{"id":52327,"date":"2026-07-30T14:14:04","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:14:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eshmun-szidon-gyogyistene\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:14:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:14:27","slug":"eshmun","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/eshmun\/","title":{"rendered":"Eshmun &#8211; Szid\u00f3n gy\u00f3gyistene"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52327\" class=\"elementor elementor-52327 elementor-2629\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eshmun, f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gyisten \u00e9s Szid\u00f3n v\u00e1rosistene<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun (f\u00f6n\u00edciai\u0443\u043b <em>\u02be\u0161mn<\/em>) Szid\u00f3n legf\u0151bb v\u00e1rosistene \u00e9s a f\u00f6n\u00edciai vil\u00e1g egyik legjelent\u0151sebb gy\u00f3gyistene. A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9piosszal azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k, \u00e9s a Szid\u00f3n melletti h\u00edres Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomhoz<\/span> k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151 jelent\u0151s gy\u00f3gykultusz k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban \u00e1ll.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Isten a f\u00f6n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l.\">Isten<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/foiniciai-istenek\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A f\u00f6n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">F\u00f6n\u00edciai<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gy\u00f3gyisten.\">Gy\u00f3gyisten<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-eshmun-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-eshmun-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-eshmun-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2849\" alt=\"Eshmun - G\u00f6tter aus der Phoenizisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-eshmun elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-eshmun elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-eshmun\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosza<\/span><\/strong> a f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gykultuszokat a hellenisztikus Aszkl\u00e9pios-hagyom\u00e1nyokkal k\u00f6ti \u00f6ssze, \u00e9s \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t meghat\u00e1rozta a szid\u00f3ni templomkultuszt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun a legjelent\u0151sebb f\u00f6n\u00edciai istenek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik; Szid\u00f3n v\u00e1rosistene, \u00e9s rendszeresen <a href=\"\/hu\/astarte\/\">Asztart\u00e9val<\/a> egy\u00fctt jelenik meg mint Szid\u00f3n istenp\u00e1rja.<\/p><p>Sabatino Moscati a <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (1966) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban kimutatta, hogy az Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusznak<\/span> Szid\u00f3nban vall\u00e1sszab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi szempontb\u00f3l is kulcsjelent\u0151s\u00e9ge volt; a Szid\u00f3nt\u00f3l \u00e9szakkeletre fekv\u0151 Bostan esh-Sheikhben felt\u00e1rt Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span> az egyik legjobban meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt f\u00f6n\u00edciai szent\u00e9lyek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg Eshmun a gy\u00f3gyisten t\u00edpus\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli, aki szezon\u00e1lisan meghal \u00e9s felt\u00e1mad. Funkci\u00f3profija l\u00e9nyegesen sz\u0171kebb, mint <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal-Had\u00e1d\u00e9<\/a>: Eshmun els\u0151sorban gy\u00f3gyisten \u00e9s v\u00e1rosv\u00e9d\u0151 isten, kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 viharisten.<\/p><p>Ez a gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1sra \u00e9s v\u00e1rosi funkci\u00f3kra val\u00f3 specializ\u00e1ci\u00f3 szokatlan a f\u00f6n\u00edciai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonban<\/span>, \u00e9s \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 teol\u00f3giai alakk\u00e1 teszi Eshmunt. A <a href=\"\/hu\/foiniciai-istenek\/\">f\u00f6n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyon<\/a> bel\u00fcl \u0151 a prototipikus gy\u00f3gyisten.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban vizsg\u00e1lta Eshmun g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9piossszal val\u00f3 azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s ennek teol\u00f3giai k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeit. Az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s Kr. e. 5. sz\u00e1zadt\u00f3l irodalmilag adatolt, \u00e9s mindk\u00e9t kultusztradic\u00ed\u00f3 k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s egym\u00e1sra hat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet. A hellenizmus kor\u00e1ban az Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span> region\u00e1lis hat\u00f3k\u00f6r\u0171 Aszkl\u00e9peionn\u00e1 v\u00e1lik.