{"id":52399,"date":"2026-07-30T14:19:09","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yam-foniciai-tengeri-isten\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:19:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:19:32","slug":"yam","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/yam\/","title":{"rendered":"Yam &#8211; F\u0151n\u00edciai tengeri isten"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52399\" class=\"elementor elementor-52399 elementor-2630\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yam, f\u0151n\u00edciai-ugariti tengeri isten \u00e9s Baal ellenfele<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam (ugariti <em>ym<\/em>, f\u0151n\u00edciai <em>ym<\/em>) az ugariti-f\u0151n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1ny tengeri istene \u00e9s <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> f\u0151 ellenfele a Baal-ciklusban. Buk\u00e1sa jelzi az isteni rend megalapoz\u00e1s\u00e1t; a k\u00f6zel-keleti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitol\u00f3gia<\/span> kaoszszellemei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tengeri l\u00e9ny a f\u0151n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l.\">Tengeri l\u00e9ny<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/phoenizisch\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A f\u0151n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">F\u0151n\u00edciai<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tengeri isten.\">Tengeri isten<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yam-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2854\" alt=\"Yam - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-yam elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-yam elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-yam\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam a <strong>f\u0151n\u00edciai-ugariti<\/strong> tengeri isten \u00e9s Baal ellenfele a Baal-ciklusban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam a f\u0151n\u00edciai-k\u00e1na\u00e1ni mitol\u00f3gia kaotikus tenger\u00e9nek megtestes\u00fcl\u00e9se. Mark Smith <em>The Ugaritic Baal Cycle<\/em> (1994\/2009) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban kimutatta, hogy Yam a Baal-ciklusban a k\u00f6zponti ellenalak, amelynek buk\u00e1sa megalapozza <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g\u00e1t. A <a href=\"\/hu\/phoenizisch\/\">f\u0151n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyon<\/a> bel\u00fcl Yam a tenger prototipikus kaoszteni.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg Yam az isteni kaoszvizek t\u00edpus\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli, amely szinte valamennyi k\u00f6zel-keleti mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban megjelenik: Tiamat Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00e1ban, az Apsu \u00e9s a Marduk-Tiamat-konfliktus, <a href=\"\/hu\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> a <a href=\"\/hu\/hethitisch\/\">hurri hagyom\u00e1nyban<\/a>, Typh\u00f3n G\u00f6r\u00f6gorsz\u00e1gban. Ezek a kaoszv\u00edz-istenek nem egyszer\u0171en gonoszak, hanem ambivalens kozmikus l\u00e9nyek, amelyek legy\u0151z\u00e9se megalap\u00edtja az isteni rendet.<\/p><p><a href=\"\/hu\/hedammu\/\">Hedammut\u00f3l<\/a> vagy <a href=\"\/hu\/ullikummi\/\">Ullikummit\u00f3l<\/a> elt\u00e9r\u0151en Yam teljes \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 isten: saj\u00e1t palot\u00e1val rendelkezik, k\u00f6veteket k\u00fcld, \u00e9s ig\u00e9nyt tart a kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gra. Baal elleni veres\u00e9ge nem egy sz\u00f6rnyeteg megsemmis\u00edt\u00e9se, hanem egy isteni kir\u00e1lyharc d\u00f6nt\u00e9se. Ez a teol\u00f3giai k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg fontos, \u00e9s megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zteti az ugariti-f\u0151n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyt a hurri hagyom\u00e1nyt\u00f3l.