{"id":53188,"date":"2026-07-30T15:18:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T15:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gula-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T15:18:44","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T15:18:44","slug":"gula","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/","title":{"rendered":"Gula"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53188\" class=\"elementor elementor-53188 elementor-3020\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1271f7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d1271f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ed33b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41ed33b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2edc596 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2edc596\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f18b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12f18b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gula, a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s babil\u00f3niai istenn\u0151je<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f18265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f18265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s babil\u00f3niai istenn\u0151je, akit a kuty\u00e1k \u00farn\u0151jek\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolnak, \u00e9s akinek \u00e1llata a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szeml\u00e9letes k\u00e9p, amely elvont gondolatot jelen\u00edt meg.\" tabindex=\"0\">jelk\u00e9pe<\/span>. Gula az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai vall\u00e1s legfontosabb gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151je. Els\u0151sorban az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai \u00e9s az \u00fajassz\u00edr korban tisztelt\u00e9k, \u00e9s a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, az orvosok, valamint a b\u00e1b\u00e1k v\u00e9dn\u00f6kek\u00e9nt tartott\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon.<\/p><p>Attrib\u00fatuma a kutya, amely az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai k\u00e9pzetvil\u00e1gban egyar\u00e1nt kapcsol\u00f3dott a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1shoz \u00e9s az \u00e9let \u00e9s hal\u00e1l hat\u00e1r\u00e1hoz. Legfontosabb <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomai<\/span> Isinben, Nippurban \u00e9s Babil\u00f3nban \u00e1lltak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d0197 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"33d0197\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d98a816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d98a816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Isten \/ Istenn\u0151: Egy kult\u00fara panteonj\u00e1nak megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett legf\u0151bb hatalma, j\u00f3l meghat\u00e1rozott hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r\u00f6kkel: term\u00e9szeti er\u0151k, sors, h\u00e1bor\u00fa, term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g. Kultuszok, \u00e1ldozatok \u00e9s templomi int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyek r\u00e9v\u00e9n tisztelik.\">Istenn\u0151<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A dokument\u00e1lt vall\u00e1s b\u00f6lcs\u0151je: Sumer, Akk\u00e1d, Babil\u00f3n, Assz\u00edria (kb. Kr. e. 3500-t\u00f3l Kr. e. 330-ig).\">Mezopot\u00e1mia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b45b9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b45b9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5202ae elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"d5202ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e80ad34 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e80ad34\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455e8e3 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"455e8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3251\" alt=\"Gula - G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a883 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f2a883\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf2575 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cf2575\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b60ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75b60ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00edtosz \u00e9s eredet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-210fc41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"210fc41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula t\u00f6bb r\u00e9gebbi gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 k\u00e9s\u0151i \u00e9s teljesebb form\u00e1ja, mindenekel\u0151tt Ninisin\u00e1\u00e9, Baui\u00e9 \u00e9s Ninkarrak\u00e9, akiket az \u00f3kori sumer v\u00e1ros\u00e1llamokban, Isinben, Lagasban \u00e9s Sipparban tiszteltek. Ninisina, az &#8222;Isin \u00farn\u0151je&#8221;, a legfontosabb el\u0151d.<\/p><p>M\u00e1r az Isin-dinasztia kir\u00e1lyi feliratain, Kr. e. 2000 k\u00f6r\u00fcl, a legf\u0151bb gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9s v\u00e1rosistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt jelenik meg. Az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai korban funkci\u00f3i \u00e9s tulajdons\u00e1gai Gula egys\u00e9ges alakj\u00e1ban olvadtak \u00f6ssze.<\/p>\n<p>Neve akk\u00e1dul &#8222;a Nagy&#8221; jelent\u00e9ssel b\u00edr. A feliratok azugallunak, azaz &#8222;nagy orvosnak&#8221; nevezik. Anu, az \u00e9gisten le\u00e1nya, vagy m\u00e1s hagyom\u00e1nyok szerint Enlil le\u00e1nya. F\u00e9rje Ninurta, a harcos- \u00e9s ek\u00e9isten, akivel kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 p\u00e1rt alkot: \u0151 a harcias h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e9rt, Gula a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e9rt felel.