":{"rendered":"Buga &#8211; az evenki tunguzok f\u0151istene"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53383\" class=\"elementor elementor-53383 elementor-2642\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga, az evenki tunguzok f\u0151istene \u00e9s az univerzum ura<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Buga az evenki \u00e9s m\u00e1s tunguz n\u00e9pek vall\u00e1si rendszer\u00e9ben egyszerre f\u0151isten, \u00e9g, univerzum \u00e9s vil\u00e1g. \u0150 a kozmikus eg\u00e9sz, amelyben a s\u00e1m\u00e1nutaz\u00e1sok, a vad\u00e1szati rend \u00e9s az \u00e9letciklus mind helyet kapnak. Az evenki \u00e9s m\u00e1s tunguz n\u00e9pek m\u00edtosz\u00e1ban Buga az eget, az univerzumot \u00e9s a vil\u00e1got egyetlen alakban egyes\u00edti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Teremt\u0151 a Szib\u00e9ria \/ tengrianizmus hagyom\u00e1nyban.\">Teremt\u0151<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A Szib\u00e9ria \/ tengrianizmus hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">Szib\u00e9ria \/ tengrianizmus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"F\u0151istens\u00e9g.\">F\u0151istens\u00e9g<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2862\" alt=\"Buga Tungus - G\u00f6tter aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Buga az <strong>evenki tunguz<\/strong> n\u00e9pek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si rendszer, amelyben szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e9rintkeznek a szellemvil\u00e1ggal.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmus\u00e1ban<\/span> a fels\u0151 vil\u00e1g f\u0151istenek\u00e9nt \u00e9s a kozmikus rend megalap\u00edt\u00f3jak\u00e9nt sz\u00e1m\u00edt. A Buga-<strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span><\/strong> \u00e9s forr\u00e1sai k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen j\u00f3l adatoltak az evenki \u00e9nekekben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az evenki n\u00e9p (kor\u00e1bban tunguzoknak nevezt\u00e9k) Kelet-Szib\u00e9ri\u00e1ban \u00e9l a Jenyiszej \u00e9s a Csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1n k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sukban Buga (egyes dialektusokban <em>Boga<\/em>, <em>Buya<\/em>, <em>Buwa<\/em>) olyan fogalom, amely egyszerre jelenti az \u201eeget&#8221;, a \u201evil\u00e1got&#8221;, az \u201euniverzumot&#8221; \u00e9s a \u201ef\u0151istent&#8221; &#8211; figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 nyelvi s\u0171r\u00edt\u00e9s, amelyet Szergej Shirokogoroff iranista vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9sz klasszikus m\u00fcv\u00e9ben, a <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em>-ban (1935) r\u00e9szletesen elemzett.<\/p><p>A <a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\">szib\u00e9riai-tengri hagyom\u00e1nyon<\/a> bel\u00fcl Buga egy nagyon r\u00e9gi, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg alt\u00e1ji-paleoszib\u00e9riai r\u00e9teg; egyes kutat\u00f3k (Anisimov) benne l\u00e1tj\u00e1k ennek legeredetibb form\u00e1j\u00e1t. Az evenki n\u00e9p tunguz-mandzsu nyelvet besz\u00e9l, \u00e9s ezzel nyelvileg a t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s-mongol Tengri-vil\u00e1g perem\u00e9n \u00e1ll &#8211; ez \u00e9rdekes hat\u00e1reset.<\/p><p>Buga vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rt\u00e9kes, mert Szergej Shirokogoroff az 1910-es \u00e9vekben rendk\u00edv\u00fcl r\u00e9szletes terepmunk\u00e1t v\u00e9gzett az Amur menti evenki k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek k\u00f6r\u00e9ben; m\u0171ve a s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmuskutat\u00e1s m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldk\u00f6ve, \u00e9s a szib\u00e9riai \u0151shonos n\u00e9pek vall\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 egyik legjobb anyagkorpuszt ny\u00fajtja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>buga<\/em> sz\u00f3 tunguz, etimol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja nem tiszt\u00e1zhat\u00f3 egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en. Rokon alakok tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k a mandzsuban (<em>bo\u03b3o<\/em>, \u201evil\u00e1g&#8221;) \u00e9s az even egyes dialektusaiban.<\/p><p>A vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg d\u00f6nt\u0151 megfigyel\u00e9s a sz\u00f3 \u00e9s a dolog azonoss\u00e1ga: Buga nem olyan l\u00e9ny, aki az \u00e9gben lakik, hanem Buga <em>maga<\/em> az \u00e9g \u00e9s egyszerre a vil\u00e1g is.