<\/p><p>A Baal-Yam-konfliktus k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges teol\u00f3giai saj\u00e1toss\u00e1ga, hogy Yamet kezdetben El, az \u00f6reged\u0151 atyaisten t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyesen jel\u00f6li kir\u00e1lynak. Baal felemelked\u00e9se teh\u00e1t a meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott isteni hierarchia ellen\u00e9ben, nem pedig azzal \u00f6sszhangban zajlik. Ez a r\u00e9szlet al\u00e1h\u00fazza a Baal-ciklus forradalmi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1t<\/span>, amely \u00faj isteni rendet alap\u00edt.<\/p><p>Ez a teol\u00f3giai konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 &#8211; egy hivatalban l\u00e9v\u0151 kir\u00e1ly (Yam) \u00e9s egy forradalmi viharisten (Baal) &#8211; szoros p\u00e1rhuzamot mutat a hettita Kumarbi-ciklussal, amelyben <a href=\"\/hu\/teshub\/\">Teshub<\/a> a bevett atyaisten, <a href=\"\/hu\/kumarbi\/\">Kumarbi<\/a> ellen l\u00e9p fel. A kelet-mediterr\u00e1n k\u00e9s\u0151 bronzkori vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sek itt k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen s\u0171r\u0171ek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az <em>ym<\/em> n\u00e9v a k\u00f6z\u00f6s nyugati s\u00e9mi sz\u00f3 a &#8216;tenger&#8217; fogalm\u00e1ra; Yam teh\u00e1t sz\u00f3 szerint maga &#8216;a tenger&#8217;. A n\u00e9vnek \u00e9s a kozmikus kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1nak ez az azonoss\u00e1ga jellemz\u0151 az \u00f3kori keleti teog\u00f3ni\u00e1ra. Az akk\u00e1dban a megfelel\u0151je <em>t\u00e2mtu<\/em> (Tiamat); h\u00e9ber\u00fcl <em>y\u0101m<\/em> (azonos etimol\u00f3gi\u00e1val, de nem isteni szem\u00e9lyes\u00edt\u00e9sben).<\/p><p>Az ugariti sz\u00f6vegekben Yam t\u00f6bb mell\u00e9kn\u00e9ven szerepel: <em>zbl ym<\/em> &#8216;Yam herceg&#8217;, <em>tp\u1e6d nhr<\/em> &#8216;Folyam b\u00edr\u00e1ja&#8217;, <em>\u02beyl rbn<\/em> &#8216;Hatalmas isten&#8217; \u00e9s <em>tnn<\/em> &#8216;Tannin&#8217; (tengeri s\u00e1rk\u00e1ny). A t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6s elnevez\u00e9s a kozmikus t\u00f6bbfunkcionalit\u00e1st t\u00fckr\u00f6zi: Yam egyszerre tenger, foly\u00f3, s\u00e1rk\u00e1ny \u00e9s kir\u00e1lys\u00e1got ig\u00e9nyl\u0151 hatalom.<\/p><p>A h\u00e9ber anyagban Yam t\u00f6bb zsolt\u00e1rban \u00e9s pr\u00f3f\u00e9tai sz\u00f6vegben Jahve kozmikus ellenfelek\u00e9nt jelenik meg (Zsolt 74; Zsolt 89; \u00c9zs 27; Hab 3); a Liwjatan (Leviat\u00e1n) \u00e9s a Tannin szint\u00e9n a kiterjedt Yam-csoporthoz tartoznak.<\/p><p>John Day <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban r\u00e9szletesen vizsg\u00e1lta a h\u00e9ber adatokat; Mark Smith <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em> (2001) k\u00f6tet\u00e9ben elv\u00e9gezte a t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti besorol\u00e1st.<\/p><p>Az 1. \u00e9vezred ar\u00e1m \u00e9s f\u0151n\u00edciai feliratain a szem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett Yam-alak elt\u0171nik; a tengert egyre ink\u00e1bb csup\u00e1n kozmikus szf\u00e9rak\u00e9nt, nem pedig cselekv\u0151 istenk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtik. A tenger e &#8216;megszem\u00e9lytelen\u00edt\u00e9se&#8217; vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg tanuls\u00e1gos, \u00e9s p\u00e1rhuzamosan zajlik a Baal-kultusz f\u0151 kultuszk\u00e9nt val\u00f3 megszil\u00e1rdul\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam szem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett form\u00e1ban ritk\u00e1n jelenik meg az ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ban; \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban magak\u00e9nt a tengerk\u00e9nt vagy hatalmas tengeri k\u00edgy\u00f3k\u00e9nt (Tannin) \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny Kr. e. 14-13. sz\u00e1zadi ugariti pecs\u00e9ten a Baal-Yam-harc szimbolikus form\u00e1ban l\u00e1that\u00f3: Baal emelt buzog\u00e1nnyal egy k\u00edgy\u00f3alak felett.<\/p><p>F\u0151n\u00edciai \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sekben a Yam-ikonogr\u00e1fia m\u00e9g ritk\u00e1bb; a tengert gyakrabban a f\u0151n\u00edciai haj\u00f3z\u00e1s kozmikus k\u00f6zeg\u00e9nek szimb\u00f3lumak\u00e9nt jelen\u00edtik meg haj\u00f3orr-k\u00e9pekkel, halmot\u00edvumokkal \u00e9s hull\u00e1md\u00edsz\u00edt\u00e9ssel, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy k\u00f6zvetlen Yam-szem\u00e9lyes\u00edt\u00e9s szerepelne.