<\/p>\n<p>Legfontosabb szent\u00e9lyei Isinben, a d\u00e9li Mezopot\u00e1mia egyik v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban, \u00e9s Nippurban, a vall\u00e1si f\u0151v\u00e1rosban \u00e1lltak. Babil\u00f3nban az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai korban az E-galmah <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomot<\/span> emelt\u00e9k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Sipparban Ninkarrak alakj\u00e1ban volt otthonos. Ez a f\u00f6ldrajzi sz\u00f3r\u00f3d\u00e1s az istenn\u0151 feletti region\u00e1lis jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t mutatja.<\/p>\n<p>Gula egyik ismert himnusza, a &#8222;Bullussa-rabi-himnusz&#8221;, a k\u00f6z\u00e9pbabil\u00f3niai korb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik, \u00e9s az istenn\u0151 \u00e1tfog\u00f3 \u00f6n\u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s\u00e1t ny\u00fajtja. Orvosk\u00e9nt, beteg\u00e1pol\u00f3k\u00e9nt, b\u00e1b\u00e1k\u00e9nt \u00e9s egyben igazs\u00e1gos b\u00edr\u00f3k\u00e9nt mutatja be mag\u00e1t. A himnusz vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szempontb\u00f3l fontos, mert az istenn\u0151 k\u00f6zponti funkci\u00f3it irodalmilag magas szinten foglalja \u00f6ssze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2c394 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b2c394\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8207a8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8207a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s attrib\u00fatumok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dde330 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dde330\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula legfontosabb attrib\u00fatuma a kutya. A kudurru hat\u00e1rk\u00f6veken \u00e9s domborm\u0171veken egy kutya \u00fcl tr\u00f3nja mellett vagy l\u00e1bain\u00e1l.<\/p><p>A kutya az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai k\u00e9pzetvil\u00e1gban a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1st \u00e9s a hal\u00e1lt k\u00f6t\u00f6tte \u00f6ssze: ny\u00e1l\u00e1t gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1s\u00fanak tartott\u00e1k, amit r\u00e9g\u00e9szetileg szent\u00e9lyekben tal\u00e1lt kutyacsontok \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1si sz\u00f6vegek igazolnak, amelyek a kutya ny\u00e1lja f\u00f6l\u00f6tt r\u00e1olvas\u00e1sokat mondanak el. Egy\u00fattal a kuty\u00e1k az alvil\u00e1g istens\u00e9g\u00e9nek k\u00eds\u00e9r\u0151i is voltak, \u00e9s a halottak \u00fatit\u00e1rsaik\u00e9nt k\u00e9pzelt\u00e9k el \u0151ket.<\/p>\n<p>Egy m\u00e1sik attrib\u00fatuma a lancetta vagy az orvosi p\u00e1lca. Egyes \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sokon seb\u00e9szeti eszk\u00f6zre eml\u00e9keztet\u0151 t\u00e1rgyat tart. Pecs\u00e9tnyomatokon gyakran egy beteg szem\u00e9ly el\u0151tt jelenik meg, akihez gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3n fordul.<\/p>\n<p>Sz\u00e1mos kudurru-k\u00f6v\u00f6n az \u00fcl\u0151 kutya <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jel, amely egy k\u00e9pzetet vagy jelent\u00e9st helyettes\u00edtve k\u00e9pvisel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szimb\u00f3luma<\/span> m\u00e1s asztr\u00e1lis vagy kozmikus jelek mellett t\u0171nik fel. \u00cdgy Gula a hat\u00e1rk\u00f6vek teol\u00f3giai t\u00e9rk\u00e9p\u00e9n szerves r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezte.<\/p><p>A kutyaszimbolika maradt az a megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u0151 jegy, amely egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en azonos\u00edthat\u00f3v\u00e1 tette. Az Isinb\u0151l el\u0151ker\u00fclt r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti leletek meger\u0151s\u00edtett\u00e9k a kutya ritu\u00e1lis szerep\u00e9t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusz\u00e1ban<\/span>, mivel ott kutyacsontokat k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges elrendez\u00e9sben tal\u00e1ltak.<\/p>\n<p>A templomi domborm\u0171vek Gul\u00e1t n\u00e9ha csillaggal vagy f\u00e9lholddal \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k, utalva tisztelet\u00e9nek asztr\u00e1lis dimenzi\u00f3j\u00e1ra. A gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, a csillagj\u00f3sl\u00e1s \u00e9s a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan gyakorlatok, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges cselekm\u00e9nyek vagy formul\u00e1k r\u00e9v\u00e9n k\u00edv\u00e1nnak beavatkozni az esem\u00e9nyek menet\u00e9be.\" tabindex=\"0\">var\u00e1zsl\u00e1s<\/span> kapcsolata szoros volt az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai gondolkod\u00e1sban, \u00e9s Gula gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151k\u00e9nt az asztr\u00e1lis tud\u00e1sk\u00e9szletben is helyet kapott.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b1981b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b1981b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffb7cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ffb7cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s tisztelet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d417134 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d417134\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula f\u0151kultusz\u00e1nak helysz\u00edne Isin volt, D\u00e9l-Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00e1ban. Az E-gal-mah <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szakr\u00e1lis hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9ly<\/span> az orvosok, b\u00e1b\u00e1k \u00e9s betegek gy\u00fclekez\u0151helye volt. Ott nagysz\u00e1m\u00fa agyagfogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kot tal\u00e1ltak beteg testr\u00e9szek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban, amelyek a d\u00e9l-it\u00e1liai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3kultuszok voto-aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kaihoz hasonl\u00edthat\u00f3k.