{"id":52293,"date":"2026-07-30T14:11:42","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/jabmiidaibmu-a-szamik-halottainak-birodalma-es-alvilaga\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:12:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:12:08","slug":"jabmiidaibmu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/jabmiidaibmu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jabmiidaibmu &#8211; a sz\u00e1mik halottainak birodalma \u00e9s alvil\u00e1ga"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52293\" class=\"elementor elementor-52293 elementor-2672\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jabmiidaibmu - a halottak f\u00f6ldalatti birodalma a sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1nyban<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Jabmiidaibmu, amelyet Jamiaibmu, J\u00e1bme-aibmu vagy Jamijmo alakban is \u00edrnak, a kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g el\u0151tti <a href=\"\/hu\/sami\/\">sz\u00e1mi<\/a> vall\u00e1s halottainak birodalma. A f\u00f6ld alatt helyezkedik el, \u00e9s az elhunytak lak\u00f3helye. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l a cirkumpol\u00e1ris \u00e9s \u00e9szak-eur\u00f3pai mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1kban elterjedt f\u00f6ldalatti halottbirodalmak sz\u00e9les csoportj\u00e1ba tartozik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1ny halotti szellemei.\">Halotti szellemek<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/sami\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">Sz\u00e1mi<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Halottak birodalma \u00e9s alvil\u00e1g.\">Halottak birodalma \u00e9s alvil\u00e1g<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2888\" alt=\"Jabmiidaibmu - Geister aus der Sami-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Jabmiidaibmu a sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1ny f\u00f6ldalatti halottbirodalma. A forr\u00e1sok hideg, \u00e1rny\u00e9kos helyk\u00e9nt \u00edrj\u00e1k le, ahol az elhunytak tov\u00e1bb \u00e9lnek, de nem ugyanolyan form\u00e1ban, mint a f\u00f6ld\u00f6n.<\/p><p>A n\u00e9v a <em>j\u00e1bmi<\/em> (halott) \u00e9s az <em>\u00e1ibmu<\/em> (vil\u00e1g, birodalom) szavakb\u00f3l tev\u0151dik \u00f6ssze. A Jabmiidaibmu sz\u00f3 szerinti jelent\u00e9se teh\u00e1t: a halottak vil\u00e1ga vagy a halottak birodalma. Az etimol\u00f3gia nyelvileg egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 \u00e9s vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyosan j\u00f3l adatolt.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l a Jabmiidaibmu a sz\u00e1mos vall\u00e1sban megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 f\u00f6ldalatti halottbirodalmak sz\u00e9les csoportj\u00e1ba tartozik. Szerkezetileg rokon fogalom az <a href=\"\/hu\/inuit\/\">inuit<\/a> Adlivun (l\u00e1sd <a href=\"\/hu\/anguta\/\">Anguta<\/a>), a g\u00f6r\u00f6g H\u00e1d\u00e9sz alvil\u00e1ga, az \u00f3\u00e9szaki Helheim \u00e9s a mezopot\u00e1miai Kurnugia.<\/p><p>A Jabmiidaibmut az \u00fajabb kutat\u00e1s is behat\u00f3an vizsg\u00e1lta, etnogr\u00e1fiai pontoss\u00e1ggal, nyelvi forr\u00e1skritik\u00e1val \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 szeml\u00e9lettel. A sz\u00e1mi tudom\u00e1nyos k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g maga is r\u00e9sztvev\u0151je e kutat\u00e1snak, \u00e9s kritikusan fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lja a halottbirodalom r\u00e9gebbi, gyarmatias gondolkod\u00e1sm\u00f3ddal \u00e1tsz\u0151tt nyugati \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9seit.<\/p><p>F\u00f6ldalatti halottbirodalmk\u00e9nt a Jabmiidaibmu illeszkedik a cirkumpol\u00e1ris vall\u00e1si topogr\u00e1fia azon mint\u00e1zat\u00e1ba, amely hatalmas f\u00f6ldrajzi t\u00e1vols\u00e1gokon \u00e1t ism\u00e9tl\u0151dik. Az a t\u00e9ny, hogy ez a szerkezet ezer kilom\u00e9tereken \u00e1t meg\u0151rzi alapvon\u00e1sait, az \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tudom\u00e1ny, amely a vall\u00e1sokat \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerrel \u00e9s felekezeti k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcl kutatja.\" tabindex=\"0\">vall\u00e1studom\u00e1ny<\/span> egyik legfigyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3bb meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1sa, amelyet a kutat\u00e1s mindm\u00e1ig vitatja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Jabmiidaibmu n\u00e9v nyelv\u00e9szetileg \u00e1tl\u00e1that\u00f3 \u00f6sszet\u00e9tel. A <em>j\u00e1bmi<\/em> vagy <em>j\u00e1met<\/em> a sz\u00e1mi nyelvben halottat, megholtat, elhunytat jelent. Az <em>\u00e1ibmu<\/em> vagy <em>aibmu<\/em> jelent\u00e9se vil\u00e1g, birodalom, szf\u00e9ra. Ez az \u00f6sszet\u00e9teli m\u00f3d a sz\u00e1mi nyelvben term\u00e9keny, \u00e9s a szok\u00e1sos szaksz\u00f3kincs r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezi.