{"id":53371,"date":"2026-07-30T16:44:27","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/mars-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T16:44:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:44:54","slug":"mars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53371\" class=\"elementor elementor-53371 elementor-2128\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars, a r\u00f3mai hagyom\u00e1ny istene<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a harci er\u0151 istene a r\u00f3mai hagyom\u00e1nyban. Romulus atyjak\u00e9nt a dinasztia \u00e9s maga a r\u00f3mai birodalom v\u00e9dn\u00f6k\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edt, ami k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges tiszteletet biztos\u00edtott sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l Mars a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g v\u00e9d\u0151istenek\u00e9nt kezd\u0151d\u0151, majd \u00e1llamistenn\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u00f3 fejl\u0151d\u00e9s szeml\u00e9letes p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja, amely a kultuszok politikai \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamat\u00e1t mutatja be.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Isten \/ Istenn\u0151: Egy kult\u00fara panteonj\u00e1nak megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett legf\u0151bb hatalma, j\u00f3l meghat\u00e1rozott hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r\u00f6kkel, term\u00e9szeti er\u0151k, sors, h\u00e1bor\u00fa, term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g. Kultuszok, \u00e1ldozatok \u00e9s templomi int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyek r\u00e9v\u00e9n tisztelik.\">Isten<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/rom\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"R\u00f3mai vall\u00e1s a kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g kor\u00e1t\u00f3l a k\u00e9s\u0151 antikvit\u00e1sig, g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00e9s etruszk r\u00e9tegekkel szinkretisztikusan \u00e1tsz\u0151ve.\">R\u00f3ma<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1646\" alt=\"Mars - G\u00f6tter aus der Rom-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_mars.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars nem csup\u00e1n az agresszi\u00f3t \u00e9s a puszt\u00edt\u00e1st testes\u00edti meg, hanem a h\u00e1bor\u00faban \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00fcl\u0151 rendet \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g v\u00e9delm\u00e9t is. Legfontosabb aspektusai a b\u00e1tors\u00e1g, a katonai strat\u00e9gia \u00e9s az er\u0151szak k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi szentes\u00edt\u00e9se.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtoszban<\/span> k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 szerepekben jelenik meg: Venus szerelmesek\u00e9nt, Romulus atyjak\u00e9nt, valamint a pestis \u00e9s a szerencs\u00e9tlens\u00e9g elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3jak\u00e9nt. A Lupercalia \u00e9s az Equirria olyan k\u00f6zponti \u00fcnnepnapok voltak, amelyeken lovakat \u00e9s fegyvereket <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny r\u00e9v\u00e9n a szentnek \u00e1tadott, \u00e9s ez\u00e1ltal a h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapib\u00f3l kiemelked\u0151.\" tabindex=\"0\">szenteltek<\/span> az istennek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gyors \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s: Mars<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az els\u0151dleges forr\u00e1sok igen sz\u00e1mosak: Ovidius, Vergilius, Horatius, az Acta Arvalium \u00e9s latin feliratok. A m\u00e1sodlagos irodalomban Karl Latte, Georg Wissowa \u00e9s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e9met vall\u00e1stud\u00f3s (1931-2015); f\u0151m\u0171ve: Griechische Religion (1977).\">Walter Burkert<\/span> vizsg\u00e1lta a hadisten eredet\u00e9t \u00e9s \u00e1llamistenn\u00e9 val\u00f3 \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamat\u00e1t. A Mars-kultusz elterjed\u00e9se a teljes r\u00f3mai birodalomra kiterjedt, \u00e9s \u00f6sszeolvadt gall, germ\u00e1n \u00e9s brit hadistenekkel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A sz\u00f6vegek korszaka<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars \u00edrott <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1nya<\/span> t\u00f6bb \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadra ny\u00falik vissza a m\u00faltba, m\u00f6g\u00f6tte feltehet\u0151leg m\u00e9g r\u00e9gebbi sz\u00f3beli trad\u00edci\u00f3kkal. A r\u00f3maiak ezt az alakot vagy fogalmat hossz\u00fa id\u0151szakokon \u00e1t meg\u0151rizt\u00e9k, \u00e9s nemzed\u00e9kr\u0151l nemzed\u00e9kre adt\u00e1k tov\u00e1bb, ami k\u00f6zponti vall\u00e1si \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u0151s\u00e9gre utal.<\/p><p>A Mars-kultusz R\u00f3m\u00e1ban eg\u00e9szen a korai id\u0151szakra ny\u00falik vissza, amelyben egyar\u00e1nt sz\u00f3l\u00edtott\u00e1k a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ld v\u00e9d\u0151jek\u00e9nt \u00e9s hadistenk\u00e9nt; \u00fcnnepe a r\u00f3la elnevezett m\u00e1rcius h\u00f3napra esett. Az antik vall\u00e1s megsz\u0171n\u00e9se ut\u00e1n az alak tov\u00e1bb \u00e9lt a csillag\u00e1szatban, a bolyg\u00f3 nevek\u00e9nt, az \u00fajkori k\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9szetben p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Mars \u00e9s Venus \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1saiban, valamint nyelvileg a \u201emartialis&#8221; mell\u00e9kn\u00e9vben.