<\/p><p>Ez a szemantikai s\u0171r\u00edt\u00e9s vall\u00e1sfiloz\u00f3fiailag k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rdekes, mert a numin\u00f3zus \u00e9s a konkr\u00e9t sz\u00e9tv\u00e1l\u00e1sa el\u0151tti fokot k\u00e9pvisel &#8211; el\u0151zm\u00e9nye annak, amit k\u00e9s\u0151bb \u201ef\u0151istenk\u00e9nt&#8221; fogalmaznak meg. Shirokogoroff e kapcs\u00e1n a \u201epszichoment\u00e1lis \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1s&#8221; eg\u00e9sz elm\u00e9let\u00e9t dolgozta ki.<\/p><p>A mandzsu hagyom\u00e1nyban, amely nyelvrokon az evenkivel, a <em>bo\u03b3o<\/em> k\u00e9s\u0151bb a \u201evil\u00e1g&#8221; szakosodott jel\u00f6l\u0151jek\u00e9nt t\u0171nik fel, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy meg\u0151rizn\u00e9 a f\u0151isteni konnot\u00e1ci\u00f3t. Ez a specializ\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s a mandzsu n\u00e9p Qing-dinasztia kori buddhiz\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1val f\u00fcgg \u00f6ssze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mik\u00e9nt <a href=\"\/hu\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>, Buga sem rendelkezik \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9pi form\u00e1val. Az evenki s\u00e1m\u00e1ndobokon azonban l\u00e1that\u00f3 a h\u00e1rom vil\u00e1gszint (fels\u0151, k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151, als\u00f3) \u00e9s egy vil\u00e1gfa, amely \u00e1thatol rajtuk; a fels\u0151 szinten Buga n\u00e9ha sugaras k\u00f6rrel \u00f6vezett szimbolikus napk\u00e9nt jelenik meg.<\/p><p>A Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1ri Orosz Etnogr\u00e1fiai M\u00fazeum \u00e9s az Antropol\u00f3giai \u00e9s N\u00e9prajzi M\u00fazeum (MAE) gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyeiben \u0151rz\u00f6tt evenki s\u00e1m\u00e1nk\u00f6nt\u00f6s\u00f6k igen gazdag vas\u00e9kszerd\u00edsz\u00edt\u00e9st mutatnak, amelyek vall\u00e1si jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t Shirokogoroff alapm\u00fcv\u00e9ben dokument\u00e1lta. Buga maga nem jelenik meg k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a k\u00f6nt\u00f6s\u00f6k\u00f6n, de a legfels\u0151 napkorong-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvum<\/span> k\u00e9pviseli.<\/p><p>Az evenki vil\u00e1gfa-k\u00e9pzet tipol\u00f3giailag \u00f6sszevethet\u0151 a v\u00e9dikus <em>a\u015bvattha<\/em>-elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9ssel \u00e9s a germ\u00e1n Yggdrasillel; Eliade ezt az univerz\u00e1lis \u201eAxis Mundi&#8221;-\u00e9lm\u00e9ny bizony\u00edt\u00e9kak\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitol\u00f3giai elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anisimov (1958) dokument\u00e1lt egy evenk\u00ed teremt\u00e9selbesz\u00e9l\u00e9st, amelyben Buga megk\u00e9r egy kacs\u00e1t, hogy hozzon iszapot az \u0151steng\u00e9rb\u0151l, hogy abb\u00f3l megalkossa a f\u00f6ldet, ez egy klasszikus szib\u00e9riai b\u00fav\u00e1r-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvum<\/span>, amelyet <a href=\"\/hu\/ulgen\/\">\u00dclgenn\u00e9l<\/a> is megtal\u00e1lunk.<\/p><p>Az evenki v\u00e1ltozatokban vet\u00e9lyt\u00e1rsk\u00e9nt vagy fiv\u00e9rk\u00e9nt gyakran egy \u00e1rt\u00f3 istens\u00e9g (<em>Khargi<\/em>) jelenik meg, amely <a href=\"\/hu\/erlik-khan\/\">Erlik k\u00e1n<\/a> szerepk\u00f6r\u00e9be illeszkedik.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sodik elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s arr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l, hogyan k\u00fcldi el Buga az els\u0151 s\u00e1m\u00e1nokat: \u201ekett\u00e9has\u00edt&#8221; egy embert, \u00e9s az egyik fel\u00e9be helyezi a k\u00e9pess\u00e9get, hogy a m\u00e1svil\u00e1got l\u00e1ssa. Ez a has\u00edt\u00e1selbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s vall\u00e1santropol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l kulcs-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenek, eredet\u00fck \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyozott elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span> az evenki s\u00e1m\u00e1nok beavat\u00e1si gyakorlat\u00e1hoz.