{"id":52708,"date":"2026-07-30T14:41:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/zombi-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:41:42","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:41:42","slug":"zombi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/zombi\/","title":{"rendered":"Zombi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52708\" class=\"elementor elementor-52708 elementor-2171\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zombi, a haiti hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Zombi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span> a haiti hagyom\u00e1nyban.<\/p><p><strong>A test l\u00e9lek n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, az \u00e9l\u0151 s\u00edr.<\/strong><\/p><p>A Zombi a haiti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3rban<\/span> egy lelk\u00e9t\u0151l megfosztott halott.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Szellem: Testn\u00e9lk\u00fcli vagy f\u00e9lig testi l\u00e9ny, elhunyt szem\u00e9ly, term\u00e9szeti l\u00e9ny, h\u00e1zi szellem vagy k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u0151r. A mindennapi \u00e9letben hat, gyakran helyekhez vagy csal\u00e1dokhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik.\">Szellem<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/vodou\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Haiti-nyugat-afrikai Vodou-hagyom\u00e1ny Lwa-l\u00e9nyekkel, vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg Nyugat-Afrik\u00e1b\u00f3l a Karib-t\u00e9rs\u00e9gbe v\u00e1ndorolt.\">Vodou<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_vodou_zombi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1771\" alt=\"Zombi - Geister aus der Vodou-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_vodou_zombi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_vodou_zombi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_vodou_zombi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_vodou_zombi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zombi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1ttekint\u00e9s: Zombi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00edpus:<\/strong> Vodou-r\u00e9malakok: lelk\u00e9t\u0151l megfosztott halott, akit egy Bokor kelt \u00e9letre<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Vodou (Haiti), nem Loa, hanem a fekete m\u00e1gia gyakorlat\u00e1nak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozata<\/span><br>Funkci\u00f3: a Bokor akaratn\u00e9lk\u00fcli szolg\u00e1ja (a hagyom\u00e1nyos elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sben); figyelmeztet\u00e9s a t\u00e1rsadalmi rabszolgas\u00e1g vesz\u00e9ly\u00e9re<br>F\u0151 attrib\u00fatumok: \u00fcres szemek, mechanikus mozg\u00e1s, egyenes testtart\u00e1s, kifejez\u00e9stelen arc<br>F\u0151 kultuszhelyek: nincsenek, a Zombi a n\u00e9phagyom\u00e1ny r\u00e9malakja, nem kultuszt\u00e1rgy<br>Nyugati popkultur\u00e1lis adapt\u00e1ci\u00f3: er\u0151sen torz\u00edtott (hollywoodi \u201eZombie&#8221; 1968-t\u00f3l)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A sz\u00f6vegek korszaka<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Zombi-k\u00e9pzet Haitiban nyugat-afrikai gy\u00f6kerekkel rendelkezik (kong\u00f3i\/kong\u00f3i-joruba hagyom\u00e1ny). Fejlett form\u00e1j\u00e1ban a gyarmati Saint-Domingue-ban alakul ki, a rabszolgas\u00e1g elleni reakci\u00f3k\u00e9nt: a <em>Zombi<\/em> a rabszolga legt\u00f6k\u00e9letesebb megtestes\u00edt\u0151je, akit\u0151l elvett\u00e9k az akarat\u00e1t.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Az etnogr\u00e1fiai r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9s a 19. sz.-ban kezd\u0151dik; tudom\u00e1nyos figyelem az 1980-as \u00e9vekt\u0151l, f\u0151k\u00e9nt Wade Davis vitatott tanulm\u00e1nya, a <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985) nyom\u00e1n, amely a tetrodotoxin-hipot\u00e9zist n\u00e9pszer\u0171s\u00edtette.