{"id":52362,"date":"2026-07-30T14:16:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hina-polinez-holdistenno-es-osanya\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:16:51","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:16:51","slug":"hina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/hina\/","title":{"rendered":"Hina &#8211; Polin\u00e9z holdistenn\u0151 \u00e9s \u0151sanya"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52362\" class=\"elementor elementor-52362 elementor-2603\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hina - Polin\u00e9z holdistenn\u0151, \u0151sanya \u00e9s sokarc\u00fa Atua<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hina a polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1s egyik k\u00f6zponti n\u0151i Atu\u00e1ja. K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mell\u00e9kneveken holdistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt, \u0151sanyak\u00e9nt, v\u00edzistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt vagy az alvil\u00e1g istenn\u0151jek\u00e9nt jelenik meg. A maori hagyom\u00e1nyban szorosan kapcsol\u00f3dik Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3hoz, az \u00e9jszaka nagy asszony\u00e1hoz. Ez a le\u00edr\u00e1s bemutatja sokoldal\u00fa vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos helyzet\u00e9t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Istenn\u0151 a Polin\u00e9zia \/ Maori hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l.\">Istenn\u0151<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/polynesisch-maori\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A Polin\u00e9zia \/ Maori hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">Polin\u00e9zia \/ Maori<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Hold- \u00e9s \u0151sanyaistens\u00e9g.\">Hold- \u00e9s \u0151sanyaistens\u00e9g<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas 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class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-hina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-hina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of 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975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_hina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2710\" alt=\"Hina - G\u00f6tter aus der Polynesisch-maori-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_hina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_hina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_hina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_hina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elhelyez\u00e9s a polin\u00e9z panteonban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hina p\u00e1npolin\u00e9z alak. Hawaiin (Hina), Tahitin (Hina), Tong\u00e1n (Hina) \u00e9s Aotearo\u00e1n (Hina, Hine form\u00e1ban) hasonl\u00f3 neveken jelenik meg. Pontos funkci\u00f3i r\u00e9gi\u00f3nk\u00e9nt v\u00e1ltoznak: Hawaiin gyakran holdistenn\u0151 \u00e9s Maui anyja; Tahitin holdistenn\u0151 \u00e9s anya; Aotearo\u00e1n Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 alakj\u00e1ban az alvil\u00e1g \u00e9s a haland\u00f3s\u00e1g istenn\u0151je.<\/p><p>Margaret Orbell, Martha Beckwith \u00e9s Mary Kawena Pukui dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k a region\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltozatokat. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l Hina az egyik legjobb p\u00e9lda arra, hogy a polin\u00e9z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s figurak\u00e9szletb\u0151l region\u00e1lisan elt\u00e9r\u0151 panteonokat alkot.<\/p><p>A maori <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span>, amelyben Hina Hine alakj\u00e1ban hagyja nyom\u00e1t, z\u00e1rt tant\u00e9telrendszer n\u00e9lk\u00fcl l\u00e9tezik. R\u00f6gz\u00edtett doktr\u00edna nincs; az Atu\u00e1k val\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t a gyakorlatban igazolj\u00e1k: a Karaki\u00e1ban, a Mara\u00e9n tartott gy\u00fclekezetekben \u00e9s a Whakapapa-recit\u00e1ci\u00f3kban.<\/p><p>A gyakorlatra \u00e9p\u00fcl\u0151 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> e form\u00e1j\u00e1t a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a vall\u00e1sokat \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerrel \u00e9s felekezeti k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcl kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1studom\u00e1ny<\/span> \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rt\u00e9keli; Mary Ann Boord \u00e9s Edward Tregear Polin\u00e9zi\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 vall\u00e1setnogr\u00e1fiai tanulm\u00e1nyaikban rendszerszer\u0171en dolgozt\u00e1k ki.<\/p><p>Aki Hin\u00e1t kutatja, a polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos kutat\u00e1s alapvet\u0151 neh\u00e9zs\u00e9g\u00e9be \u00fctk\u00f6zik: a forr\u00e1sok nagy r\u00e9sze a gyarmati 19. sz\u00e1zadb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik, \u00e9s misszion\u00e1riusok, illetve etnol\u00f3gusok szeml\u00e9letm\u00f3dja \u00e1ltal \u00e1tsz\u00ednt.<\/p><p>Az \u00fajabb kutat\u00e1s ez\u00e9rt folyamatosan dolgozik e forr\u00e1sok dekoloniz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1n: polin\u00e9z hangokat \u00e1ll\u00edt a k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontba, \u00e9s kritikusan vizsg\u00e1lja a nyugati rendez\u0151 fogalmakat.<\/p><p>Ha a polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1st \u00d3ce\u00e1nia, Ausztr\u00e1lia \u00e9s D\u00e9lkelet-\u00c1zsia m\u00e1s \u0151shonos vall\u00e1saival vetj\u00fck \u00f6ssze, kett\u0151s saj\u00e1toss\u00e1g mutatkozik: az alapmot\u00edvumokban figyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3an \u00e1lland\u00f3 marad, ugyanakkor helyileg alkalmazkodik. Hina, aki Hawaiin, Tahitin, Tong\u00e1n \u00e9s Aotearo\u00e1n hasonl\u00f3 neveken, m\u00e9gis elt\u00e9r\u0151 funkci\u00f3kkal jelenik meg, erre szeml\u00e9letes p\u00e9lda.