{"id":53310,"date":"2026-07-30T16:29:43","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/edimmu-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T16:30:10","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:30:10","slug":"edimmu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/edimmu\/","title":{"rendered":"Edimmu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53310\" class=\"elementor elementor-53310 elementor-723\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu, a mezopot\u00e1miai hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Edimmu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span> a mezopot\u00e1miai hagyom\u00e1nyban.<\/p><p><strong>Nyugtalan halotti szellem, amelynek oka a temet\u00e9s elmulaszt\u00e1sa.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Szellem: Testn\u00e9lk\u00fcli vagy f\u00e9lig testi l\u00e9ny, elhunyt szem\u00e9ly, term\u00e9szeti l\u00e9ny, h\u00e1zi szellem vagy k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u0151r. A mindennapi \u00e9letben hat, gyakran helyekhez vagy csal\u00e1dokhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik.\">Szellem<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A dokument\u00e1lt vall\u00e1s b\u00f6lcs\u0151je: Sumer, Akk\u00e1d, Babilon, Assz\u00edria (kb. Kr. e. 3500-t\u00f3l Kr. e. 330-ig).\">Mezopot\u00e1mia<\/a><a href=\"\/hu\/totengeister\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Elhunytak, akiknek szellemei az evil\u00e1gban tov\u00e1bb hatnak: h\u00e1zi szellemek, \u0151s\u00f6k, nyugtalan halottak.\">Halotti szellem<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1693\" alt=\"Edimmu - Geister aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Edimmu a mezopot\u00e1miai d\u00e9monol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban nem teremtett alakot jel\u00f6l, hanem emberi mulaszt\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9ny\u00e9t. Akkor j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre, amikor egy elhunytat nem temetnek el szab\u00e1lyszer\u0171en, nem r\u00e9szes\u00fcl rendszeres halotti \u00e1ldozatban, vagy er\u0151szakos \u00e9s elfeledett m\u00f3don ragadt\u00e1k ki az \u00e9l\u0151k sor\u00e1b\u00f3l. A l\u00e9lekb\u0151l, az <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>-b\u00f3l, sumer\u00fcl <em>gidim<\/em>-b\u0151l, \u00edgy fenyeget\u00e9s v\u00e1lik.<\/p><p>Ez k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges t\u00e1rsadalmi szerepet juttat az Edimmunak: l\u00e1that\u00f3v\u00e1 teszi a hozz\u00e1tartoz\u00f3k mulaszt\u00e1s\u00e1t. Az elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s ez\u00e9rt nem csup\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtusb\u00f3l<\/span> \u00e9s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Viselt t\u00e1rgy, amelynek v\u00e9d\u0151, bajelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulettb\u0151l<\/span> \u00e1ll, hanem mindenekel\u0151tt a megfelel\u0151 temet\u00e9sb\u0151l \u00e9s a folyamatos halottgondoz\u00e1sb\u00f3l, a <em>kispu<\/em>-b\u00f3l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gyors \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s: Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00edpus:<\/strong> nyugtalan halotti szellem (mezopot\u00e1miai)<br>Eredet: akk\u00e1d <em>edimmu<\/em>, sumer <em>gidim<\/em><br>Funkci\u00f3: az \u00e9l\u0151k zaklat\u00f3ja elmulasztott temet\u00e9s eset\u00e9n<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy hatalom k\u00e9r\u0151 vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1s<\/span>: <em>kispu<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span>, v\u00edz- \u00e9s liszt\u00e1ldozat a halottaknak<br>K\u00f6zponti forr\u00e1sok: Maql\u00fb-sorozat, Utukk\u016b lemn\u016btu, Gilgames-eposz XII. t\u00e1bla<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti elhelyez\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A sz\u00f6vegek korszaka<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Edimmura vonatkoz\u00f3 adatok a korai sumer sz\u00f6vegekt\u0151l az \u00fajassz\u00edr \u00e9s \u00fajbabiloni korig ny\u00falnak vissza. A halottgondoz\u00e1s \/ halotti szellem \/ t\u00falvil\u00e1gi hit \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9srendszere \u00edgy a mezopot\u00e1miai vall\u00e1s egyik legtart\u00f3sabb eleme.