<\/p><p>Eshmun egyik figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 saj\u00e1toss\u00e1ga a szid\u00f3ni kir\u00e1lyi h\u00e1zzal fenntartott szoros kapcsolata. Eshmunazar I., Eshmunazar II., Bod-Eshmun \u00e9s t\u00f6bb m\u00e1s szid\u00f3ni kir\u00e1ly nev\u00e9ben szerepel az isten teonim\u00e1ja. Ez az onomasztikai hagyom\u00e1ny bizony\u00edtja Eshmun k\u00f6zponti szerep\u00e9t a szid\u00f3ni dinasztiat\u00f6rt\u00e9netben.<\/p><p>Eshmun teol\u00f3giai kapcsolata <a href=\"\/hu\/astarte\/\">Asztart\u00e9val<\/a> mint Szid\u00f3n istenp\u00e1rja anal\u00f3g a <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal-Hadad<\/a>-Anat, illetve a <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"\/hu\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a> konstell\u00e1ci\u00f3val m\u00e1s f\u00f6n\u00edciai v\u00e1ros\u00e1llamokban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Eshmun n\u00e9v etimol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja vitatott. Egy plauzibilis \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s az <em>\u02be\u0161mn<\/em> alakot a &#8216;nyolc&#8217; sz\u00e1mmal (nyugati s\u00e9mi <em>\u0161mn<\/em>) kapcsolja \u00f6ssze; Eshmun ekkor &#8216;a Nyolcadik&#8217; lenne, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg mint egy isteni csal\u00e1d nyolcadik fia vagy egy istenlist\u00e1ban a nyolcadik sorsz\u00e1m.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sik \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s az <em>\u02be\u0161mn<\/em> alakot az &#8216;olaj&#8217; sz\u00f3val (<em>\u0161mn<\/em>) hozza \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe; Eshmun ekkor &#8216;a Felkent&#8217; vagy &#8216;az Olajjal Kapcsolatos&#8217; lenne, ami gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 funkci\u00f3j\u00e1val \u00f6sszhangban \u00e1llna.<\/p><p>Feliratokban <em>\u02be\u0161mn<\/em> alakban jelenik meg; g\u00f6r\u00f6g forr\u00e1sokban Eshmunk\u00e9nt (\u1f18\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd vagy \u1f08\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2). Damaszkiosz (Kr. u. 6. sz\u00e1zad) a <em>Quaestiones Vitae<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1mol be, hogy Eshmun egy bejr\u00fati ifj\u00fa volt, aki szerelmi b\u00e1nat\u00e1ban egy forr\u00e1sba vetette mag\u00e1t, \u00e9s hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n istenk\u00e9nt tisztelt\u00e9k.<\/p><p>Ez a k\u00e9s\u0151i &#8216;h\u00e9rosz-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span>&#8216; vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg tanuls\u00e1gos, mert meg\u0151rzi az Ad\u00f3nisszal \u00e9s a haland\u00f3-isteni h\u00e9rosz t\u00edpus\u00e1val val\u00f3 azonos\u00edt\u00e1st.<\/p><p>Az akk\u00e1d \u00e9s a hettita forr\u00e1sokban Eshmun nem azonos\u00edthat\u00f3 k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl. A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9pios-azonos\u00edt\u00e1s a legfontosabb; Pauszaniasz \u00e9s m\u00e1s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00e9s r\u00f3mai kult\u00fara korszaka, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl Kr. e. 800-t\u00f3l Kr. u. 600-ig.\" tabindex=\"0\">antik<\/span> szerz\u0151k tan\u00fas\u00edtj\u00e1k. Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ban \u00e9s a nyugati gyarmatokon Eshmun szint\u00e9n megjelenik, de j\u00f3val ritk\u00e1bban, mint <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> vagy <a href=\"\/hu\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>.<\/p><p>A k\u00e9s\u0151 karth\u00e1g\u00f3i hagyom\u00e1nyban Eshmun a &#8216;Gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3&#8217; mell\u00e9kn\u00e9vvel jelenik meg, \u00e9s k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl azonos\u00edtj\u00e1k a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9piossszal. Ez az Aszkl\u00e9piosz-azonos\u00edt\u00e1s meghat\u00e1rozta a karth\u00e1g\u00f3i gy\u00f3gykult\u00far\u00e1t, \u00e9s a pun \u00e1llam buk\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a r\u00f3mai korban Aesculapius neve alatt \u00e9lt tov\u00e1bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun a f\u00f6n\u00edciai ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ban ifj\u00fa, szak\u00e1llas vagy szak\u00e1lltalan istenk\u00e9nt jelenik meg, gyakran bottal \u00e9s k\u00edgy\u00f3val, a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s par excellence jelk\u00e9p\u00e9vel. A hellenisztikus korban ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ja nagyr\u00e9szt az Aszkl\u00e9pios-hagyom\u00e1nnyal szintetiz\u00e1l\u00f3dik: tekered\u0151 k\u00edgy\u00f3val d\u00edsz\u00edtett bot, hossz\u00fa k\u00f6peny, nyugodt tart\u00e1s.