<\/p><p>Az egyetemess\u00e9g \u00e9s a lokalit\u00e1s k\u00f6z\u00f6tti ez a fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g a csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1ni vall\u00e1setnol\u00f3gia egyik fontos vizsg\u00e1lati t\u00e1rgy\u00e1t alkotja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hina, Hine vagy Sina n\u00e9v (hangz\u00e1sbeli v\u00e1ltakoz\u00e1ssal a nyelv\u00e1gak szerint) a maoriban &#8216;n\u0151t&#8217; vagy &#8216;le\u00e1nyszer\u0171 l\u00e9nyt&#8217; jelent. A Hinetitama (&#8216;a hajnalhasad\u00e1s Hin\u00e1ja&#8217;), Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 (&#8216;a nagy \u00e9jszaka Hin\u00e1ja&#8217;), Hina-ka-malama (&#8216;Hina a holdban&#8217;) \u00f6sszet\u00e9telek pontos\u00edtj\u00e1k a funkci\u00f3kat.<\/p><p>Az etimol\u00f3gia a proto-polin\u00e9z *Sina sz\u00f3ra vezethet\u0151 vissza, amelynek jelent\u00e9se &#8216;sz\u00fcrke&#8217; (mint a holdf\u00e9ny) vagy &#8216;n\u0151&#8217;. Mindk\u00e9t jelent\u00e9s jelen van a hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekben. Bruce Biggs \u00e9s m\u00e1s nyelv\u00e9szek t\u00e1rgyalt\u00e1k az etimol\u00f3gi\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Az, hogy Hina Hine vagy Sina form\u00e1ban \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos mell\u00e9knev\u00e9n is megjelenik, nyelvt\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg tanuls\u00e1gos: az ilyen n\u00e9vgazdags\u00e1g olyan sz\u00f3beli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1nyra<\/span> utal, amely region\u00e1lisan gazdagon differenci\u00e1l\u00f3dott.<\/p><p>A maori \u00e9s hawaii teonim\u00e1k nyelv\u00e9szeti m\u00e9lys\u00e9g\u00e9t Bruce Biggs \u00e9s Hugh Clarke lexikogr\u00e1fiai munk\u00e1i dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k &#8211; ez az a kutat\u00e1s, amely egyszersmind alapvet\u0151 a polin\u00e9z nyelvek rokons\u00e1g\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p><p>Hina mell\u00e9knevei gyakran t\u00f6bb mint puszta d\u00edsz. Meghat\u00e1rozott ritu\u00e1lis funkci\u00f3kat k\u00f3dolnak, \u00e9s a Karakia-formul\u00e1kban r\u00f6gz\u00fcltek. A Tohunga, a ritu\u00e1lis szak\u00e9rt\u0151k, pontosan tudt\u00e1k, melyik mell\u00e9knevet kell melyik helyzetben alkalmazni. Ezt a szab\u00e1lyozott liturgikus gyakorlatot Charles Royal \u00e9s Pou Temara vizsg\u00e1lj\u00e1k.<\/p><p>A mell\u00e9kneveknek alapul szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 eredeti jelent\u00e9s gyakran vitatott &#8211; mag\u00e1t a Hina nevet is vissza lehet vezetni a proto-polin\u00e9z *Sina sz\u00f3ra &#8216;sz\u00fcrke&#8217; \u00e9s &#8216;n\u0151&#8217; jelent\u00e9sben egyar\u00e1nt. Sokszor egym\u00e1s mellett \u00e1llnak egym\u00e1ssal verseng\u0151 etimol\u00f3giai javaslatok an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 forr\u00e1sok d\u00f6nt\u00e9st engedn\u00e9nek. A modern <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a vall\u00e1sokat \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerrel \u00e9s felekezeti k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcl kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1studom\u00e1ny<\/span> ezt a sokf\u00e9les\u00e9get gazdags\u00e1gk\u00e9nt \u00e9rt\u00e9keli, nem hi\u00e1nyk\u00e9nt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hin\u00e1t sz\u00e9p, gyakran holdf\u00e9nyben megjelen\u0151 n\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k. Egyes elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekben a holdon tapa-sz\u00f6vetet (h\u00e1ncspapirost) ver &#8211; a hold foltjait n\u00e9h\u00e1ny polin\u00e9z hagyom\u00e1nyban Hina tapa-\u00fct\u0151jek\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik. Hawaiin gyakran a tapa-\u00fct\u0151f\u00e1val (i&#8217;e kuku) egy\u00fctt jelen\u00edtik meg.<\/p><p>A maori hagyom\u00e1nyban Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 alakj\u00e1ban Hina f\u00e9lelmetes jelens\u00e9g obszidi\u00e1nszer\u0171 szemekkel, \u00e9les fogakkal, olyan alak, amely a hal\u00e1l \u00e9s a sz\u00fclet\u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00f6tt k\u00f6zvet\u00edt. Ez az ikonogr\u00e1fiai kett\u0151s term\u00e9szet tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l k\u00f6zponti jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171.<\/p><p>Az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9vtizedekben a maori \u00e9s hawaii farag\u00f3m\u0171v\u00e9szet \u00faj \u00e9letre kelt. Cliff Whiting, Robyn Kahukiwa, Wright Bowman \u00e9s Sam Ka\u02bbai farag\u00f3k a hagyom\u00e1nyos formanyelvet \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 feldolgoz\u00e1sokkal \u00f6tv\u00f6zik. Egy olyan alak eset\u00e9ben, mint Hina, akit sz\u00e1mos region\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltozatban a holddal, a n\u0151kkel \u00e9s a tapa- \u00e9s fon\u00e1smesters\u00e9ggel kapcsolnak \u00f6ssze, ebben a hagyom\u00e1ny sokf\u00e9les\u00e9ge is megmutatkozik: a holdsarl\u00f3, a kaleb\u00e1sz \u00e9s a h\u00e1ncssz\u00f6vetek ver\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00fct\u0151 visszat\u00e9rnek a farag\u00f3m\u0171v\u00e9szetben, \u00e9s vizu\u00e1lisan jelen\u00edtik meg k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 szerepeit.<\/p><p>M\u0171veikben az Atu\u00e1k, k\u00f6zt\u00fck Hina, sokf\u00e9le alakban \u00f6ltenek testet; ikonogr\u00e1fiai jelenl\u00e9t\u00fck \u00edgy eg\u00e9szen a kort\u00e1rs m\u0171v\u00e9szetig terjed.