<\/p><p><strong>Mitol\u00f3giai elhelyez\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>Az <em>Edimmu<\/em>, az elhunytak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szelleme<\/span> vagy lelke, a mezopot\u00e1miai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/span> nem egyedi entit\u00e1s, hanem term\u00e9szetfeletti l\u00e9nyek egy oszt\u00e1lya: a halottak szellemei. Az <em>Edimmu<\/em>-k az elhunyt emberek testn\u00e9lk\u00fcli maradv\u00e1nyai, amelyek az alvil\u00e1gban v\u00e1ndorolnak.<\/p><p>Lehetnek gonoszak vagy semlegesek, att\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en, hogyan \u00e9ltek \u00e9s hogyan temett\u00e9k el \u0151ket. Az <em>Edimmu<\/em>-k \u00e9rzelmi vagy fizikai horgonyok, megoldatlan \u00fcgyek, hi\u00e1nyos temet\u00e9sek vagy er\u0151s \u00e9rzelmek r\u00e9v\u00e9n k\u00f6t\u0151dnek az anyagi vil\u00e1ghoz. Nem istenek \u00e9s nem is teljes d\u00e9monok, hanem valami a kett\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fclet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s az eg\u00e9sz mezopot\u00e1miai kultur\u00e1lis t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben elterjedt. Funkcion\u00e1lis p\u00e1rhuzamok sz\u00e9lesk\u00f6r\u0171en megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k az antik mediterr\u00e1n kult\u00far\u00e1kban, a kelet-\u00e1zsiai n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1sokban \u00e9s az eur\u00f3pai n\u00e9phit hagyom\u00e1nyaiban is.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1shelyzet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>K\u00f6zponti forr\u00e1sok a Maql\u00fb \u00e9s a \u0160urpu r\u00e1olvas\u00e1ssorozatok, a Gilgames-eposz XII. t\u00e1bl\u00e1ja, amely az eltemetetlen halott megb\u00e9k\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3 utas\u00edt\u00e1sokat tartalmaz, valamint az Utukk\u016b lemn\u016btu (&#8222;Gonosz d\u00e9monok&#8221;) k\u00e1noni gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny. A sz\u00f6vegek kiad\u00e1sa \u00e9s ford\u00edt\u00e1sa d\u00f6nt\u0151en M. J. Geller (Brill, 2007 \u00e9s 2016) \u00e9s R. Borger nev\u00e9hez f\u0171z\u0151dik; a kispu-gyakorlatot Akio Tsukimoto (1985) dolgozta fel rendszerszer\u0171en.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elnevez\u00e9s \u00e9s \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Akk\u00e1dul:<\/strong> <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>, r\u00e9gebbi \u00e1t\u00edr\u00e1sokban <em>edimmu<\/em>, <em>etimmu<\/em>, <em>ekimmu<\/em> is.<br>Sumer\u00fcl: <em>gidim<\/em>.<br>Sz\u00f3 szerint: &#8222;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>&#8222;, &#8222;egy halott lelke&#8221;.<\/p><p>Fontos megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9s: elvben <em>minden<\/em> elhunytnak van <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>-ja. Ez azonban csak akkor v\u00e1lik fenyeget\u00e9ss\u00e9, ha a halottgondoz\u00e1st elmulasztj\u00e1k, a hal\u00e1l er\u0151szakos volt, vagy a holttest temetetlen maradt. Az &#8222;Edimmu&#8221; mint d\u00e9monol\u00f3giai fogalom teh\u00e1t a kisiklott, nyugtalan halotti szellemet jel\u00f6li, nem mag\u00e1t a lelket.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jellemz\u0151k<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Megjelen\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00c1rnyszer\u0171, r\u00f6gz\u00edtett k\u00e9pi \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. A tapasztalat akusztikus \u00faton t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik (panaszhangok, ny\u00f6g\u00e9s), \u00e1lmokban vagy az otthonban \u00e9jszaka \u00e9rezhet\u0151 jelenl\u00e9tk\u00e9nt. Az akk\u00e1d sz\u00f6vegek logik\u00e1ja k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get tesz a l\u00e1that\u00f3v\u00e1 v\u00e1l\u00f3 Edimmu-k (ritk\u00e1n) \u00e9s a csup\u00e1n k\u00f6zvetett \u00faton megtapasztalt Edimmu-k (rendszerint) k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p><p><strong>Viselked\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p><p>Az Edimmu-k \u00e9jszaka keresik fel t\u00fal\u00e9l\u0151 csal\u00e1dtagjaik otthon\u00e1t. Figyelmet k\u00f6vetelnek, elmulasztott gy\u00e1szr\u00edtusokat, elmaradt v\u00edz- \u00e9s liszt<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozatokat<\/span>. Ha nem csillap\u00edtj\u00e1k le \u0151ket, betegs\u00e9get, r\u00e9m\u00e1lmokat \u00e9s szerencs\u00e9tlens\u00e9get okoznak. A fenyeget\u00e9s tart\u00f3s jelleg\u0171: egyetlen elmulasztott <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> \u00e9vekig tart\u00f3 zaklat\u00e1st vonhat maga ut\u00e1n.