<\/p><p>Szent \u00e1llata a k\u00edgy\u00f3; az Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomban<\/span> Szid\u00f3n mellett val\u00f3ban tartottak szent k\u00edgy\u00f3kat, ahogyan Damaszkiosz is besz\u00e1mol r\u00f3la. A k\u00edgy\u00f3-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szakr\u00e1lis hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9lyi<\/span> hagyom\u00e1ny Eshmunt az epidauroszi g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9peionnal kapcsolja \u00f6ssze, ahol szint\u00e9n tartottak szent k\u00edgy\u00f3kat. A kakas is el\u0151fordul olykor k\u00eds\u00e9r\u0151 \u00e1llatk\u00e9nt, ami \u00fajabb p\u00e1rhuzamot jelent Aszkl\u00e9piossszal.<\/p><p>A Bostan esh-Sheikh-i Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span> r\u00e9g\u00e9szetileg j\u00f3l dokument\u00e1lt; a Maurice Dunand, majd \u00fajabban Patty Gerstenblith vezette \u00e1sat\u00e1sok publik\u00e1lt\u00e1k a templomarchitekt\u00far\u00e1t, a feliratokat \u00e9s a fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kokat.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomhoz<\/span> gy\u00f3gyf\u00fcrd\u0151 (<em>balneum<\/em>) is tartozott, a szomsz\u00e9dos hegyb\u0151l \u00e9rkez\u0151 foly\u00f3v\u00edzzel, ahol a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1st keres\u0151k ritu\u00e1lis tiszt\u00e1lkod\u00e1st v\u00e9geztek. Ez a gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szet a f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gykultusz egyik legjelent\u0151sebb eml\u00e9ke.<\/p><p>Az Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomban<\/span> tal\u00e1lt m\u00e1rv\u00e1ny gyermekszobrocska, amelyet &#8216;Eshmun fi\u00fagyermeke&#8217; n\u00e9vvel illetnek, az egyik legh\u00edresebb egyedi t\u00e1rgy; Eshmunazar II. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny r\u00e9v\u00e9n a szentnek \u00e1tadott, \u00e9s ez\u00e1ltal a h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapib\u00f3l kiemelked\u0151.\" tabindex=\"0\">szentelte<\/span> fel, \u00e9s az isten ikonikus ifj\u00fa-szent jelleg\u00e9t t\u00fckr\u00f6zi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitol\u00f3giai elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A f\u00f6n\u00edciai Eshmun-m\u00edtoszok csak t\u00f6red\u00e9kesen maradtak fenn. Damaszkiosz a fentebb eml\u00edtett h\u00e9rosz-elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9st adja el\u0151: Eshmun, egy bejr\u00fati sz\u00e9p ifj\u00fa, Asztart\u00e9 \u00fcld\u00f6z\u00e9s\u00e9nek kit\u00e9ve volt; szerelm\u00e9t\u0151l menek\u00fclve \u00f6nmag\u00e1t megcsonk\u00edtotta \u00e9s meghalt. Asztart\u00e9 felvette holttest\u00e9t, visszavitte Bejr\u00fatba, \u00e9s &#8216;\u00e9letad\u00f3 meleg\u00e9vel \u00faj \u00e9letre h\u00edvta&#8217;.<\/p><p>Ez az elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s szerkezetileg az Ad\u00f3nisz-Tamm\u00faz-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz tartozik: ifj\u00fa haland\u00f3-isteni h\u00e9rosz, hal\u00e1la, felt\u00e1mad\u00e1sa egy istenn\u0151 \u00e1ltal. Vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg a f\u00f6n\u00edciai &#8216;hal\u00f3 \u00e9s felt\u00e1mad\u00f3 isten&#8217; mot\u00edvum p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja, amely a nyugat-mediterr\u00e1n t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen elterjedt volt.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sodik hagyom\u00e1ny Eshmunt a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1ssal k\u00f6ti \u00f6ssze az \u00e1lomban val\u00f3 isteni megjelen\u00e9s (<em>incubatio<\/em>) r\u00e9v\u00e9n: a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1st keres\u0151k a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomban<\/span> aludtak, \u00e9s \u00e1lmukban gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 utas\u00edt\u00e1sokat kaptak.<\/p><p>Ez a gyakorlat megfelel a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9peion-hagyom\u00e1nynak, \u00e9s mindk\u00e9t kult\u00far\u00e1ban p\u00e1rhuzamosan vagy k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1s r\u00e9v\u00e9n alakult ki. Aelius Aristeid\u00e9s <em>Szent besz\u00e9dei<\/em> a Kr. u. 2. sz\u00e1zadb\u00f3l r\u00e9szletesen dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k ezt az inkub\u00e1ci\u00f3s gyakorlatot Aszkl\u00e9piosz eset\u00e9ben; Eshmun vonatkoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban hasonl\u00f3 tud\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sok maradtak fenn Szid\u00f3nb\u00f3l \u00e9s Bejr\u00fatb\u00f3l.<\/p><p>Egy t\u00f6red\u00e9kes f\u00f6n\u00edciai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tart\u00f3s hordoz\u00f3ba v\u00e9sett vagy karcolt sz\u00f6veg.