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fclet<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Zombi-elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek Haiti minden vid\u00e9ki r\u00e9gi\u00f3j\u00e1ban jelen vannak, mint figyelmezet\u0151 t\u00f6rt\u00e9netek a Bokokkal (fekete m\u00e1gikus Vodou-gyakorl\u00f3k) szemben \u00e9s mint t\u00e1rsadalmi int\u0151 sz\u00f3. Az akt\u00edv Zombi-\u00e9lm\u00e9nybesz\u00e1mol\u00f3k ritk\u00e1k \u00e9s nehezen ellen\u0151rizhet\u0151k; egyes dokument\u00e1lt esetekre (Clairvius Narcisse, 1962) tudom\u00e1nyos figyelem ir\u00e1nyult. A popkult\u00far\u00e1ban vil\u00e1gszerte elterjedt, de alig kapcsol\u00f3dik m\u00e1r a haiti gy\u00f6kerekhez.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1shelyzet<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>K\u00f6zponti forr\u00e1sok: Maya Deren <em>Divine Horsemen<\/em> (utal\u00e1s), Wade Davis <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985, populariz\u00e1lva \u00e9s t\u00falz\u00e1sokkal, tudom\u00e1nyosan vitatott), Davis ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151 <em>Passage of Darkness<\/em> (1988, kritikusabb szeml\u00e9let\u0171), Hans-Ulrich Sch\u00e4cht <em>Zombi-Komplex<\/em> c. m\u0171ve. Vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg: M\u00e9traux <em>Le Vaudou ha\u00eftien<\/em>; Hurbon, <em>Voodoo: Search for the Spirit<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elnevez\u00e9s \u00e9s v\u00e1ltozatok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Zombit \u00e9l\u0151k\u00e9nt, de kisz\u00e1radt, lass\u00fa, \u00fcres tekintet\u0171 \u00e9s monoton hang\u00fa alakk\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k. Mozg\u00e1sa merev, teste boml\u00f3 vagy elkorhadt. A popul\u00e1ris filmekben a Zombi h\u00fasev\u0151 sz\u00f6rnyeteg, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3rban<\/span> azonban rendszerint hallgatagon engedelmesked\u0151 rabszolga, aki akarat n\u00e9lk\u00fcl hajtja v\u00e9gre a parancsokat.<\/p><p>Sem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan gyakorlatok, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges cselekm\u00e9nyek vagy formul\u00e1k r\u00e9v\u00e9n k\u00edv\u00e1nnak beavatkozni az esem\u00e9nyek menet\u00e9be.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gia<\/span>, sem term\u00e9szetfeletti er\u0151, csup\u00e1n testi l\u00e9t bels\u0151 jelenl\u00e9t n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. A Zombi az \u00e9l\u0151 ember ellent\u00e9tk\u00e9pe, erk\u00f6lcsi b\u0171n\u00f6k vagy \u00e9letbeli ellens\u00e9gesked\u00e9s b\u00fcntet\u00e9se.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Zombi (haiti-kreol <em>zonbi<\/em>, a kong\u00f3i <em>nzambi<\/em> sz\u00f3b\u00f3l: \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>&#8222;, \u201eisten&#8221;) a haiti Vodouban egy olyan ember, akit egy <em>Bokor<\/em> (fekete m\u00e1gus) akaratn\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00e9l\u0151holt\u00e1 v\u00e1ltoztatott.<\/p><p>Antropol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l a kutat\u00e1s k\u00e9t t\u00edpust k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet meg: a <em>Zombi cadavre<\/em>-t (test-zombi, tetrodotoxin\/dat\u00fara-kever\u00e9kkel l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lagos hal\u00e1lba k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtve, majd rabszolgak\u00e9nt \u201efelt\u00e1masztva&#8221;) \u00e9s a <em>Zombi astral<\/em>-t (l\u00e9lek-zombi, amelyn\u00e9l a <em>ti bon ange<\/em> lelket elv\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k \u00e9s agyaged\u00e9nybe z\u00e1rj\u00e1k).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Wade Davis a farmakol\u00f3giai gyakorlatot a <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985) c. m\u0171v\u00e9ben dokument\u00e1lta, b\u00e1r k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9sei vitatottak maradtak (v\u00f6. M\u00e9traux, <em>Voodoo in Haiti<\/em>; Hurbon).