<\/p><h3>Mitol\u00f3giai besorol\u00e1s<\/h3><p>Mars a r\u00f3mai hadisten, de \u00f6sszetettebb a puszta harck\u00e9szs\u00e9gn\u00e9l. Mars a rend, a b\u00e1tors\u00e1g \u00e9s a f\u00e9rfiass\u00e1g istene is. A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Ar\u00e9sszel ellent\u00e9tben fegyelmezett \u00e9s strat\u00e9giai gondolkod\u00e1s\u00fa, kor\u00e1ntsem vad. R\u00f3ma atyja. Szerepe er\u0151szakot \u00e9s civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3t egyszerre foglal mag\u00e1ban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fclet<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars sem ter\u00fcletileg nem volt korl\u00e1tozott, sem meghat\u00e1rozott helysz\u00ednekhez nem k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00f6tt: a teljes r\u00f3mai vil\u00e1gban ismert \u00e9s tisztelt, illetve f\u00e9lt istens\u00e9g volt. Ak\u00e1r v\u00e1rosias k\u00f6zpontokban, ak\u00e1r perif\u00e9rikus vid\u00e9ki r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban, ak\u00e1r az elit, ak\u00e1r az egyszer\u0171 n\u00e9p k\u00f6r\u00e9ben, e l\u00e9ny szellemi \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan elismert\u00e9k.<\/p><p>Mars Iuppiter ut\u00e1n k\u00f6vetkezett rangban, \u00e9s a r\u00f3mai n\u00e9p \u0151satyj\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edtott, mivel az alap\u00edt\u00e1si mond\u00e1ban Romulus \u00e9s Remus atyjak\u00e9nt szerepel. Kultusza a hadsereg gy\u00fclekez\u0151- \u00e9s gyakorl\u00f3ter\u00e9\u00fcl szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 Marsmez\u0151t\u0151l a vid\u00e9ki hat\u00e1rj\u00e1r\u00f3 k\u00f6rmenetekig terjedt, \u00e9s a latin sz\u00f6vets\u00e9geken t\u00fal m\u00e1s it\u00e1liai n\u00e9pek is megid\u00e9zt\u00e9k, rokon nevek alatt, mint az oszkus Mamers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1shelyzet<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Els\u0151dleges forr\u00e1sok: Ovidius Metamorphosese \u00e9s Fastija, Vergilius Aeneise (8. k\u00f6nyv), Horatius \u00d3d\u00e1i, Cicero De Natura Deorum, Macrobius Saturnali\u00e1ja.<\/p><p>A dokumentumok a korai k\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g kor\u00e1t\u00f3l (Kr. e. 6. sz.) a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Az antikvit\u00e1s \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkor k\u00f6z\u00f6tti \u00e1tmeneti korszak, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl a 3-7. sz\u00e1zadig.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00e9s\u0151 antikvit\u00e1sig<\/span> ny\u00falnak. Kutat\u00f3k: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (R\u00f6mische Religionsgeschichte), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e9met vall\u00e1stud\u00f3s (1931-2015); f\u0151m\u0171ve: Griechische Religion (1977).\">Walter Burkert<\/span> (Griechische Religion), Hubert Cancik. Feliratok \u00e9s r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti leletek dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k a templom\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9st \u00e9s a ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kat R\u00f3m\u00e1ban, Campani\u00e1ban, Galli\u00e1ban \u00e9s a rajnai hat\u00e1rvid\u00e9ken.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elnevez\u00e9s \u00e9s v\u00e1ltozatok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marst a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 hagyom\u00e1nyokban \u00e9s forr\u00e1sokban meghat\u00e1rozott ikonogr\u00e1fiai elemek jellemzik, amelyek \u00e9vtizedeken \u00e9s helysz\u00edneken \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151en viszonylag k\u00f6vetkezetesek maradnak. E jegyek szimbolikusan k\u00f3doltak \u00e9s m\u00e9ly jelent\u00e9ssel b\u00edrnak; semmik\u00e9ppen sem puszt\u00e1n dekorat\u00edvak vagy v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171ek.<\/p><p>A r\u00f3mai m\u0171v\u00e9szetben Marst sisak, l\u00e1ndzsa \u00e9s pajzs teszi felismerhet\u0151v\u00e9, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban fegyveres harcosk\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k. Hozz\u00e1 t\u00e1rs\u00edtott \u00e1llatok a farkas \u00e9s a hark\u00e1ly, amelyek R\u00f3ma alap\u00edt\u00e1si mond\u00e1j\u00e1ban fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszanak, valamint a szent pajzsok, az ancili\u00e1k, amelyeket a saliusok paps\u00e1ga \u00fcnnep\u00e9lyes k\u00f6rmeneteken vitt. E attrib\u00fatumok a h\u00e1bor\u00fara \u00e9s a v\u00e9delemre vonatkoz\u00f3 hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r\u00e9t k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl olvashat\u00f3v\u00e1 tett\u00e9k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jellemz\u0151k<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars k\u00f6zponti szerepet t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt be a r\u00f3maiak vall\u00e1si gyakorlat\u00e1ban \u00e9s mindennapi tudat\u00e1ban. Az emberek meghat\u00e1rozott kritikus \u00e9lethelyzetekben vagy az \u00e9v bizonyos id\u0151szakaiban fordultak ehhez a l\u00e9nyhez, struktur\u00e1lt r\u00edtusok, im\u00e1k vagy \u00e1ldozatok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban. A gyakorlat pontosan hagyom\u00e1nyoz\u00f3dott, \u00e9s papok, illetve szak\u00e9rt\u0151k vezett\u00e9k, semmi sem volt benne \u00f6nk\u00e9nyes vagy alkalmi.<\/p><p>Mars tisztelete hadj\u00e1ratok el\u0151tt \u00e9s ut\u00e1n v\u00e9grehajtott r\u00edtusokban nyilv\u00e1nult meg: a kivonul\u00e1s el\u0151tt a hadvez\u00e9r meg\u00e9rintette a Regia-szent\u00e9lyben \u0151rz\u00f6tt szent l\u00e1ndzs\u00e1kat \u00e9s pajzsokat, a sert\u00e9sb\u0151l, b\u00e1r\u00e1nyb\u00f3l \u00e9s bik\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 suovetaurilia-\u00e1ldozat a f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a hadsereg megtiszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t szolg\u00e1lta, az okt\u00f3beri l\u00f3\u00e1ldozat pedig lez\u00e1rta a h\u00e1bor\u00fas \u00e9vszakot. Emellett az Ambarvalia \u00fcnnepe hat\u00e1rj\u00e1r\u00f3 k\u00f6rmeneteken kereszt\u00fcl biztos\u00edtotta a mez\u0151k v\u00e9delm\u00e9t.