<\/p><p>A polin\u00e9z m\u0171v\u00e9szet nem v\u00e1laszthat\u00f3 el kozmol\u00f3giai jelent\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l. Minden spir\u00e1l (koru), minden d\u00edsz\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9s minden vonal vall\u00e1sfenom\u00e9nol\u00f3giai \u00e9rtelmet hordoz &#8211; Hina tapa-\u00fct\u0151f\u00e1s \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1saiban is. Roger Neich, Damian Skinner \u00e9s m\u00e1s m\u0171v\u00e9szett\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek rendszerszer\u0171en felt\u00e1rt\u00e1k ezeket a jelent\u00e9sr\u00e9tegeket.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hina \u00fatjai a holdra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hawaiin \u00e9s Tahitin \u00e9l az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s, hogyan jut Hina a holdra. Haland\u00f3 vagy f\u00e9listeni n\u0151, akivel fiv\u00e9re vagy f\u00e9rje rosszul b\u00e1nik; \u0151 a holdra menek\u00fcl.<\/p><p>Beckwith k\u00f6zli a hawaii v\u00e1ltozatot: Hina kaleb\u00e1sz\u00e1t \u00e9s szersz\u00e1m\u00e1t fogja, \u00e9s sziv\u00e1rv\u00e1nyon vagy holdsug\u00e1ron felm\u00e1szik a holdra, ahol az\u00f3ta lakik.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l ez a holdfoltok klasszikus etiol\u00f3giai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosza<\/span>. A holdfoltokat sok kult\u00far\u00e1ban mitol\u00f3giailag \u00e9rtelmezik (a &#8216;holdny\u00fal&#8217; Kelet-\u00c1zsi\u00e1ban, a &#8216;holdban l\u00e9v\u0151 ember&#8217; Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban). A polin\u00e9z v\u00e1ltozat saj\u00e1tosan n\u0151ies.<\/p><p>Hina holdra vezet\u0151 \u00fatjainak elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sei sem olvashat\u00f3k tudom\u00e1nyosan z\u00e1rt narrat\u00edvak\u00e9nt, hanem egym\u00e1st \u00e9rtelmez\u0151 elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek h\u00e1l\u00f3jak\u00e9nt, amelyeket az egyes t\u00f6rzsek hagyom\u00e1nyaiban elt\u00e9r\u0151en hangs\u00falyoznak.<\/p><p>Hina hagyom\u00e1nya nem r\u00f6gz\u00fcl egyetlen \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sre. Hawaiin, Aotearo\u00e1n \u00e9s m\u00e1s szigeteken k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 Hina-alakok jelennek meg, hol holdasszonyk\u00e9nt, hol t\u00f6rzs-\u0151sanyak\u00e9nt, hol a sz\u00f6v\u0151mesters\u00e9g \u0151rz\u0151jek\u00e9nt. Ez a sokr\u00e9t\u0171 fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s megnehez\u00edti az egyenes vonal\u00fa vizsg\u00e1latot, ugyanakkor gazdag anyagot t\u00e1r a kutat\u00e1s el\u00e9. Az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s elt\u00e9r\u0151 v\u00e1ltozatait egyenrang\u00fa region\u00e1lis megnyilv\u00e1nul\u00e1soknak tekintik, nem hib\u00e1snak.<\/p><p>Hina elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sei nem puszt\u00e1n az eml\u00e9kezetben pihennek. Akt\u00edvan adj\u00e1k tov\u00e1bb \u0151ket &#8211; Karaki\u00e1ban, a Mara\u00e9n tartott sz\u00f3noklatokban \u00e9s az oktat\u00e1sban. \u00cdgy \u00e9l\u0151 gyakorlatot alkotnak, nem statikus arch\u00edvumot. A Te Reo Maori \u00e9s az Olelo Hawai&#8217;i nyelvi programok az elm\u00falt harminc \u00e9vben jelent\u0151sen er\u0151s\u00edtett\u00e9k ezt az \u00e9l\u0151 jelleget.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hina mint Hinetitama \u00e9s Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A maori hagyom\u00e1nyban Hina a Tane-r\u0151l \u00e9s az els\u0151 n\u0151r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 k\u00f6zponti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtoszhoz<\/span> kapcsol\u00f3dik. Tane v\u00f6r\u00f6s agyagb\u00f3l form\u00e1lja Hineahuon\u00e9t, akivel Hinetitam\u00e1t nemzi. Hinetitama Tane feles\u00e9ge lesz, de amikor r\u00e1j\u00f6n, hogy f\u00e9rje egyben apja is, a P\u00f3-ba (alvil\u00e1gba) menek\u00fcl, ahol Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 lesz bel\u0151le.<\/p><p>Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 alakj\u00e1ban a haland\u00f3s\u00e1g istenn\u0151je. <a href=\"\/hu\/maui\/\">Maui<\/a> k\u00eds\u00e9rlete, hogy \u00e1thaladjon rajta \u00e9s halhatatlans\u00e1got szerezzen az emberis\u00e9gnek, meghi\u00fasul. Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 meg\u00f6li Mauijt, \u00e9s az emberek haland\u00f3k maradnak. Ez az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s tudom\u00e1nyosan m\u00e9lyen megalapozott. Anne Salmond \u00e9s Margaret Orbell a maori antropol\u00f3gia kulcsm\u00edtoszak\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezi.<\/p><p>Az, hogy Hina Hinetitama \u00e9s Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 alakj\u00e1ban a hajnalhasad\u00e1s \u00e9s a nagy \u00e9jszaka, a sz\u00fclet\u00e9s \u00e9s a hal\u00e1l k\u00f6z\u00f6tt k\u00f6zvet\u00edt, a maori \u00e9s hawaii vall\u00e1s egyik alapvon\u00e1s\u00e1ra mutat: a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> \u00e9s a mindennapi tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g egym\u00e1sba sz\u00f6v\u0151dik.<\/p><p>M\u00edg egyes vall\u00e1si rendszerek \u00e9lesen elv\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k a szentet a h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapit\u00f3l, Polin\u00e9zi\u00e1ban az Atu\u00e1kra val\u00f3 utal\u00e1sok \u00e1thatj\u00e1k az eg\u00e9sz \u00e9letet. Hin\u00e1n\u00e1l ez konkr\u00e9t tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gekben mutatkozik meg: a tapa-k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s, az \u00e9jszak\u00e1k hold\u00e1ll\u00e1s szerinti sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9s a n\u0151knek tulajdon\u00edtott munk\u00e1k kapcsol\u00f3dnak hozz\u00e1. \u00cdgy jelenl\u00e9te a k\u00e9zm\u0171ves \u00e9s id\u0151rendez\u0151 tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gekig \u00e9r. Ez a mindennapi \u00e9letbe \u00e1gyazott vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g vall\u00e1sfenom\u00e9nol\u00f3giai tanulm\u00e1nyok t\u00e1rgya.