<\/p><p>Ezek k\u00f6zvetlen betekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajtanak a gyakorlatba: a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szem\u00e9ly, aki vall\u00e1si ind\u00edttat\u00e1sb\u00f3l utaz\u00e1st tesz egy szent helyre.\" tabindex=\"0\">zar\u00e1ndokok<\/span> beteg szemek, v\u00e9gtagok vagy hasr\u00e9szek modelljeit aj\u00e1nlott\u00e1k fel neki a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s rem\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p>Nippurban <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">temploma<\/span> az E-mah volt, ahol az orvosok test\u00fclete gy\u00fclekezett.<\/p><p>Az \u00fajassz\u00edrban az orvos k\u00f6zkelet\u0171 megnevez\u00e9se, az asu, az \u0151 funkci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l ered. Sipparban Ninkarrak nev\u00e9n tisztelt\u00e9k, Babil\u00f3nban az E-galmahban. Borsipp\u00e1ban, Babil\u00f3n testv\u00e9rv\u00e1ros\u00e1ban Nabu, az \u00edr\u00e1s isten\u00e9nek k\u00eds\u00e9r\u0151istenn\u0151jek\u00e9nt kapott helyet.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kultusza<\/span> k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a n\u0151k \u00e9s az orvosok k\u00f6r\u00e9ben volt n\u00e9pszer\u0171. Az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai \u00e9s \u00fajassz\u00edr kori r\u00e1olvas\u00e1ssz\u00f6vegek sz\u00fcl\u00e9sek, l\u00e1z, k\u00edgy\u00f3mar\u00e1s \u00e9s lelki zavarok eset\u00e9n sz\u00f3l\u00edtj\u00e1k meg. Assurbanip\u00e1l kir\u00e1lyi k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r\u00e1nak r\u00e1olvas\u00e1sgy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyei sz\u00e1mos sz\u00f6veget tartalmaznak, amelyekben Gul\u00e1t Mardukkal, E\u00e1val \u00e9s Samass\u00e1l egy\u00fctt h\u00edvj\u00e1k seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00fcl gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenk\u00e9nt.<\/p>\n<p>A beteg \u00e1gy\u00e1n\u00e1l v\u00e9gzett r\u00e1olvas\u00e1si gyakorlat gyakran t\u00f6bb l\u00e9pcs\u0151b\u0151l \u00e1llt. El\u0151sz\u00f6r az asipu, a r\u00e1olvas\u00f3pap, formulaszer\u0171en megsz\u00f3l\u00edtotta Gul\u00e1t. Ezt k\u00f6vett\u00e9k konkr\u00e9t utas\u00edt\u00e1sok, gyakran gy\u00f3gyn\u00f6v\u00e9nykever\u00e9kekkel vagy ritu\u00e1lis cselekm\u00e9nyekkel, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a gyapj\u00fafonal v\u00e9gigh\u00faz\u00e1sa a testen, amelyet azt\u00e1n el\u00e9gettek, hogy a betegs\u00e9get jelk\u00e9pesen megsemmis\u00edts\u00e9k.<\/p><p>Ez a gyakorlat, amelyet gyakran a kuty\u00e1val mint ritu\u00e1lis \u00e1llattal k\u00f6t\u00f6ttek \u00f6ssze, t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z agyagt\u00e1bl\u00e1n van dokument\u00e1lva.<\/p>\n<p>Az \u00fajassz\u00edr korban Gula \u00e1llami tisztelete n\u00f6vekedett. Assurbanip\u00e1l lem\u00e1soltatta sz\u00f6vegeit \u00e9s k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r\u00e1ba v\u00e9tette fel. Kir\u00e1lyi n\u0151k is szem\u00e9lyes fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kokat hoztak neki, ami az istenn\u0151nek a sz\u00fcl\u00e9ssel \u00e9s az anyas\u00e1ggal val\u00f3 kapcsolat\u00e1t hangs\u00falyozza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0450dcc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0450dcc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66dcc1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66dcc1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fontos m\u00edtoszok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0da6404 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0da6404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula az elbesz\u00e9l\u0151 sz\u00f6vegekben ritk\u00e1bban szerepel, mint Inanna vagy Marduk. Legfontosabb sz\u00f6vege a &#8222;Bullussa-rabi-himnusz&#8221;, az istenn\u0151 200 soros nagy \u00f6n\u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa.<\/p><p>Ebben Anu le\u00e1nyak\u00e9nt, Ninurta feles\u00e9gek\u00e9nt, a nagy istenek orvosak\u00e9nt, a n\u00e9pek b\u00e1b\u00e1jak\u00e9nt \u00e9s a gyeng\u00e9k igazs\u00e1gos v\u00e9delmez\u0151jek\u00e9nt mutatkozik be. A himnusz vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szempontb\u00f3l figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3, mert lez\u00e1rja a sok gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 Gula nev\u00e9n val\u00f3 teol\u00f3giai konszolid\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Az Anzu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtoszban<\/span> Gula nem szerepel k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl, de a k\u00e9s\u0151i v\u00e1ltozatokban Ninurta gy\u0151zelme ut\u00e1n egy\u00fctt eml\u00edtik vele, \u00e9s r\u00e9szt vesz a diadal \u00fcnnep\u00e9n. Ez a kapcsolat beilleszti \u0151t a kozmikus h\u0151seposzba, \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u0151i \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9st teremt az Anzu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosszal<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Egy kisebb elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1mol be, hogy Gula kuty\u00e1ja egyszer megbetegedett. Az istenn\u0151nek mag\u00e1nak kellett seg\u00edteni rajta, felhaszn\u00e1lva gy\u00f3gyn\u00f6v\u00e9nyei k\u00f6z\u00fcl t\u00f6bbet.