<\/p><h3>Megjelen\u00e9s \u00e9s szimbolika<\/h3><p>Marst teljes p\u00e1nc\u00e9lzatban \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k mint izmokkal teli harcost, gyakran sisakkal, pajzzsal \u00e9s l\u00e1ndzs\u00e1val. A piros sz\u00edn saj\u00e1tja. D\u00e1rda \u00e9s kard, sas \u00e9s farkas az \u0151 szimb\u00f3lumai. A m\u00e1rcius h\u00f3nap az \u0151 nev\u00e9t viseli. Az er\u0151 \u00e9s a harci becs\u00fclet hat\u00e1rozza meg alakj\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adatlap: Mars<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az al\u00e1bbi adatlap Mars hat aspektus\u00e1t ismerteti: t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis eredet\u00e9t, a tiszteleti gyakorlatot, az ikonogr\u00e1fiai \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1st, a v\u00e9delem \u00e9s az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy hatalom k\u00e9r\u0151 vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">invok\u00e1ci\u00f3<\/span> jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t, p\u00e1rhuzamokat m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kkal, valamint \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 \u00e1ttekint\u00e9st a szomsz\u00e9dos hagyom\u00e1nyok rokon istenfigur\u00e1ir\u00f3l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars eredete<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars a leg\u0151sibb r\u00f3mai istenek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik. Nyomai indoeur\u00f3pai hadistenekhez \u00e9s egy it\u00e1liai \u0151skori term\u00e9kenys\u00e9gi d\u00e9mon alakj\u00e1hoz vezetnek. Latiumban kezdetben a ny\u00e1jak \u00e9s a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldek v\u00e9d\u0151jek\u00e9nt tisztelt\u00e9k, \u00e1m a n\u00f6vekv\u0151 katonai ig\u00e9nyek hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra a h\u00e1bor\u00fa isten\u00e9v\u00e9 form\u00e1l\u00f3dott \u00e1t.<\/p><p>Az els\u0151 biztos megeml\u00edt\u00e9s a Fasti Praenestiniben Kr. e. a 4. sz\u00e1zadra dat\u00e1lhat\u00f3, de a kultuszok j\u00f3val r\u00e9gebbiek. A Mars-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomot<\/span> az Ares-t\u00e9ren R\u00f3m\u00e1ban Kr. e. 20-ban Augustus \u00fajra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny r\u00e9v\u00e9n a szentnek \u00e1tadott, \u00e9s ez\u00e1ltal a h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapib\u00f3l kiemelked\u0151.\" tabindex=\"0\">felszentelte<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars tisztel\u0151i<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marst harcosok, hadvez\u00e9rek, katon\u00e1k, parasztok \u00e9s polg\u00e1rok id\u00e9zt\u00e9k meg, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen hadj\u00e1ratok el\u0151tt \u00e9s h\u00e1bor\u00fas id\u0151kben. A saliusok r\u00f3mai paps\u00e1ga az Equirri\u00e1val (l\u00f3versenyekkel) \u00fcnnepelte \u0151t.<\/p><p>A Lupercalia-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos, egy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben rendszeresen ism\u00e9telt cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">szok\u00e1s<\/span> (febru\u00e1r) a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a csal\u00e1d megtiszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s term\u00e9kenys\u00e9gi \u00e1ld\u00e1s\u00e1t jelentette. Augustus politikai c\u00e9lokra is felhaszn\u00e1lta a Mars-kultuszokat: az isten mint Romulus atyja legitim\u00e1lta a dinaszti\u00e1t. A katonai strat\u00e9g\u00e1k csat\u00e1k el\u0151tt im\u00e1dkoztak hozz\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars megjelen\u00e9se<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marst szak\u00e1llas, teljesen felfegyverzett harcosk\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolt\u00e1k, sisakkal, pajzzsal \u00e9s l\u00e1ndzs\u00e1val. Ikonogr\u00e1fiailag r\u00f3mai katona p\u00e1nc\u00e9lzat\u00e1t viselte, gyakran dr\u00e1mai tekintettel.<\/p><p>Attrib\u00fatumai a l\u00f3, az Ares (l\u00e1ndzsa), a pajzsok (ancile), n\u00e9ha a k\u00edgy\u00f3 is (chtonikus aspektus). \u00c9rmeken \u00e1llva vagy lovon \u00fclve jelenik meg. Olt\u00e1rokon Venus t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g\u00e1ban l\u00e1that\u00f3, mivel a kettej\u00fck kapcsolata mitol\u00f3giai \u00e9s kozmikus harm\u00f3ni\u00e1t szimboliz\u00e1lt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars hat\u00e1sk\u00f6re<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r:<\/strong> Mars a h\u00e1bor\u00fa istene, ugyanakkor a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyzet \u00e9s a mezei term\u00e9nyek istene is. \u00dcnnepe, a Lupercalia \u00e9s a m\u00e1rciusi \u00fcnnep, term\u00e9kenys\u00e9gi \u00e9s tiszt\u00edt\u00e1si r\u00edtusokat jel\u00f6l.<\/p><p>R\u00f3m\u00e1ban Marst ink\u00e1bb a v\u00e1ros \u00e9s a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g v\u00e9d\u0151jek\u00e9nt tisztelt\u00e9k, olyan harcosk\u00e9nt, aki megv\u00e9di a n\u00e9pet \u00e9s term\u00e9kenny\u00e9 teszi a f\u00f6ldet. V\u00e9nusszal k\u00f6z\u00f6s gyermekei (Romulus \u00e9s Remus) az alap\u00edt\u00e1shoz \u00e9s az \u00e1llamhoz val\u00f3 k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t mutatj\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars mint elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3er\u0151<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy hatalom k\u00e9r\u0151 vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">invok\u00e1ci\u00f3ja<\/span> \u00e9s tiszteletteljes megbecs\u00fcl\u00e9se nem egyszer\u0171 v\u00e9delmi istenk\u00e9nt jellemezte, hanem erk\u00f6lcsi er\u0151k\u00e9nt. Fontos v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok el\u0151tt bik\u00e1kat, b\u00e1r\u00e1nyokat \u00e9s lovakat \u00e1ldoztak neki.