<\/p><p>Egy fontos ikonogr\u00e1fiai hagyom\u00e1ny a hellenisztikus-r\u00f3mai k\u00f6zegben fejl\u0151dik ki: Yam-Poszeid\u00f3n h\u00e1rom\u00e1g\u00fa szigonnyal \u00e9s l\u00f3fogattal. A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Poszeid\u00f3n-k\u00e9pek \u00e1tvitele a f\u0151n\u00edciai-nyugati s\u00e9mi tengeristen-hagyom\u00e1nyra kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 hangs\u00falyos a f\u0151n\u00edciai anyaf\u00f6ld\u00f6n, mint a nyugat-mediterr\u00e1n gyarmatokon, ahol az g\u00f6r\u00f6g hat\u00e1s intenz\u00edvebb volt.<\/p><p>A Ras Schamr\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 h\u00edres bika-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Feliratos vagy k\u00e9pes, \u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u0151- vagy fat\u00e1bla.\" tabindex=\"0\">szt\u00e9l\u00e9<\/span> Baal l\u00e1bai alatt egy kis k\u00edgy\u00f3form\u00e1t mutat; a kutat\u00e1s ezt a k\u00edgy\u00f3t gyakran Yam-Tanninnal azonos\u00edtja. Ez az ikonogr\u00e1fiai meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9se Baal k\u00edgy\u00f3 feletti gy\u0151zelm\u00e9nek a Baal-ciklus egyik legfontosabb k\u00e9pi tan\u00fas\u00e1ga.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitol\u00f3giai elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam f\u0151 forr\u00e1sa az ugariti Baal-ciklus (KTU 1.1, 1.2), amely Yam \u00e9s <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> konfliktus\u00e1t \u00e1br\u00e1zolja. A cselekm\u00e9ny alapvonalai: Yam, akit El hivatalosan kir\u00e1lynak jel\u00f6lt, k\u00f6veteket k\u00fcld az istengy\u0171l\u00e9shez, \u00e9s Baal kiszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00f6veteli. Az istenek remegnek \u00e9s lehajtj\u00e1k fej\u00fcket; egyed\u00fcl Baal szeg\u00fcl ellen, \u00e9s elfogadja a harcot.<\/p><p>Kothar-wa-Khasis kov\u00e1csisten k\u00e9t var\u00e1zsfegyvert k\u00e9sz\u00edt Baalnak, amelyeknek neve &#8216;Ajamur&#8217; \u00e9s &#8216;Jagrusch&#8217; (&#8216;az el\u0171z\u0151&#8217; \u00e9s &#8216;az elkerget\u0151&#8217;). Baal ezekkel harcol Yam ellen; az els\u0151 csap\u00e1s megingatja Yamet, a m\u00e1sodik sz\u00e9tz\u00fazza.<\/p><p>Yam a f\u00f6ldre zuhan; Baal kiki\u00e1lt: &#8216;Yam halott, Baal a kir\u00e1ly!&#8217; Mark Smith r\u00e9szletesen komment\u00e1lta a sz\u00f6veget monument\u00e1lis kiad\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sik ugariti epiz\u00f3d <a href=\"\/hu\/anat-phoenix\/\">Anat<\/a> \u00e9s Yam harc\u00e1t \u00edrja le; Anat fiv\u00e9r\u00e9t, Baalt t\u00e1mogatja. Anat &#8216;megveri a tengert, megsemmis\u00edti a foly\u00f3t, megal\u00e1zza a Tannint, legy\u0151zi a tekerg\u0151z\u0151 k\u00edgy\u00f3t&#8217;. Ez az Anat-Yam-jelenet vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg tanuls\u00e1gos, \u00e9s mutatja, hogy a kaoszv\u00edz elleni harc kollekt\u00edv isteni er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9s volt, nem csup\u00e1n Baal mag\u00e1nakci\u00f3ja.<\/p><p>Egy t\u00f6red\u00e9kes epiz\u00f3d Yamet El &#8216;fiaival&#8217; (<em>bn \u02beil<\/em>) kapcsolatban \u00e1br\u00e1zolja, akik istengy\u0171l\u00e9sk\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dnek. Yam k\u00f6vetel\u00e9s\u00e9t az istengy\u0171l\u00e9s t\u00e1rgyalja, El beleegyezik, \u00e9s csak Baal \u00e1ll ellen. Ez az &#8216;isteni tan\u00e1cs&#8217;-hagyom\u00e1ny vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg jelent\u0151s, \u00e9s p\u00e1rhuzamba \u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 a h\u00e9ber &#8216;Isten fiai&#8217; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Visszat\u00e9r\u0151 tartalmi elem a m\u0171v\u00e9szetben vagy az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sben.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edvum\u00e1val<\/span> (J\u00f3b 1; Zsolt 82).