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adatlap: Zombi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Zombi legfontosabb szempontjai egy pillant\u00e1sra. Az al\u00e1bbi mez\u0151k \u00f6sszefoglalj\u00e1k az eredetet, a funkci\u00f3t, a megjelen\u00e9st, a \u201etiszteletet&#8221; (val\u00f3j\u00e1ban: ker\u00fcl\u00e9st), a szimb\u00f3lumokat \u00e9s a p\u00e1rhuzamokat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultur\u00e1lis kontextus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A hagyom\u00e1nyos haiti elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s szerint a Zombit egy <em>Bokor<\/em> (fekete m\u00e1gikus Vodou-gyakorl\u00f3) hozza l\u00e9tre: az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozatot<\/span> egy porral (Davis elm\u00e9lete szerint tetrodotoxin-tartalm\u00fa, g\u00f6mbhalb\u00f3l nyert) l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lagos hal\u00e1lba k\u00e9nyszer\u00edti, eltemeti, majd napok m\u00falva ki\u00e1ssa \u00e9s akaratn\u00e9lk\u00fcli szolgak\u00e9nt tartja.<\/p><p>A lelket, a <em>ti bon ange<\/em>-t (a kis j\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Az \u00e1brah\u00e1mi vall\u00e1sokban Isten mennyei h\u00edrn\u00f6ke.\" tabindex=\"0\">angyal<\/span>t) elv\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k a testt\u0151l, \u00e9s a Bokor egy \u00fcvegben \u0151rzi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hat\u00e1ster\u00fclet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Funkcion\u00e1lisan a Zombi akaratn\u00e9lk\u00fcli munk\u00e1s, a rabszolgas\u00e1g v\u00e9gs\u0151 fokozata. Egy Bokor t\u00f6bb Zombit tart, \u00e9s mez\u0151in dolgoztatja \u0151ket.<\/p><p>Szoci\u00e1lfiloz\u00f3fiai \u00e9rtelemben a Zombi figyelmeztet\u00e9s: a hal\u00e1l ut\u00e1ni sors rosszabb lehet mag\u00e1n\u00e1l a hal\u00e1ln\u00e1l, ha valaki egy Bokor hatalm\u00e1ba ker\u00fcl. A modern diskurzusban gyakran a lelketlen fogyaszt\u00f3i l\u00e9t alleg\u00f3ri\u00e1jak\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alak<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sov\u00e1ny, kifejez\u00e9stelen f\u00e9rfialak \u00fcres szemekkel (gyakran feh\u00e9res, \u00fcveges tekintet), lelassult mechanikus mozg\u00e1ssal, egyenes j\u00e1r\u00e1ssal, piszkos-szakadt ruh\u00e1ban. B\u0151rsz\u00edne gyakran s\u00e1padt-sz\u00fcrk\u00e9s. Nem tud besz\u00e9lni, legfeljebb dadogni. Csak a Bokor k\u00f6zvetlen parancsaira reag\u00e1l.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A hollywoodi Zombie-k\u00e9pet 1968-t\u00f3l (<em>Night of the Living Dead<\/em>) gy\u00f6keresen megv\u00e1ltoztatt\u00e1k: v\u00e9res, h\u00fasev\u0151, fert\u0151z\u0151 \u00e9l\u0151holtak, alig rokon\u00edthat\u00f3k a haiti hagyom\u00e1nnyal.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r:<\/strong> A Zombit nem tisztelik, hanem f\u00e9lnek t\u0151le \u00e9s ker\u00fclik. V\u00e9delmi gyakorlatok: s\u00f3 az elhunyt sz\u00e1j\u00e1ba (megakad\u00e1lyozza az \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9leszt\u00e9st, mert a Zombi a s\u00f3ra eml\u00e9kez\u00e9ssel reag\u00e1l), neh\u00e9z k\u00f6vek a s\u00edrra (hogy a Bokor ne tudja felnyitni), az els\u0151 \u00e9jszak\u00e1kon \u0151rz\u00f6tt temetkez\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Ha felmer\u00fcl a gyan\u00fa, hogy egy rokon Zombiv\u00e1 v\u00e1ltozott, az csal\u00e1di botr\u00e1ny \u00e9s megb\u00edzat\u00e1st jelent egy <em>Houngan<\/em> sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy visszahozza a lelket.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9delem<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dcres szemek, mechanikus mozg\u00e1s, s\u00e1padt b\u0151r, egy por (Bokor-por), \u00fcveg a fogs\u00e1gban tartott l\u00e9lekkel, s\u00f3 (amely megt\u00f6ri a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00e1gikus vagy egyh\u00e1zi kiz\u00e1r\u00e1s; egy hatalom formul\u00e1val val\u00f3 megk\u00f6t\u00e9se.\" tabindex=\"0\">var\u00e1zslatot<\/span>), s\u00edrb\u00f3l vett f\u00f6ld, a Bokor seg\u00edt\u0151i, lap\u00e1t \u00e9s \u00e1s\u00f3. Szent sz\u00e1m: nincs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Bokor<\/em> (Vodou, az alkot\u00f3), <em>Houngan<\/em> (Vodou, a Zombi-esetekben megv\u00e1lt\u00e1st hoz\u00f3 pap). Glob\u00e1lis \u00e9l\u0151holt-p\u00e1rhuzamok: <em>Draugr<\/em> (germ\u00e1n, aktiv\u00e1lt halott, de \u00f6ntudatos), <em>Kuei\/Jiang-shi<\/em> (k\u00ednai, ugr\u00f3 \u00e9l\u0151holt), <em>Edimmu<\/em> (mezopot\u00e1miai, nyugtalan holtak), <em>Wiederg\u00e4nger<\/em> (germ\u00e1n n\u00e9phagyom\u00e1ny). Funkcion\u00e1lisan elt\u00e9r\u0151: a haiti Zombi lelk\u00e9t\u0151l megfosztott, nem lelkes\u00edtett.