{"id":52451,"date":"2026-07-30T14:22:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:22:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yer-sub-a-toeroekoek-foeld-es-vizszellem-fogalma\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:23:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:23:00","slug":"yer-sub","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/yer-sub\/","title":{"rendered":"Yer-Sub &#8211; a t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k f\u00f6ld- \u00e9s v\u00edzszellem-fogalma"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52451\" class=\"elementor elementor-52451 elementor-2638\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub, \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k f\u00f6ld- \u00e9s v\u00edzhatalom, a szent talaj ereje<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Yer-Sub (\u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, \u201eF\u00f6ld-V\u00edz&#8221;) az \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k \u00e9s szib\u00e9riai-tengrizmus vall\u00e1si rendszer\u00e9ben a szent f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a szent vizek \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 numin\u00f3zus hatalm\u00e1t jel\u00f6li. Tengrit fel\u00fclr\u0151l \u00e9s Umait k\u00f6zbens\u0151 szintk\u00e9nt eg\u00e9sz\u00edti ki, kozmol\u00f3giai tri\u00e1szt alkotva. A t\u00f6r\u00f6k \u00e9s szib\u00e9riai-tengrista forr\u00e1sok a Yer-Subot a szent talaj f\u00f6ld- \u00e9s v\u00edzhatalm\u00e1nak \u00edrj\u00e1k le.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A szib\u00e9riai \/ tengrista hagyom\u00e1ny term\u00e9szeti szelleme.\">Term\u00e9szeti szellem<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A szib\u00e9riai \/ tengrista hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">Szib\u00e9ria \/ Tengrismus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"F\u00f6ld- \u00e9s v\u00edzhatalom.\">F\u00f6ld- \u00e9s v\u00edzhatalom<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2856\" alt=\"Yer Sub - Geister aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Yer-Sub, a <strong>f\u00f6ld-v\u00edz hatalom<\/strong>, az \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k hagyom\u00e1nyban egyszerre testes\u00edti meg a szent talajt \u00e9s a foly\u00e9kony elemet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az olyan szem\u00e9lyes istenekkel ellent\u00e9tben, mint <a href=\"\/hu\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/umai\/\">Umai<\/a> vagy <a href=\"\/hu\/ulgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>, a Yer-Sub nem egyedi szem\u00e9lyis\u00e9g, hanem kollekt\u00edv, helyhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt hatalom.<\/p><p>A 8. sz\u00e1zadi Orchon-feliratokban (K\u00fcl Tigin, Bilge Kag\u00e1n, Tonyukuk) a Yer-Sub rendszeresen egy h\u00e1romtag\u00fa formul\u00e1ban jelenik meg: \u201eTengri (\u00c9g), Umai (Anya) \u00e9s Yer-Sub (F\u00f6ld-V\u00edz) gy\u0151zelmet adott nek\u00fcnk.&#8221; Ez a formula az \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k tengrismus kozmol\u00f3giai szerkezet\u00e9nek egyik legfontosabb bizony\u00edt\u00e9ka.<\/p><p>A <a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\">szib\u00e9riai-tengrista hagyom\u00e1nyon<\/a> bel\u00fcl a fiatalabb szakfigur\u00e1k, hegyurak, forr\u00e1sszellemek, foly\u00f3szellemek veszik \u00e1t azokat a konkr\u00e9t funkci\u00f3kat, amelyeket eredetileg kollekt\u00edven a Yer-Subnak tulajdon\u00edtottak. \u00cdgy a Yer-Sub a vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net k\u00e9s\u0151bbi szakasz\u00e1ban megnevezett egyedi szellemek sokas\u00e1g\u00e1v\u00e1 s\u0171r\u0171s\u00f6dik, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy fogalomk\u00e9nt elt\u0171nne.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l a Yer-Sub a \u201elok\u00e1lis numinozit\u00e1s&#8221; szeml\u00e9letes p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja: az egyetemes f\u0151istens\u00e9gekkel ellent\u00e9tben ez a hatalom t\u00e9rhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt, \u00e9s konkr\u00e9t helyeken \u00f6sszpontosul, h\u00e1g\u00f3kon, forr\u00e1sokn\u00e1l, torkolatokn\u00e1l, szikl\u00e1kn\u00e1l. Ezzel egy sorba ker\u00fcl a r\u00f3mai <em>genii loci<\/em> \u00e9s a jap\u00e1n <em>jinushigami<\/em> fogalm\u00e1val.