<\/p><p>Ebb\u0151l a f\u00e1jdalomb\u00f3l, mint mondj\u00e1k, n\u0151tt ki gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge, mivel a szenved\u00e9st el\u0151sz\u00f6r saj\u00e1t \u00e1llat\u00e1n tapasztalta meg. Ez az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s, amely n\u00e9h\u00e1ny t\u00f6red\u00e9kben maradt fenn, emp\u00e1tikus jellemet k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6z az istenn\u0151nek, megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztetve \u0151t a tiszt\u00e1n jogi-b\u00fcntet\u0151 istens\u00e9gekt\u0151l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f96a216 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f96a216\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8fdd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc8fdd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapcsolatok a panteonban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b98975f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b98975f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula Ninurt\u00e1val van egybekelve, aki harcos- \u00e9s ek\u00e9isten. Mindketten kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 p\u00e1rt alkotnak, amelyben a harcias felfordul\u00e1s \u00e9s a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dik. Damuval, egy fiatalabb gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istennel \u00e9s fi\u00e1val, szoros csal\u00e1di kapcsolatban \u00e1ll. Damut gyakran Gula ut\u00f3dj\u00e1nak tekintik a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3i funkci\u00f3ban.<\/p>\n<p>Ninisin\u00e1val, Bauval \u00e9s Ninkarrakkal kultikusan \u00f6sszeolvadt, ami az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai kor teol\u00f3giai konszolid\u00e1ci\u00f3s folyamat\u00e1t szeml\u00e9lteti. Mardukkal, Babil\u00f3n birodalmi isten\u00e9vel kultikus egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si viszonyban \u00e1ll: az orvosi r\u00e1olvas\u00e1sokban mindkett\u0151j\u00fcket gyakran egy\u00fctt sz\u00f3l\u00edtj\u00e1k meg, mivel Marduk a babil\u00f3niai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/span> egyre k\u00f6zpontibb szerepet kapott \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3i funkci\u00f3kat is mag\u00e1ba olvasztott.<\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1gabb <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonban<\/span> Gul\u00e1nak kapcsolatai vannak Samasssal, a napisten \u00e9s a jog isten\u00e9vel, valamint E\u00e1val, a b\u00f6lcsess\u00e9g isten\u00e9vel. Az E\u00e1val val\u00f3 kapcsolat k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen szoros, mivel \u0151 a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s kozmikus tan\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edt, Gula pedig f\u00f6ldi megfelel\u0151jek\u00e9nt funkcion\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Gula az An teol\u00f3giai list\u00e1ban Ninkarrakkal van egyenl\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve, egy akk\u00e1d gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151vel, akit a Hammurabi-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fel\u00e1ll\u00f3, felirattal vagy k\u00e9ppel ell\u00e1tott k\u0151- vagy fat\u00e1bla.\" tabindex=\"0\">szt\u00e9l\u00e9<\/span> \u00e1tokkit\u00e9teleiben orvosi b\u00fcntet\u00e9sek c\u00edmzettjek\u00e9nt neveznek meg.<\/p><p>F\u00e9rje Pabilsag, egy harcos- \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3isten, akit a k\u00e9s\u0151 babil\u00f3niai csillag\u00e1szatban a Nyilas csillagk\u00e9ppel azonos\u00edtanak. A gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 \u00e9s a harcos \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1sa Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00e1ra jellemz\u0151 konstellation, amelyben a v\u00e9delem \u00e9s az agresszivit\u00e1s ugyanabban az istenp\u00e1rban egyes\u00fcl.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9rdekes k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges eset a Gula-Ist\u00e1r azonos\u00edt\u00e1s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny k\u00e9s\u0151 babil\u00f3niai himnuszban, amelyek a k\u00e9t istenn\u0151t egyetlen n\u0151i hatalom aspektusaik\u00e9nt pr\u00f3b\u00e1lj\u00e1k meg felfogni. Ez az \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1s vitatott, \u00e9s a k\u00e9s\u0151i teol\u00f3giai spekul\u00e1ci\u00f3 k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges eset\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edt, amely a n\u00f6vekv\u0151 Marduk-monolatria hat\u00e1sa alatt a f\u0151bb n\u0151i istens\u00e9geket is egys\u00e9ges\u00edteni k\u00edv\u00e1nta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cc258e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cc258e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15cc1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f15cc1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s hat\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa97ec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa97ec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gula <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak vall\u00e1si tisztelet\u00e9nek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusza<\/span> a babiloni magaskult\u00fara pusztul\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9rt v\u00e9get a szeleukida korszakban. Gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 sz\u00f6vegeit azonban tov\u00e1bbra is m\u00e1solt\u00e1k, \u00e9s a hellenisztikus vil\u00e1g k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1raiban \u0151rizt\u00e9k. A 19. \u00e9s 20. sz\u00e1zadi szumerol\u00f3giai kutat\u00e1sok a mezopot\u00e1miai orvost\u00f6rt\u00e9net k\u00f6zponti alakjak\u00e9nt rekonstru\u00e1lt\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<p>A modern orvost\u00f6rt\u00e9netben Gul\u00e1t a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s egyik legkor\u00e1bbi dokument\u00e1lt v\u00e9d\u0151istenn\u0151jek\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon. Az isinb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 domborm\u0171vek sz\u00e1mos orvost\u00f6rt\u00e9neti tank\u00f6nyvben megjelennek. A kutya vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9ben fontos hivatkoz\u00e1si alakk\u00e9nt szerepel, aki a kutya kett\u0151s funkci\u00f3j\u00e1t testes\u00edti meg: gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 k\u00eds\u00e9r\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9s a halottak k\u00eds\u00e9r\u0151jek\u00e9nt.