<\/p><p>Hogy mennyire szorosan fon\u00f3dik \u00f6ssze a ritu\u00e1lis gyakorlat \u00e9s a h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapi \u00e9let, a nyelvb\u0151l is leolvashat\u00f3: olyan fogalmak, mint a mana, tapu, aroha vagy hauora, ma Aotearoa \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos angols\u00e1g\u00e1nak r\u00e9szei, \u00e9s vall\u00e1si \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9seken k\u00edv\u00fcl is haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u0151ket. Az, hogy a maori <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> \u00edgy be\u00edrta mag\u00e1t a nyelvhaszn\u00e1latba, dokument\u00e1lja kultur\u00e1lis m\u00e9lyhat\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s r\u00edtusok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hin\u00e1t a polin\u00e9z hagyom\u00e1nyban tapa-ver\u00e9s, holdmegfigyel\u00e9s \u00e9s meghat\u00e1rozott n\u0151i r\u00edtusok r\u00e9v\u00e9n tisztelik. Hawaiin holdnapt\u00e1rak l\u00e9teztek, amelyek Hina f\u00e1zisaihoz kapcsol\u00f3dtak. A n\u0151kh\u00f6z k\u00f6t\u00f6tt r\u00edtusok &#8211; menstru\u00e1ci\u00f3, sz\u00fcl\u00e9s &#8211; is utalhattak Hin\u00e1ra.<\/p><p>A maori maramatak\u00e1ban, a hold-h\u00f3napos napt\u00e1rban bizonyos \u00e9jszak\u00e1k Hina-\u00e9jszak\u00e1k. Egyes iwikben vannak Karaki\u00e1k, amelyeket ezeken az \u00e9jszak\u00e1kon mondanak. Ez a gyakorlat ma r\u00e9szben \u00fajra\u00e9ledt a maramataka-renesz\u00e1nsz keret\u00e9ben.<\/p><p>A polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1s els\u0151sorban a Mara\u00e9kon \u00e9s Heiaukon \u00e9l tov\u00e1bb, azokon a helyeken, amelyek egyszerre gy\u00fclekezeti \u00e9s kultuszhelyek. Minden Mara\u00e9nak \u00e9s Heiaunak megvan a saj\u00e1t Whakapap\u00e1ja, saj\u00e1t hagyom\u00e1nyai \u00e9s saj\u00e1t Atua-utal\u00e1sai &#8211; egy p\u00e1npolin\u00e9z alakn\u00e1l, mint Hina, r\u00e9gi\u00f3nk\u00e9nt igen elt\u00e9r\u0151 m\u00f3don.<\/p><p>Egy Mara\u00e9-l\u00e1togat\u00e1s a Powhirivel kezd\u0151dik, azzal a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtussal<\/span>, amelyben a Tangata Whenua \u00fcnnep\u00e9lyesen fogadja vend\u00e9geit. Nem szertart\u00e1sos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3r<\/span>, hanem meg\u00e9lt vall\u00e1si gyakorlat, amely tudom\u00e1nyosan a legjobban dokument\u00e1lt polin\u00e9z \u00fcdv\u00f6zl\u00e9si r\u00edtusok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik.<\/p><p>Az olyan alakok tisztelete, mint Hina, egy olyan kultuszgyakorlat r\u00e9sze, amely a 20. \u00e9s 21. sz\u00e1zadban jelent\u0151sen \u00e1talakult. A Tohung\u00e1nak kor\u00e1bban bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt k\u00f6zponti ritu\u00e1lis szerep\u00e9t ma gyakran a Kaumatu\u00e1k, az id\u0151sek \u00e9s a Mara\u00e9-bizotts\u00e1gok l\u00e1tj\u00e1k el. Manuka Henare \u00e9s Mason Durie kutat\u00e1saikban t\u00e1rgyalj\u00e1k ezt a vall\u00e1sszociol\u00f3giailag tanuls\u00e1gos eltol\u00f3d\u00e1st.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9delmi hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hin\u00e1t a maori hagyom\u00e1nyban Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 alakj\u00e1ban nem els\u0151sorban v\u00e9delmi \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben &#8216;h\u00edvj\u00e1k seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00fcl&#8217; &#8211; ink\u00e1bb tisztelend\u0151 hatalomk\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon. A haldokl\u00f3kat az \u0151 birodalma fogadja be; a gy\u00e1szszertart\u00e1sok (tangihanga) megtisztelik a halottak befogad\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p><p>Hawaiin \u00e9s Tahitin Hina er\u0151teljesebben van jelen mint j\u00f3t\u00e9kony holdistenn\u0151. A terhes asszonyok k\u00e9rhetik Hina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00dcdv\u00f6ss\u00e9g \u00e9s v\u00e9delem kinyilv\u00e1n\u00edt\u00e1sa, gyakran r\u00f6gz\u00edtett nyelvi form\u00e1ban.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1ld\u00e1s\u00e1t<\/span>; a tapa-k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151k seg\u00edts\u00e9get k\u00e9rnek mesters\u00e9g\u00fckh\u00f6z. Ez a gyakorlat ma r\u00e9szben \u00fajra\u00e9ledt a hawaii renesz\u00e1nsz keret\u00e9ben.<\/p><p>A v\u00e9delem t\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1n\u00e1l \u00e9rdemes egy tudom\u00e1nyos k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gt\u00e9telt tenni: a nyugati gondolkod\u00e1s gyakran a hat\u00e1sos amulettben b\u00edzik, a polin\u00e9z a gondozott kapcsolatban. Hina eset\u00e9ben ez abban nyilv\u00e1nul meg, hogy a neki tulajdon\u00edtott id\u0151k \u00e9s tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek &#8211; p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a tapa-k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s vagy a hold megfigyel\u00e9se &#8211; tiszteletben tart\u00e1sa rendezi a viszonyt. A v\u00e9delem itt nem m\u00e1gikus-okozati hat\u00e1son alapul. Kapcsolatk\u00e9nt fogalmaz\u00f3dik meg, \u00e9s ritu\u00e1lisan szab\u00e1lyozott.<\/p><p>Aki egy Atu\u00e1val, mint Hina, kapcsolatban \u00e1ll \u00e9s ezt a kapcsolatot \u00e1polja, &#8216;v\u00e9dettnek&#8217; sz\u00e1m\u00edt. Ennek alapja nem egy er\u0151t kifejt\u0151 t\u00e1rgy, hanem egy fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 viszony kozmol\u00f3giai k\u00f6telez\u0151 \u00e9rv\u00e9nye. A vall\u00e1santropol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban ezt a &#8216;relational ontology&#8217; fogalma alatt t\u00e1rgyalj\u00e1k.