<\/p><p><strong>Hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p><p>Alv\u00e1szavarok, r\u00e9m\u00e1lmok, fejf\u00e1j\u00e1s, b\u00faskomors\u00e1g, a csal\u00e1d betegs\u00e9ge, medd\u0151s\u00e9g, \u00fczleti kudarcok. A mezopot\u00e1miai diagn\u00f3zis a nem specifikus panaszok sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u00e9t sorolja potenci\u00e1lisan az Edimmu-komplexhez, a zsid\u00f3-rabbinikus Lilitre vonatkoz\u00f3 diagnosztik\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3an.<\/p><p><strong>Megjelen\u00e9s \u00e9s szimbolika<\/strong><\/p><p>Az <em>Edimmu<\/em>-kat emberi alakokk\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k, de \u00e9terikusan, sz\u00fcrk\u00e9n vagy \u00e1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3an, szellemszer\u0171 ragyog\u00e1ssal. Az alvil\u00e1gba magukkal viszik \u00e9let\u00fck ruh\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00e9s ismertet\u0151jegyeit, az \u00e1tmenet sor\u00e1n azonban elhalv\u00e1nyulnak. Szem\u00fck \u00fcres vagy szomor\u00fas\u00e1ggal teli.<\/p><p>Olykor csup\u00e1n fekete vagy sz\u00fcrke sziluett l\u00e1that\u00f3. Az <em>Edimmu<\/em>-knak nincs a fizikai testek anyagszer\u0171s\u00e9ge: k\u00e9pesek \u00e1tmenni a falakon \u00e9s elt\u0171nni. Jelenl\u00e9t\u00fcket gyakran hidegs\u00e9g vagy egyfajta f\u00e9lelem k\u00eds\u00e9ri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adatlap: Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Edimmu legfontosabb szempontjai egy pillant\u00e1sra. A n\u00e9vr\u0151l, a le\u00edr\u00e1sr\u00f3l, az elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1sr\u00f3l \u00e9s a p\u00e1rhuzamokr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 kifejt\u00e9s a 2., 3., 5. \u00e9s 6. fejezetben olvashat\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hagyom\u00e1ny<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Egy kor\u00e1bbi ember, akit nem temettek el szab\u00e1lyszer\u0171en, akinek halottgondoz\u00e1sa elmaradt, vagy aki er\u0151szakosan \u00e9s elfeledve halt meg. Teh\u00e1t: nem teremtm\u00e9ny, hanem egy mulaszt\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az Edimmu c\u00e9lcsoportja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Els\u0151sorban azok a hozz\u00e1tartoz\u00f3k, akik elhanyagolt\u00e1k a temet\u00e9st vagy a <em>kispu<\/em>-t. Emellett: utaz\u00f3k, akik t\u00f6rv\u00e9nytelen temetkez\u00e9sek vagy er\u0151szakos hal\u00e1l helysz\u00ednei mellett haladnak el.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az Edimmu megjelen\u00e9se<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c1rnyszer\u0171, halv\u00e1ny, elcsig\u00e1zott, emberszer\u0171 alak. Nem hibrid l\u00e9ny. Jelenl\u00e9te ink\u00e1bb t\u00fcnetekben \u00e9s \u00e1lmokban mutatkozik meg, mint egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 k\u00e9pi form\u00e1ban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az Edimmu hat\u00e1sa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kimer\u00fclts\u00e9g, kr\u00f3nikus betegs\u00e9g, r\u00e9m\u00e1lmok, megmagyar\u00e1zhatatlan szenved\u00e9s a csal\u00e1dtagokn\u00e1l. Ink\u00e1bb tart\u00f3s zaklat\u00e1s, mint hirtelen t\u00e1mad\u00e1s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9delem<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00f3tl\u00f3lagos temet\u00e9s vagy helyettes\u00edt\u0151 r\u00edtus, rendszeres <em>kispu<\/em>-halotti \u00e1ldozatok, r\u00e1olvas\u00e1sok a megb\u00e9k\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9s az alvil\u00e1gba val\u00f3 visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az Edimmu p\u00e1rhuzamai<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lemures (r\u00f3mai), Keres \u00e9s temetetlen lelkek Hom\u00e9roszn\u00e1l (g\u00f6r\u00f6g), hungry ghosts (k\u00ednai-buddhista), visszaj\u00e1r\u00f3 halottak (germ\u00e1n), modern poltergeist-mot\u00edvumok.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s a mindennapi \u00e9letben<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Az elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s r\u00edtusai<\/strong><\/p><p>A k\u00f6zponti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> a <em>kispu<\/em>, a halottak rendszeres megvend\u00e9gel\u00e9se v\u00edzzel, keny\u00e9rrel \u00e9s liszttel, havonta \u00fajholdkor \u00e9s az \u00e9vfordul\u00f3n. Ehhez j\u00e1rul a halott nev\u00e9nek sz\u00f3beli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy hatalom k\u00e9r\u0151 vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/span>.