<\/p>\n<p>A popul\u00e1ris kult\u00far\u00e1ban Gula ma ritk\u00e1n t\u0171nik fel, az \u00f3kori keleti orvosl\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 sz\u00f6vegekben \u00e9s a sz\u00fcl\u00e9szet t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9t vizsg\u00e1l\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyokban azonban k\u00f6zponti hivatkoz\u00e1si alak. Kutya-szimbolik\u00e1j\u00e1nak \u00e9s a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi, kuty\u00e1val \u00e1br\u00e1zolt gy\u00f3gyistenek (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Aszkl\u00e9piosz k\u00edgy\u00f3val \u00e9s kuty\u00e1val a g\u00f6r\u00f6g vil\u00e1gban) kapcsolat\u00e1t az \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyban vitatj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<p>A hellenisztikus Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00e1ban Gul\u00e1t Hekat\u00e9val azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan gyakorlatok, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges cselekedetekkel vagy formul\u00e1kkal k\u00edv\u00e1nnak beavatkozni az esem\u00e9nyek menet\u00e9be.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gia<\/span> \u00e9s a kuty\u00e1k g\u00f6r\u00f6g istenn\u0151j\u00e9vel. Ez az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s epigr\u00e1fiailag igazolt szeleukida kori feliratokban Urukb\u00f3l, f\u0151k\u00e9nt egy i. e. 3. sz\u00e1zadi k\u00e9tnyelv\u0171 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1ll\u00f3, felirattal vagy k\u00e9ppel ell\u00e1tott k\u0151- vagy falap.\" tabindex=\"0\">szt\u00e9l\u00e9n<\/span>. A k\u00f6z\u00f6s von\u00e1s a kutya-attrib\u00fatumban \u00e9s az \u00e9jjel v\u00e9gzett gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 funkci\u00f3ban rejlik.<\/p><p>Walter Burkert a &#8222;Babylon, Memphis, Persepolis&#8221; c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben felv\u00e1zolta a vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti vonalat Gul\u00e1t\u00f3l Hekat\u00e9n \u00e1t a k\u00e9s\u0151i Dian\u00e1ig.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Az orvost\u00f6rt\u00e9netben Gul\u00e1t a legkor\u00e1bbi, n\u00e9vvel ismert gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151k\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon, aki egy \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 szakm\u00e1t patron\u00e1lt. Az \u0151 tisztelete a gy\u00f6kere a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi Aszkl\u00e9piosz-Hippokrat\u00e9sz-komplexumnak, amelyet Vivian Nutton r\u00e9szletesen kifejtett az &#8222;Ancient Medicine&#8221; (2004) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban.<\/span><\/p><p>A mai orvost\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kutat\u00e1s a Gula-hagyom\u00e1nyt a g\u00f6r\u00f6g gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3m\u0171v\u00e9szet el\u0151t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek fontos elemek\u00e9nt \u00e9rt\u00e9keli, konkr\u00e9t nyomokkal a farmakol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban \u00e9s a diagnosztik\u00e1ban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94697bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"94697bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e259579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e259579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos besorol\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7c31b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7c31b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thorkild Jacobsen Gul\u00e1t a nagy n\u0151i v\u00e9d\u0151istenn\u0151k k\u00f6r\u00e9be sorolja, akiknek funkci\u00f3ja az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai korban a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1sra \u00e9s a sz\u00fcl\u00e9sre \u00f6sszpontosult. Ninisin\u00e1val val\u00f3 \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1s\u00e1ban egy tipikus konszolid\u00e1ci\u00f3s folyamatot l\u00e1t, amelynek sor\u00e1n t\u00f6bb v\u00e1rosistenn\u0151 egyetlen birodalomszerte \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes alakk\u00e1 olvadt \u00f6ssze.<\/p>\n<p>Jean Bott\u00e9ro hangs\u00falyozza kultusz\u00e1nak t\u00e1rsadalmi funkci\u00f3j\u00e1t. Gula egy eg\u00e9sz szakmai r\u00e9teg, az asu \u00e9s az asipu, vagyis az orvosi-ritu\u00e1lis szakemberek v\u00e9dn\u00f6ke volt. E szakmai r\u00e9tegnek a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templommal<\/span> val\u00f3 kapcsolata az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai t\u00e1rsadalom fontos struktur\u00e1lis \u00f6sszetev\u0151je volt.<\/p>\n<p>Stefan Maul a j\u00f3sl\u00e1s \u00e9s a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan gyakorlatok, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges cselekm\u00e9nyek vagy formul\u00e1k r\u00e9v\u00e9n k\u00edv\u00e1nnak beavatkozni az esem\u00e9nyek menet\u00e9be.