<\/p><p>\u00c9ppen a v\u00e9delmi gyakorlatn\u00e1l, amely az olyan alakokhoz, mint Hina, int\u00e9zett foh\u00e1szokat is ismeri, tal\u00e1lkozik egym\u00e1ssal hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9s moderns\u00e9g. Okostelefon-alkalmaz\u00e1sok Karaki\u00e1kkal, online oktat\u00f3anyagok v\u00e9delmi r\u00edtusokhoz \u00e9s virtu\u00e1lis Mara\u00e9-l\u00e1togat\u00e1sok tan\u00fas\u00edtj\u00e1k, hogy a polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1s \u00faj m\u00e9di\u00e1kat vesz ig\u00e9nybe gyakorlat\u00e1hoz. Ez a moderniz\u00e1ci\u00f3 adapt\u00edv tov\u00e1bbfejl\u0151d\u00e9sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtend\u0151, semmik\u00e9ppen sem ellaposod\u00e1sk\u00e9nt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hina sz\u00e1mos holdistenn\u0151vel vethet\u0151 \u00f6ssze: Szel\u00e9n\u00e9 \u00e9s Artemisz (g\u00f6r\u00f6g), Luna (r\u00f3mai), Chang&#8217;e (k\u00ednai), Mawu (Nyugat-Afrika). A holdf\u00e9ny, a n\u0151is\u00e9g \u00e9s a v\u00edz kapcsolata glob\u00e1lisan elterjedt.<\/p><p>A saj\u00e1tosan polin\u00e9z von\u00e1s a hold \u00e9s a hal\u00e1listens\u00e9g \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1sa egyetlen alakban. Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3, mint egyszerre teremt\u0151 \u00e9s hal\u00e1loszt\u00f3 hatalom, tudom\u00e1nyosan figyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3. Ez a kett\u0151s term\u00e9szet a hindu hagyom\u00e1ny Kalij\u00e1ra eml\u00e9keztet, de att\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl alakult ki.<\/p><p>A vall\u00e1si tapasztalat egyetemes szerkezeteit, amelyeket egy, a sz\u00fclet\u00e9s \u00e9s a hal\u00e1l k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e1ll\u00f3 alak, mint Hina, \u00e9rint, Joseph Campbell \u00e9s Mircea Eliade rendszerszer\u0171en vizsg\u00e1lta.<\/p><p>B\u00e1rmennyire alapvet\u0151ek munk\u00e1ik, a konkr\u00e9t polin\u00e9z \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sekre n\u00e9zve m\u00e9gis \u00fajra kell gondolni \u0151ket, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy p\u00e1nglobaliz\u00e1l\u00f3 leegyszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9sbe esn\u00e9nk. Az \u00fajabb polin\u00e9z kutat\u00e1s nagy hangs\u00falyt fektet erre a kontextus\u00e9rz\u00e9keny \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sre.<\/p><p>Hina holdistenn\u0151 nem vizsg\u00e1lhat\u00f3 elszigetelten, hiszen a glob\u00e1lis \u0151shonos tanulm\u00e1nyok (Indigenous Studies) kutat\u00e1sa rendszerszer\u0171en dolgozza ki a polin\u00e9z \u00e9s m\u00e1s \u0151shonos vall\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti p\u00e1rhuzamokat. Linda Tuhiwai Smith a Decolonizing Methodologies (1999) c. munk\u00e1j\u00e1val m\u00f3dszertani norm\u00e1kat \u00e1ll\u00edtott fel, amelyek hat\u00e1sa nemzetk\u00f6zi szinten terjed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mai recepci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hina ma a polin\u00e9z feminista mozgalom jelent\u0151s referenciaalakja. Marie Alohalani Brown, Anne Salmond \u00e9s m\u00e1s kutat\u00f3n\u0151k \u00fajra\u00e9rt\u00e9kelt\u00e9k Hina helyzet\u00e9t. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3-alak olvashat\u00f3 a n\u0151i auton\u00f3mia \u00e9s \u00f6n\u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00edt\u00e9s er\u0151teljes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jel, amely egy k\u00e9pzetet vagy jelent\u00e9st helyettes\u00edtve k\u00e9pvisel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szimb\u00f3lumak\u00e9nt<\/span>.<\/p><p>A hawaii Hul\u00e1ban \u00e9s a maori Hak\u00e1ban Hina sz\u00e1mos m\u0171ben megjelenik. A modern csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1ni irodalomban is (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Sia Figiel vagy Patricia Grace munk\u00e1iban) Hina visszat\u00e9r\u0151 hivatkoz\u00e1si pont. A <a href=\"\/hu\/polynesisch-maori\/\">polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1scsal\u00e1dba<\/a> val\u00f3 elm\u00e9ly\u00fcltebb besorol\u00e1s r\u00e1mutat k\u00f6zponti szerep\u00e9re mint p\u00e1npolin\u00e9z alaknak.<\/p><p>Hina holdistenn\u0151 egy olyan vall\u00e1si <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1ny<\/span> r\u00e9sze, amelyet a nemzetk\u00f6zi diskurzusban egyre ink\u00e1bb \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 rendszerk\u00e9nt ismernek el, \u00e9s nem \u00e9rt\u00e9kelik le t\u00f6bb\u00e9 &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitol\u00f3giak\u00e9nt<\/span>&#8216; vagy &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9pi kult\u00fara szok\u00e1sokkal, elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekkel \u00e9s dalokkal.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3rk\u00e9nt<\/span>&#8216;.<\/p><p>Az, hogy olyan fogalmak, mint a &#8216;mana&#8217;, &#8216;tapu&#8217;, &#8216;mauri&#8217; \u00e9s &#8216;whakapapa&#8217;, beker\u00fcltek a tudom\u00e1nyos szaknyelvbe, tan\u00fas\u00edtja ezt az elismer\u00e9st. Aki azonban haszn\u00e1lja \u0151ket, kontextu\u00e1lis \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9gre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge, amely nem j\u00f6n mag\u00e1t\u00f3l.