<\/p><p>Akut zaklat\u00e1s eset\u00e9n a Maql\u00fb-sorozat r\u00e1olvas\u00e1ssz\u00f6vegeit alkalmazz\u00e1k: agyagfigur\u00e1k el\u00e9get\u00e9se, bor\u00f3ka\u00e1gakb\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00edtett f\u00fcst\u00e1ldozat, v\u00e9delmi k\u00f6r\u00f6k a h\u00e1z k\u00f6r\u00e9. A Gilgames-eposz XII. t\u00e1bl\u00e1ja r\u00e9szletes utas\u00edt\u00e1st ad egy eltemetetlen elesett Edimmuj\u00e1nak megb\u00e9k\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kultusz<\/span> \u00e9s tisztelet<\/strong><\/p><p>Az <em>Edimmu<\/em>-k &#8222;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusza<\/span>&#8221; az \u0151s\u00f6k tisztelet\u00e9n \u00e9s a halotti r\u00edtusokon kereszt\u00fcl \u00e9lt. A csal\u00e1dok \u00e1ldozatokkal \u00e9s im\u00e1kkal ad\u00f3ztak elhunyt hozz\u00e1tartoz\u00f3iknak, hogy <em>Edimmu<\/em>-juk az alvil\u00e1gban nyugodt \u00e9s megel\u00e9gedett maradjon.<\/p><p>Papok r\u00edtusokat v\u00e9geztek a gonosz <em>Edimmu<\/em>-k elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra vagy megb\u00e9k\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. A s\u00edrokat \u00e1ldozatokkal l\u00e1tt\u00e1k el, hogy az <em>Edimmu<\/em>-kat t\u00e1pl\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u00e9s megnyugtass\u00e1k. A szab\u00e1lytalanul eltemetett vagy meg\u00e1tkozott <em>Edimmu<\/em>-k nagy f\u00e9lelmet keltettek, \u00e9s el\u0171z\u00e9s\u00fckh\u00f6z szak\u00e9rt\u0151kre volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu, p\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>A g\u00f6r\u00f6g-r\u00f3mai vil\u00e1g<\/strong><\/p><p>A hom\u00e9roszi Keres-alakok, \u00e9s f\u0151k\u00e9nt a r\u00f3mai Lemures, vagyis a temetetlen vagy haragv\u00f3 halottakb\u00f3l keletkez\u0151 nyugtalan lelkek, funkcion\u00e1lisan nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben megfelelnek az Edimmunak. A r\u00f3mai <em>Lemuria<\/em> \u00fcnnepe ennek a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvumnak<\/span> int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyes\u00edtett megv\u00e1lasza.<\/p><p><strong>Kelet-\u00c1zsia:<\/strong> A k\u00ednai-jap\u00e1n-koreai hagyom\u00e1ny buddhista ihlet\u00e9s\u0171 &#8222;\u00e9hes szellemei&#8221; (preta, egui) teljes\u00edtetlen k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9sekb\u0151l \u00e9s hi\u00e1nyos r\u00edtusokb\u00f3l keletkeznek. Az \u00c9hes Szellemek Fesztiv\u00e1lja rendszeresen helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtja a halottak ritu\u00e1lis gondoz\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p><p><strong>Eur\u00f3pa (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e9phit<\/span>):<\/strong> A germ\u00e1n \u00e9s szl\u00e1v n\u00e9phit visszaj\u00e1r\u00f3 halottainak \u00e9s poltergeist-mot\u00edvumainak ugyanez az alapgondolata: egy elhunyt visszat\u00e9r, mert a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span>, az igazs\u00e1gszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s vagy a b\u00facs\u00faz\u00e1s befejezetlen maradt. Az elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s ez\u00fattal is egyfajta j\u00f3v\u00e1t\u00e9tel form\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00f6lti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9302b7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9302b7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f157fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3f157fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A nyugtalan halott: okok \u00e9s logika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp41008d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp41008d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c68ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c68ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> (sumer\u00fcl <em>gidim<\/em>, a r\u00e9gebbi szakirodalomban gyakran <em>edimmu<\/em> alakban \u00edrva) a mezopot\u00e1miai gondolkod\u00e1sban alapvet\u0151en nem fenyeget\u0151 jelens\u00e9g. A sz\u00f3 \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan jel\u00f6li a halotti szellemet, egy elhunyt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem\u00e9t<\/span>.<\/p><p>Minden ember hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>-v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik. Rendszerint ez a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span> lesz\u00e1ll az alvil\u00e1gba, ott megtal\u00e1lja a hely\u00e9t, \u00e9s az ut\u00f3dok rendszeres halotti \u00e1ldozatai r\u00e9v\u00e9n gondoskodnak r\u00f3la.