<\/p><p>A bajelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3 r\u00edtusok c\u00e9lja Mars megb\u00e9k\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s agressz\u00edv erej\u00e9nek rendezett mederbe terel\u00e9se volt. A mag\u00e1nh\u00e1zakban kis Mars-szobrokat (sigilla) helyeztek el, hogy meg\u00f3vj\u00e1k a h\u00e1zat \u00e9s a csal\u00e1dot a k\u00e1rosod\u00e1st\u00f3l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars p\u00e1rhuzamai<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A g\u00f6r\u00f6g hagyom\u00e1nyban Ar\u00e9sz hasonl\u00f3, de kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 megbecs\u00fclt isten, rendezetlen \u00e9s v\u00e9rszomjas. Az etruszk Tinia-alakok p\u00e1rhuzamokat mutatnak a hadisten figur\u00e1j\u00e1val. A germ\u00e1n t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben Tiwaz\/Tyr \u00e9s Wodan t\u00f6ltenek be hasonl\u00f3 szerepeket. A mezopot\u00e1miai Nergal \u00e9s Erra a pestist \u00e9s a h\u00e1bor\u00fat testes\u00edtik meg. E istenek Marssal egy\u00fctt osztoznak az agr\u00e1rv\u00e9delemb\u0151l hadisteni szerepp\u00e9 val\u00f3 \u00e1talakul\u00e1s folyamat\u00e1ban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars p\u00e1rhuzamai m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Ar\u00e9sz funkci\u00f3it a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyzet- \u00e9s sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldisten szerep\u00e9vel \u00f6tv\u00f6zi, ez a szerepkomplexum nem rendelkezik k\u00f6zvetlen g\u00f6r\u00f6g megfelel\u0151vel. M\u00edg Ar\u00e9sz t\u00f6bbnyire tiszta h\u00e1bor\u00fas fanatikusk\u00e9nt jelenik meg, addig Marst a r\u00f3mai napt\u00e1rban m\u00e1r m\u00e1rciusban vet\u00e9si r\u00edtusokkal hozt\u00e1k \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Zsid\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1ny:<\/strong> A zsid\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/span> nincs k\u00f6zvetlen p\u00e1rhuzam Marsszal. A h\u00e1bor\u00fa mint isteni funkci\u00f3 gondolat\u00e1t m\u00e1sk\u00e9ppen t\u00e1rgyalj\u00e1k: JHVH a seregek Istene (Cebaoth), de nem specializ\u00e1lt hadisten. A hellenisztikus korszak kapcsolatot hozott, de nem olvad\u00e1st a Mars-kultuszokkal.<\/p><p><strong>G\u00f6r\u00f6g-r\u00f3mai vil\u00e1g:<\/strong> Ar\u00e9sz a g\u00f6r\u00f6g megfelel\u0151, de megvetett \u00e9s m\u00e1sodrend\u0171 Ath\u00e9n\u00e1val szemben, aki a strat\u00e9gi\u00e1t testes\u00edti meg. Mars ezzel szemben nagyra becs\u00fclt volt, ami R\u00f3ma elt\u00e9r\u0151 politikai szerep\u00e9t hangs\u00falyozza. A k\u00e9s\u0151 cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rkor alatt v\u00e9gbement \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1s (Ar\u00e9sz-Mars-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 vall\u00e1si hagyom\u00e1nyokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 k\u00e9pzetek vagy istens\u00e9gek \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">szinkretizmus<\/span>) k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s adapt\u00e1ci\u00f3t mutat.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mia:<\/strong> Nergal, a hadisten \u00e9s a holtak ura, Marsszal osztozik a puszt\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s a v\u00e9delem kett\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9n. Erra agressz\u00edv hadikat alakja, de kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 \u00e1gyaz\u00f3dik be az \u00e1llami strukt\u00far\u00e1kba. A mezopot\u00e1miai harcosok Nergal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00dcdv\u00f6ss\u00e9g \u00e9s v\u00e9delem kinyilv\u00e1n\u00edt\u00e1sa, gyakran r\u00f6gz\u00edtett nyelvi form\u00e1ban.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ld\u00e1s\u00e1t<\/span> k\u00e9rt\u00e9k, ahogyan a r\u00f3mai l\u00e9gi\u00f3sok a Mars\u00e9t.<\/p><p><strong>India\/\u00c1zsia:<\/strong> Skanda\/Murugan a hinduizmusban hadisten, de a kozmikus hierarchi\u00e1ban al\u00e1rendelt. A korai buddhizmusban nincs hadistens\u00e9g. K\u00edna ismerte Guan Yut, a becs\u00fclet \u00e9s az igazs\u00e1goss\u00e1g hadisten\u00e9t, akit k\u00e9s\u0151bb kanoniz\u00e1ltak, ez struktur\u00e1lis p\u00e1rhuzam Mars politiz\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd8eb093 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd8eb093\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f1bcac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9f1bcac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars mint \u0151sit\u00e1liai isten az Ar\u00e9sszel val\u00f3 azonos\u00edt\u00e1s el\u0151tt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22eefc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp22eefc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa573e59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa573e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A k\u00f6ztudatban Mars a g\u00f6r\u00f6g hadisten, Ar\u00e9sz r\u00f3mai megfelel\u0151jek\u00e9nt \u00e9l. Ez az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s irodalmi szempontb\u00f3l helyt\u00e1ll\u00f3, \u00e1m elfedi azt a t\u00e9nyt, hogy Mars eredetileg \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 \u0151sit\u00e1liai isten volt, j\u00f3val sz\u00e9lesebb hat\u00e1sk\u00f6rrel.<\/p><p>A legr\u00e9gebbi tan\u00fabizonys\u00e1gok, mindenekel\u0151tt az archaikus arvali \u00e9nek \u00e9s az id\u0151sebb Cato utal\u00e1sai, olyan istent mutatnak, aki a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldek, az \u00e1llatok \u00e9s a hat\u00e1rok v\u00e9delm\u00e9re \u00e9pp\u00fagy illet\u00e9kes volt, mint a h\u00e1bor\u00fara.