<\/p><p>A polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1sok befogad\u00e1sa a popul\u00e1ris kult\u00far\u00e1ba &#8211; Disney-produkci\u00f3k, turizmus \u00e9s ezoterikus irodalom r\u00e9v\u00e9n &#8211; kritikai vit\u00e1k t\u00e1rgya. Hol t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik megfelel\u0151 k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u00e9s, hol k\u00f6vetkezik be ellapos\u00edt\u00e1s vagy torz\u00edt\u00e1s? Ezeket a k\u00e9rd\u00e9seket Aotearo\u00e1n \u00e9s Hawaiin nyomat\u00e9kkal \u00e9s nyilv\u00e1nosan t\u00e1rgyalj\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1s \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hin\u00e1r\u00f3l fontos hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sok sz\u00e1rmaznak Margaret Orbelltt\u0151l, Martha Beckwitht\u0151l, Mary Kawena Pukuit\u00f3l, Anne Salmondit\u00f3l, Marie Alohalani Brownt\u00f3l \u00e9s Patrick Kircht\u0151l. M\u0171veik dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k a region\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltozatokat \u00e9s az alak vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti m\u00e9lys\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p><p>Hina a polin\u00e9z n\u0151is\u00e9gfogalmak \u00e9s azok kozmol\u00f3giai be\u00e1gyazotts\u00e1g\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlen, k\u00f6zponti alak marad. Hold \u00e9s hal\u00e1l, sz\u00fclet\u00e9s \u00e9s haland\u00f3s\u00e1g kett\u0151s term\u00e9szete tudom\u00e1nyosan k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges m\u00e9lys\u00e9g\u0171.<\/p><p>A polin\u00e9z bels\u0151 tud\u00e1shagyom\u00e1nyok \u00e9s az akad\u00e9miai kutat\u00e1s k\u00f6z\u00f6tti p\u00e1rbesz\u00e9d ma int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyi keretet tal\u00e1l a Royal Society of New Zealand &#8211; Te Aparangi-ban, az Auckland University Maori Studies tansz\u00e9k\u00e9n, a University of Hawai&#8217;i at Manoa-n \u00e9s a Te Punga Tipu alap\u00edtv\u00e1nyban.<\/p><p>Ezek az int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyek gondoskodnak arr\u00f3l, hogy a Polin\u00e9zi\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 kutat\u00e1st maguk a polin\u00e9zek is v\u00e9gezz\u00e9k.<\/p><p>A glob\u00e1lis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a vall\u00e1sokat \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerrel \u00e9s felekezeti k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcl kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyhoz<\/span> val\u00f3 kapcsolatot olyan tanulm\u00e1nyok teremtik meg, amelyek a polin\u00e9z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1t<\/span> egy nem nyugati vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g p\u00e9ld\u00e1jak\u00e9nt alkalmazz\u00e1k. Ez az \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 munka m\u00f3dszertanilag ig\u00e9nyes, de \u00faj perspekt\u00edv\u00e1kat nyit a vall\u00e1s mint kultur\u00e1lis jelens\u00e9g meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp259c0f7f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp259c0f7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28039edf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28039edf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hina a holdban \u00e9s a h\u00e1ncssz\u00f6vetek ver\u00e9se<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e8cbde8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e8cbde8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20749182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20749182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Polin\u00e9zia egyik legelterjedtebb Hina-elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9se az istenn\u0151t a holddal hozza \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe. Sz\u00e1mos szigetcsoporton &#8211; Hawaiit\u00f3l a T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g-szigeteken \u00e1t Aotearo\u00e1ig &#8211; l\u00e9teznek v\u00e1ltozatok, amelyekben Hina elhagyja a f\u00f6ldi \u00e9letter\u00e9t \u00e9s a holdra k\u00f6lt\u00f6zik.<\/p><p>A hawaii hagyom\u00e1nyban, amelyet Martha Beckwith a <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> c. munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban gy\u0171jt\u00f6tt \u00f6ssze, ott <em>Hina-i-ka-malama<\/em> nev\u00e9n ismerik, azaz Hina a holdban.<\/p><p>Felemelked\u00e9s\u00e9nek oka leggyakrabban a <em>kapa<\/em> vagy <em>tapa<\/em> nev\u0171, fah\u00e1ncsb\u00f3l vert sz\u00f6vet k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151i tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9ge, amelyet eg\u00e9sz Polin\u00e9zi\u00e1ban ruh\u00e1nak, takar\u00f3nak \u00e9s ritu\u00e1lis c\u00e9lokra haszn\u00e1ltak. Hina ennek a n\u0151imunk\u00e1nak mitikus alkot\u00f3jak\u00e9nt sz\u00e1m\u00edt.<\/p><p>A f\u00f6ldi \u00e9let terh\u00e9t\u0151l, egy szigor\u00fa f\u00e9rjt\u0151l vagy a v\u00e9gtelen munk\u00e1t\u00f3l elf\u00e1radva sziv\u00e1rv\u00e1nyon vagy f\u00e9nyp\u00e1ly\u00e1n emelkedik fel a holdra. A holdkorong s\u00f6t\u00e9t foltjait egyes hagyom\u00e1nyok magak\u00e9nt Hinak\u00e9nt, <em>kapa<\/em>-ver\u0151 alapjak\u00e9nt vagy az \u00e1ltala megmunk\u00e1lt bany\u00e1nfa t\u00f6rzsek\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezik.<\/p><p>A h\u00e1ncsver\u00e9s rendszeres hangja, amely a polin\u00e9z falvak h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapj\u00e1hoz tartozott, \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00f6tte az ezt a munk\u00e1t v\u00e9gz\u0151 asszonyokat az istenn\u0151vel. Hina \u00edgy nem egy t\u00e1voli kozmikus alak, hanem egy konkr\u00e9t, nemhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tt technik\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik. Tudom\u00e1nyosan figyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3, hogy a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span> egy h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapi f\u00e1rads\u00e1got kozmol\u00f3giai k\u00e9pp\u00e9 ford\u00edt \u00e1t: az istenn\u0151, aki elmenek\u00fcl a f\u00f6ldi munkateher el\u0151l, az \u00e9gen m\u00e9gis l\u00e1that\u00f3 marad, \u00e9ppen ennek a munk\u00e1nak a szersz\u00e1maival. A <a href=\"\/hu\/tane-mahuta\/\">T\u0101n\u00e9hoz<\/a> \u00e9s m\u00e1s term\u00e9szetistens\u00e9gekhez f\u0171z\u0151d\u0151 kapcsolat mutatja, hogy Hina szorosan be\u00e1gyaz\u00f3dik a polin\u00e9z elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek sz\u00e9les sz\u00f6vet\u00e9be.