<\/p><p>Egy harmadik elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s le\u00edrja, hogyan \u00e1ll\u00edtja fel Buga a vil\u00e1gf\u00e1t: egy hatalmas v\u00f6r\u00f6sfeny\u0151t\u00f6rzs, amelynek gy\u00f6kerei a Khargi szellemek alvil\u00e1g\u00e1ba ny\u00falnak, koron\u00e1ja pedig a napkereket hordozza. Ezen a f\u00e1n lovagol a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si specialista, akinek az emberek \u00e9s a szellemvil\u00e1g k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u00e9st tulajdon\u00edtj\u00e1k.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1n<\/span> a fels\u0151 vil\u00e1gba, gyakran egy l\u00f3-dob szimb\u00f3lum seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s tisztelet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az evenki n\u00e9p nem ismer templomi kultuszt, hanem folyamatos megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1si gyakorlatot: vad\u00e1szat el\u0151tt, hossz\u00fa \u00fat el\u0151tt, t\u00e1bort\u0171zn\u00e9l Bug\u00e1t n\u00e9vvel sz\u00f3l\u00edtj\u00e1k; ilyenkor egy kev\u00e9s doh\u00e1nyt vagy zs\u00edrt dobnak a t\u0171zbe. A s\u00e1m\u00e1nok \u00e9nekeikben fenntartj\u00e1k a kapcsolatot Buga \u00e9s a h\u00e1rom vil\u00e1gszint k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, amit Eliade a klasszikus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si rendszer, amelyben szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e9rintkeznek a szellemvil\u00e1ggal.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmus<\/span> modellp\u00e9ld\u00e1jak\u00e9nt \u00edrt le.<\/p><p>Az evenki s\u00e1m\u00e1ntud\u00e1st hagyom\u00e1nyosan sz\u00f3ban adt\u00e1k tov\u00e1bb, sokszor any\u00e1r\u00f3l le\u00e1nyra vagy ap\u00e1r\u00f3l fi\u00fara. Az 1930-as \u00e9vek szovjet represszi\u00f3sa er\u0151sen megszak\u00edtotta ezeket a l\u00e1ncokat; G. M. Vasilevich az <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969) k\u00f6tetben m\u00e9g n\u00e9h\u00e1ny utols\u00f3 gyakorl\u00f3t tudott dokument\u00e1lni.<\/p><p>A mai gyakorlatban a Buga-komplexum renesz\u00e1nsz\u00e1t \u00e9li az Evenkija Auton\u00f3m K\u00f6rzetben \u00e9s a Szaha K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g egyes telep\u00fcl\u00e9sein. Fiatal gyakorl\u00f3k Shirokogoroff feljegyz\u00e9seihez ny\u00falnak vissza &#8211; figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 eset, amelyben a nyugati akad\u00e9miai etnogr\u00e1fia egy \u0151shonos vall\u00e1s \u00fajrateremt\u00e9s\u00e9nek forr\u00e1s\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat \u00e9s apotropaikus elemek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tudom\u00e1nyosan le\u00edrva: az apotropaikus gyakorlatok els\u0151sorban a <em>Khargi<\/em>-\u00e1rt\u00f3szellemekre vonatkoztak (sokszor \u201eBuga-tunguz&#8221;-k\u00e1rnak nevezett jelens\u00e9gre, mivel Buga \u00e1rnyoldal\u00e1nak tekintik ezeket): bizonyos f\u00fcvek \u00e9s rovarok el\u00e9get\u00e9se a t\u00e1bort\u0171zn\u00e9l, kis csont\u00e9kszerek viselete, faragott \u201e\u0151rz\u0151figur\u00e1k&#8221; (<em>seven<\/em>) fel\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00fatkeresztez\u0151d\u00e9sekn\u00e9l.<\/p><p>A <em>seven<\/em>-figur\u00e1k az evenki anyagi kult\u00fara egyik legjellemz\u0151bb elemei. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban kis faragott fab\u00e1buk berakott szemekkel, amelyeket c\u00f6l\u00f6p\u00f6kh\u00f6z, f\u00e1khoz vagy k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00f6k mell\u00e9 er\u0151s\u00edtenek. Kisebb seg\u00edt\u0151szellemek \u201elak\u00f3hely\u00e9nek&#8221; sz\u00e1m\u00edtottak, amelyek a s\u00e1m\u00e1n megb\u00edz\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l cselekedtek.<\/p><p>K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges szok\u00e1s a <em>chura<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span>: miel\u0151tt valaki ismeretlen helyre l\u00e9p, egy mar\u00e9k doh\u00e1nyt vagy kis \u00e9rm\u00e9t dob a h\u00f3ba vagy a f\u00f6ldre, a \u201eBuga, t\u00e9gy engem kicsiv\u00e9&#8221; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy hatalom k\u00e9r\u0151 vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1ssal<\/span>. Ez az univerzummal szembeni udvariass\u00e1gi forma klasszikus animista s\u00e9ma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Buga-k\u00e9pzet rokon a szamoj\u00e9dok \u0151sszib\u00e9riai <em>Num<\/em>-fogalm\u00e1val, \u00e9s tipol\u00f3giailag \u00f6sszevethet\u0151 a k\u00ednai <em>Tian<\/em>-nal &#8211; mindk\u00e9t esetben az \u00e9g \u00e9s a f\u0151istens\u00e9g egyetlen fogalomm\u00e1 olvad \u00f6ssze. Funkcion\u00e1lis p\u00e1rhuzamok mutathat\u00f3k ki a polin\u00e9ziai <em>Mana<\/em>\/<em>Atua<\/em> fogalmakkal is, genetikai kapcsolat n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/p><p>Az evenki saj\u00e1toss\u00e1g az \u201euniverzum&#8221; \u00e9s a \u201ef\u0151isten&#8221; \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1sa egyetlen sz\u00f3ban, ami m\u00e9g a polisz\u00e9mikus Tengri-sz\u00f3kincsen is t\u00falmegy. Vall\u00e1sfiloz\u00f3fiailag Buga \u00edgy a numin\u00f3zus \u00e9s a konkr\u00e9t \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1s\u00e1nak sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges esete.