<\/p><p>Cato a <em>De agri cultura<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban meg\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00edt egy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Az ember nyelvi fordulata egy istens\u00e9ghez.\" tabindex=\"0\">im\u00e1t<\/span>, amely el\u0151\u00edrja a parasztnak, hogy k\u00e9rje Marst birtoka, csal\u00e1dja \u00e9s j\u00f3sz\u00e1ga v\u00e9delm\u00e9re, \u00e9s ez\u00e9rt h\u00e1romszoros <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozatot<\/span> mutasson be, az \u00fagynevezett <em>suovetaurili\u00e1t<\/em> sert\u00e9sb\u0151l, b\u00e1r\u00e1nyb\u00f3l \u00e9s bik\u00e1b\u00f3l.<\/p><p>Ebben az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Az ember nyelvi fordulata egy istens\u00e9ghez.\" tabindex=\"0\">im\u00e1ban<\/span> Mars betegs\u00e9g, term\u00e9ketlens\u00e9g \u00e9s vihar ellen oltalmaz\u00f3 er\u0151k\u00e9nt jelenik meg. Ez a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi oldal a r\u00e9gi Mars-kultusz magv\u00e1hoz tartozik, \u00e9s kor\u00e1ntsem m\u00e1sodlagos von\u00e1s.<\/p><p>A kutat\u00e1s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151k\u00e9ppen magyar\u00e1zza ezt a sz\u00e9les hat\u00e1sk\u00f6rt. Az egyik \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint Mars eredetileg a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos v\u00e9d\u0151istene volt, amelynek elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3funkci\u00f3ja kifel\u00e9 hadvisel\u00e9sk\u00e9nt, befel\u00e9 a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldek \u00e9s a ny\u00e1jak v\u00e9delmek\u00e9t nyilv\u00e1nult meg.<\/p><p>Az it\u00e1liai Mars ily m\u00f3don kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 volt szorosan specializ\u00e1lt, mint a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Ar\u00e9sz, aki a g\u00f6r\u00f6g <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonban<\/span> ink\u00e1bb mell\u0151z\u00f6tt, tiszt\u00e1n harcias mell\u00e9kalak\u00e9nt maradt meg.<\/p><p>Csak a hellenisztikus \u00e9s cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rkori irodalmi azonos\u00edt\u00e1s szor\u00edtotta h\u00e1tt\u00e9rbe a r\u00e9gi funkci\u00f3kat. A r\u00f3mai Mars meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez ez\u00e9rt fontos, hogy a g\u00f6r\u00f6g h\u00e1tteret ne tekints\u00fck az eg\u00e9sznek, hanem az istent saj\u00e1t \u0151sit\u00e1liai kontextus\u00e1ban vizsg\u00e1ljuk, amelyben a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a mez\u0151v\u00e9delem ugyanazon elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3er\u0151 k\u00e9t oldala volt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbe049f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbe049f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2341e5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2341e5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars mint R\u00f3ma \u0151satyja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp384072b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp384072b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp928dcb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp928dcb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars a r\u00f3mai \u00f6ntudat szerint k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges geneal\u00f3giai st\u00e1tussal rendelkezik. Az ikerp\u00e1r, Romulus \u00e9s Remus atyjak\u00e9nt a r\u00f3mai n\u00e9p \u0151s\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edt.<\/p><p>Livius \u00e9s m\u00e1sok \u00e1ltal meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt alap\u00edt\u00e1si monda szerint Rhea Silvia vesztasz\u0171z Marst\u00f3l sz\u00fclte az ikreket. A gyermekeket kitett\u00e9k, egy farkas szoptatta, Mars egyik szent \u00e1llata, \u00e9s egy p\u00e1sztor nevelte fel. Romulus k\u00e9s\u0151bb megalap\u00edtotta a v\u00e1rost.<\/p><p>Ez a lesz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s Marst dinasztikus \u00e9s politikai istenn\u00e9 tette, nem csup\u00e1n term\u00e9szeti er\u0151v\u00e9. A <em>gens Iulia<\/em>, Caesar \u00e9s ez\u00e1ltal Augustus nemzets\u00e9ge, Aeneas r\u00e9v\u00e9n Venust\u00f3l vezette ugyan le \u00f6nmag\u00e1t, R\u00f3m\u00e1nak Marsszal val\u00f3 \u00f6sszek\u00f6ttet\u00e9se azonban az \u00e1llamideol\u00f3gia szil\u00e1rd r\u00e9sz\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt.<\/p><p>Augustus ezt a vonalat tov\u00e1bb er\u0151s\u00edtette azzal, hogy fel\u00e9p\u00edtette a <em>Mars Ultor<\/em>, a Bossz\u00fa\u00e1ll\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom\u00e1t<\/span>, \u00e9s \u00faj f\u00f3rum\u00e1nak k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1v\u00e1 tette. Az <em>Ultor<\/em> mell\u00e9kn\u00e9v Caesar meggyilkol\u00e1s\u00e1nak megbosszul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s a parthusok \u00e1ltal zs\u00e1km\u00e1nyolt hadijelv\u00e9nyek visszaszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez kapcsol\u00f3dott.<\/p><p>A Marsnak szentelt hark\u00e1ly, a <em>picus Martius<\/em>, \u00e9s a farkas azok k\u00f6z\u00e9 az \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoztak, amelyek r\u00e9v\u00e9n az isten az alap\u00edt\u00e1si mond\u00e1ban hatott. A m\u00e1rcius h\u00f3nap, latinul <em>Martius<\/em>, szint\u00e9n az \u0151 nev\u00e9t viseli, \u00e9s a r\u00e9gi r\u00f3mai napt\u00e1rban az \u00e9v \u00e9s a hadj\u00e1ratok \u00e9vszak\u00e1nak kezdet\u00e9t jel\u00f6lte.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span>, a napt\u00e1r \u00e9s a politikai t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem \u00f6sszefon\u00f3d\u00e1sa Marst olyan istenn\u00e9 teszi, amelynek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusza<\/span> szorosan \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3dott a v\u00e1ros identit\u00e1s\u00e1val. Sok m\u00e1s istens\u00e9ggel ellent\u00e9tben n\u00e1la a tiszteleten t\u00fal maga a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g eredetmond\u00e1ja is t\u00e9tben forgott.