\" tabindex=\"0\">felirat<\/span> Karth\u00e1g\u00f3b\u00f3l egy Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00dcnnep\u00e9lyes vall\u00e1si menet.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00f6rmenetr\u0151l<\/span> tesz emlit\u00e9st egy ravatal k\u00eds\u00e9ret\u00e9vel \u00e9s egy tavaszi napon bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 &#8216;\u00e9bred\u00e9sr\u0151l&#8217;. Ez a tavaszi k\u00f6rmenet t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg a <a href=\"\/hu\/melqart\/\">Melqart<\/a>-fel\u00e9breszt\u00e9si \u00fcnneppel, \u00e9s a f\u00f6n\u00edciai tavaszi \u00fcnnephagyom\u00e1ny r\u00e9sz\u00e9t alkotja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s tisztelet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun f\u0151 kultuszhelye a Bostan esh-Sheikh-i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span> volt, az \u00f3kori Szid\u00f3nt\u00f3l mintegy 4 km-re \u00e9szakkeletre. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomot<\/span> Kr. e. 6. sz\u00e1zadban Eshmunazar I. kir\u00e1ly alap\u00edtotta, \u00e9s Eshmunazar II. (Kr. e. 5. sz\u00e1zad) pomp\u00e1san ki\u00e9p\u00edtette.<\/p><p>Az Eshmunazar II. s\u00edrfelirata (a Louvre-ban) az egyik legjelent\u0151sebb f\u00f6n\u00edciai felirat; Eshmund &#8216;az \u00e9n uram&#8217; n\u00e9vvel illeti, \u00e9s le\u00edrja kultikus jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomegy\u00fcttes<\/span> t\u00f6bb r\u00e9szb\u0151l \u00e1llt: a szent\u00e9llyel rendelkez\u0151 f\u0151\u00e9p\u00fclet, a foly\u00f3vizes gy\u00f3gyf\u00fcrd\u0151, olt\u00e1rokkal d\u00edsz\u00edtett el\u0151udvar, inkub\u00e1ci\u00f3s szob\u00e1k \u00e9s fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kok elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 terek. A gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1st keres\u0151k bronzkont\u00farokb\u00f3l, agyagfigur\u00e1kb\u00f3l, feliratokb\u00f3l \u00e9s &#8216;arany f\u00fcleikb\u0151l&#8217; (a meghallgatott im\u00e1k\u00e9rt h\u00e1l\u00e1b\u00f3l adott jelekb\u0151l) \u00e1ll\u00f3 aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kokat hoztak.<\/p><p>Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl Eshmunnak szent\u00e9lyei voltak Bejr\u00fatban, Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ban (ahol a Byrsa-dombon tisztelt\u00e9k), a ciprusi Idalionban \u00e9s t\u00f6bb m\u00e1s helysz\u00ednen. Idalionban gyakran egy\u00fctt jelenik meg a f\u00f6n\u00edciai Asztart\u00e9val \u00e9s a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aphrodit\u00e9vel. Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ban id\u0151nk\u00e9nt <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> mellett t\u0171nik fel, de meg\u0151rzi \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 funkci\u00f3j\u00e1t.<\/p><p>A szid\u00f3ni Eshmun-feliratok r\u00e9szletesen dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k a papi hierarchi\u00e1t: <em>kohen<\/em> (pap), <em>moqim \u02beelim<\/em> (&#8216;az isten fel\u00e9breszt\u0151je&#8217;), <em>\u02bfbd<\/em>-szolg\u00e1k \u00e9s <em>\u02bemh<\/em>-szolg\u00e1l\u00f3k. Ez a hierarchia \u00f6sszevethet\u0151 a Melqart-kultusz szervezet\u00e9vel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat \u00e9s apotropaikus elemek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eshmun a prototipikus f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gyisten volt. Gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1st keres\u0151k az eg\u00e9sz keleti Mediterr\u00e1neumb\u00f3l \u00e9rkeztek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom\u00e1ba<\/span>, hogy gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1st tal\u00e1ljanak. Az inkub\u00e1ci\u00f3s gyakorlat k\u00f6zponti szerepet t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt be: a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szem\u00e9ly, aki vall\u00e1si ind\u00edttat\u00e1sb\u00f3l utaz\u00e1st tesz egy szent helyre.\" tabindex=\"0\">zar\u00e1ndokok<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomban<\/span> aludtak, sokszor k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges b\u0151r\u00f6k\u00f6n, \u00e9s \u00e1lmukban gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 utas\u00edt\u00e1sokat kaptak.<\/p><p>Reggel a papok \u00e9rtelmezt\u00e9k az \u00e1lmot; a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s gyakran maga az \u00e1lom r\u00e9v\u00e9n, ritu\u00e1lis f\u00fcrd\u0151k \u00fatj\u00e1n vagy rendelt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi szerekkel k\u00f6vetkezett be.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bajelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3: jelekr\u0151l \u00e9s t\u00e1rgyakr\u00f3l, amelyek k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1sokat k\u00edv\u00e1nnak elt\u00e1vol\u00edtani.