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gia<\/span> t\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1ban \u00edrt tanulm\u00e1nyaiban dokument\u00e1lta a Gula-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusz<\/span> \u00e9s a r\u00e1olvas\u00e1si gyakorlat szoros \u00f6sszefon\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1t. Walther Sallaberger \u00e9s Andrew George r\u00e9g\u00e9szetileg \u00e9s sz\u00f6vegkritikailag rekonstru\u00e1lta az isinben \u00e9s nippurban folytatott templomi kultuszt.<\/p><p>Wilfred Lambert kritikailag kiadta \u00e9s komment\u00e1lta a &#8222;Bullussa-rabi-himnuszt&#8221;. A kutat\u00e1s Gul\u00e1ban az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s vall\u00e1s meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9nek egyik legfontosabb kulcs\u00e1t l\u00e1tja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4ff51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e4ff51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c92749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c92749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Gula-himnusz Bullussa-rabit\u00f3l<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c65e523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c65e523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az istenn\u0151r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 legjelent\u0151sebb irodalmi sz\u00f6veg a Bullussa-rabi nagy Gula-himnusza, amelynek szerz\u0151je egy n\u00e9vr\u0151l ismert, a k\u00f6z\u00e9pbabil\u00f3niai korb\u00f3l, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a Kr. e. 12. sz\u00e1zadb\u00f3l val\u00f3 \u00edr\u00e1stud\u00f3 n\u0151. A 200 soros sz\u00f6veg t\u00f6bb p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyban maradt fenn; a legfontosabb t\u00e1bl\u00e1k Assur, Ninive \u00e9s Babil\u00f3n k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1raib\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaznak.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A himnuszt el\u0151sz\u00f6r 1967-ben adta ki Wilfred G. Lambert az Orientalia 36. k\u00f6tet\u00e9ben, \u00e1tfog\u00f3 komment\u00e1rral \u00e9s ford\u00edt\u00e1ssal. A sz\u00f6veg \u00f6npredik\u00e1ci\u00f3 st\u00edlus\u00e1ban \u00edr\u00f3dott, amelyben Gula els\u0151 szem\u00e9lyben sz\u00f3l tulajdons\u00e1gair\u00f3l, hatalm\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3i funkci\u00f3ir\u00f3l.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Bullussa-rabi az istenn\u0151t nevei \u00e9s funkci\u00f3i enciklop\u00e9dikus felsorol\u00e1s\u00e1ban mutatja be. \u0150 Belet-ili, az istenek \u00farn\u0151je, Nintinugga, Bauu \u00e9s Ninisinna, akit Sumer k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 v\u00e1rosaiban tiszteltek.<\/p><p>Ez a region\u00e1lis istenn\u0151k egyetlen domin\u00e1ns n\u00e9v alatti egybef\u0171z\u00e9se a mezopot\u00e1miai szinkretisztikus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja, amelyben a helyi kultuszok egy f\u0151n\u00e9v alatt egyes\u00fcltek. A himnusz vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen fontos, mert a sz\u00e1mos gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 egyetlen Gula-alakk\u00e1 val\u00f3 teol\u00f3giai integr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t hagyom\u00e1nyozza r\u00e1nk.<\/p>\n<p>Tartalmilag a himnusz Gula orvosi tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00edrja le. \u0150 &#8222;a nagy orvos, aki a panaszt \u00f6r\u00f6mre ford\u00edtja&#8221;, &#8222;megnyugtatja a sebet, bek\u00f6tve azt&#8221;, &#8222;visszak\u00fcldi a halottat az \u00e9letbe&#8221;.<\/p><p>Ez ut\u00f3bbi fordulat hiperbolikus, de \u00e9rz\u00e9kelteti a tulajdon\u00edtott gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3er\u0151 terjedelm\u00e9t. K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges hely a gy\u00f3gyn\u00f6v\u00e9nyek felsorol\u00e1sa, amelyek pontos botanikai azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa a modern kutat\u00e1snak neh\u00e9zs\u00e9get okoz. Stefan Maul komment\u00e1lta ezt a gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9szeti r\u00e9szt a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyaiban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeaf646 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aeaf646\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70447b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70447b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isin \u00e9s a templomr\u00e9g\u00e9szet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-701828f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"701828f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Gula-kultusz f\u0151k\u00f6zpontja Isin volt, az als\u00f3 Eufr\u00e1tesz melletti v\u00e1ros, amelynek az istenn\u0151nek szentelt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">temploma<\/span> az E-gal-mah, azaz a &#8222;nagy fens\u00e9ges palota&#8221; nevet viselte.<\/p><p>A v\u00e1ros vir\u00e1gkor\u00e1t a Kr. e. 20-19. sz\u00e1zadban \u00e9lte az Isin-dinasztia alatt, amelynek kir\u00e1lyai magukat &#8222;Ninisinna h\u00e1z\u00e1b\u00f3l&#8221; (azaz Gula \u00e1ltal) v\u00e1lasztottnak nevezt\u00e9k. Lipit-Ist\u00e1r \u00e9s Enlil-bani \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si feliratai kiterjedt alap\u00edtv\u00e1nyokat dokument\u00e1lnak, k\u00f6zt\u00fck templomfel\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokat, szoborszentel\u00e9seket \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3helyek berendez\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p>Az isinben 1973 \u00e9s 1989 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt Barthel Hrouda vezette n\u00e9met \u00e1sat\u00e1s nagyr\u00e9szt felt\u00e1rta az E-gal-mah-t. A templomudvaron egy kutat tal\u00e1ltak, amelybe gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s