<\/p><p>A d\u00e9l-szib\u00e9riai \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1sban Buga legink\u00e1bb <a href=\"\/hu\/tengri\/\">Tengrivel<\/a> vethet\u0151 \u00f6ssze, kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 <a href=\"\/hu\/ulgen\/\">\u00dclgennel<\/a>, aki m\u00e1r szem\u00e9lyesebb alakot \u00f6lt\u00f6tt. Ez a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g r\u00e9tegtani hipot\u00e9zist tesz lehet\u0151v\u00e9: Buga tal\u00e1n egy r\u00e9gebbi r\u00e9teget k\u00e9pvisel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mai recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Klasszikus m\u00fcvek: Szergej Shirokogoroff: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935); A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958); Mircea Eliade a tunguz s\u00e1m\u00e1nt a \u201eklasszikus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si rendszer, amelyben szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e9rintkeznek a szellemvil\u00e1ggal.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmus<\/span>&#8222;-modellj\u00e9nek protot\u00edpus\u00e1v\u00e1 tette. Roberte Hamayon \u00e9s Andrei Znamenski k\u00e9s\u0151bb kritikusan fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k ezt a modellt, \u00e9s az evenki helyi kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1k er\u0151teljesebb figyelembev\u00e9tel\u00e9t szorgalmazt\u00e1k.<\/p><p>G. M. Vasilevich szovjet kutat\u00f3 az <em>Ewenki<\/em> (Leningr\u00e1d 1969) k\u00f6tetben adta k\u00f6zre az evenki vall\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 legterjedelmesebb szovjet monogr\u00e1fi\u00e1t. Ideol\u00f3giai t\u00f6ltet\u00e9nek ellen\u00e9re n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlen anyagkorpusz maradt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1si vit\u00e1k \u00e9s nyitott k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u00e1rom kutat\u00e1si k\u00e9rd\u00e9s hat\u00e1rozza meg a Buga-vit\u00e1t. El\u0151sz\u00f6r: Buga egy tengrianizmus el\u0151tti r\u00e9teget k\u00e9pvisel-e, amelyben az \u201euniverzum&#8221; \u00e9s a \u201ef\u0151isten&#8221; m\u00e9g nem v\u00e1lt sz\u00e9t? Anisimov \u00e9s Shirokogoroff ezt az olvasatot p\u00e1rtolj\u00e1k; \u00fajabb kutat\u00f3k (Hamayon) ink\u00e1bb modellrelativista \u00e1ll\u00e1spontot foglalnak el.<\/p><p>M\u00e1sodszor: hogyan viszonyul az evenki gyakorlat a d\u00e9n\u00e9-jenyiszeji nyelvcsal\u00e1d-hipot\u00e9zishez, amely egyes evenki rokons\u00e1gokat az \u00e9szak-amerikai athabaszk\u00e1n n\u00e9pekkel postul\u00e1l? Ha ez a hipot\u00e9zis helyt\u00e1ll\u00f3, a Buga-vall\u00e1snak cirkumpol\u00e1ris el\u00e1gaz\u00e1sokat kellene mutatnia.<\/p><p>Harmadszor: milyen j\u00f6v\u0151 v\u00e1r a mai Buga-renesz\u00e1nszra az Evenkija-r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban, tekintettel a massz\u00edv b\u00e1ny\u00e1szati \u00e9s olajkitermel\u00e9si nyom\u00e1sra? E ponton a vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dik az \u00f6kol\u00f3giai \u00e9s politikai aktualit\u00e1ssal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u00e9s Shirokogoroff \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151 szerepe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6n figyelmet \u00e9rdemel Szergej Shirokogoroff szerepe a Buga-kutat\u00e1sban. Shirokogoroff (1887-1939) orosz etnogr\u00e1fus volt, aki az okt\u00f3beri forradalom ut\u00e1n emigr\u00e1lt, \u00e9s 1922-t\u0151l K\u00edn\u00e1ban tan\u00edtott.<\/p><p>F\u0151 m\u00fcve, a <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (Sanghaj 1935) az egyik els\u0151 k\u00f6nyv, amely szisztematikusan rekonstru\u00e1l egy nem nyugati vall\u00e1si rendszert a gyakorl\u00f3k bels\u0151 n\u00e9z\u0151pontj\u00e1b\u00f3l.<\/p><p>Shirokogoroff alkotta meg a \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si rendszer, amelyben szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e9rintkeznek a szellemvil\u00e1ggal.