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaikus<\/span> c\u00e9lb\u00f3l Eshmun-szobrocsk\u00e1kat helyeztek el h\u00e1zakban; az Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomb\u00f3l<\/span> (gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny a Bejr\u00fati Nemzeti M\u00fazeumban) el\u0151ker\u00fclt \u00fan. &#8216;szid\u00f3ni gyermekfigur\u00e1k&#8217; kis fi\u00fakat vagy l\u00e1nyokat \u00e1br\u00e1zolnak, feltehet\u0151en beteg gyermekek gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt adott fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kokk\u00e9nt. A szobrocsk\u00e1kon l\u00e9v\u0151 feliratok meger\u0151s\u00edtik funkci\u00f3jukat h\u00e1laaj\u00e1nd\u00e9kk\u00e9nt vagy k\u00f6ny\u00f6rg\u0151 adom\u00e1nyk\u00e9nt.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">A f\u00f6n\u00edciai szem\u00e9lynevekben Eshmun teonim\u00e1ja igen gyakori: Eshmunazar &#8216;Eshmun seg\u00edt&#8217;, Eshmunpalat &#8216;Eshmun megment&#8217;, Bod-Eshmun &#8216;Eshmun keze \u00e1ltal&#8217;. A teof\u00f3r nevek gyakoris\u00e1ga az intenz\u00edv mag\u00e1n\u00e1h\u00edtatot tan\u00fas\u00edtja. Az iWell Guard Eshmund vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szem\u00e9lyis\u00e9gk\u00e9nt tartja sz\u00e1mon, aktu\u00e1lis gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 utal\u00e1sok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl; a gy\u00f3gykultusz-gyakorlat t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti jelens\u00e9g, amelyet tudom\u00e1nyosan rekonstru\u00e1lnak, nem gyakorlatilag vesznek \u00e1t.<\/p><p>A gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1si ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi szereket is rendeltek; a f\u00f6n\u00edciai papok farmakol\u00f3giai ismeretekkel rendelkeztek, amelyeket gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 sz\u00f6vegek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban hagyom\u00e1nyoztak tov\u00e1bb. Ilyen sz\u00f6vegek t\u00f6red\u00e9kei felismerhet\u0151k az Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomra<\/span> vonatkoz\u00f3 feliratokban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A legfontosabb t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti p\u00e1rhuzam a g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9pios; az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s Kr. e. 5. sz\u00e1zadt\u00f3l irodalmilag adatolt. Aszkl\u00e9pios Apoll\u00f3n fia, kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3, attrib\u00fatumai a bot \u00e9s a k\u00edgy\u00f3. A kett\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti megfelel\u00e9sek annyira szorosak, hogy k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s egym\u00e1sra hat\u00e1s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00edthet\u0151. Stephanie Budin, Corinne Bonnet \u00e9s Mary Bachvarova vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k ezeket a kapcsolatokat.<\/p><p>A mezopot\u00e1miai k\u00f6rben Eshmun r\u00e9szben a Damu gy\u00f3gyistennek \u00e9s Ninazu istennek felel meg; a hettita anyagban nincs k\u00f6zvetlen p\u00e1rhuzamistens\u00e9g, b\u00e1r vannak gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1si ritu\u00e1l\u00e9k, amelyek a hurrita Kamru\u0161epa-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz kapcsol\u00f3dnak. A <a href=\"\/hu\/hetita-istenek\/\">hettita hagyom\u00e1nynak<\/a> megvolt a maga gy\u00f3gykult\u00far\u00e1ja az &#8216;\u00f6regasszonyok&#8217; (<em>\u1e2aAR.\u1e2aAR<\/em>) r\u00e9v\u00e9n, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy specifikus gy\u00f3gyistene lett volna Eshmun \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben.<\/p><p>Ad\u00f3nisszal Eshmun a h\u00e9rosz-mitolog\u00e9m\u00e1t osztja meg: hal\u00e1l \u00e9s egy istenn\u0151 \u00e1ltali \u00fajra\u00e9leszt\u00e9s. Mindkett\u0151 a nyugat-s\u00e9mi veget\u00e1ci\u00f3s h\u00e9rosz-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz tartozik, amely <a href=\"\/hu\/melqart\/\">Melqartot<\/a> is mag\u00e1ban foglalja. Vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg ez a h\u00e9roszcsal\u00e1d a f\u00f6n\u00edciai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bronzkor ut\u00e1ni \u0151skor\u09bf korszak, amelyet a vasfeldolgoz\u00e1s jellemez.\" tabindex=\"0\">vaskornak<\/span> fontos t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti jelens\u00e9ge.