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9delmi gyakorlat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3 r\u00edtusok<\/strong><\/p><p>Az elterjedt elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s szerint egy m\u00e1r fel\u00e9bresztett Zombit meg lehetett szabad\u00edtani, ha s\u00f3t adtak neki enni, mert ez \u00e1ltal felismeri sors\u00e1t \u00e9s visszat\u00e9r s\u00edrj\u00e1hoz vagy szabadd\u00e1 v\u00e1lik. Ugyanilyen fontos volt a <em>ti bon ange<\/em>, a l\u00e9lekr\u00e9sz biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa, amelyet a Bokor \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag egy ed\u00e9nyben tart fogva: ha ezt megsemmis\u00edtik vagy felszabad\u00edtj\u00e1k, megsz\u0171nik az uralma. E mot\u00edvumok mutatj\u00e1k, hogy a Vodouban a v\u00e9delem mindig a l\u00e9lekre ir\u00e1nyul, nem csup\u00e1n a testre.<\/p><p><strong>R\u00e1olvas\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p><p>A haiti Vodouban a v\u00e9delmi gyakorlat nem maga a Zombi ellen ir\u00e1nyul, hanem a zombifik\u00e1l\u00e1s mint egy Bokor cselekm\u00e9nye ellen. Hagyom\u00e1nyosan a frissen elhunytak v\u00e9delme volt a f\u0151 gond: a csal\u00e1dok \u0151rizt\u00e9k a s\u00edrokat, k\u00f6vekkel terhelt\u00e9k le azokat, vagy a h\u00e1zhoz k\u00f6zel temett\u00e9k halottaikat. Wade Davis etnobotanikus az 1980-as \u00e9vekben olyan besz\u00e1mol\u00f3kat dokument\u00e1lt, amelyek szerint a zombifik\u00e1l\u00e1st a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gen bel\u00fcli b\u00fcntet\u0151int\u00e9zked\u00e9sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezt\u00e9k, vagyis a t\u00e1rsadalmi magatart\u00e1si szab\u00e1lyok jelentett\u00e9k a t\u00e9nyleges megel\u0151z\u00e9st.<\/p><p><strong>Amulettek \u00e9s v\u00e9d\u0151szimb\u00f3lumok<\/strong><\/p><p>Vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szempontb\u00f3l a Zombi-hit Haitiban t\u00e1rsadalmi ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si funkci\u00f3val is b\u00edrt: aki megszegte a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi szab\u00e1lyokat, annak a zombifik\u00e1l\u00e1st\u00f3l mint szankci\u00f3kt\u00f3l kellett tartania. Haiti 1864-es b\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyve 246. cikkely\u00e9ben m\u00e9g b\u00fcntetend\u0151v\u00e9 is tette egy szem\u00e9ly hal\u00e1loshoz hasonl\u00f3 \u00e1llapotba hoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s jogilag gyilkoss\u00e1gi k\u00eds\u00e9rletk\u00e9nt kezelte. Ezzel a ritu\u00e1lis v\u00e9delmi gondolat egy \u00e1llami norm\u00e1val fon\u00f3dott \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kultusz<\/span> \u00e9s tisztelet<\/strong><\/p><p>A <em>Zombi<\/em>t nem tisztelik, hanem a hatalommal val\u00f3 vissza\u00e9l\u00e9s elleni figyelmeztet\u00e9sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtik. A v\u00e9delmi r\u00edtusok a Zombiv\u00e1 v\u00e1l\u00e1s ellen ny\u00fajtanak oltalmat. A Zombikat teremt\u0151 Bokokkat hatalmasnak, de erk\u00f6lcsileg el\u00edt\u00e9lend\u0151nek tartj\u00e1k. A Zombi-fogalmakat v\u00e9d\u0151var\u00e1zslatokban \u00e9s etikai vit\u00e1kban egyar\u00e1nt alkalmazz\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zombi, p\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nyugat-afrikai gy\u00f6kerek<\/strong><\/p><p>A Zombi fogalma a <em>Bantu<\/em> nyelvek <em>nzambi<\/em> szav\u00e1ra (isten, \u0151s, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>) vezethet\u0151 vissza, amely a 17-19. sz.-i rabszolga-kereskedelemmel jutott Haitira. A kong\u00f3i hagyom\u00e1nyban az <em>nzambi a mpungu<\/span> a legf\u0151bb istent jel\u00f6li. A \u201e\u00e9l\u0151 halott&#8221; fel\u00e9 val\u00f3 haiti jelent\u00e9seltol\u00f3d\u00e1s kreol-haiti innov\u00e1ci\u00f3, amely egyetlen k\u00f6zvetlen nyugat-afrikai forr\u00e1sban sem lelhet\u0151 fel.