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmus<\/span>&#8221; fogalm\u00e1t tudom\u00e1nyos terminusk\u00e9nt, a tunguz <em>\u0161aman<\/em> sz\u00f3b\u00f3l kiindulva. Ez a fogalomalkot\u00e1snak tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l komoly k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei lettek: egy helyi tunguz fogalomb\u00f3l egyetemes kateg\u00f3ria v\u00e1lt. Andrei Znamenski a <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007) m\u00fcv\u00e9ben kritikusan nyomon k\u00f6vette ezt az univerzaliz\u00e1l\u00e1st.<\/p><p>A mai Buga-kutat\u00e1s ambivalens viszonyban \u00e1ll Shirokogoroffal: anyaga egyr\u00e9szt n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlen, m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt a \u201epszichoment\u00e1lis \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1s&#8221; fogalm\u00e1ban egy esszencialista felt\u00e9telez\u00e9s rejlik, amelyet a kort\u00e1rs vall\u00e1setnol\u00f3gia kritikusan vizsg\u00e1l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s a kultuszk\u00f6zponthoz<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aki a Buga-komplexumot a maga teljess\u00e9g\u00e9ben k\u00edv\u00e1nja tanulm\u00e1nyozni, a <a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\">Szib\u00e9riai-tengri hagyom\u00e1ny<\/a> \u00e1ttekint\u0151 oldal\u00e1n tal\u00e1lja meg a legfontosabb kereszthivatkoz\u00e1sokat a rokon alakokhoz, mint <a href=\"\/hu\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a> (t\u00f6r\u00f6k p\u00e1rhuzam) \u00e9s a jakut <em>aiyy<\/em>-f\u00e9nyl\u00e9nyek.<\/p><p>Szergej Shirokogoroff <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935) m\u00fcve a legfontosabb els\u0151dleges forr\u00e1s. A. F. Anisimov <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (Moszkva 1958) a legfontosabb szovjet szint\u00e9zis. G. M. Vasilevich <em>Ewenki<\/em> (Leningr\u00e1d 1969) kieg\u00e9sz\u00edti a k\u00e9pet b\u0151s\u00e9ges anyaggal.<\/p><p>A cirkumpol\u00e1ris elhelyez\u00e9shez Roberte Hamayon <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990) \u00e9s Andrei Znamenski <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (Oxford 2007) m\u00fcv\u00e9re utalunk. Ez a k\u00e9t m\u0171 a klasszikus Eliade-modell legfontosabb korrekci\u00f3j\u00e1t ny\u00fajtja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u00e9s a s\u00e1m\u00e1navat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges tanulm\u00e1nyt \u00e9rdemel Buga szerepe az evenki s\u00e1m\u00e1n<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lis \u00e1tmenet, amelynek sor\u00e1n valakit \u00faj st\u00e1tuszba vagy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gbe fogadnak.\" tabindex=\"0\">avat\u00e1sban<\/span>. Shirokogoroff a <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben t\u00f6bb avat\u00e1st r\u00e9szletesen le\u00edrt: a leend\u0151 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si specialista, akinek az emberek \u00e9s a szellemvil\u00e1g k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u00e9st tulajdon\u00edtj\u00e1k.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1n<\/span> s\u00falyos \u201es\u00e1m\u00e1nbetegs\u00e9g&#8221; f\u00e1zis\u00e1n megy kereszt\u00fcl, amelyet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lis \u00e1tmenet, amelynek sor\u00e1n valakit \u00faj st\u00e1tuszba vagy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gbe fogadnak.\" tabindex=\"0\">avat\u00e1sk\u00e9nt<\/span> \u00e9rtelmeznek, ez az a klasszikus modell, amelyet Eliade \u201eavat\u00e1si hal\u00e1l \u00e9s felt\u00e1mad\u00e1s&#8221; n\u00e9vvel \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos\u00edtott.<\/p><p>Buga ebben az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lis \u00e1tmenet, amelynek sor\u00e1n valakit \u00faj st\u00e1tuszba vagy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gbe fogadnak.\" tabindex=\"0\">avat\u00e1sban<\/span> fels\u0151 megb\u00edz\u00f3k\u00e9nt \u00e1ll: \u0151 k\u00fcldi az avat\u00e1si betegs\u00e9get, \u0151 \u201ehas\u00edtja kett\u00e9&#8221; az avatottat, \u0151 tan\u00edtja meg a h\u00e1rom vil\u00e1gszinten \u00e1t val\u00f3 utaz\u00e1sra. Ez a funkci\u00f3 vall\u00e1santropol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l az a modell, amelyre a cirkumpol\u00e1ris avat\u00e1skutat\u00e1s fel\u00e9p\u00fclt.