<\/p><p>Az <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> csak akkor v\u00e1lik vesz\u00e9lyess\u00e9, ha ez a rendezett \u00e1tmenet meghi\u00fasul. A sz\u00f6vegek pontosan megnevezik az okokat: egy ember, akit nem temettek el szab\u00e1lyszer\u0171en, akinek holtteste temetetlen hevert vagy v\u00edzben sodr\u00f3dott; egy ember, aki nem hagyott maga ut\u00e1n ut\u00f3dokat, \u00e9s ez\u00e9rt nem r\u00e9szes\u00fcl halottgondoz\u00e1sban; egy ember, aki er\u0151szakos, korai vagy term\u00e9szetellenes hal\u00e1llal halt meg.<\/p><p>Az ilyen halottak nem lelnek nyugalomra. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">Szellem\u00fck<\/span> az \u00e9l\u0151k vil\u00e1g\u00e1hoz k\u00f6tve marad, \u00e9s visszat\u00e9r.<\/p><p>A nyugtalan <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> ekkor az \u00e9l\u0151ket zaklatja. Megsz\u00e1llja az embert, a f\u00fcl\u00e9n \u00e1t hatol bel\u00e9, betegs\u00e9get, fejf\u00e1j\u00e1st, gyenges\u00e9get, szellemi zavarodotts\u00e1got okoz.<\/p><p>Ez az elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l k\u00f6vetkezetes: a halotti szellem azt k\u00e9ri, ami hi\u00e1nyzott neki, temet\u00e9st \u00e9s gondoz\u00e1st, \u00e9s addig szorongatja az egyik \u00e9l\u0151t, am\u00edg az vagy a hozz\u00e1tartoz\u00f3i gondoskodnak az orvosl\u00e1sr\u00f3l.<\/p><p>Az <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>-ba vetett hit a halottak megfelel\u0151 eltemet\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s gondoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1rsadalmi k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9g\u00e9t a saj\u00e1t eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g k\u00e9rd\u00e9s\u00e9v\u00e9 tette. Aki elhanyagolta a halottait, annak visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00fckkel kellett sz\u00e1molnia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83df163 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp83df163\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11c77de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp11c77de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kezel\u00e9s a gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szatban: diagn\u00f3zis \u00e9s r\u00e1olvas\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea16c28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpea16c28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbdb4429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbdb4429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> a mezopot\u00e1miai orvosl\u00e1sban \u00e9s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan gyakorlatok, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges cselekm\u00e9nyek vagy formul\u00e1k r\u00e9v\u00e9n k\u00edv\u00e1nnak beavatkozni az esem\u00e9nyek menet\u00e9be.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gi\u00e1ban<\/span> az egyik leggyakoribb betegs\u00e9gok. A diagnosztikai sz\u00f6vegek, mindenekel\u0151tt a nagy <em>Sakikk\u016b<\/em> sorozat (&#8222;T\u00fcnetek&#8221;), amelyet a kutat\u00e1sban Nils Hee\u00dfel munk\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1val szok\u00e1s \u00f6sszekapcsolni, olyan t\u00fcnetegy\u00fctteseket sorolnak fel, amelyeket &#8222;egy halotti szellem keze&#8221; (<em>q\u0101t e\u1e6demmi<\/em>) megnyilv\u00e1nul\u00e1sak\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmeztek.<\/p><p>A r\u00e1olvas\u00f3pap, az <em>\u0101\u0161ipu<\/em>, a betegs\u00e9g jeleib\u0151l \u00e1llap\u00edtotta meg, hogy <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> \u00e1ll-e a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rben, \u00e9s ebb\u0151l vezette le a kezel\u00e9st.<\/p><p>Egy \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 sz\u00f6vegcsoport, amelyet JoAnn Scurlock \u00e1ll\u00edtott \u00f6ssze &#8222;szellem okozta betegs\u00e9gek&#8221; c\u00edm alatt, r\u00e9szletesen dokument\u00e1lja a ter\u00e1pi\u00e1t. Ez mag\u00e1ban foglalt r\u00e1olvas\u00e1sokat, ken\u0151cs\u00f6ket, f\u0151zeteket, amuletteket \u00e9s ritu\u00e1lis cselekedeteket.<\/p><p>Fontos elj\u00e1r\u00e1s volt a halotti szellem azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa, majd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> \u00e9s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozat<\/span> r\u00e9v\u00e9n megb\u00e9k\u00edt\u00e9se vagy az alvil\u00e1gba val\u00f3 visszak\u00fcld\u00e9se. N\u00e9ha a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellemet<\/span> ut\u00f3lag r\u00e9szes\u00edtett\u00e9k abban a temet\u00e9sben vagy halottgondoz\u00e1sban, amelynek h\u00edj\u00e1n volt; n\u00e9ha egy helyettes\u00edt\u0151 t\u00e1rgyhoz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy figur\u00e1hoz k\u00f6t\u00f6tt\u00e9k, \u00e9s \u00edgy v\u00e1lasztott\u00e1k el a betegt\u0151l.