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A n\u00e9v klasszikus \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k dvandva-\u00f6sszet\u00e9tel: <em>yer<\/em> (\u201ef\u00f6ld, t\u00e1j, hely&#8221;) \u00e9s <em>sub<\/em> (\u201ev\u00edz, forr\u00e1s, foly\u00f3&#8221;). Hasonl\u00f3 k\u00e9pz\u00e9sek sz\u00e1mos indoeur\u00f3pai \u00e9s altaji nyelvben adatoltak; azt fejezik ki, hogy a f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a v\u00edz itt nem k\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 dologk\u00e9nt, hanem egy \u00f6sszetartoz\u00f3 \u00e9letalap-p\u00e1rk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezend\u0151.<\/p><p>A mongol vil\u00e1gban a fogalomnak r\u00e9szben a <em>gazar usu<\/em> (\u201ef\u00f6ld-v\u00edz&#8221;) \u00e9s az <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em> (\u201eAnya F\u00f6ld&#8221;) felel meg. Szib\u00e9ri\u00e1ban a burj\u00e1tok a <em>Lus<\/em> forr\u00e1sszellemeket, a jakutok pedig Aar Tojon f\u00f6ldszolg\u00e1j\u00e1t, <em>Aan Alakhchyn<\/em>t ismerik.<\/p><p>Talat Tekin (1968) tiszt\u00e1zta a <em>yer sub<\/em> grammatikai st\u00e1tus\u00e1t \u00f6sszet\u00e9telk\u00e9nt: nem k\u00e9t egym\u00e1s ut\u00e1n eml\u00edtett istens\u00e9gr\u0151l van sz\u00f3, hanem egyetlen hatalomr\u00f3l, amelynek k\u00e9ttag\u00fa neve van. Ez a nyelvi megfigyel\u00e9s vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekkel j\u00e1r, mivel integr\u00e1lt f\u00f6ld-v\u00edz-hatalomk\u00e9pzetet felt\u00e9telez.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Yer-Subnak nincs \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ja. Ahol a helyhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt szakszellemeket k\u00e9pileg megform\u00e1lj\u00e1k, azt k\u0151rak\u00e1sokon (<em>obo<\/em>), feliratozott fac\u00f6l\u00f6p\u00f6k\u00f6n (<em>serge<\/em>), v\u00f6r\u00f6sfeny\u0151kre k\u00f6t\u00f6tt szalagfoszl\u00e1nyokon (<em>kyira<\/em>) \u00e9s forr\u00e1s sz\u00e9l\u00e9re helyezett kis fafigur\u00e1kon kereszt\u00fcl teszik. A Yer-Sub eg\u00e9sze l\u00e1thatatlan marad; maga az anyag alkotja test\u00e9t.<\/p><p>Ezt a k\u00e9pn\u00e9lk\u00fclis\u00e9get a Yer-Sub a t\u00e1voli <a href=\"\/hu\/tengri\/\">Tengrivel<\/a> osztja, ellent\u00e9tben a szem\u00e9lyesen-antropomorf <a href=\"\/hu\/ulgen\/\">\u00dclgennel<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/umai\/\">Umaival<\/a> vagy <a href=\"\/hu\/erlik-khan\/\">Erlik K\u00e1nnal<\/a>. Vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l ez k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get jel\u00f6l a kollekt\u00edv-numin\u00f3zus \u00e9s az egy\u00e9nileg szem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett hatalmak k\u00f6z\u00f6tt egy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonon<\/span> bel\u00fcl.<\/p><p>A modern mongol gyakorlatban a Yer-Subot r\u00e9szben az ovoo-k\u0151rak\u00e1sok testes\u00edtik meg; nagyobb \u00fcnnepeken az ovoo k\u00f6r\u00e9 hossz\u00fa k\u00e9k <em>khadag<\/em>-szalagokat fesz\u00edtenek, amelyek k\u00e9k sz\u00edne tudatosan <em>M\u00f6ngke K\u00f6ke Tengrit<\/em> id\u00e9zi, m\u00edg maguk a k\u00f6vek a Yer-Subot k\u00e9pviselik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitol\u00f3giai elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A k\u00f6kt\u00fcrk feliratok nem tartalmaznak elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9seket a Yer-Subr\u00f3l, csup\u00e1n invok\u00e1ci\u00f3kat. Csak a 19. sz\u00e1zadi etnogr\u00e1fiai feljegyz\u00e9sekben (Radloff, Anohin, Verbickij) jelennek meg egyes hegy- \u00e9s foly\u00f3urakr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 t\u00f6rt\u00e9netek, amelyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9g\u00fckben felt\u00f6ltik a Yer-Sub-spektrumot.<\/p><p>A burj\u00e1tokn\u00e1l p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Bajk\u00e1l-tavat \u201eatyak\u00e9nt&#8221; sz\u00f3l\u00edtj\u00e1k meg, a k\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00f6tte l\u00e9v\u0151 hegyeket \u201efiv\u00e9rekk\u00e9nt&#8221; &#8211; egy olyan rokons\u00e1gi s\u00e9ma, amely a Yer-Sub hatalm\u00e1t rokons\u00e1gi metafor\u00e1kban oldja fel.<\/p><p>Egy saj\u00e1tos altaji elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1mol be, hogyan keletkeztek a hegyek, amikor a Yer-Sub fell\u00e1zadt Erlik k\u00eds\u00e9rlete ellen, hogy a f\u00f6ldet saj\u00e1t c\u00e9ljaira foglalja el: a hegyek egy kozmikus \u00f6sszecsap\u00e1s megmerevedett hull\u00e1mai. Ez az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s a teremt\u00e9s- \u00e9s aetiol\u00f3giai m\u00edtoszok hat\u00e1r\u00e1n \u00e1ll.