<\/p><p><strong>Karibi p\u00e1rhuzamok<\/strong><\/p><p>Rokon fogalmak tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k a jamaicai Obeah hagyom\u00e1nyban (<em>duppy<\/em> mint egy halott <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szelleme<\/span>), a kubai Palo Mayombe-ban (<em>nfumbe<\/em> mint az <em>nganga<\/em>-ed\u00e9nybe k\u00f6t\u00f6tt halott szelleme) \u00e9s a trinidadi spiritizmusban. A rabszolga-gazdas\u00e1g \u00e9s a katolikus halotttisztelettel val\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 vall\u00e1si hagyom\u00e1nyokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 k\u00e9pzetek vagy istens\u00e9gek \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1sa.\">szinkretizmus<\/span> k\u00f6z\u00f6s karibi halott-fogalmat hozott l\u00e9tre.<\/p><p><strong>Modern recepci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><p>A haiti Zombi William Seabrook \u00fati besz\u00e1mol\u00f3ja, <em>The Magic Island<\/em> (1929), majd Victor Halperin filmje, a <em>White Zombie<\/em> (1932) nyom\u00e1n fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 filmfigur\u00e1v\u00e1 az \u00e9szak-amerikai popkult\u00far\u00e1ban.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>George A. Romero <em>Night of the Living Dead<\/em> (1968) c. filmje teremtette meg a modern, er\u0151szakos Zombi-apokalipszis-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtoszt<\/span>, amelynek alig van k\u00f6ze a haiti eredetihez (v\u00f6. Bishop, <em>American Zombie Gothic<\/em>; Boluk\/Lenz, <em>Generation Zombie<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6da1fb6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6da1fb6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp124cc60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp124cc60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A fogalom eredete \u00e9s vall\u00e1si h\u00e1ttere<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbcfaa85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpbcfaa85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp234f8a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp234f8a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>Zombi<\/em> sz\u00f3 a haiti kreolb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik, \u00e9s nagy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel nyugat- \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9p-afrikai gy\u00f6kerekkel rendelkezik. Gyakran hivatkoznak kong\u00f3i nyelvek szavaira, amelyek a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellemmel<\/span>, a l\u00e9lekkel vagy az elhunytakkal kapcsolatosak. A pontos etimol\u00f3gia a kutat\u00e1sban m\u00e1ig nem tiszt\u00e1zott v\u00e9glegesen, az afrikai eredet \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9se azonban biztosnak tekinthet\u0151.<\/p><p>A haiti Vodouban a Zombi a l\u00e9lek t\u00f6bbr\u00e9szess\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sbe \u00e1gyaz\u00f3dik. Az elterjedt tan\u00edt\u00e1s szerint az embernek t\u00f6bb l\u00e9lekr\u00e9sze van, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a <em>gwo bon anj<\/em> nev\u0171 r\u00e9sz.<\/p><p>A zombifik\u00e1l\u00e1st \u00fagy \u00e9rtelmezik, hogy az emberb\u0151l elvesznek egy ilyen r\u00e9szt \u00e9s idegen ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s al\u00e1 vonj\u00e1k. A test megmarad, de a saj\u00e1t akarat hi\u00e1nyzik.<\/p><p>Ebben k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a haiti Zombi alapvet\u0151en a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi popul\u00e1ris \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9lesztett holttest \u00e9s nem fert\u0151z\u0151 sz\u00f6rnyeteg, hanem egy \u00e9l\u0151 ember, akit szabads\u00e1g\u00e1t\u00f3l megfosztottnak tekintenek. Tudom\u00e1nyosan a k\u00e9pzet a <a href=\"\/hu\/vodou\/\">Vodou<\/a> l\u00e9lektan\u00e1nak, hal\u00e1lszeml\u00e9let\u00e9nek \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si rendszer\u00e9nek \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s\u00e9be tartozik, \u00e9s alig v\u00e1laszthat\u00f3 el a <a href=\"\/hu\/bokor\/\">Bokor<\/a> szerepk\u00f6r\u00e9b\u0151l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6ae73a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6ae73a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd77a3bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd77a3bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Davis-t\u00e9zis \u00e9s vit\u00e1ja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpff9980d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpff9980d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp697908c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp697908c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A t\u00e9ma nemzetk\u00f6zi figyelmet Wade Davis etnobotanikus munk\u00e1i r\u00e9v\u00e9n kapott. A <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985) \u00e9s az akad\u00e9miai v\u00e1ltozat, a <em>Passage of Darkness<\/em> (1988) c. m\u0171veiben Davis azt a t\u00e9zist k\u00e9pviselte, hogy egyes dokument\u00e1lt zombifik\u00e1l\u00e1si esetekben egy tetrodotoxin idegm\u00e9rget tartalmaz\u00f3 port alkalmaztak.<\/p><p>Ez a m\u00e9reg, amely t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt g\u00f6mbhalakban fordul el\u0151, l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lagos hal\u00e1lhoz hasonl\u00f3 \u00e1llapotot id\u00e9zhet el\u0151.<\/p><p>A t\u00e9zist sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben vitatt\u00e1k \u00e9s t\u00f6bb ponton b\u00edr\u00e1lt\u00e1k. Toxikol\u00f3gusok r\u00e1mutattak, hogy a vizsg\u00e1lt mint\u00e1kban tal\u00e1lt koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3k nagyon elt\u00e9r\u0151ek \u00e9s r\u00e9szben t\u00fal alacsonyak voltak a felt\u00e9telezett hat\u00e1shoz.<\/p><p>M\u00e1s szak\u00e9rt\u0151k m\u00f3dszertani gyenges\u00e9gekre h\u00edvt\u00e1k fel a figyelmet az esetv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sn\u00e1l. Davis maga mindig hangs\u00falyozta, hogy a farmakol\u00f3giai \u00f6sszetev\u0151 csup\u00e1n egy elem, a d\u00f6nt\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151 a t\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9s vall\u00e1si \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sben rejlik.<\/p><p>E kontextusban v\u00e1lt ismertt\u00e9 Clairvius Narcisse esete, egy f\u00e9rfi\u00e9, aki a hivatalos hal\u00e1lmeg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n \u00e9vekkel \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag \u00fajra felt\u0171nt. Ez az eset forr\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg szint\u00e9n vitatott. Meg\u00e1llap\u00edthat\u00f3, hogy a tudom\u00e1ny nem ismer bizony\u00edtott zombifik\u00e1l\u00e1si mechanizmust. Az iWell Guard a Davis-t\u00e9zist t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg fontos, de vitatott kutat\u00e1si \u00e1ll\u00e1spontk\u00e9nt mutatja be, nem pedig bizony\u00edtott t\u00e9nyk\u00e9nt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7c53a38 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7c53a38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbc1c66a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpbc1c66a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A haiti Zombit\u00f3l a filmsz\u00f6rnyetig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6ca1ee6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6ca1ee6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6be875 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe6be875\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>A ma vil\u00e1gszerte elterjedt boml\u00f3, h\u00fasev\u0151 \u00e9l\u0151holt-figura csak a 20. sz\u00e1zad folyam\u00e1n v\u00e1lt el a haiti elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9st\u0151l. A korai amerikai filmek, mint a <em>White Zombie<\/em> (1932), m\u00e9g egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en Haitihoz k\u00f6t\u00f6tt\u00e9k a Zombit, igaz, er\u0151sen gyarmati sztereot\u00edpi\u00e1kt\u00f3l meghat\u00e1rozva. A k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontban az idegen uralom alatt \u00e1ll\u00f3 akaratn\u00e9lk\u00fcli munk\u00e1s \u00e1llt.