<\/p><p>Ezek a forr\u00e1sok k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rt\u00e9kesek a vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, mert megmutatj\u00e1k, milyen szorosan fon\u00f3dott \u00f6ssze Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00e1ban az orvosl\u00e1s, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan gyakorlatok, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges cselekm\u00e9nyek vagy formul\u00e1k r\u00e9v\u00e9n k\u00edv\u00e1nnak beavatkozni az esem\u00e9nyek menet\u00e9be.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gia<\/span> \u00e9s a halottkultusz. A beteg kezel\u00e9se egyben az \u00e9l\u0151k \u00e9s holtak k\u00f6z\u00f6tt megbomlott kapcsolat rendez\u00e9se is volt.<\/p><p>Az <em>\u0101\u0161ipu<\/em> nem exorcista volt a sz\u00f3 k\u00e9s\u0151bbi \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben, aki egy ellens\u00e9get \u0171z\u00f6tt ki, hanem ink\u00e1bb k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u0151, aki egy megromlott t\u00e1rsadalmi viszonyt \u00e1ll\u00edtott helyre, csak az egyik \u00e9rintett m\u00e1r halott volt. A hasonl\u00f3 betegs\u00e9get okoz\u00f3 hatalmak k\u00f6z\u00e9, amelyekkel ugyanezek a szakemberek szembesz\u00e1lltak, tartoztak a <a href=\"\/hu\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu<\/a> \u00e9s az <em>utukku<\/em>-d\u00e9monok is.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp80cd23c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp80cd23c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5308c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5308c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A kispu-\u00e1ldozatok \u00e9s a halottak gondoz\u00e1sa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9eacb7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9eacb7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp62f6bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp62f6bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A nyugtalan <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> elleni leghat\u00e1sosabb megel\u0151z\u00e9s a rendszeres, szab\u00e1lyszer\u0171 halottgondoz\u00e1s, a <em>kispu<\/em> volt. Ez a fogalom jel\u00f6li azokat a halotti \u00e1ldozatokat \u00e9s eml\u00e9kez\u00e9si r\u00edtusokat, amelyeket az ut\u00f3doknak el kellett v\u00e9gezni\u00fck elhunyt \u0151seik\u00e9rt.<\/p><p>A <em>kispu<\/em> l\u00e9nyege \u00e9tel, \u00e9s mindenekel\u0151tt v\u00edz felaj\u00e1nl\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e1llt a halottaknak, \u00f6sszekapcsolva nev\u00fck kimond\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p><p>Ezeknek a r\u00edtusoknak szil\u00e1rd hely\u00fck volt a napt\u00e1rban. Rendszeres, gyakran havi eml\u00e9kez\u00e9si napok l\u00e9teztek, \u00e9s az Abu h\u00f3nap a ny\u00e1r derek\u00e1n a halottak eml\u00e9kez\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges idej\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edtott, amelyen a k\u00e9t vil\u00e1g k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolatot \u00e1tj\u00e1rhat\u00f3nak gondolt\u00e1k.<\/p><p>A gondoz\u00e1s nem csup\u00e1n a nemr\u00e9g elhunytakra terjedt ki, hanem gener\u00e1ci\u00f3kon \u00e1t visszany\u00falt; a kir\u00e1lyi h\u00e1zakban hossz\u00fa \u0151slist\u00e1kat olvastak fel a <em>kispu<\/em> alkalm\u00e1val.<\/p><p>A m\u00f6g\u00f6ttes logika egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171: egy halott, akit a <em>kispu<\/em> r\u00e9v\u00e9n ell\u00e1tnak, akinek nev\u00e9t kimondj\u00e1k \u00e9s szomj\u00e1t oltj\u00e1k, el\u00e9gedetten marad az alvil\u00e1gban, \u00e9s nem t\u00e9r vissza.<\/p><p>Egy halott, akit elfelejtenek, akinek csal\u00e1dja kihalt vagy elmulasztja a gondoz\u00e1st, \u00e9hes, szomjas, nyugtalan <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik. Ez\u00e9rt a halottgondoz\u00e1s nem puszt\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy ember meg\u00e9lt vall\u00e1si magatart\u00e1sa \u00e9s gyakorlata.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g<\/span> volt, hanem a nemzed\u00e9kek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szerz\u0151d\u00e9s azonnali k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekkel.<\/p><p>Az \u00e9l\u0151k gondoskodtak a halottakr\u00f3l, \u00e9s ezzel megv\u00e1s\u00e1rolt\u00e1k a nyugalmukat t\u0151l\u00fck; a halottak viszont, ha ki voltak el\u00e9g\u00edtve, j\u00f3indulattal is lehettek az \u00e9l\u0151k ir\u00e1nt. Az <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>-hit \u00e9s a <em>kispu<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> az elhunytak vil\u00e1g\u00e1hoz f\u0171z\u0151d\u0151 viszony k\u00e9t oldala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tov\u00e1bbi hivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/hu\/gallu\/\">Gallu, rokon mezopot\u00e1miai hajcs\u00e1r-d\u00e9mon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu, rokon d\u00e9monn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu, apotropaikus v\u00e9d\u0151alak<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/ereshkigal\/\">Ereshkigal, az alvil\u00e1g \u00farn\u0151je<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/nergal\/\">Nergal, az alvil\u00e1g istene<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu, rokon leselked\u0151 d\u00e9mon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/mesopotamien\/\">Mezopot\u00e1miai hagyom\u00e1ny, \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos kontextus<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1si irodalom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Bott\u00e9ro, Jean: <em>Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Green, Anthony: <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. British Museum Press, London 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A.M.: <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Texts<\/em>. Styx, Groningen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scurlock, JoAnn: <em>Magico-Medical Means of Treating Ghost-Induced Illnesses in Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. Brill, Leiden 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. CDL Press, Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hee\u00dfel, Nils P.: <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>. AOAT 43, M\u00fcnster 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-edimmu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-edimmu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-edimmu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-edimmu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-edimmu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Az itt ismertetett v\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1nyok vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se. Az iWell Guard ehhez a kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1nyhoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, \u00e9s a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kort\u00e1rs form\u00e1j\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli. <a href=\"\/hu\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Tudjon meg t\u00f6bbet az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1441f2e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1441f2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e86c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93e86c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Gyakori k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek az Edimmur\u00f3l<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Mik voltak az Edimmuk a mezopot\u00e1miai vall\u00e1sban?<\/h3><p>Az Edimmuk (sum\u00e9r GIDIM, akk\u00e1d e\u1e6dimmu) a mezopot\u00e1miai vall\u00e1sban az elhunytak szellemei voltak, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen azok\u00e9, akik nem r\u00e9szes\u00fcltek megfelel\u0151 temet\u00e9sben, vagy akiknek csal\u00e1dja nem hozott nekik halotti \u00e1ldozatot.<\/p><p>A mezopot\u00e1miai megfelel\u0151i azoknak a k\u00eds\u00e9rteteknek \u00e9s r\u00e9mszellemeknek, amelyek az evil\u00e1gban maradnak, hogy gy\u00f6t\u00f6rj\u00e9k az \u00e9l\u0151ket, betegs\u00e9g, r\u00e9m\u00e1lmok, balesetek \u00e9s szerencs\u00e9tlens\u00e9g \u00e1ltal. A Gilgames-eposzban Enkidu Edimmuja visszat\u00e9r az alvil\u00e1gb\u00f3l, \u00e9s elmondja Gilgamesnek az alvil\u00e1g viszonyait.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hogyan v\u00e9dekezett az ember az Edimmu ellen?