<\/p><p>A jakut Olonkho-eposzokban a Yer-Sub-funkci\u00f3 egyik aspektus\u00e1t a f\u00f6ldistenn\u0151 <em>Aan Alakhchyn Khotun<\/em> testes\u00edti meg. A vil\u00e1g k\u00f6zep\u00e9n \u00e1ll\u00f3 szent f\u00e1ban lakik, \u00e9s \u00e9letviz\u00e9b\u0151l minden \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nynek oszt\u00e1lyr\u00e9szt ad &#8211; ez a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvum<\/span> epikusan bontja ki az integr\u00e1lt f\u00f6ld-v\u00edz-fogalmat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s tisztelet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A legfontosabb kultuszforma az <em>Ovoo<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l\u00e9<\/span>: egy h\u00e1g\u00f3n vagy egy jellegzetes forr\u00e1sn\u00e1l k\u0151rak\u00e1st halmoznak fel, szalagokkal d\u00edsz\u00edtik, \u00e9s h\u00e1romszori \u00f3ramutat\u00f3 j\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1val megegyez\u0151 ir\u00e1ny\u00fa megker\u00fcl\u00e9ssel tisztelik. Az utaz\u00f3k egy k\u00f6vet tesznek hozz\u00e1; a p\u00e1sztorok kev\u00e9s tejet vagy kumiszt \u00f6ntenek a f\u00f6ldre.<\/p><p>\u00c1llami szinten a Yer-Sub a kag\u00e1ni esk\u00fck r\u00e9sze volt: aki a kag\u00e1nt megcsalja, \u201emegs\u00e9rti a Yer-Subot&#8221;, \u00e9s kiesik a rendb\u0151l. Ezt a politikai funkci\u00f3t k\u00f6zvetve Theoph\u00fclaktosz Szimokatt\u00e9sz kora biz\u00e1nci forr\u00e1sa (7. sz. eleje) is meg\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00edtette, amikor a t\u00f6r\u00f6k esk\u00fct\u00e9telek szok\u00e1sair\u00f3l sz\u00e1mol be.<\/p><p>A modern Mong\u00f3li\u00e1ban az Ovoo-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l\u00e9<\/span> figyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3 renesz\u00e1nsz\u00e1t \u00e9lte meg; 1990 ut\u00e1n ezrek \u00faj ovoot emeltek vagy \u00e1ll\u00edtottak helyre. Caroline Humphrey ezt a renesz\u00e1nszt a <em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em> \u00e9s az <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171veiben r\u00e9szletesen dokument\u00e1lta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat \u00e9s apotropaikus elemek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l le\u00edrva: a Yer-Sub-komplexumhoz tartoz\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlatok kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 a \u00e1rtalmak elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, mint ink\u00e1bb a hely tisztas\u00e1g\u00e1nak meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyulnak.<\/p><p>Tilos volt p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul forr\u00e1sba k\u00f6pni, a szent f\u00e1kat let\u00f6rni, valamint az <em>obo<\/em>-n sz\u00fcks\u00e9get v\u00e9gezni. E tabuk megs\u00e9rt\u00e9se a hagyom\u00e1nyon bel\u00fcl a Yer-Sub \u201emegs\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9nek&#8221; sz\u00e1m\u00edtott, \u00e9s a trad\u00edci\u00f3 szerint vad\u00e1szati kudarcot vagy betegs\u00e9get vonhatott maga ut\u00e1n.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00e9d\u0151szimb\u00f3lum, amulett vagy apotropaikus t\u00e1rgy.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaikus<\/span> t\u00e1rgyak sz\u0171kebb \u00e9rtelemben a szent hegyr\u0151l hozott kis k\u00f6vek, a forr\u00e1soszlopokba v\u00e9sett v\u00e9d\u0151formul\u00e1k \u00e9s az ajt\u00f3k\u00fcsz\u00f6bre er\u0151s\u00edtett l\u00f3farok-csom\u00f3k voltak. Ezek a gyakorlatok ma is \u00e9lnek Mong\u00f3li\u00e1ban \u00e9s Tuv\u00e1ban.<\/p><p>A jakut hagyom\u00e1ny egy figyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3 r\u00e9szlete: miel\u0151tt valaki elhagyn\u00e1 a szent helyet, form\u00e1lisan \u201eenged\u00e9lyt k\u00e9r&#8221; t\u0151le, gyakran a \u201e<em>Bahyy bolokhtuun<\/em>&#8221; (\u201el\u00e9gy kegyes, engedj el&#8221;) szavakkal. A t\u00e1j ir\u00e1nti e udvariass\u00e1gi forma vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l az animista etikett klasszikus p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Szerkezetileg \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthat\u00f3 a r\u00f3mai <em>genius loci<\/em> fogalm\u00e1val; a germ\u00e1n f\u00f6ldszellemekkel; a kelta <em>s\u00eddh<\/em>-lak\u00f3kkal; Jap\u00e1nban a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A jap\u00e1n sint\u00f3ban tisztelt szellemi l\u00e9nyek \u00e9s isteni hatalmak.