<\/p><p>Az ugariti \u00e9nekesek a Baal-Yam-konfliktust val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg teljes el\u0151ad\u00e1sban adt\u00e1k el\u0151, t\u00e1blahordoz\u00f3kkal, hangszerekkel \u00e9s kultikus t\u00e1ncokkal. Ezt az el\u0151ad\u00e1sdimenzi\u00f3 az \u00fajabb Ugarit-kutat\u00e1s rendszeresen feldolgozta, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Wilfred Watson \u00e9s Pierre Bordreuil munk\u00e1iban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s tisztelet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam nem volt kultuszc\u00edmpont; k\u00e1oszistenk\u00e9nt nem tisztelt\u00e9k, hanem ritu\u00e1lisan legy\u0151zt\u00e9k. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny v\u00e9delmi ritu\u00e1l\u00e9ban a kozmikus vesz\u00e9ly prototipikus p\u00e9ld\u00e1jak\u00e9nt jelenik meg, amelyet isteni beavatkoz\u00e1ssal kell elh\u00e1r\u00edtani.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtoszt<\/span> azonban az \u00e1llami kultuszban felolvast\u00e1k; a Baal-ciklus az ugariti \u00e9nekesek reperto\u00e1rj\u00e1ba tartozott, \u00e9s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg nagy \u00fcnnepeken adt\u00e1k el\u0151. A Baal-Yam-jelenet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott vall\u00e1si cselekv\u00e9si rendhez tartoz\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lis<\/span> ism\u00e9tl\u00e9se tal\u00e1n a tavaszi \u00fcnnepr\u00edtus r\u00e9sze volt, hasonl\u00f3an a mezopot\u00e1miai Enuma Elis \u00faj\u00e9vi \u00fcnnepen val\u00f3 el\u0151ad\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p><p>A f\u0151n\u00edciai haj\u00f3z\u00e1si ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban a tengert <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott vall\u00e1si cselekv\u00e9si rendhez tartoz\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lisan<\/span> engesztelt\u00e9k; a haj\u00f3skapit\u00e1nyok \u00e9s utaz\u00f3k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istens\u00e9gnek adott adom\u00e1ny, h\u00e1la, k\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy tisztelet kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ldozatokat<\/span> mutattak be a tengernek a biztons\u00e1gos \u00e1tkel\u00e9s rem\u00e9ny\u00e9ben. Ez a haj\u00f3z\u00e1si vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g nem utalt k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl Yamra, de ugyanabba a kozmol\u00f3giai k\u00e9pzetvil\u00e1gba tartozott. Sabatino Moscati t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban \u00edrta le a f\u0151n\u00edciai tengeri kult\u00far\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Fontos ritu\u00e1lis \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s \u00e1ll fenn a Yam-gy\u0151zelem \u00e9s az ugariti tavaszi \u00fcnnep k\u00f6z\u00f6tt; a konfliktust val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a kora tavaszi viharok idej\u00e9n aktualiz\u00e1lt\u00e1k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott vall\u00e1si cselekv\u00e9si rendhez tartoz\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lisan<\/span>, amikor a neh\u00e9z t\u00e9li es\u0151k csillapodtak \u00e9s megkezd\u0151d\u00f6tt a haj\u00f3z\u00e1si \u00e9vad. Ez a ritu\u00e1lis szezonalit\u00e1s jellemz\u0151 a kelet-mediterr\u00e1n k\u00e9s\u0151 bronzkorra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat \u00e9s apotropaikus elemek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A kaotikus tenger elleni apotropaikus gyakorlatok elterjedtek voltak f\u0151n\u00edciai k\u00f6r\u00f6kben. A haj\u00f3orr-d\u00edsz\u00edt\u00e9seken apotropaikus szemek, bikakorv-szimb\u00f3lumok vagy a &#8216;Tanit-jel&#8217; jelenik meg a tenger vesz\u00e9lyei elleni v\u00e9delemk\u00e9nt. Ezek a k\u00e9pek a f\u0151n\u00edciai kereskedelmi \u00e9s hadihaj\u00f3k szok\u00e1sos felszerel\u00e9s\u00e9nek r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezt\u00e9k.