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb74b0a2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb74b0a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d5d03e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1d5d03e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A saliusok \u00e9s a szent pajzsok kultusza<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe517ad6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe517ad6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9594cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9594cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A r\u00f3mai Marsz-kultusz legszembet\u0171n\u0151bb int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoztak a Saliusok, egy tizenk\u00e9t tagb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 paps\u00e1g, amely kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag patr\u00edciusok el\u0151tt \u00e1llt nyitva. Nev\u00fcket a latin <em>salire<\/em> sz\u00f3ra vezetik vissza, amelynek jelent\u00e9se ugrani vagy t\u00e1ncolni, mivel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l\u00e9juk<\/span> l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben egy fegyveres t\u00e1ncb\u00f3l \u00e1llt a v\u00e1roson \u00e1t.<\/p><p>A Saliusok f\u0151k\u00e9nt m\u00e1rciusban, Marsz h\u00f3napj\u00e1ban vonultak v\u00e9gig R\u00f3m\u00e1n \u0151si viseletben: bronzsisakban, r\u00f6vid karddal, festett k\u00f6pennyel \u00e9s egy szent pajzzsal a karjukon.<\/p><p>Ezek a pajzsok, az <em>ancili\u00e1k<\/em>, a ritu\u00e1l\u00e9 k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban \u00e1lltak. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek \u00e1tad\u00e1sa nemzed\u00e9keken kereszt\u00fcl.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1ny<\/span> szerint egyik\u00fck az \u00e9gb\u0151l hullott al\u00e1, R\u00f3ma fennmarad\u00e1s\u00e1nak z\u00e1logak\u00e9nt. Hogy el ne lopj\u00e1k, a mondabeli Numa Pompilius kir\u00e1ly tizenegy azonos m\u00e1solatot k\u00e9sz\u00edttetett bel\u0151le.<\/p><p>A Saliusok \u0151rizt\u00e9k a tizenk\u00e9t pajzsot, \u00e9s k\u00f6rmeneteiken magukkal vitt\u00e9k azokat. A t\u00e1ncot az Arv\u00e1l-\u00e9nek rokons\u00e1g\u00e1ba tartoz\u00f3 <em>carmen Saliare<\/em> \u00e9nekl\u00e9se k\u00eds\u00e9rte, amely olyan \u0151si sz\u00f6veg volt, hogy a klasszikus kori r\u00f3maiak m\u00e1r alig \u00e9rtett\u00e9k.<\/p><p>A Saliusok jel\u00f6lt\u00e9k ki a hadj\u00e1rati id\u00e9ny kezdet\u00e9t \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9t. M\u00e1rciusi r\u00edtusaik megnyitott\u00e1k azt az id\u0151szakot, amelyben h\u00e1bor\u00fat lehetett viselni, egy tov\u00e1bbi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l\u00e9<\/span> okt\u00f3berben z\u00e1rta le azt. Ez az \u00e9vk\u00f6rh\u00f6z val\u00f3 k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9s ism\u00e9t megmutatja, hogyan \u00e1llt Marsz a harcias \u00e9s a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi szf\u00e9ra k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p><p>A kutat\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a Saliusok az\u00e9rt \u00e9rt\u00e9kesek, mert a r\u00f3mai vall\u00e1s egy igen \u0151si, nyelv\u00e9ben \u00e9s form\u00e1j\u00e1ban meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt darabj\u00e1t hagyom\u00e1nyozt\u00e1k r\u00e1nk. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritu\u00e1l\u00e9juk<\/span> sok r\u00e9szlete maguk az antik szerz\u0151k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra is hom\u00e1lyos maradt, ami a forr\u00e1shelyzetet ennek megfelel\u0151en t\u00f6redezett\u00e9 teszi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd54e62c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd54e62c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6a874e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6a874e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Szent\u00e9lyek, a Marsmez\u0151 \u00e9s az \u00fcnnepek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp556b925 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp556b925\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp06323e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp06323e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mars topogr\u00e1fiai be\u00e1gyazotts\u00e1ga R\u00f3m\u00e1ban szokatlan volt. Legr\u00e9gebbi kultuszhelye a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1ny<\/span> szerint a tulajdonk\u00e9ppeni v\u00e1roshat\u00e1ron k\u00edv\u00fcl fek\u00fcdt, a Tiberis-kanyar <em>Campus Martius\u00e1n<\/em>, a Marsmez\u0151n. Ennek szakr\u00e1lis jogi oka volt: fegyveresek \u00e9s a hadsereg nem l\u00e9phette \u00e1t a pomeriumot, a v\u00e1ros szent hat\u00e1r\u00e1t.<\/p><p>A Marsmez\u0151 ez\u00e9rt volt a helye a soroz\u00e1snak, a katonai gyakorlatoknak, a harcos form\u00e1j\u00e1ban \u00f6sszegy\u00fclekez\u0151 n\u00e9pgy\u0171l\u00e9snek \u00e9s a censusnak. Csak Augustus hozta be a <em>Mars Ultor<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom\u00e1val<\/span> saj\u00e1t f\u00f3rum\u00e1n demonstrat\u00edvan a v\u00e1ros k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ba az istent.<\/p><p>Mars \u00fcnnepi napt\u00e1ra m\u00e1rciusra \u00e9s okt\u00f3berre \u00f6sszpontosult. M\u00e1rciusban t\u00f6bb \u00fcnnep volt, k\u00f6zt\u00fck l\u00f3versenyek \u00e9s a <em>Quinquatrus<\/em> \u00fcnnepe, amelyen egyebek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a szent fegyvereket tiszt\u00edtott\u00e1k meg.