\" tabindex=\"0\">sint\u00f3<\/span>-hagyom\u00e1ny <em>jinushigami<\/em>-j\u00e1val; Latin-Amerik\u00e1ban az andoki <em>apus<\/em> \u00e9s <em>huaca<\/em> fogalmaival. Minden esetben helyhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt, kollekt\u00edv hatalomr\u00f3l van sz\u00f3, amelyet tisztas\u00e1g-tabukkal, nem pedig szem\u00e9lyes m\u00edtoszokkal tisztelnek.<\/p><p>K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen szoros tipol\u00f3giai rokons\u00e1g mutatkozik a k\u00ednai <em>tudi gong<\/em>-rendszer helyi f\u00f6ldisteneivel \u00e9s a tibeti <em>sa-bdag<\/em> (\u201ef\u00f6ldurak&#8221;) fogalm\u00e1val. Mindez kultur\u00e1lis hidakat jelez Bels\u0151-\u00c1zsi\u00e1n bel\u00fcl, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy k\u00f6zvetlen t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti lesz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s lenne bizony\u00edthat\u00f3.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l a Yer-Sub azt testes\u00edti meg, amit Mircea Eliade a <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben \u201ea hely hierof\u00e1ni\u00e1jak\u00e9nt&#8221; jellemzett: bizonyos helyek ritu\u00e1lis megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9n szakr\u00e1lis k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontt\u00e1 v\u00e1lnak, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy szem\u00e9lyes istens\u00e9g lakna ott.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jelenkori recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A mongol-tuvai jelenkorban a Yer-Sub (mint <em>gazar usu<\/em>, illetve <em>cher-sug<\/em>) a k\u00f6rnyezeti etika meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 fogalm\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. T\u00f6bb \u00f6kol\u00f3giai szeml\u00e9let\u0171 civil szervezet hivatkozik a hagyom\u00e1nyos Ovoo-komplexumra \u00e9rvel\u00e9si alapk\u00e9nt. Tudom\u00e1nyos alapm\u0171vek: Caroline Humphrey (<em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em>, 1983; <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em>, 2002), Roberte Hamayon, Szergej Nekljudov.<\/p><p>Egy \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 kutat\u00e1si ir\u00e1ny \u00f6sszekapcsolja a Yer-Sub-gyakorlatot a mong\u00f3liai b\u00e1ny\u00e1szat \u00e9s v\u00edzjogok k\u00f6r\u00fcli mai konfliktusokkal: \u0151shonos csoportok a Yer-Sub-helyek vall\u00e1si s\u00e9rthetetlens\u00e9g\u00e9re hivatkoznak nagyprojektek megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Ennek a politikai dimenzi\u00f3nak tudom\u00e1nyos implik\u00e1ci\u00f3it Caroline Humphrey r\u00e9szletesen t\u00e1rgyalja.<\/p><p>Tuv\u00e1ban 1990 \u00f3ta megalakult a <em>D\u00fcng\u00fcr<\/em> s\u00e1m\u00e1ngyakorl\u00f3k sz\u00f6vets\u00e9ge, amely nyilv\u00e1nosan kodifik\u00e1lja a Yer-Sub-ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kat. Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l ez a kodifik\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9rdekes p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja egy eredetileg diff\u00faz gyakorlat modern egyes\u00fcleti strukt\u00far\u00e1k \u00e1ltali \u201elelt\u00e1rba v\u00e9tel\u00e9nek&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1si vit\u00e1k \u00e9s nyitott k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az egyik k\u00f6zponti vita arra a k\u00e9rd\u00e9sre \u00f6sszpontosul, hogy a Yer-Sub <em>egys\u00e9ges<\/em> fogalom-e vagy <em>gy\u0171jt\u0151fogalom<\/em>. Talat Tekin \u00e9s Szergej Nekljudov integr\u00e1lt \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s mellett foglalt \u00e1ll\u00e1st; a \u00fajabb kutat\u00e1s (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul B. Kellner-Heinkele) hajlik arra, hogy region\u00e1lisan elt\u00e9r\u0151 szem\u00e9lyes\u00edt\u00e9seket t\u00e9telezzen fel.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sodik nyitott k\u00e9rd\u00e9s a Yer-Sub \u00e9s a mong\u00f3liai buddhista helyi<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>-k\u00e9pzet viszony\u00e1t \u00e9rinti: a mai Ovoo-gyakorlat mekkora h\u00e1nyada el\u0151buddhist\u00e1nak, \u00e9s mekkora h\u00e1nyada buddhist\u00e1n \u00e1tform\u00e1ltnak tekinthet\u0151? Walther Heissig egy r\u00e9tegelm\u00e9letett javasolt, amelyet az \u00fajabb kutat\u00e1s kritikusan vizsg\u00e1l.