<\/p><p>Roberte Hamayon ezt a modellt a <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben kritikusan fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lta: az evenki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lis \u00e1tmenet, amelynek sor\u00e1n valakit \u00faj st\u00e1tuszba vagy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gbe fogadnak.\" tabindex=\"0\">avat\u00e1st<\/span> kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 \u201emisztikus \u00e9lm\u00e9nyk\u00e9nt&#8221;, ink\u00e1bb szocio\u00f6kon\u00f3miai t\u00e1rgyal\u00e1si gyakorlatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezi. Mindk\u00e9t olvasat jogos, \u00e9s kieg\u00e9sz\u00edti egym\u00e1st.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f3dszertani reflexi\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Buga-kutat\u00e1sban t\u00f6bb m\u00f3dszertani probl\u00e9ma mer\u00fcl fel. El\u0151sz\u00f6r: Shirokogoroff \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151 munk\u00e1ja m\u00f3dszertanilag leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151, de emigr\u00e1ns st\u00e1tusa \u00e9s elm\u00e9leti el\u0151feltev\u00e9sei is r\u00e1nyomj\u00e1k b\u00e9lyeg\u00e9t. Andrei Znamenski ezeket az el\u0151feltev\u00e9seket kritikusan nyomon k\u00f6vette.<\/p><p>M\u00e1sodszor: az 1930-as \u00e9vek szovjet represszi\u00f3sa er\u0151sen megk\u00e1ros\u00edtotta az evenki s\u00e1m\u00e1nhagyom\u00e1nyt; amit ma megfigyelhet\u00fcnk, az etnogr\u00e1fiai sz\u00f6vegek alapj\u00e1n rekonstru\u00e1lt \u00fajraalkot\u00e1s. Ezt a rekonstrukci\u00f3t vall\u00e1sszociol\u00f3giailag \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3an kell vizsg\u00e1lni.<\/p><p>Harmadszor: az evenki nyelv ma vesz\u00e9lyeztetett; vele egy\u00fctt sz\u0171nik meg a Buga-sz\u00f3kincshez \u00e9s a k\u00e9pzetrendszerhez val\u00f3 k\u00f6zvetlen hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s is. A nyelv- \u00e9s vall\u00e1s\u0151rz\u00e9s politik\u00e1ja itt testv\u00e9rprobl\u00e9m\u00e1kk\u00e1 v\u00e1lnak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u00e9s az evenki nyelvmeg\u0151rz\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az evenki nyelv az UNESCO besorol\u00e1sa szerint \u201evesz\u00e9lyeztetett&#8221;; ma m\u00e1r csak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny ezer akt\u00edv besz\u00e9l\u0151je van, f\u0151k\u00e9nt az Orosz F\u00f6der\u00e1ci\u00f3ban \u00e9s \u00c9szak-K\u00edn\u00e1ban. A nyelvvel egy\u00fctt sz\u0171nik meg a Buga-sz\u00f3kincshez \u00e9s az evenki vall\u00e1s finom megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9seihez val\u00f3 k\u00f6zvetlen hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s is.<\/p><p>T\u00f6bb kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s pr\u00f3b\u00e1lja megakad\u00e1lyozni ezt a vesztes\u00e9get. Az Orosz Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia Nyelvtudom\u00e1nyi Int\u00e9zete \u00e9s az ulan-udei egyetem dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3s programokat m\u0171k\u00f6dtet; a K\u00ednai N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1gban hasonl\u00f3 k\u00eds\u00e9rlet folyik a mandzsu-tunguz nyelvcsal\u00e1d meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l ez az\u00e9rt relev\u00e1ns, mert a vall\u00e1s \u00e9s a nyelv szorosan \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dnak. Az evenki <em>buga<\/em> sz\u00f3 elveszt\u00e9se egyben egy saj\u00e1tos vall\u00e1si fogalom elveszt\u00e9s\u00e9t is jelenten\u00e9. A nyelv- \u00e9s vall\u00e1s\u0151rz\u00e9s itt testv\u00e9rprojektekk\u00e9 v\u00e1lik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u00e9s a cirkumpol\u00e1ris f\u0151isten-hagyom\u00e1ny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cirkumpol\u00e1ris \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 perspekt\u00edv\u00e1b\u00f3l Buga egy sz\u00e9les \u201euniverzum-f\u0151istens\u00e9g&#8221;-csal\u00e1d tagjak\u00e9nt mutatkozik meg, amely Skandin\u00e1vi\u00e1t\u00f3l (sz\u00e1mi Radien) Szib\u00e9ri\u00e1n \u00e1t (szamoj\u00e9d Num, evenki Buga) \u00c9szak-Amerik\u00e1ig (algonkin Manitou, inuit Sila) terjed. Minden esetben az \u00e9g, az univerzum \u00e9s a f\u0151istens\u00e9g egyetlen fogalomm\u00e1 olvad \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p>Ez a cirkumpol\u00e1ris el\u00e1gaz\u00e1s intenz\u00edv kutat\u00e1s t\u00e1rgya. Juha Pentik\u00e4inen a <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998) m\u00fcv\u00e9ben rendszeres \u00e1ttekint\u00e9st adott; Mih\u00e1ly Hopp\u00e1l a <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (2007) k\u00f6tetben a magyar \u00e9s szib\u00e9riai \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1st b\u0151v\u00edtette.