<\/p><p>A kik\u00f6t\u0151v\u00e1rosokban &#8216;a d\u00fch\u00f6ng\u0151 tenger \u00e9s l\u00e9nyei&#8217; ellen v\u00e9delmi formul\u00e1kat alkalmaztak; a pun feliratokban tengeri utakr\u00f3l val\u00f3 szerencs\u00e9s visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9rt tett fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kok tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Ez az utaz\u00e1si vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg \u00e9rdekes, mert k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl vall\u00e1sos keretbe helyezi a f\u0151n\u00edciai vil\u00e1g nemzetk\u00f6zi mobilit\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l Yam a kaotikus tenger megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja. Baal var\u00e1zsfegyverei \u00e1ltali narrat\u00edv veres\u00e9ge t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg \u00f6sszevethet\u0151 a Marduk-Tiamat-konfliktussal, amelyben szint\u00e9n var\u00e1zsfegyverek biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k a gy\u0151zelmet. Az iWell Guard Yamet t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti-mitol\u00f3giai alakk\u00e9nt tartja sz\u00e1mon, aktu\u00e1lis v\u00e9delmi funkci\u00f3 \u00e9s modern gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1s-\u00edg\u00e9retek n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/p><p>A karth\u00e1g\u00f3i \u00e9s motyai pun feliratokban &#8216;a tenger istenei&#8217; (f\u0151n\u00edciai <em>\u02belm ym<\/em>) tengeri utaz\u00e1sok el\u0151tti fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kok c\u00edmzettjeik\u00e9nt szerepelnek; hogy itt k\u00f6zvetlen Yam-eml\u00e9kezet vagy \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos tengeristen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy hatalom k\u00e9r\u0151 vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">foh\u00e1sz<\/span> \u00e1ll-e fenn, vitatott.<\/p><p>A f\u0151n\u00edciai haj\u00f3orr-szemek vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00e9d\u0151szimb\u00f3lum, amulett vagy apotropaikus t\u00e1rgy.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaikusnak<\/span> \u00e9rtelmezend\u0151k; a haj\u00f3 tekintet\u00e9t Yam \u00e9s l\u00e9nyei ellen ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151 er\u0151v\u00e9 alak\u00edtj\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yam a kaoszv\u00edz-istenek nemzetk\u00f6zi csoportj\u00e1ba tartozik. Mezopot\u00e1miai megfelel\u0151je az Enuma Elisb\u0151l ismert Tiamat; a <a href=\"\/hu\/hethitisch\/\">hurri-hettita hagyom\u00e1nyban<\/a> <a href=\"\/hu\/hedammu\/\">Hedammu<\/a> \u00e9s a t\u00f6red\u00e9kes &#8216;Tenger \u00e9neke&#8217; (CTH 346) <a href=\"\/hu\/teshub\/\">Teshub<\/a> ellen. Mark Smith \u00e9s Mary Bachvarova t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban dokument\u00e1lta e mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1k \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9seit.<\/p><p>A h\u00e9ber anyagban Yam t\u00f6bb zsolt\u00e1rban Jahve kozmikus ellenfelek\u00e9nt szerepel; a teremt\u00e9s Jahv\u00e9nak Yam, Liwjatan \u00e9s Tannin feletti gy\u0151zelmek\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezhet\u0151 (Zsolt 74,13-14; \u00c9zs 27,1). Ezek a sz\u00f6vegek a h\u00e9ber Biblia &#8216;k\u00e1oszharc\u00e1nak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1hoz<\/span>&#8216; tartoznak, \u00e9s vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl f\u00fcggenek az ugariti Yam-hagyom\u00e1nyt\u00f3l.<\/p><p>A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Typh\u00f3nnal Yam a k\u00e1oszellens\u00e9g profilj\u00e1t osztja; Poszeid\u00f3nnal a tenger megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t, b\u00e1r l\u00e9nyegesen elt\u00e9r\u0151 teol\u00f3giai konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3ban. A hellenisztikus-r\u00f3mai korban a f\u0151n\u00edciai Yamet Poszeid\u00f3nnal azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k; az akt\u00edv k\u00e1oszellens\u00e9g-profil ek\u00f6zben a haj\u00f3z\u00e1sisten-funkci\u00f3ra m\u00f3dosult.<\/p><p>Urartui feliratokban megjelenik egy Quera nev\u0171 tengeristen, amelynek Yammal val\u00f3 vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kapcsolat\u00e1t az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9vekben vitatj\u00e1k. Mirjo Salvini kutat\u00e1sa itt fontos \u00faj eredm\u00e9nyeket k\u00edn\u00e1l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mai recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Yam-kutat\u00e1s ma magas szinten \u00e1ll. Mark Smith \u00e9s Wayne Pitard Baal-ciklus-kiad\u00e1sa a standard referencia; John Day <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985) k\u00f6tet\u00e9ben r\u00e9szletesen vizsg\u00e1lta a h\u00e9ber p\u00e1rhuzamokat. Daniel Schwemer <em>Die Wettergottgestalten<\/em> (2001) k\u00f6tet\u00e9ben ny\u00fajtotta a t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti keretet.