<\/p><p>V\u00e9g\u00fcl, \u00e9s ez a legfontosabb gyakorlati k\u00e9rd\u00e9s: hogyan viszonyul a ma \u00e9l\u0151 Yer-Sub-komplexum az \u00f6kol\u00f3giai mozgalmakhoz an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy azok eszk\u00f6z\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lna? A bels\u0151-mong\u00f3liai <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> polg\u00e1ri kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s maga is felveti ezt a k\u00e9rd\u00e9st, \u00e9s kutat\u00e1si terepet k\u00edn\u00e1l a 2020-as \u00e9vek vall\u00e1setnol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub a modern k\u00f6rnyezeti vit\u00e1ban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az \u00fajabb tengrismus-kutat\u00e1s egyik legmeglep\u0151bb fordulata a Yer-Sub \u00fajrafelfedez\u00e9se a kort\u00e1rs k\u00f6rnyezeti mozgalmak viszony\u00edt\u00e1si pontjak\u00e9nt. A mongol <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> polg\u00e1ri kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9s (alap\u00edtva 2001-ben) a szent forr\u00e1sokat \u00e9s foly\u00f3medreket elpuszt\u00edt\u00f3 aranyb\u00e1ny\u00e1k ellen tiltakozik, \u00e9s kifejezetten a hagyom\u00e1nyos Yer-Sub-tiszteletre hivatkozik. Caroline Humphrey t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban dokument\u00e1lta ezt a mozgalmat.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l ez a fordulat ambivalens. Egyr\u00e9szt a l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lag \u201earchaikus&#8221; vall\u00e1si fogalom tart\u00f3s \u00e9letk\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t mutatja; m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt azzal a vesz\u00e9llyel j\u00e1r, hogy a vall\u00e1si tartalmakat politikai c\u00e9lokra szelekt\u00edven mozg\u00f3s\u00edtj\u00e1k. Mindk\u00e9t szempontot figyelembe kell venni egy \u00e1rnyalt elemz\u00e9sben.<\/p><p>Tuv\u00e1ban \u00e9s a Szaha K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1gban hasonl\u00f3 mozgalmak figyelhet\u0151k meg; ezek \u00faj metsz\u00e9spontot teremtenek a vall\u00e1setnol\u00f3gia \u00e9s a politikai \u00f6kol\u00f3gia k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3gusok, mint Bron Taylor (<em>Dark Green Religion<\/em>, 2010), ezt az \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9st \u201ez\u00f6ld vall\u00e1sk\u00e9nt&#8221; elemezt\u00e9k, \u00e9s a Yer-Subot egyik p\u00e9ld\u00e1jak\u00e9nt id\u00e9zt\u00e9k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s a kultur\u00e1lis t\u00e1rhoz<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aki a Yer-Sub-komplexumot a maga teljess\u00e9g\u00e9ben k\u00edv\u00e1nja tanulm\u00e1nyozni, a <a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\">Szib\u00e9riai-tengrista hagyom\u00e1ny<\/a> \u00e1ttekint\u0151 oldal\u00e1n tal\u00e1lja meg a legfontosabb kereszthivatkoz\u00e1sokat a rokon alakokhoz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul <a href=\"\/hu\/tengri\/\">Tengrihez<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/umai\/\">Umaihoz<\/a> (a Tonyukuk-h\u00e1romtag\u00fa formul\u00e1ban) \u00e9s a helyhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt szellemvil\u00e1gokhoz.<\/p><p>Talat Tekin <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171ve marad az \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k r\u00e9teg legfontosabb filol\u00f3giai alapja. Caroline Humphrey <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002) \u00e9s <em>Marx Went Away, But Karl Stayed Behind<\/em> (Frank Pieke-kel, 1998) k\u00f6tete a kort\u00e1rs etnogr\u00e1fiai m\u00e9lys\u00e9get ny\u00fajtja.<\/p><p>Szergej Nekljudov <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, 2. k\u00f6t. (Moszkva, 1992) tartalmazza a Yer-Sub-komplexum legt\u00f6m\u00f6rebb orosz nyelv\u0171 \u00f6sszefoglal\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s minden komoly bibliogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ban helye van.