<\/p><p>Okt\u00f3bert az <em>October equus<\/em> z\u00e1rta le, egy l\u00f3\u00e1ldozat, amelynek sor\u00e1n a gy\u0151ztes k\u00e9tfogat\u00fa fogat jobb oldali lov\u00e1t \u00e1ldozt\u00e1k fel Marsnak. A l\u00f3 fark\u00e1t sietve a Regi\u00e1ba vitt\u00e9k, egy \u0151si \u00e9p\u00fcletbe a Forumon, ahol a v\u00e9rnek a t\u0171zhelyre kellett cseppennie. E <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> pontos \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l m\u00e1r az antik tud\u00f3sok is vitatkoztak.<\/p><p>A Regi\u00e1ban \u0151rizt\u00e9k a <em>hastae Martiast<\/em> is, Mars szent l\u00e1ndzs\u00e1it. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1ny<\/span> szerint a hadvez\u00e9r a hadba indul\u00e1s el\u0151tt meg\u00e9rintette azokat, mondva, hogy az isten vigy\u00e1zzon. Ha a l\u00e1ndzs\u00e1k magukt\u00f3l megmozdultak, azt fenyeget\u0151 el\u0151jelnek tekintett\u00e9k. Ez a kultuszt\u00e1rgy, a hely \u00e9s a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolat mutatja, hogy a Mars-kultusz R\u00f3m\u00e1ban nem elvont hitt\u00e9telrendszer volt, hanem szorosan helysz\u00ednekhez \u00e9s t\u00e1rgyakhoz k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00f6tt, amelyek a k\u00f6z\u00e9let alak\u00edt\u00f3ik\u00e9nt is hatottak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf5ff2a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf5ff2a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a78867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8a78867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mars a provinci\u00e1kban \u00e9s az \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1s a helyi istenekkel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0c42560 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0c42560\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0be426b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0be426b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A r\u00f3mai birodalom terjeszked\u00e9s\u00e9vel a Mars-kultusz is elterjedt, \u00e1m ritk\u00e1n maradt v\u00e1ltozatlan. A provinci\u00e1kban, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Galli\u00e1ban, Britanni\u00e1ban \u00e9s a Rajna ment\u00e9n, Mars sokszor \u00f6sszeolvadt helyi istens\u00e9gekkel.<\/p><p>Ezt az elj\u00e1r\u00e1st a kutat\u00e1s <em>interpretatio Roman\u00e1nak<\/em> nevezi, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos Mars-mell\u00e9knevet eredm\u00e9nyezett, amelyek fogadalmi feliratokon jelennek meg. Ilyenek p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a trieri <em>Mars Lenus<\/em>, a kelta t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben a <em>Mars Camulus<\/em> vagy a britanniai <em>Mars Thingsus<\/em>, aki egy germ\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1son bel\u00fcl istenik\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9ggel<\/span> kapcsol\u00f3dott \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p>Figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3, hogy a provinci\u00e1lis Mars gyakran ink\u00e1bb gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9s v\u00e9delmez\u0151 istenk\u00e9nt jelenik meg, mint hadistenk\u00e9nt. A <em>Mars Lenus<\/em> p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul jelent\u0151s gy\u00f3gyistens\u00e9g volt, nagy templomk\u00f6rzettel.<\/p><p>Ez a hangs\u00falyeltol\u00f3d\u00e1s r\u00e9szben azoknak a helyi isteneknek a tulajdons\u00e1gaib\u00f3l magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3, amelyekkel Marst azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k, r\u00e9szben pedig az \u0151sit\u00e1liai Mars m\u00e1r eml\u00edtett sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 v\u00e9d\u0151funkci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l. Az isten csatlakoz\u00e1si pontot k\u00edn\u00e1lt, mert nem volt kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag harcias jelleg\u0171.<\/p><p>A provinci\u00e1lis kultuszok a kutat\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra fontosak, mert megmutatj\u00e1k, hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt a r\u00f3mai vall\u00e1s a helyi hagyom\u00e1nyokkal val\u00f3 tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sban. Nem volt merev rendszer, amelyet egyszer\u0171en r\u00e1er\u0151ltetnek, hanem lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette, hogy a megl\u00e9v\u0151 istens\u00e9geket r\u00f3mai form\u00e1ban sz\u00f3l\u00edts\u00e1k meg.<\/p><p>A r\u00e9g\u00e9szek f\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00c9szaknyugat-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban felt\u00e1rt sz\u00e1mos fogadalmi olt\u00e1r, felirat \u00e9s templomk\u00f6rze kiterjedt anyagi alapot alkot. Ezek egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171v\u00e9 teszik, hogy az egyetlen Mars n\u00e9v a gyakorlatban region\u00e1lisan k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 istenfelfog\u00e1sok eg\u00e9sz csoportj\u00e1t fedhette le. A provinci\u00e1lis Mars egys\u00e9ges <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja<\/span> ebb\u0151l nem vezethet\u0151 le.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6b1a899 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6b1a899\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9c89b19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9c89b19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ut\u00f3\u00e9let: Mars a csillag\u00e1szatban, a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben \u00e9s a modern kult\u00far\u00e1ban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe0e252 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfe0e252\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92dc409 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92dc409\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00e9s r\u00f3mai kult\u00fara korszaka, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl Kr. e. 800-t\u00f3l Kr. u. 600-ig.