<\/p><p>A <a href=\"\/hu\/hetita-istenek\/\">hettita gy\u00f3gykult\u00fara<\/a> hagyom\u00e1nyai, mindenekel\u0151tt az &#8216;\u00f6regasszony&#8217; ritu\u00e1l\u00e9k \u00e9s az inkub\u00e1ci\u00f3s gyakorlatok, funkcion\u00e1lis p\u00e1rhuzamokat mutatnak az Eshmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusszal<\/span>. Volkert Haas a <em>Materia Magica et Medica Hethitica<\/em> (2003) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban dokument\u00e1lta az \u00f3kori anat\u00f3liai gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1si ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kat; k\u00f6zvetlen vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s nem bizony\u00edthat\u00f3, de a struktur\u00e1lis p\u00e1rhuzamok tanuls\u00e1gosak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mai recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Eshmun-kutat\u00e1s ma magas szinten \u00e1ll. Maurice Dunand 1960-as \u00e9vekbeli templom\u00e1sat\u00e1sai klasszikus alapreferenci\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak; Patty Gerstenblith \u00e9s H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader folytatt\u00e1k a r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti kutat\u00e1sokat. Corinne Bonnet az Aszkl\u00e9pios-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 vall\u00e1si hagyom\u00e1nyokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 k\u00e9pzetek vagy istens\u00e9gek \u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">szinkretizmusra<\/span> vonatkoz\u00f3 vizsg\u00e1latai vall\u00e1skomparatisztikai szempontb\u00f3l kiemelked\u0151k.<\/p><p>A n\u00e9pszer\u0171 recepci\u00f3ban Eshmunt legink\u00e1bb a szid\u00f3ni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">temploma<\/span> r\u00e9v\u00e9n ismerik; a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span> ma r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti lel\u0151hely \u00e9s turisztikai l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyoss\u00e1g. Az Eshmunazar-szarkof\u00e1g a Louvre-ban az egyik legh\u00edresebb f\u00f6n\u00edciai r\u00e9gis\u00e9g.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyosan Eshmun ma a f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gyvall\u00e1s, a mediterr\u00e1n Aszkl\u00e9pios-hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9s a haland\u00f3-isteni h\u00e9rosz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1nak<\/span> k\u00f6zponti kutat\u00e1si t\u00e1rgyak\u00e9nt sz\u00e1m\u00edt. A jelenlegi kutat\u00e1si f\u00f3kuszpontok: \u00faj Eshmun-feliratok kiad\u00e1sa, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templomb\u00f3l<\/span> el\u0151ker\u00fclt fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kok elemz\u00e9se, valamint az Aszkl\u00e9piossszal fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 pontos t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kapcsolat k\u00e9rd\u00e9se.<\/p><p>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader \u00e9s Mark Smith leg\u00fajabb, a f\u00f6n\u00edciai vall\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 kutat\u00e1sai Eshmund t\u00e1gabb vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kontextusba helyezik: a fiatalabb istenek-gener\u00e1ci\u00f3 k\u00e9pvisel\u0151jek\u00e9nt, amely a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bronzkor ut\u00e1ni \u0151skor\u05d9 korszak, amelyet a vasfeldolgoz\u00e1s jellemez.\" tabindex=\"0\">vaskorban<\/span> differenci\u00e1lja azokat a specifikus funkci\u00f3kat, amelyek a k\u00e9s\u0151 bronzkorban m\u00e9g egyetlen k\u00e9zben \u00f6sszpontosultak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az al\u00e1bbi v\u00e1logat\u00e1s az Eshmun-kutat\u00e1s legfontosabb alapreferenci\u00e1it foglalja \u00f6ssze. Mag\u00e1ban foglalja templompublik\u00e1ci\u00f3kat, felirat-kiad\u00e1sokat \u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szint\u00e9ziseket. Dunand templomkiadv\u00e1nya klasszikus referencia; Bonnet \u00e9s Sader a f\u00f6n\u00edciai \u00e9s vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti kontextualiz\u00e1l\u00e1st ny\u00fajtj\u00e1k; Aubet a mediterr\u00e1n elterjed\u00e9st; Krahmalkov a nyelvt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti anyagot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29b4c80e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp29b4c80e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20285701 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp20285701\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az eshmuni szent\u00e9ly Bustan esh-Sheikhben, Szid\u00f3n mellett<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d64a737 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d64a737\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cff5052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2cff5052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az <em>Eshmunra<\/em> vonatkoz\u00f3 legfontosabb r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti lelet Szid\u00f3nt\u00f3l mintegy h\u00e1rom kilom\u00e9terre \u00e9szakkeletre, a mai Libanonban, Bustan esh-Sheikh nev\u0171 helyen tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. 