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A helyhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9g vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Yer-Sub vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag a \u201ehelyhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt numinozit\u00e1s&#8221; kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1t szeml\u00e9lteti, amelyet Mircea Eliade a <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben \u201ea hely hierof\u00e1ni\u00e1jak\u00e9nt&#8221; dolgozott ki. Az egyetemes f\u0151istens\u00e9gekkel ellent\u00e9tben a numinozit\u00e1s e form\u00e1ja t\u00e9rhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt \u00e9s konkr\u00e9t.<\/p><p>Egy hely ritu\u00e1lis megjel\u00f6l\u00e9se (k\u0151rak\u00e1ssal, szalagokkal, fac\u00f6l\u00f6p\u00f6kkel) klasszikus p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja annak, amit van Gennep \u201ea t\u00e1j szakraliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak&#8221; nevezett. A Yer-Sub itt nem a helyen lak\u00f3 szem\u00e9ly, hanem maga a helly\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u00f3 hatalom &#8211; vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l fontos k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gt\u00e9tel.<\/p><p>A jap\u00e1n <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A jap\u00e1n sint\u00f3ban tisztelt szellemi l\u00e9nyek \u00e9s isteni hatalmak.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em>-fogalommal \u00e9s a r\u00f3mai <em>genius loci<\/em>-val \u00f6sszevetve l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a helyhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt numinozit\u00e1s vil\u00e1gszerte elterjedt fogalom, amelyet azonban minden hagyom\u00e1ny saj\u00e1tosan form\u00e1l meg. A Yer-Sub k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen t\u00f6m\u00f6r \u00e9s j\u00f3l adatolt v\u00e1ltozatot k\u00e9pvisel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f3dszertani reflexi\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Yer-Sub kutat\u00e1sa t\u00f6bb m\u00f3dszertani probl\u00e9m\u00e1t vet fel. Egyr\u00e9szt: maga a sz\u00f3 \u00f6sszet\u00e9tel, amelynek \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k grammatikai kezel\u00e9se vitatott. Talat Tekin meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa szerint \u201eegyetlen hatalom k\u00e9ttag\u00fa n\u00e9vvel&#8221; t\u00f6bbs\u00e9gi elfogadotts\u00e1gnak \u00f6rvend, de nem vitatlan.<\/p><p>M\u00e1sr\u00e9szt: a Tonyukuk-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy in festen Tr\u00e4ger eingeritzter vagy gemei\u00dfelter sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">felirat<\/span> Yer-Subj\u00e1nak azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa a 19-20. sz\u00e1zadi etnogr\u00e1fiailag adatolt hegy- \u00e9s forr\u00e1s<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>-vil\u00e1ggal hipot\u00e9zis; a kutat\u00e1s e t\u00e9ren \u00f3vatosabb\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p><p>Harmadr\u00e9szt: a Yer-Sub kort\u00e1rs \u00f6kol\u00f3giai mozgalmak \u00e1ltali mozg\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa tudom\u00e1nyosan ig\u00e9nyes feladat. Caroline Humphrey \u00e9s Bron Taylor fontos hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sokat ny\u00fajtottak, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy a vit\u00e1t lez\u00e1rt\u00e1k volna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub \u00e9s a mongol Naadam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6n figyelmet \u00e9rdemel a Yer-Sub \u00e9s a mongol ny\u00e1ri \u00fcnnep, a <em>Naadam<\/em> kapcsolata. A minden \u00e9vben j\u00faliusban megrendezett Naadam eredete a hegy- \u00e9s forr\u00e1sistens\u00e9gek megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban keresend\u0151, \u00e9s ezzel t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg a Yer-Sub-komplexumhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik.<\/p><p>A Naadam h\u00e1rom hagyom\u00e1nyos \u201ef\u00e9rfias j\u00e1t\u00e9ka&#8221; &#8211; l\u00f3verseny, \u00edj\u00e1szat, birk\u00f3z\u00e1s &#8211; eredetileg a t\u00f6rzsi er\u0151 ritu\u00e1lis demonstr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja volt a hegy-patr\u00f3nusok \u00e9s a Yer-Sub el\u0151tt. Christopher Atwood r\u00e9szletesen le\u00edrta ezt a ritu\u00e1lis be\u00e1gyazotts\u00e1got enciklop\u00e9di\u00e1j\u00e1ban (2004).