ut\u00e1n kutyafigur\u00e1kat dobtak fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kk\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>Az \u00e1sat\u00f3k t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z terrakotta kuty\u00e1t mentettek ki, amelyeket \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t helyeztek a v\u00edzbe. Ez a szokatlan forr\u00e1sanyag meger\u0151s\u00edti a himnuszban eml\u00edtett kutyaszimbolik\u00e1t, \u00e9s betekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajt a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1st keres\u0151k n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n<p>Egy m\u00e1sodik nagy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szakr\u00e1lis hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9ly<\/span> \u00e1llt Nippurban, egy harmadik Babil\u00f3nban, ahol Gula a k\u00e9s\u0151 babil\u00f3niai korban az \u00e1llamteol\u00f3gia szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l k\u00f6zponti gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt. II. Nebukadnec\u00e1r templomfeliratai az istenn\u0151t egy s\u00falyos betegs\u00e9g ut\u00e1ni kir\u00e1lyi felgy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s adom\u00e1nyoz\u00f3jak\u00e9nt nevezik meg.<\/p><p>Az assz\u00edriai Assur v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban is \u00e1llt egy E-gal-mah, amelyet Szanh\u00e9rib \u00e9s Assurbanip\u00e1l \u00faj\u00edtott fel. Ez a feletti region\u00e1lis jelenl\u00e9t Gul\u00e1t az \u00f6sszamezopot\u00e1miai f\u0151istenek egyik\u00e9v\u00e9 teszi, hat\u00e1s\u00e1ban Ist\u00e1rhoz vagy Mardukhoz hasonl\u00edthat\u00f3an.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bee2eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bee2eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f24822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f24822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A kutya mint attrib\u00fatum \u00e9s a fogadalmi gyakorlat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83d8f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83d8f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A kutya Gula legfontosabb attrib\u00fatuma, ami a mezopot\u00e1miai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonban<\/span> egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3. M\u00e1s istenek bika, oroszl\u00e1n vagy s\u00e1rk\u00e1ny k\u00eds\u00e9r\u0151vel rendelkeznek, de csak Gul\u00e1nak van kuty\u00e1ja \u00e1llatk\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>A k\u00f6z\u00e9pbabil\u00f3niai kor legt\u00f6bb kudurru-domborm\u0171v\u00e9n, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a Meli-Sipak kudurruj\u00e1n (Kr. e. 12. sz\u00e1zad), tr\u00f3nol\u00f3 alakban jelenik meg, l\u00e1bain\u00e1l \u00fcl\u0151 kuty\u00e1val. Ez a k\u00e9pi hagyom\u00e1ny II. Nebukadnec\u00e1r babil\u00f3ni m\u00e1zas t\u00e9glain is adatolt.<\/p>\n<p>A kutyaszimbolika vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg \u00f6sszetett. A kuty\u00e1k Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00e1ban egyr\u00e9szt tiszt\u00e1talanok \u00e9s f\u00e9lelmetesek, m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt a k\u00fcsz\u00f6b \u0151rz\u0151i. A gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1sban a kutya val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e1llat szerep\u00e9t t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte be, amelynek ny\u00e1l\u00e1t \u00e9s sebnyal\u00e1s\u00e1t a n\u00e9pi orvosl\u00e1sban sebgy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3nak tartott\u00e1k.<\/p><p>Beate Pongratz-Leisten a babil\u00f3niai vall\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyaiban felh\u00edvta a figyelmet a kutya kett\u0151s \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9re, amelyet egyszerre tartottak tiszt\u00e1nak \u00e9s tiszt\u00e1talannak. Karen Radner is t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1ny\u00e1ban vizsg\u00e1lta a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 r\u00edtus \u00e9s a kutyatisztelet k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>A fogadalmi gyakorlat az agyagkuty\u00e1k mellett beteg testr\u00e9szek modelljeit is mag\u00e1ban foglalta. Templom\u00e1sat\u00e1sokon kezek, l\u00e1bak, szemek \u00e9s nemi szervek agyagm\u00e1solatait tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k, amelyeket a betegek k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kk\u00e9nt hoztak.<\/p><p>Ennek a gyakorlatnak k\u00f6zvetlen p\u00e1rhuzamai vannak a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9piosz-templomokban, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Epidauroszban, ahol a meggy\u00f3gyultak agyagv\u00e9gtagokat hagytak h\u00e1tra. A k\u00f6zvetlen vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti folytonoss\u00e1g vitatott, de egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en nem igazolhat\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7fc9ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7fc9ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-191afcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"191afcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s szakirodalom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2819763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2819763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00e9s r\u00f3mai kult\u00fara korszaka, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl Kr. e. 800-t\u00f3l Kr. u. 600-ig.