1900 \u00f3ta folynak itt \u00e1sat\u00e1sok, eleinte oszm\u00e1n \u00e9s n\u00e9met, majd libanoni \u00e9s francia r\u00e9g\u00e9szek k\u00f6zrem\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9vel, amelyek kiterjedt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szakr\u00e1lis hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9lyt<\/span> t\u00e1rtak fel.<\/p><p>A monument\u00e1lis mag egy gondosan illesztett kv\u00e1derekb\u0151l emelt nagy podiumterasz, amelyet val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg Bodashtart szid\u00f3ni kir\u00e1ly \u00e9p\u00edttetett a Kr. e. 6. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9n.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9nek szentelt szakr\u00e1lis hely.\" tabindex=\"0\">szent\u00e9ly<\/span> az\u00e9rt figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3, mert ritka, k\u00f6zvetlen kapcsolatot teremt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1son bel\u00fcl istenik\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9g<\/span>, kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g \u00e9s \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si felirat k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. T\u00f6bb felirat Bodashtartot nevezi meg adom\u00e1nyoz\u00f3k\u00e9nt, \u00e9s Eshmund jel\u00f6li meg az istens\u00e9gk\u00e9nt, akinek az \u00e9p\u00fcletegy\u00fcttest szentelik.<\/p><p>Eshmun teh\u00e1t nemcsak egy istenlist\u00e1ban szerepl\u0151 n\u00e9v, hanem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1son bel\u00fcl istenik\u00e9nt tisztelt l\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">istens\u00e9g<\/span>, amelyhez dat\u00e1lhat\u00f3, monarchikus t\u00e1mogat\u00e1ssal emelt nagyl\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9ny kapcsolhat\u00f3. A v\u00edz k\u00f6zponti szerepet j\u00e1tszott: csatorn\u00e1k, medenc\u00e9k \u00e9s forr\u00e1s\u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyek sz\u00f6vik \u00e1t az \u00e9p\u00fcletegy\u00fcttest, ami illeszkedik az isten gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p><p>A nevezetes leletek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik az &#8222;Asztart\u00e9 tr\u00f3nja&#8221;, egy \u00fcres istentr\u00f3n, amely Eshmun szoros kapcsolat\u00e1ra utal a szid\u00f3ni v\u00e1rosistenn\u0151vel, valamint gyermekszobrocsk\u00e1k sora, amelyeket fogadalmi aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kokk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmeznek, esetleg gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1ssal vagy v\u00e9delemmel \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben. Az \u00e1sat\u00e1si eredm\u00e9nyeket t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt Maurice Dunand, majd Rolf Stucky publik\u00e1lta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b8a42e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b8a42e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c75b921 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c75b921\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eshmun \u00e9s Aszkl\u00e9pios: egy antik azonos\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s korl\u00e1tai<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp265ed336 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp265ed336\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp222bef1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp222bef1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u00e1r az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00e9s r\u00f3mai kult\u00fara korszaka, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl Kr. e. 800-t\u00f3l Kr. u. 600-ig.\" tabindex=\"0\">antik<\/span> szerz\u0151k is egyenl\u0151s\u00e9gjelet tettek <em>Eshmun<\/em> \u00e9s a g\u00f6r\u00f6g gy\u00f3gyisten, <em>Aszkl\u00e9pios<\/em> k\u00f6z\u00e9. Ez az <em>interpretatio graeca<\/em> j\u00f3l adatolt, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a B\u00fcblosz Phil\u00f3nak\u00e9nt hagyom\u00e1nyozott szerz\u0151n\u00e9l, aki g\u00f6r\u00f6g nyelven refer\u00e1lja a f\u00f6n\u00edciai hagyom\u00e1nyokat, \u00e9s ez magyar\u00e1zza, mi\u00e9rt szerepelt Eshmun a kor\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1sban gyakran egyszer\u0171en mint &#8222;f\u00f6n\u00edciai Aszkl\u00e9pios&#8221;.<\/p><p>Ez az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s egyszerre hasznos \u00e9s vesz\u00e9lyes. Hasznos, mert meger\u0151s\u00edti Eshmun gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati oldal\u00e1t: a szent\u00e9ly vize, a gyermekfelaj\u00e1nl\u00e1sok \u00e9s a gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1sokr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 antik tud\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sok mind olyan istenre vallanak, akihez betegs\u00e9gben fordultak.