<\/p><p>A mai Mong\u00f3li\u00e1ban a Naadam egyszerre nagy \u00e1llami \u00fcnnep \u00e9s vall\u00e1si-hagyom\u00e1nyos t\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u0171 esem\u00e9ny. Az \u00fcnnep elej\u00e9n tartott Ovoo-ritu\u00e1l\u00e9k a Yer-Sub-r\u00e9teget ma is l\u00e1that\u00f3v\u00e1 teszik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub \u00e9s a r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti forr\u00e1shelyzet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Yer-Subra vonatkoz\u00f3 r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti forr\u00e1shelyzet korl\u00e1tozott, de tanuls\u00e1gos. A d\u00e9l-szib\u00e9riai magasf\u00f6ldi sztyepp\u00e9ken (Tuva, Altaj) szk\u00edta \u00e9s hun kori <em>kurgan<\/em>-halmok \u00e9s \u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u0151oszlopok maradtak fenn, amelyeket \u201eszent helyek&#8221; ritu\u00e1lis megjel\u00f6l\u00e9sek\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmeznek. Hogy ezek a jel\u00f6l\u00e9sek azonosak-e a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi Yer-Sub-fogalommal, nem bizony\u00edthat\u00f3 egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en.<\/p><p>K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen fontos r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti anyagot alkotnak a k\u00f6kt\u00fcrk kori <em>balbal<\/em>-k\u0151oszlopok, amelyeket kir\u00e1lyok s\u00edrjain\u00e1l sorakoztattak fel. Szergej Kljastornyj a <em>Drevnetjurkskie pis&#8217;mennye pamjatniki<\/em> (1964) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben t\u00e1rgyalta e oszlopok vall\u00e1si tartalm\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Egy k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u0151 hipot\u00e9zis \u00f6sszek\u00f6ti a r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti k\u0151oszlopokat a szaha n\u00e9p etnogr\u00e1fiailag adatolt <em>serge<\/em>-oszlopaival: mindkett\u0151 t\u00fckr\u00f6zheti a helyek folyamatos Yer-Sub-jel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9nek hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1t, k\u00e9t \u00e9vezreden \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151 folyamatoss\u00e1ggal \u00e9s \u00e1talakul\u00e1sokkal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21aa3e2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21aa3e2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2524783c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2524783c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub mint kett\u0151s fogalom: f\u00f6ld \u00e9s v\u00edz a tengrizmusban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274b5427 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp274b5427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c867c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c867c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> n\u00e9v, t\u00f6r\u00f6k nyelveken sz\u00f3 szerint F\u00f6ld-V\u00edz, nem egyetlen, j\u00f3l k\u00f6r\u00fclhat\u00e1rolt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1son bel\u00fcl istenik\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9get<\/span> jel\u00f6l, hanem \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 fogalmat: a k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 vil\u00e1g eg\u00e9sz\u00e9t, hegyeivel, foly\u00f3ival, forr\u00e1saival \u00e9s erdeivel egy\u00fctt, amelyet \u00e9l\u0151, tiszteletre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 hatalomk\u00e9nt fognak fel.<\/p><p>M\u00e1r a 8. sz\u00e1zadi, Orchon-v\u00f6lgyi \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k feliratok, a t\u00f6r\u00f6k nyelvek legr\u00e9gebbi \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151 sz\u00f6vegei, a <em>yer sub<\/em>-ot az \u00e9gi isten <em>Tengri<\/em> mellett olyan hatalomk\u00e9nt eml\u00edtik, amely \u0151rk\u00f6dik a n\u00e9p sorsa felett.<\/p><p>Ez a korai adatol\u00e1s az\u00e9rt fontos, mert bizony\u00edtja: r\u00e9gi, \u00edr\u00e1sban r\u00f6gz\u00edtett k\u00e9pzetr\u0151l van sz\u00f3, nem pedig az etnogr\u00e1fia k\u00e9sei konstrukci\u00f3j\u00e1r\u00f3l. Az Orchon-feliratokban a <em>yer sub<\/em> egy l\u00e9legzettel szerepel <em>Tengri<\/em> mellett, mint olyan hatalmak, amelyek beavatkoznak, ha a n\u00e9p vesz\u00e9lybe ker\u00fcl.<\/p><p>A pontos teol\u00f3giai besorol\u00e1s azonban nyitott marad: hogy a <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> egys\u00e9gk\u00e9nt, helyi szellemek sokas\u00e1gak\u00e9nt vagy mindkett\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9rtend\u0151-e, a r\u00f6vid feliratsz\u00f6vegekb\u0151l nem hat\u00e1rozhat\u00f3 meg egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en.