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antik<\/span> forr\u00e1sok: a Gul\u00e1hoz sz\u00f3l\u00f3 &#8222;Bullussa-rabi-himnusz&#8221;, orvosi \u00e9s r\u00e1olvas\u00e1ssz\u00f6vegek az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai \u00e9s \u00fajassz\u00edr korb\u00f3l, feliratok Isinb\u0151l, Nippurb\u00f3l \u00e9s Sipparb\u00f3l, himnuszok Ninisin\u00e1hoz \u00e9s Ninkarr\u00e1khoz, az Anzu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span> k\u00e9s\u0151i v\u00e1ltozatai.<\/p>\n<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Jean Bott\u00e9ro, &#8222;Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods&#8221;, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Markham Geller, &#8222;Ancient Babylonian Medicine&#8221;, Oxford 2010.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Tov\u00e1bbi alapm\u0171vek az <a href=\"\/hu\/literatur\/\">irodalomjegyz\u00e9kben<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gula, a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s babil\u00f3niai istenn\u0151je Gula a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s babil\u00f3niai istenn\u0151je, akit a kuty\u00e1k \u00farn\u0151jek\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolnak, \u00e9s akinek \u00e1llata a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s jelk\u00e9pe. Gula az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai vall\u00e1s legfontosabb gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151je. Els\u0151sorban az \u00f3babil\u00f3niai \u00e9s az \u00fajassz\u00edr korban tisztelt\u00e9k, \u00e9s a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, az orvosok, valamint a b\u00e1b\u00e1k v\u00e9dn\u00f6kek\u00e9nt tartott\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon. Attrib\u00fatuma a kutya, amely az \u00f3kori mezopot\u00e1miai k\u00e9pzetvil\u00e1gban [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3251,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gula","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gula - Babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 \u00e9s a kuty\u00e1k \u00farn\u0151je | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-53188","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gula - Babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 \u00e9s a kuty\u00e1k \u00farn\u0151je | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gula\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-30T15:18:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Becs\u00fclt olvas\u00e1si id\u0151\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"17 perc\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gula - Babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 \u00e9s a kuty\u00e1k \u00farn\u0151je | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-30T15:18:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-30T15:18:44+00:00\",\"description\":\"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hu\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/fooldal\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gula\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"hu\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Gula\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-30T15:18:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-30T15:18:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3379,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/hu\\\/gula\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"hu\",\"description\":\"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gula - Babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 \u00e9s a kuty\u00e1k \u00farn\u0151je | iWell Guard","description":"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/","og_locale":"hu_HU","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gula","og_description":"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-07-30T15:18:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Becs\u00fclt olvas\u00e1si id\u0151":"17 perc"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gula","datePublished":"2026-07-30T15:18:18+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-30T15:18:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/"},"wordCount":3379,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","inLanguage":"hu","description":"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/","name":"Gula - Babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3istenn\u0151 \u00e9s a kuty\u00e1k \u00farn\u0151je | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","datePublished":"2026-07-30T15:18:18+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-30T15:18:44+00:00","description":"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"hu","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hu","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/fooldal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gula"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"hu"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hu","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hu","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gula","datePublished":"2026-07-30T15:18:18+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-30T15:18:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/"},"wordCount":3379,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gula\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp","inLanguage":"hu","description":"Gula a babil\u00f3niai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s, orvosl\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s istenn\u0151je. \u00c1llata a kutya. M\u00edtosz, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s az Esabad-templom."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53188"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53195,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53188\/revisions\/53195"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}