<\/p><p>Hogy genetikai rokons\u00e1gr\u00f3l van-e sz\u00f3 (paleoszib\u00e9riai szubsztr\u00e1tumok, amelyek minden ir\u00e1nyba kisug\u00e1roztak) vagy tipol\u00f3giai konvergenci\u00e1r\u00f3l (azonos funkci\u00f3k azonos \u00f6kol\u00f3giai k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt), tov\u00e1bbra is vitatott. Buga a legjobban dokument\u00e1lt p\u00e9ld\u00e1k egyike.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u00e9s az evenki tundra-gazdas\u00e1g<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az evenki vall\u00e1s szorosan \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dik a r\u00e9nszarvasos tundragazdas\u00e1ggal. Buga egyszerre f\u0151isten \u00e9s a r\u00e9nszarvasok \u201etulajdonosa&#8221;: enged\u00e9lye n\u00e9lk\u00fcl egyetlen r\u00e9nszarvas sem ejthet\u0151 el. Buga ritu\u00e1lis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy hatalom k\u00e9r\u0151 vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/span> vad\u00e1szat el\u0151tt ez\u00e9rt nem csup\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy ember meg\u00e9lt vall\u00e1si magatart\u00e1sa \u00e9s gyakorlata.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g<\/span>, hanem gazdas\u00e1gi gyakorlat is.<\/p><p>A. F. Anisimov az <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958) m\u00fcv\u00e9ben ezt az \u00f6sszefon\u00f3d\u00e1st r\u00e9szletesen le\u00edrta. Ez illeszkedik abba a t\u00e1gabb vall\u00e1santropol\u00f3giai hagyom\u00e1nyba, amely a vall\u00e1st \u00e9s a gazdas\u00e1got nem k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 szf\u00e9r\u00e1kk\u00e9nt, hanem integr\u00e1lt \u00e9letfolyamatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezi.<\/p><p>A mai Orosz F\u00f6der\u00e1ci\u00f3ban az evenki tundragazdas\u00e1got a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szat, az olajkitermel\u00e9s \u00e9s az \u00e9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s massz\u00edvan vesz\u00e9lyezteti. Ezzel egy\u00fctt a Buga-komplexum is fenyegetett &#8211; ez els\u0151rang\u00fa vall\u00e1s\u00f6kol\u00f3giai kutat\u00e1si ter\u00fclet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fe9c4aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2fe9c4aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2067a37d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2067a37d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga az \u00e9g, a vil\u00e1g \u00e9s a legf\u0151bb l\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00f6tt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2dfd4645 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2dfd4645\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ebe964b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ebe964b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>buga<\/em> sz\u00f3 a tunguz nyelvekhez tartozik, els\u0151sorban az evenkihez, \u00e9s nem r\u00f6gz\u00edthet\u0151 egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en egyetlen jelent\u00e9sre. Az etnogr\u00e1fiai feljegyz\u00e9sek a sz\u00f3t hol \u00e9gk\u00e9nt, hol vil\u00e1gk\u00e9nt vagy t\u00e1jk\u00e9nt, hol egy \u00e9ggel \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151 legf\u0151bb l\u00e9ny jel\u00f6l\u0151jek\u00e9nt adj\u00e1k vissza.<\/p><p>Ez a jelent\u00e9sb\u0151s\u00e9g nem ford\u00edt\u00e1si hiba, hanem olyan k\u00e9pzetre utal, amelyben az \u00e9l\u0151 vil\u00e1g, a t\u00e9r \u00e9s a benne hat\u00f3 legf\u0151bb hatalom nem volt \u00e9lesen elv\u00e1lasztva egym\u00e1st\u00f3l.<\/p><p>A <em>Buga<\/em> forr\u00e1sai sz\u00f3rv\u00e1nyosak, \u00e9s nagyr\u00e9szt a 19-20. sz\u00e1zadb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaznak. Orosz kutat\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1si tisztvisel\u0151k, majd szovjet etnogr\u00e1fusok &#8211; k\u00f6zt\u00fck Szergej Shirokogoroff, aki alapvet\u0151 munk\u00e1kat \u00edrt a tunguz n\u00e9pekr\u0151l \u00e9s a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si rendszer, amelyben szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e9rintkeznek a szellemvil\u00e1ggal.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmusr\u00f3l<\/span> &#8211; r\u00f6gz\u00edtett\u00e9k a vall\u00e1si k\u00e9pzetek t\u00f6red\u00e9keit.