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20ed8aa9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp20ed8aa9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29297094 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp29297094\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maui \u00e9s Hina: anya, n\u0151v\u00e9r vagy feles\u00e9g?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f2d4061 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2f2d4061\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2649fb75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2649fb75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Maui-ciklusokban, amelyek Polin\u00e9zia legismertebb elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s-komplexusai k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak, Hina visszat\u00e9r\u0151, de szigetcsoportonk\u00e9nt elt\u00e9r\u0151en meghat\u00e1rozott alak. Egyes hagyom\u00e1nyokban a kult\u00farh\u0151s Maui anyja, m\u00e1sokban n\u0151v\u00e9re, megint m\u00e1shol feles\u00e9ge.<\/p><p>Ez a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e9konys\u00e1g nem hagyom\u00e1nyoz\u00e1si hiba, hanem annak kifejez\u0151d\u00e9se, hogy a Hina n\u00e9v p\u00e1npolin\u00e9z m\u00f3don egy eg\u00e9sz csoport n\u0151alakra utal, rendszerint magyar\u00e1z\u00f3 mell\u00e9kn\u00e9vvel.<\/p><p>T\u00f6bb szigetcsoporton adatolt epiz\u00f3dban Maui anyj\u00e1\u00e9rt vagy feles\u00e9g\u00e9\u00e9rt, Hin\u00e1j\u00e1\u00e9rt pr\u00f3b\u00e1l halhatatlans\u00e1got szerezni, azzal, hogy be akar hatolni a hal\u00e1listens\u00e9g, <em>Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3<\/em> test\u00e9be, akinek neve maga is egy Hina-form\u00e1t tartalmaz.<\/p><p>A k\u00eds\u00e9rlet meghi\u00fasul, Mauijt meg\u00f6lik, \u00e9s a hal\u00e1l megmarad az emberek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Az \u00faj-z\u00e9landi hagyom\u00e1nyban, amelyet George Grey a 19. sz\u00e1zadban a <em>Polynesian Mythology<\/em> c. munk\u00e1ban r\u00f6gz\u00edtett, ez az \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen hangs\u00falyosan jelenik meg.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sik ismert epiz\u00f3d Hina \u00e9s az angolna: egy angolnal\u00e9ny zaklatja Hin\u00e1t, Maui meg\u00f6li, \u00e9s fej\u00e9b\u0151l vagy test\u00e9b\u0151l n\u0151 az els\u0151 k\u00f3kuszp\u00e1lma. Ez az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s egy\u00fattal megmagyar\u00e1zza Polin\u00e9zia egyik legfontosabb haszonn\u00f6v\u00e9ny\u00e9nek eredet\u00e9t. A kutat\u00e1s, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Katharine Luomala <em>Maui-of-a-Thousand-Tricks<\/em> (1949) c. tanulm\u00e1ny\u00e1ban, felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pezte ezeknek a ciklusoknak az el\u00e1gaz\u00e1sait, \u00e9s megmutatta, milyen szorosan kapcsol\u00f3dik \u00f6ssze Hina \u00e9s Maui az eg\u00e9sz polin\u00e9z elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9shagyom\u00e1nyban. Rokons\u00e1guk meghat\u00e1rozatlans\u00e1ga egy sz\u00f3beli hagyom\u00e1ny nyitotts\u00e1g\u00e1t t\u00fckr\u00f6zi, amely ugyanazokat a neveket \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e9s ezer tengeri m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldeken \u00e1t \u00fajra \u00e9s \u00fajra kombin\u00e1lta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d6d1209 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d6d1209\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c884a00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c884a00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gyarmati gy\u0171jt\u0151k \u00e9s a Hina-k\u00e9p torzul\u00e1sa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fa19e2e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2fa19e2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26ab99ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26ab99ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hin\u00e1r\u00f3l ma megl\u00e9v\u0151 tud\u00e1s szinte kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a 19. \u00e9s a 20. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n eur\u00f3pai \u00e9s amerikai gy\u0171jt\u0151k \u00e1ltal k\u00e9sz\u00edtett feljegyz\u00e9sekb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik, \u00e9s ez a forr\u00e1shelyzet olyan m\u00f3don form\u00e1lja az istenn\u0151r\u0151l alkotott k\u00e9pet, amely kritikus szeml\u00e9letet ig\u00e9nyel.<\/p><p>Olyan misszion\u00e1riusok, mint William Wyatt Gill, aki \u00e9vtizedeken \u00e1t m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt Mangai\u00e1n, a Cook-szigeteken, \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9seket tett k\u00f6zz\u00e9 a <em>Myths and Songs from the South Pacific<\/em> (1876) c. munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban, kiterjedten gy\u0171jt\u00f6ttek, \u00e1m az anyagot eur\u00f3pai m\u0171faji fogalmakba rendezt\u00e9k, \u00e9s saj\u00e1t teol\u00f3giai n\u00e9z\u0151pontjukon sz\u0171rt\u00e9k \u00e1t.<\/p><p>Gyakori probl\u00e9ma az a tendencia, hogy a sz\u00e1mos Hina-alakot egyetlen istenn\u0151be olvasztj\u00e1k \u00f6ssze. A polin\u00e9z hagyom\u00e1nyok ismerik a Hina-i-ka-malama, a Hina-of-the-tapa, a Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 \u00e9s sok m\u00e1s alakot, mindegyiket saj\u00e1t mell\u00e9knev\u00e9vel \u00e9s saj\u00e1t funkci\u00f3j\u00e1val.<\/p><p>A korai gy\u0171jt\u0151k ezt a sokf\u00e9les\u00e9get sokszor egy \u00e1ttekinthet\u0151 alakk\u00e1 sim\u00edtott\u00e1k el, mert ez megfelelt rendez\u0151 elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9seiknek. Ez\u00e1ltal keletkezett egy z\u00e1rt Hina-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> f\u00e9lrevezet\u0151 benyom\u00e1sa.