<\/h3><p>A legfontosabb m\u00f3dszer a megfelel\u0151 temet\u00e9s \u00e9s a rendszeres halotti \u00e1ldozat (Kispum) volt, keny\u00e9r, s\u00f6r, v\u00edz az \u0151s\u00f6k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Ha egy Edimmu m\u00e9gis visszat\u00e9rt, r\u00e1olvas\u00f3t\u00e1bl\u00e1k, a namburbi-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span> (egyfajta felold\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span>) \u00e9s a mezopot\u00e1miai istenek, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u0160ama\u0161 (a napisten \u00e9s b\u00edr\u00f3) valamint Marduk h\u00edv\u00e1sa seg\u00edtett.<\/p><p>Egy tipikus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span> abb\u00f3l \u00e1llt, hogy agyagfigur\u00e1t form\u00e1ztak az Edimmur\u00f3l, feliratt\u00e1k a szellem nev\u00e9vel, majd jelk\u00e9pesen el\u00e1st\u00e1k vagy v\u00edzbe dobt\u00e1k.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Mik voltak az Edimmuk a mezopot\u00e1miai vall\u00e1sban?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Az Edimmuk (sum\u00e9r GIDIM, akk\u00e1d e\u1e6dimmu) a mezopot\u00e1miai vall\u00e1sban az elhunytak szellemei voltak, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen azok\u00e9, akik nem r\u00e9szes\u00fcltek megfelel\u0151 temet\u00e9sben, vagy akiknek csal\u00e1dja nem hozott nekik halotti \u00e1ldozatot. A mezopot\u00e1miai megfelel\u0151i azoknak a k\u00eds\u00e9rteteknek \u00e9s r\u00e9mszellemeknek, amelyek az evil\u00e1gban maradnak, hogy gy\u00f6t\u00f6rj\u00e9k az \u00e9l\u0151ket, betegs\u00e9g, r\u00e9m\u00e1lmok, balesetek \u00e9s szerencs\u00e9tlens\u00e9g \u00e1ltal. A Gilgames-eposzban Enkidu Edimmuja visszat\u00e9r az alvil\u00e1gb\u00f3l, \u00e9s elmondja Gilgamesnek az alvil\u00e1g viszonyait.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hogyan v\u00e9dekezett az ember az Edimmu ellen?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A legfontosabb m\u00f3dszer a megfelel\u0151 temet\u00e9s \u00e9s a rendszeres halotti \u00e1ldozat (Kispum) volt, keny\u00e9r, s\u00f6r, v\u00edz az \u0151s\u00f6k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Ha egy Edimmu m\u00e9gis visszat\u00e9rt, r\u00e1olvas\u00f3t\u00e1bl\u00e1k, a namburbi-<span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span> (egyfajta felold\u00f3 <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span>) \u00e9s a mezopot\u00e1miai istenek, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u0160ama\u0161 (a napisten \u00e9s b\u00edr\u00f3) valamint Marduk h\u00edv\u00e1sa seg\u00edtett. Egy tipikus <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Szimbolikus cselekv\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott sorozata vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">szertart\u00e1s<\/span> abb\u00f3l \u00e1llt, hogy agyagfigur\u00e1t form\u00e1ztak az Edimmur\u00f3l, feliratt\u00e1k a szellem nev\u00e9vel, majd jelk\u00e9pesen el\u00e1st\u00e1k vagy v\u00edzbe dobt\u00e1k.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Edimmu, a mezopot\u00e1miai hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme Az Edimmu szellem a mezopot\u00e1miai hagyom\u00e1nyban. Nyugtalan halotti szellem, amelynek oka a temet\u00e9s elmulaszt\u00e1sa. SzellemMezopot\u00e1miaHalotti szellem Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Edimmu Az Edimmu a mezopot\u00e1miai d\u00e9monol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban nem teremtett alakot jel\u00f6l, hanem emberi mulaszt\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9ny\u00e9t. Akkor j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre, amikor egy elhunytat nem temetnek el szab\u00e1lyszer\u0171en, nem r\u00e9szes\u00fcl rendszeres halotti \u00e1ldozatban, vagy er\u0151szakos \u00e9s elfeledett [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1693,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Edimmu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Edimmu - A mezopot\u00e1miai hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Az Edimmu a mezopot\u00e1miai d\u00e9monol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban nem teremtett alakot jel\u00f6l, hanem emberi mulaszt\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9ny\u00e9t. Akkor j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre, amikor egy...","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53310","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Edimmu - A mezopot\u00e1miai hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Az Edimmu a mezopot\u00e1miai d\u00e9monol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban nem teremtett alakot jel\u00f6l, hanem emberi mulaszt\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9ny\u00e9t. 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