<\/p><p>Shirokogoroff maga is hangs\u00falyozta, hogy ezek a k\u00e9pzetek m\u00e1r az orosz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A die Lehre, als rechtgl\u00e4ubig anerkannte Ortodoxie megfelel\u0151je: Az ortodox kereszt\u00e9ny egyh\u00e1z tan- \u00e9s szertart\u00e1si rendszere.\" tabindex=\"0\">ortodoxi\u00e1val<\/span> \u00e9s a szomsz\u00e9dos vall\u00e1sokkal val\u00f3 \u00e9rintkez\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9n \u00e1talakultak. Tiszta, \u00e9rintetlen tunguz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> nem prepar\u00e1lhat\u00f3 ki a forr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l.<\/p><p>Ehhez j\u00e1rul, hogy az evenki n\u00e9p a K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Szib\u00e9ri\u00e1t\u00f3l a Csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1nig terjed\u0151 hatalmas ter\u00fcleten \u00e9lt sz\u00e9tsz\u00f3rva, kis, mozg\u00f3 csoportokban szervez\u0151dve. A helyi k\u00e9pzetvari\u00e1nsok ennek megfelel\u0151en nagyok voltak, \u00e9s nem l\u00e9tezett olyan int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny, amely egys\u00e9ges tan\u00edt\u00e1st r\u00f6gz\u00edtett volna.<\/p><p>Hogy mit \u00e9rtettek <em>Buga<\/em> alatt, csoportonk\u00e9nt elt\u00e9rhetett. A komoly le\u00edr\u00e1sok ez\u00e9rt <em>Bug\u00e1t<\/em> olyan nehezen megragadhat\u00f3 fogalomk\u00e9nt jellemzik, amely a kontextust\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en ink\u00e1bb az \u00e9l\u0151 vil\u00e1gteret vagy ink\u00e1bb egy legf\u0151bb l\u00e9nyt jel\u00f6lhet, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy a k\u00e9t aspektus tiszt\u00e1n sz\u00e9tv\u00e1laszthat\u00f3 lenne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Sergei Shirokogoroff: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935)<\/li><li>A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>Le chamanisme<\/em> (1951)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>G. M. Vasilevich: <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az evenki tunguzok k\u00f6r\u00e9ben Buga az univerzum legf\u0151bb urak\u00e9nt \u00e9l, aki az eget, a f\u00f6ldet \u00e9s az alvil\u00e1got \u00e1tfogja, \u00e9s a s\u00e1m\u00e1n\u00e9nekekben l\u00e1thatatlan, minden\u00fctt jelenval\u00f3 h\u00e1tt\u00e9rk\u00e9nt sz\u00f3l\u00edtj\u00e1k meg minden \u00e9l\u0151 l\u00e9ny f\u00f6l\u00f6tt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Buga evenki tunguz Shirokogoroff Khargi seven vil\u00e1gfa.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-buga-tungus\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s v\u00e9d\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, a <a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\">szib\u00e9riai \/ tengri hagyom\u00e1ny<\/a> \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s kult\u00fara szellem\u00e9ben. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sek, nem spiritu\u00e1lis gyakorlatra vonatkoz\u00f3 aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sok.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buga, az evenki tunguzok f\u0151istene \u00e9s az univerzum ura Buga az evenki \u00e9s m\u00e1s tunguz n\u00e9pek vall\u00e1si rendszer\u00e9ben egyszerre f\u0151isten, \u00e9g, univerzum \u00e9s vil\u00e1g. \u0150 a kozmikus eg\u00e9sz, amelyben a s\u00e1m\u00e1nutaz\u00e1sok, a vad\u00e1szati rend \u00e9s az \u00e9letciklus mind helyet kapnak. Az evenki \u00e9s m\u00e1s tunguz n\u00e9pek m\u00edtosz\u00e1ban Buga az eget, az univerzumot \u00e9s a vil\u00e1got [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2862,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Buga f\u0151isten evenki tunguz","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Buga - Tunguz-evenki f\u0151isten, m\u00edtosz \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Buga az evenki tunguzok f\u0151istene, akit az \u00e9ggel \u00e9s az univerzummal azonos\u00edtanak. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos besorol\u00e1s m\u00edtosszal \u00e9s forr\u00e1sokkal.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"sibirisch-tengrismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53383","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Buga - Tunguz-evenki f\u0151isten, m\u00edtosz \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Buga az evenki tunguzok f\u0151istene, akit az \u00e9ggel \u00e9s az univerzummal azonos\u00edtanak. 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