<\/p><p>A popul\u00e1ris recepci\u00f3ban Yam f\u0151k\u00e9nt az ugariti m\u00edtoszok \u00e9s a h\u00e9ber-bibliai utal\u00e1sok r\u00e9v\u00e9n ismert. \u00dajpog\u00e1ny szellem\u0171 szellemi \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9led\u00e9s nem figyelhet\u0151 meg.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l Yam ma a k\u00f6zel-keleti kaoszv\u00edz-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> \u00e9s a viharisten-tengeri harc m\u00edtoszcsal\u00e1dj\u00e1nak k\u00f6zponti vizsg\u00e1lati t\u00e1rgya.<\/p><p>A jelenlegi kutat\u00e1si hangs\u00falyok a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 tengeri l\u00e9nyek (Yam, Liwjatan, Tannin) elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re, a bibliai p\u00e1rhuzamokra \u00e9s a mezopot\u00e1miai Tiamat-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz f\u0171z\u0151d\u0151 pontos vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti viszonyra ir\u00e1nyulnak. Az iWell Guard Yamet t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti p\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt tartja nyilv\u00e1n, k\u00f6zvetlen v\u00e9delmi vonatkoz\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/p><p>A modern bibliai kutat\u00e1sban Yam mint a teremt\u00e9s- \u00e9s kaosztextusok vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti h\u00e1ttere egyre rendszeresebb feldolgoz\u00e1sban r\u00e9szes\u00fcl. Bernard Batto \u00e9s John Day t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban r\u00e9szletesen vizsg\u00e1lta a Yam-hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9s a h\u00e9ber teremt\u00e9selbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9seit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az al\u00e1bbi v\u00e1logat\u00e1s \u00f6sszefoglalja a Yam-kutat\u00e1s legfontosabb alapm\u00fcveit. Tartalmaz sz\u00f6vegkiad\u00e1sokat, t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szint\u00e9ziseket \u00e9s a h\u00e9ber-bibliai p\u00e1rhuzamokat vizsg\u00e1l\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyokat. Mark Smith Baal-ciklus-kiad\u00e1sa az els\u0151dleges forr\u00e1s alapja; John Day \u00e9s Schwemer a vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kontextualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3t ny\u00fajtj\u00e1k. Mary Bachvarova a g\u00f6r\u00f6g hagyom\u00e1nyhoz vezet\u0151 k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u0151vonalat mutatja be.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp267ce5fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp267ce5fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c5eeff3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c5eeff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az ugariti Baal-ciklus mint f\u0151forr\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24751ec0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24751ec0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20cca71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20cca71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Szinte mindaz, ami <em>Jamm\u00far\u00f3l<\/em> mint cselekv\u0151 alakr\u00f3l elmondhat\u00f3, egyetlen sz\u00f6vegkomplexumb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik: az \u00fagynevezett Baal-ciklusb\u00f3l, egy alfabetikus \u00e9k\u00edr\u00e1ssal \u00edrt agyagt\u00e1bla-sorozatb\u00f3l, amelyek 1929 \u00e9s az 1930-as \u00e9vek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt ker\u00fcltek napvil\u00e1gra Claude Schaeffer francia \u00e1sat\u00e1sain a sz\u00edriai tengerpart <em>Tell Ras Schamra<\/em> nev\u0171 lel\u0151hely\u00e9n.<\/p><p>A t\u00e1bl\u00e1kat ma KTU 1.1-t\u0151l 1.6-ig terjed\u0151 jelzetekkel tartj\u00e1k nyilv\u00e1n; a Yam-epiz\u00f3d KTU 1.1-re \u00e9s 1.2-re koncentr\u00e1l\u00f3dik. A kolofon szerint Ilimilku \u00edrnokmester \u00edrta \u0151ket, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a Kr. e. 14. vagy 13. sz\u00e1zadban.