<\/p><p>Ehhez j\u00e1rul, hogy f\u00e9rfi gy\u0171jt\u0151k t\u00falnyom\u00f3r\u00e9szt f\u00e9rfi inform\u00e1torokt\u00f3l gy\u0171jt\u00f6ttek, \u00e9s a Hin\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 n\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a <em>kapa<\/em>-ver\u00e9s \u00e9nekei, rosszabbul dokument\u00e1ltak. Katharine Luomala \u00e9s Martha Beckwith, mint k\u00e9s\u0151i kutat\u00f3n\u0151k, r\u00e9szben korrig\u00e1lt\u00e1k ezt az egyenl\u0151tlens\u00e9get. Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes teh\u00e1t: minden Hin\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 kijelent\u00e9s egy meghat\u00e1rozott gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyhez, egy meghat\u00e1rozott inform\u00e1torhoz \u00e9s egy meghat\u00e1rozott szigethez k\u00f6t\u0151dik. Az egys\u00e9ges polin\u00e9z holdistenn\u0151r\u0151l ma kering\u0151 elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s j\u00f3r\u00e9szt a gyarmati gy\u0171jt\u0151tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g term\u00e9ke, \u00e9s nem egyetlen \u0151shonos hagyom\u00e1ny h\u0171 t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u0151d\u00e9se.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Margaret Orbell: <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995)<\/li><li>Martha Beckwith: <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940)<\/li><li>Mary Kawena Pukui: <em>Nana I Ke Kumu<\/em> (1972)<\/li><li>Anne Salmond: <em>Tears of Rangi<\/em> (2017)<\/li><li>Marie Alohalani Brown: <em>Facing the Spears of Change<\/em> (2016)<\/li><li>Patrick Kirch: <em>On the Road of the Winds<\/em> (2000)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-hina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-hina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-hina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-hina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>Hina<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusza<\/span> Polin\u00e9zia nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9n adatolt, Hawaiit\u00f3l Tahitin \u00e1t Aotearo\u00e1ig, ahol rokon neveken holdistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9s \u0151sanyak\u00e9nt sz\u00f3l\u00edtj\u00e1k meg.<\/p><p>A kultusz helyi megnyilv\u00e1nul\u00e1sai Hin\u00e1t a tapa-k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9ssel, a sz\u00fclet\u00e9ssel \u00e9s a l\u00e9t \u00e9jszakai oldal\u00e1ba val\u00f3 \u00e1tmenettel kapcsolj\u00e1k \u00f6ssze, \u00e9s megmutatj\u00e1k, mennyire szorosan kapcsol\u00f3dik egym\u00e1shoz hold, n\u0151is\u00e9g \u00e9s \u00e9letciklus a polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1sban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-hina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-hina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-hina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-hina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hina a polin\u00e9z hagyom\u00e1nyokban <em>sokarc\u00fa<\/em> Atuak\u00e9nt jelenik meg, akit szigetcsoportonk\u00e9nt hol holdistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt, hol \u0151sanyak\u00e9nt, hol a tapa-k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s p\u00e1rtfog\u00f3jak\u00e9nt, hol Maui t\u00e1rsak\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolnak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Hina Polin\u00e9zia holdistenn\u0151 Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3 maramataka tapa Hinetitama.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-hina\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s v\u00e9delmi hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard kapcsol\u00f3dik a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz, a <a href=\"\/hu\/polynesisch-maori\/\">Polin\u00e9zia \/ Maori<\/a> hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s kult\u00fara szellem\u00e9ben szerte a vil\u00e1gon. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-ccb\" 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.jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-hina-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-hina-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-hina-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-hina-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-hina-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-hina-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sek, nem spiritu\u00e1lis gyakorlatra vonatkoz\u00f3 aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sok.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hina &#8211; Polin\u00e9z holdistenn\u0151, \u0151sanya \u00e9s sokarc\u00fa Atua Hina a polin\u00e9z vall\u00e1s egyik k\u00f6zponti n\u0151i Atu\u00e1ja. K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mell\u00e9kneveken holdistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt, \u0151sanyak\u00e9nt, v\u00edzistenn\u0151k\u00e9nt vagy az alvil\u00e1g istenn\u0151jek\u00e9nt jelenik meg. A maori hagyom\u00e1nyban szorosan kapcsol\u00f3dik Hine-nui-te-p\u00f3hoz, az \u00e9jszaka nagy asszony\u00e1hoz. Ez a le\u00edr\u00e1s bemutatja sokoldal\u00fa vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos helyzet\u00e9t. Istenn\u0151Polin\u00e9zia \/ MaoriHold- \u00e9s \u0151sanyaistens\u00e9g Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Elhelyez\u00e9s a polin\u00e9z panteonban Hina [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2710,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hina Polin\u00e9zia holdistenn\u0151","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hina - Polin\u00e9z holdistenn\u0151, m\u00edtosz \u00e9s kultusz","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hina polin\u00e9z holdistenn\u0151 \u00e9s \u0151sanya, kapcsol\u00f3dva a hal\u00e1lhoz \u00e9s a sz\u00fclet\u00e9shez. 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