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A d\u00f6nt\u0151 t\u00f6r\u00e9st George A. Romero filmje, a <em>Night of the Living Dead<\/em> (1968) jel\u00f6lte. Romero levette a figur\u00e1t a Vodou-kontextusr\u00f3l, n\u00e9vtelen \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9ledt holtak t\u00f6meg\u00e9v\u00e9 tette, \u00e9s \u00f6sszekapcsolta a fert\u0151z\u00e9s mot\u00edvum\u00e1val. Az egyetlen, egy Bokor \u00e1ltal ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott emberb\u0151l arcn\u00e9lk\u00fcli fenyeget\u00e9s lett. P\u00f3\u017abbi filmek, sorozatok \u00e9s j\u00e1t\u00e9kok ezt a modellt fejlesztett\u00e9k tov\u00e1bb.<\/span><\/p><p>Kult\u00fartudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l ez a fejl\u0151d\u00e9s egy vall\u00e1si mot\u00edvum eredet\u00e9t\u0151l val\u00f3 elszakad\u00e1s\u00e1nak p\u00e9ld\u00e1jak\u00e9nt \u00edrhat\u00f3 le. A popul\u00e1ris kultur\u00e1lis Zombie ma nagyon k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e9lelmek vet\u00edt\u0151v\u00e1szn\u00e1k\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyokt\u00f3l, a t\u00f6megess\u00e9gt\u0151l vagy az ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s elveszt\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l val\u00f3 f\u00e9lelemk\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>A haiti Zombit ett\u0151l meg kell k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztetni. Aki a vall\u00e1si kiindul\u00f3alakra k\u00edv\u00e1ncsi, annak azt a filmsz\u00f6rnyettegt\u0151l elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edtve kell szeml\u00e9lnie, \u00e9s a <a href=\"\/hu\/bokor\/\">Bokor<\/a> \u00e9s a <a href=\"\/hu\/vodou\/\">Vodou<\/a> \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s\u00e9ben kell olvasnia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tov\u00e1bbi hivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/hu\/bokor\/\">Bokor, a fekete m\u00e1gikus alkot\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/baron-samedi\/\">Baron Samedi, a halottak patr\u00f3nusa, akinek enged\u00e9lye n\u00e9lk\u00fcl nem j\u00f6het l\u00e9tre Zombi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/voodozauber\/\">Voodoo-var\u00e1zslat, rokon gyakorlat (gy\u0171jt\u0151fogalom)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/draugr\/\">Draugr, germ\u00e1n \u00e9l\u0151holt-p\u00e1rhuzam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/vodou\/\">Vodou, panteon-\u00e1ttekint\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/hu\/geister\/\">Szellemek, oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1si irodalom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Davis, Wade: <em>Passage of Darkness. The Ethnobiology of the Haitian Zombie<\/em>. Chapel Hill 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Davis, Wade: <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em>. New York 1985 (popul\u00e1ris, tudom\u00e1nyosan vitatott).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sch\u00e4cht, Hans-Ulrich: <em>Der Zombi-Komplex<\/em>. Hamburg 2003.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ackermann, Hans-W. \/ Gauthier, Jeanine: <em>The Ways and Nature of the Zombi<\/em>. In: <em>Journal of American <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span><\/em> 104 (1991).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Tov\u00e1bbi alapm\u0171vek az <a href=\"\/hu\/literatur\/\">irodalomjegyz\u00e9kben<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aeb366 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7aeb366\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aa5d87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7aa5d87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Gyakori k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek a Zombir\u00f3l<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Mi a Zombi a Vodou-hagyom\u00e1nyban?<\/h3><p>A Zombi (Vodou-\u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3d, angolosan Zombie) a haiti Vodou egyik k\u00f6zponti alakja, nem v\u00e1ndorl\u00f3 holttest a modern popkult\u00fara \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben, hanem egy Bokor (fekete m\u00e1gus) \u00e1ltal \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9lesztett szem\u00e9ly, akit\u0151l elvett\u00e9k a lelket.