<\/p><p>Vesz\u00e9lyes, mert arra cs\u00e1b\u00edt, hogy a teljes g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9pios-k\u00e9pet r\u00e1vet\u00edts\u00fck Eshmunra, bele\u00e9rtve a k\u00edgy\u00f3ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1t \u00e9s az inkub\u00e1ci\u00f3s gyakorlatot, amelyekre a f\u00f6n\u00edciai forr\u00e1sanyagban nem minden esetben tal\u00e1lunk k\u00f6zvetlen bizony\u00edt\u00e9kot.<\/p><p>\u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 kutat\u00e1si k\u00e9rd\u00e9s a n\u00e9v eredete. Egy elterjedt, de nem bizony\u00edtott javaslat a s\u00e9mi &#8216;olaj&#8217; vagy &#8216;kenetolaj&#8217; sz\u00f3val \u00e9s ezzel a ken\u00e9ssel mint gy\u00f3gy\u00edrral hozza kapcsolatba; m\u00e1s \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sek sz\u00e1mbeli vonatkoz\u00e1st l\u00e1tnak benne (&#8216;a Nyolcadik&#8217;). Egyik etimol\u00f3gia sem \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan elfogadott. Az etimol\u00f3gi\u00e1n\u00e1l biztosabb megfigyel\u00e9s az, hogy Eshmun Szid\u00f3nban f\u0151istenn\u00e9 emelkedett, \u00e9s a pun feliratokban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Karth\u00e1g\u00f3ra vonatkoz\u00f3an, <a href=\"\/hu\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> mellett jelenik meg. Az isten teh\u00e1t nem helyi k\u00fcl\u00f6nlegess\u00e9g volt, hanem a f\u00f6n\u00edciai elterjed\u00e9si ter\u00fcleten hordozott <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy istens\u00e9g vagy szent alak tisztelet\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9nyek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultusz<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Maurice Dunand: <em>Le temple d&#8217;Echmoun \u00e0 Sidon<\/em> (Paris 1965)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Corinne Bonnet: <em>Les enfants de Cadmos<\/em> (Paris 2015)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader: <em>The History and Archaeology of Phoenicia<\/em> (Atlanta 2019)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Eshmun Szid\u00f3n gy\u00f3gyisten f\u00f6n\u00edciai Aszkl\u00e9pios <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vagy t\u00f6bb istens\u00e9g tisztelet\u00e9re emelt \u00e9p\u00fclet.\" tabindex=\"0\">templom<\/span> Bostan esh-Sheikh.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-eshmun\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s v\u00e9d\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, a <a href=\"\/hu\/foiniciai-istenek\/\">f\u00f6n\u00edciai<\/a> \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s vil\u00e1gkult\u00fara \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9ben. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-eshmun-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-eshmun-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti besorol\u00e1st k\u00e9pviselnek, nem spiritu\u00e1lis gyakorlatra vonatkoz\u00f3 aj\u00e1nl\u00e1st.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eshmun, f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gyisten \u00e9s Szid\u00f3n v\u00e1rosistene Eshmun (f\u00f6n\u00edciai\u0443\u043b \u02be\u0161mn) Szid\u00f3n legf\u0151bb v\u00e1rosistene \u00e9s a f\u00f6n\u00edciai vil\u00e1g egyik legjelent\u0151sebb gy\u00f3gyistene. A g\u00f6r\u00f6g Aszkl\u00e9piosszal azonos\u00edtott\u00e1k, \u00e9s a Szid\u00f3n melletti h\u00edres Eshmun-templomhoz k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151 jelent\u0151s gy\u00f3gykultusz k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban \u00e1ll. IstenF\u00f6n\u00edciaiGy\u00f3gyisten Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Eshmun m\u00edtosza a f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gykultuszokat a hellenisztikus Aszkl\u00e9pios-hagyom\u00e1nyokkal k\u00f6ti \u00f6ssze, \u00e9s \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t meghat\u00e1rozta a szid\u00f3ni templomkultuszt. Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2849,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Eshmun Szid\u00f3n gy\u00f3gyisten f\u00f6n\u00edciai","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Eshmun - Szid\u00f3n gy\u00f3gyistene, m\u00edtosz, kultusz","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Eshmun a f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gyisten \u00e9s Szid\u00f3n legf\u0151bb v\u00e1rosistene. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos besorol\u00e1s m\u00edtosszal \u00e9s kultusszal.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-52327","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Eshmun - Szid\u00f3n gy\u00f3gyistene, m\u00edtosz, kultusz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Eshmun a f\u00f6n\u00edciai gy\u00f3gyisten \u00e9s Szid\u00f3n legf\u0151bb v\u00e1rosistene. 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