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s<\/span> hi\u00e1nyos. A KTU 1.1 t\u00e1bla er\u0151sen s\u00e9r\u00fclt, a konfliktus kezdete nagyr\u00e9szt hi\u00e1nyzik. Csak KTU 1.2 indul \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151 jelenettel: Yam k\u00f6veteket k\u00fcld az istengy\u0171l\u00e9shez, \u00e9s Baal kiszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00f6veteli.<\/p><p>A kutat\u00e1s Charles Virolleaud els\u0151 kiad\u00e1sai \u00f3ta vitatja, hogy egy elveszett tov\u00e1bbi t\u00e1bla tartalmazta-e az \u00f6sszet\u0171z\u00e9s kezdet\u00e9t. A t\u00e1bl\u00e1k sorrendje maga sem kolofon \u00e1ltal r\u00f6gz\u00edtett, hanem a kiad\u00f3k rekonstrukci\u00f3ja.<\/p><p>A tudom\u00e1nyos munk\u00e1hoz ez a forr\u00e1shelyzet d\u00f6nt\u0151: Yam nem egy soksz\u00edn\u0171, soksz\u00f3lam\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s<\/span> alakja, hanem szinte kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag egy Baal-p\u00e1rti elbesz\u00e9l\u0151 sz\u00f6veg perspekt\u00edv\u00e1j\u00e1b\u00f3l megragadhat\u00f3. Az \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 Yam-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultuszra<\/span>, a hozz\u00e1 sz\u00f3l\u00f3 himnuszokra vagy a Baallal val\u00f3 konfliktuson k\u00edv\u00fcli szerep\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3 kijelent\u00e9sek ez\u00e9rt spekulat\u00edvak maradnak.<\/p><p>A standard kiad\u00e1s ma Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz \u00e9s Joaqu\u00edn Sanmart\u00edn <em>Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit<\/em> (KTU) k\u00f6tete; sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben haszn\u00e1lt angol ford\u00edt\u00e1st \u00e9s komment\u00e1rt Mark S. Smith k\u00e9sz\u00edtett.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24e2e352 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp24e2e352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22d58ce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22d58ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az istengy\u0171l\u00e9s \u00e9s Yam \u00fczenete<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp248e4b3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp248e4b3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp220d4b7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp220d4b7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A legjobban meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt Yam-jelenet (KTU 1.2 i) a f\u0151isten <em>El<\/em> eln\u00f6klete alatt \u00fcl\u00e9sez\u0151 istengy\u0171l\u00e9st mutatja. Yam k\u00e9t k\u00f6vetet k\u00fcld azzal az utas\u00edt\u00e1ssal, hogy adj\u00e1k ki Baalt ad\u00f3k\u00f6telesk\u00e9nt vagy foglyk\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>A sz\u00f6veg pontos koreogr\u00e1fi\u00e1t ad a jelenetnek: az istenek a k\u00f6vetek \u00e9rkez\u00e9sekor t\u00e9rdeikre hajtj\u00e1k fej\u00fcket, ez a f\u00e9lelem gesztusa. Baal megfeddi \u0151ket, \u00e9s felegyenesedik.<\/p><p>El, a gy\u0171l\u00e9s p\u00e1tri\u00e1rk\u00e1ja enged\u00e9kenyen reag\u00e1l. T\u00f6bb szakaszban is kegyenc\u00e9nek nevezi Yamet, \u00e9s \u00fagy t\u0171nik, k\u00e9sz eleget tenni a k\u00f6vetel\u00e9snek, amikor Baalt Yam szolg\u00e1jak\u00e9nt jel\u00f6li meg.<\/p><p>El magatart\u00e1sa sokat vitatott pont: megmutatja, hogy az ugariti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonban<\/span> a legf\u0151bb isten nem azonos a gy\u0151ztes vihartennel, \u00e9s politikai sz\u00ednezetet ad a konfliktusnak, szinte egy csal\u00e1don bel\u00fcli tr\u00f3nvisz\u00e1ly\u00e9ra eml\u00e9keztet\u0151t.<\/p><p>Yam ezekben a sorokban \u00e1lland\u00f3 kett\u0151s neveket visel. Az <em>ym<\/em> mellett megjelenik a <em>tpt nhr<\/em>, amelyet \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban &#8222;Folyam b\u00edr\u00e1ja&#8221; vagy &#8222;\u00c1radat ura&#8221; ford\u00edt\u00e1ssal adnak vissza. A &#8222;tenger&#8221; \u00e9s &#8222;foly\u00f3&#8221; p\u00e1rhuzamos elhelyez\u00e9se az ugariti k\u00f6lt\u00e9szet tipikus st\u00edlusfog\u00e1sa, \u00e9s egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171v\u00e9 teszi, hogy Yam az \u00f6sszes zabol\u00e1tlan vizet megtestes\u00edti, nem csup\u00e1n a ny\u00edlt tengert.