\" tabindex=\"0\">antik<\/span> vall\u00e1s keretein t\u00fal Mars f\u0151k\u00e9nt bolyg\u00f3istenk\u00e9nt hatott tov\u00e1bb. A v\u00f6r\u00f6ses bolyg\u00f3 az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00e9s r\u00f3mai kult\u00fara korszaka, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl Kr. e. 800-t\u00f3l Kr. u. 600-ig.\" tabindex=\"0\">antikvit\u00e1s<\/span> \u00f3ta viseli nev\u00e9t, \u00e9s az asztrol\u00f3giai hagyom\u00e1nyban, amely a k\u00e9s\u0151 antik \u00e9s arab k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u0151k r\u00e9v\u00e9n jutott el a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ba, Mars a h\u00e1bor\u00fa, az agresszi\u00f3 \u00e9s a vas csillaga volt.<\/p><p>Ebben a szerepk\u00f6rben sz\u00e1mtalan k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori \u00e9s kora \u00fajkori \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sban megjelenik, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a bolyg\u00f3gyermek-k\u00e9peken, amelyek megmutatj\u00e1k, mely emberek \u00e9s tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek tartoznak Marshoz, k\u00f6zt\u00fck katon\u00e1k, kov\u00e1csok \u00e9s m\u00e9sz\u00e1rosok.<\/p><p>A renesz\u00e1nsz \u00e9s a barokk k\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9szet\u00e9ben Marst t\u00f6bbnyire a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Ar\u00e9sz mint\u00e1j\u00e1ra \u00e1br\u00e1zolt\u00e1k, gyakran Venus t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g\u00e1ban.<\/p><p>A <em>Mars \u00e9s Venus<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvum<\/span>, amely a h\u00e1bor\u00fanak a szerelem \u00e1ltali megf\u00e9kez\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9rtelmezi, megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt Botticellin\u00e9l, Veronese-n\u00e9l \u00e9s Rubensn\u00e9l. Ez a k\u00e9pi hagyom\u00e1ny kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 az \u0151sit\u00e1liai v\u00e9d\u0151istenre ny\u00falik vissza, mint ink\u00e1bb a g\u00f6r\u00f6g <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosszal<\/span> val\u00f3 irodalmi \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1sra.<\/p><p>Nyelvileg is jelen van Mars napjainkig. A \u201emartialis&#8221; jelz\u0151 t\u0151le ered, csak\u00fagy mint a m\u00e1rcius h\u00f3nap neve sz\u00e1mos eur\u00f3pai nyelvben. A modern popul\u00e1ris kult\u00far\u00e1ban Mars bolyg\u00f3k\u00e9nt \u00e9s alakk\u00e9nt jelenik meg az irodalomban, a filmben \u00e9s a j\u00e1t\u00e9kokban, gyakran a h\u00e1bor\u00fas aspektusra sz\u0171k\u00edtve.<\/p><p>Ez a sz\u0171k\u00edt\u00e9s a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Ar\u00e9sznak felel meg ink\u00e1bb, mint a r\u00f3mai eredetinek. Aki a t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti Marst szeretn\u00e9 meg\u00e9rteni, annak ez\u00e9rt a k\u00e9s\u0151i recepc\u00f3n t\u00falra kell visszatekintenie, \u00e9s az istent saj\u00e1t \u0151sit\u00e1liai kontextus\u00e1ban kell szeml\u00e9lnie, amelyben a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a mez\u0151v\u00e9delem ugyanazon elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3er\u0151 k\u00e9t oldala volt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tov\u00e1bbi hivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/hu\/rom\/\">R\u00f3ma, kult\u00fara<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome. A History<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scheid, John: <em>An Introduction to Roman Religion<\/em>. Edinburgh University Press, 2003.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Dum\u00e9zil, Georges: <em>Archaic Roman Religion. Volume One<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, 1970.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kajanto, Iiro: <em>The God Mars in Connection with War and Death<\/em>. In: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A r\u00f3mai vall\u00e1sban egy hely vagy t\u00e1rgy m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 isteni ereje.\" tabindex=\"0\">Numen<\/span> 14, 1967.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mars, a r\u00f3mai hagyom\u00e1ny istene Mars a h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s a harci er\u0151 istene a r\u00f3mai hagyom\u00e1nyban. Romulus atyjak\u00e9nt a dinasztia \u00e9s maga a r\u00f3mai birodalom v\u00e9dn\u00f6k\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edt, ami k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges tiszteletet biztos\u00edtott sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l Mars a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g v\u00e9d\u0151istenek\u00e9nt kezd\u0151d\u0151, majd \u00e1llamistenn\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u00f3 fejl\u0151d\u00e9s szeml\u00e9letes p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja, amely a kultuszok politikai \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamat\u00e1t mutatja be. IstenR\u00f3ma Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1646,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mars","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mars - a h\u00e1bor\u00fa r\u00f3mai istene","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mars \u00edrott hagyom\u00e1nya t\u00f6bb \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadra ny\u00falik vissza a m\u00faltba, m\u00f6g\u00f6tte feltehet\u0151leg m\u00e9g r\u00e9gebbi sz\u00f3beli trad\u00edci\u00f3kkal","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"rom","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53371","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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