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti Zombi-hitnek van val\u00f3s\u00e1galapja: Wade Davis 1985-\u00f6s g\u00f6mbhal-por-elm\u00e9lete tetrodotoxin \u00e9s pszichotr\u00f3p anyagok kever\u00e9k\u00e9t \u00edrja le, amely l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lagos hal\u00e1lt \u00e9s ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151 akaratfogs\u00e1got id\u00e9zhet el\u0151.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Miben k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a haiti Zombi a hollywoodi Zombie-t\u00f3l?<\/h3><p>A haiti Zombi egy egy\u00e9ni, egy Bokor \u00e1ltal rabszolg\u00e1v\u00e1 tett szem\u00e9ly, akit \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban cukorn\u00e1d\u00fcltetv\u00e9nyen dolgoztatnak. Nem fert\u0151z\u0151, nem agressz\u00edv, nem h\u00fasev\u0151.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A George Romero hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1t k\u00e9pvisel\u0151 hollywoodi Zombie (Night of the Living Dead, 1968) m\u00e1sodlagos tal\u00e1lm\u00e1ny, amely a Vodou-fogalommal csak a nev\u00e9t osztja meg. A k\u00f6zponti Vodou-tan\u00edt\u00e1s szerint: aki meg akarja szabad\u00edtani a Zombit, annak s\u00f3t kell adnia neki enni, mire az felismeri, hogy meghalt, \u00e9s meghalhat.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Mi a Zombi a Vodou-hagyom\u00e1nyban?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A Zombi (Vodou-\u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3d, angolosan Zombie) a haiti Vodou egyik k\u00f6zponti alakja, nem v\u00e1ndorl\u00f3 holttest a modern popkult\u00fara \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben, hanem egy Bokor (fekete m\u00e1gus) \u00e1ltal \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9lesztett szem\u00e9ly, akit\u0151l elvett\u00e9k a lelket. A t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti Zombi-hitnek van val\u00f3s\u00e1galapja: Wade Davis 1985-\u00f6s g\u00f6mbhal-por-elm\u00e9lete tetrodotoxin \u00e9s pszichotr\u00f3p anyagok kever\u00e9k\u00e9t \u00edrja le, amely l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lagos hal\u00e1lt \u00e9s ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151 akaratfogs\u00e1got id\u00e9zhet el\u0151.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Miben k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a haiti Zombi a hollywoodi Zombie-t\u00f3l?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A haiti Zombi egy egy\u00e9ni, egy Bokor \u00e1ltal rabszolg\u00e1v\u00e1 tett szem\u00e9ly, akit \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban cukorn\u00e1d\u00fcltetv\u00e9nyen dolgoztatnak. Nem fert\u0151z\u0151, nem agressz\u00edv, nem h\u00fasev\u0151. A George Romero hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1t k\u00e9pvisel\u0151 hollywoodi Zombie (Night of the Living Dead, 1968) m\u00e1sodlagos tal\u00e1lm\u00e1ny, amely a Vodou-fogalommal csak a nev\u00e9t osztja meg. A k\u00f6zponti Vodou-tan\u00edt\u00e1s szerint: aki meg akarja szabad\u00edtani a Zombit, annak s\u00f3t kell adnia neki enni, mire az felismeri, hogy meghalt, \u00e9s meghalhat.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zombi, a haiti hagyom\u00e1ny szelleme A Zombi szellem a haiti hagyom\u00e1nyban. A test l\u00e9lek n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, az \u00e9l\u0151 s\u00edr. A Zombi a haiti folkl\u00f3rban egy lelk\u00e9t\u0151l megfosztott halott. SzellemVodou Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Zombi \u00c1ttekint\u00e9s: Zombi T\u00edpus: Vodou-r\u00e9malakok: lelk\u00e9t\u0151l megfosztott halott, akit egy Bokor kelt \u00e9letrePanteon: Vodou (Haiti), nem Loa, hanem a fekete m\u00e1gia gyakorlat\u00e1nak \u00e1ldozataFunkci\u00f3: a Bokor akaratn\u00e9lk\u00fcli [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1771,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Zombi Vodou","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Zombi - a l\u00e9lek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli halott a haiti Vodouban","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"L\u00e9lek n\u00e9lk\u00fcli test, m\u00e1gikus rabszolgas\u00e1g \u00e9s a tetrodotoxin-hipot\u00e9zis a haiti n\u00e9phagyom\u00e1nyban \u00e9s a 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