<\/p><p>A jelenet Baal megtagad\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s azzal az \u00edg\u00e9ret\u00e9vel \u00e9r v\u00e9get, hogy megt\u00e1madja a k\u00f6veteket \u00e9s urukat. Ezzel k\u00f6zvetlen el\u0151zm\u00e9nye az ugyanazon a t\u00e1bl\u00e1n, KTU 1.2 iv-ben elbesz\u00e9lt p\u00e1rviadalnak. Az ellenalakhoz l\u00e1sd m\u00e9g <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> mint a Baal-n\u00e9v k\u00e9s\u0151i f\u0151n\u00edciai v\u00e1ltozat\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Mark Smith \/ Wayne Pitard: <em>The Ugaritic Baal Cycle<\/em> (Leiden 1994\/2009)<\/li><li>John Day: <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (Cambridge 1985)<\/li><li>Daniel Schwemer: <em>Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens<\/em> (Wiesbaden 2001)<\/li><li>Mark Smith: <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em> (Oxford 2001)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Mary Bachvarova: <em>From Hittite to Homer<\/em> (Cambridge 2016)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yam e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yam\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yam-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yam-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az <em>ugariti<\/em> Baal-ciklusban, amelyet a Ras Schamr\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3, Kr. e. tizennegyedik sz\u00e1zadi agyagt\u00e1bl\u00e1kon hagyom\u00e1nyoztak, Yam tengeri istenk\u00e9nt \u00e9s Baal ellenfelek\u00e9nt l\u00e9p fel, akit Baal v\u00e9g\u00fcl az Ajamur \u00e9s Jagrusch dob\u00f3fegyverekkel gy\u0151z le.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Yam f\u0151n\u00edciai tengeri isten Baal-ciklus Tannin Liwjatan kaoszv\u00edz.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yam\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s v\u00e9d\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, a <a href=\"\/hu\/phoenizisch\/\">f\u0151n\u00edciai<\/a> \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s kult\u00fara vil\u00e1gszerte \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00fcl\u0151 \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9b\u0151l mer\u00edtve. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yam-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yam-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti besorol\u00e1st ny\u00fajtanak, nem szellemi gyakorlatra vonatkoz\u00f3 aj\u00e1nl\u00e1st.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yam, f\u0151n\u00edciai-ugariti tengeri isten \u00e9s Baal ellenfele Yam (ugariti ym, f\u0151n\u00edciai ym) az ugariti-f\u0151n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1ny tengeri istene \u00e9s Baal f\u0151 ellenfele a Baal-ciklusban. Buk\u00e1sa jelzi az isteni rend megalapoz\u00e1s\u00e1t; a k\u00f6zel-keleti mitol\u00f3gia kaoszszellemei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik. Tengeri l\u00e9nyF\u0151n\u00edciaiTengeri isten Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Yam a f\u0151n\u00edciai-ugariti tengeri isten \u00e9s Baal ellenfele a Baal-ciklusban. Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil Yam a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2854,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yam f\u0151n\u00edciai tengeri isten Baal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yam - F\u0151n\u00edciai tengeri isten, Baal-ciklus","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yam a f\u0151n\u00edciai-ugariti tengeri isten, a Baal-ciklus f\u0151 ellenfele. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos besorol\u00e1s mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1val.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-52399","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yam - F\u0151n\u00edciai tengeri isten, Baal-ciklus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yam a f\u0151n\u00edciai-ugariti tengeri isten, a Baal-ciklus f\u0151 ellenfele. 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