<\/p><p>A d\u00e9l-szib\u00e9riai t\u00fcrk n\u00e9pek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az altajiak \u00e9s a hakaszok, etnogr\u00e1fiailag dokument\u00e1lt k\u00e9s\u0151bbi hagyom\u00e1nyaiban a <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> gyakran t\u00f6bbes sz\u00e1mban jelenik meg, egyes hegyek, foly\u00f3k \u00e9s h\u00e1g\u00f3k urainak sokas\u00e1ga form\u00e1j\u00e1ban, akiknek az utaz\u00f3k kis adom\u00e1nyokat hoztak.<\/p><p>Ebben az egys\u00e9g \u00e9s sokas\u00e1g k\u00f6z\u00f6tti ingadoz\u00e1s mutatkozik meg, amely sok tengrista fogalomn\u00e1l megfigyelhet\u0151. Az altaji vall\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 kutat\u00e1s ezt olyan vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g kifejez\u0151d\u00e9sek\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezi, amely nem tesz \u00e9les k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get a helyi \u00e9s az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Rokon k\u00e9pzeteket t\u00e1rgyal a <a href=\"\/hu\/buga\/\">Buga<\/a> sz\u00f3cikk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Caroline Humphrey: <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Aus Sibirien<\/em> (1893)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Sergei Neklyudov: <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, Bd. 2 (Moszkva 1992)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A 8. sz\u00e1zadi Orchon-feliratok \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosza<\/span><\/em> a Yer-Subot a f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a v\u00edz kett\u0151s szent hatalmak\u00e9nt nevezi meg, amely Tengri \u00e9gi isten mellett kezeskedett az uralkod\u00f3 \u00e9s a n\u00e9p j\u00f3l\u00e9t\u00e9\u00e9rt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Yer-Sub Orchon Bilge Kag\u00e1n obo ovoo gazar usu Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yer-sub\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s a v\u00e9d\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, a <a href=\"\/hu\/sziberiai-samanizmus\/\">Szib\u00e9ria \/ Tengrismus<\/a> \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1nak szellem\u00e9ben. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sek, nem spiritu\u00e1lis gyakorlati aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sok.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yer-Sub, \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k f\u00f6ld- \u00e9s v\u00edzhatalom, a szent talaj ereje A Yer-Sub (\u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k Yer-Sub, \u201eF\u00f6ld-V\u00edz&#8221;) az \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k \u00e9s szib\u00e9riai-tengrizmus vall\u00e1si rendszer\u00e9ben a szent f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a szent vizek \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 numin\u00f3zus hatalm\u00e1t jel\u00f6li. Tengrit fel\u00fclr\u0151l \u00e9s Umait k\u00f6zbens\u0151 szintk\u00e9nt eg\u00e9sz\u00edti ki, kozmol\u00f3giai tri\u00e1szt alkotva. A t\u00f6r\u00f6k \u00e9s szib\u00e9riai-tengrista forr\u00e1sok a Yer-Subot a szent talaj f\u00f6ld- \u00e9s v\u00edzhatalm\u00e1nak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2856,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yer-Sub f\u00f6ld v\u00edz tengrimus","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yer-Sub - T\u00f6r\u00f6k f\u00f6ld-v\u00edz hatalom, m\u00edtosz \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"A Yer-Sub az \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k-tengrizmus hitvil\u00e1g\u00e1ban a f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a v\u00edz szent hatalm\u00e1t jel\u00f6li. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos elhelyez\u00e9s forr\u00e1sokkal.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"sibirisch-tengrismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-52451","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yer-Sub - T\u00f6r\u00f6k f\u00f6ld-v\u00edz hatalom, m\u00edtosz \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Yer-Sub az \u00f3t\u00f6r\u00f6k-tengrizmus hitvil\u00e1g\u00e1ban a f\u00f6ld \u00e9s a v\u00edz szent hatalm\u00e1t jel\u00f6li. 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