<\/p><p>Etimol\u00f3giailag a <em>j\u00e1bmi<\/em> t\u0151 rokon a finn <em>j\u00e4m\u00e4<\/em> (marad\u00e9k, utols\u00f3) sz\u00f3val, \u00e9s a finnugor alapsz\u00f3kincs r\u00e9sz\u00e9t alkotja. E t\u0151 vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti m\u00e9lys\u00e9ge jelent\u0151s, \u00e9s a hal\u00e1lkoncepci\u00f3 egy r\u00e9gi r\u00e9teg\u00e9re utal.<\/p><p>Nyelvj\u00e1r\u00e1si v\u00e1ltozatok: Jamijmo a d\u00e9li sz\u00e1mi, Jamiaibmu az umei sz\u00e1mi, J\u00e1bme-aibmu az \u00e9szaki sz\u00e1mi nyelvhaszn\u00e1latban. E sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos dialekt\u00e1lis tagol\u00f3d\u00e1ssal p\u00e1rhuzamos.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sszociol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l felmer\u00fcl a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s, hogy a Jabmiidaibmu-k\u00e9pzet milyen szerepet t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt be a hagyom\u00e1nyos sz\u00e1mi k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g t\u00e1rsadalmi rendj\u00e9ben, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a hal\u00e1llal, a gy\u00e1sszal \u00e9s az elhunytakhoz f\u0171z\u0151d\u0151 viszonynyal kapcsolatban.<\/p><p>A vall\u00e1si k\u00e9pzet \u00e9s a t\u00e1rsadalmi gyakorlat itt sem v\u00e1lt el egym\u00e1st\u00f3l, hanem szorosan \u00f6sszefon\u00f3dott. Ez az \u00f6sszefon\u00f3d\u00e1s \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 vall\u00e1santropol\u00f3giai kutat\u00e1si ter\u00fcletet alkot, amelyet k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen H\u00e5kan Rydving \u00e9s Konsta Kaikkonen vizsg\u00e1lt szisztematikusan.<\/p><p>Egy tov\u00e1bbi dimenzi\u00f3 a halottbirodalom mai jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9rinti a sz\u00e1mi identit\u00e1spolitik\u00e1ban. A sz\u00e1mi \u00f6nkorm\u00e1nyzattal \u00e9s az \u0151slakos jogok v\u00f6lkerrechtlicher elismer\u00e9s\u00e9vel a hagyom\u00e1nyos vall\u00e1si k\u00e9pzetek ism\u00e9t nagyobb l\u00e1that\u00f3s\u00e1got nyernek. Hogy a vall\u00e1studom\u00e1ny \u00e9s a politikai elismer\u00e9s mik\u00e9nt fon\u00f3dik itt \u00f6ssze, \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 kutat\u00e1si ter\u00fcletet alkot, amelyre a tudom\u00e1ny az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben egyre nagyobb figyelmet ford\u00edt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Topogr\u00e1fia \u00e9s le\u00edr\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Jabmiidaibmu a f\u00f6ld alatt helyezkedik el, \u00e9s nem k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151. Az elhunytak hal\u00e1luk ut\u00e1n ide ker\u00fclnek, \u00e9s csak s\u00e1m\u00e1nok k\u00e9pesek transzban odautazni, hogy a halottakat megl\u00e1togass\u00e1k vagy megk\u00e9rdezz\u00e9k.<\/p><p>A forr\u00e1sokban, els\u0151sorban Schefferusn\u00e1l, Leemn\u00e9l \u00e9s L\u00e6stadiusn\u00e1l, a Jabmiidaibmu hideg, s\u00f6t\u00e9t, \u00e1rny\u00e9kos helyk\u00e9nt szerepel. Az elhunytak ott egy gyeng\u00e9bb form\u00e1ban \u00e9lnek tov\u00e1bb, gyakran f\u00f6ldi l\u00e9t\u00fck t\u00fck\u00f6rk\u00e9pek\u00e9nt, de cs\u00f6kkent \u00e9leter\u0151vel.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag ez a k\u00e9pzet nem erk\u00f6lcsi \u00edt\u00e9lkez\u00e9s a kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e9rtelemben. A Jabmiidaibmu nem pokol, hanem halottbirodalom, amely minden elhunytat befogad, \u00e9letm\u00f3dj\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl. Ez az etik\u00e1t\u00f3l mentes koncepci\u00f3 vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 jelens\u00e9g.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Az \u00fat a halottak birodalm\u00e1ba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A halottak birodalm\u00e1ba vezet\u0151 utat a sz\u00e1mi forr\u00e1sok r\u00e9szletesen le\u00edrj\u00e1k. Az elhunyt lelke jeges tundr\u00e1kon halad \u00e1t, foly\u00f3n vagy hegyen kel \u00e1t, \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl egy f\u00f6ldalatti r\u00e9sen kereszt\u00fcl l\u00e9p be a Jabmiidaibmuba.<\/p><p>Enn\u00e9l az \u00e1tmenetn\u00e9l k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u0151rz\u0151k \u00e1llnak, akik a lelket vizsg\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Egyes forr\u00e1sokban az \u0151rz\u0151 egy Akka-alak, m\u00e1sokban egy f\u00e9rfi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>. Ez az \u0151rz\u0151-k\u00e9pzet vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag jellemz\u0151 a halottbirodalom-\u00e1tmenetekre.<\/p><p>A s\u00e1m\u00e1noknak, akik transzban utaztak a Jabmiidaibmuba, szint\u00e9n be kellett j\u00e1rniuk ezt az utat. A Jabmiidaibmuba tett s\u00e1m\u00e1ni utaz\u00e1s konkr\u00e9t le\u00edr\u00e1sai r\u00e9szletesek a forr\u00e1sokban, \u00edgy Schefferusn\u00e1l, aki hossz\u00fa tud\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1st k\u00f6z\u00f6l egy noaidi transzutaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l a Jabmiidaibmuba.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A halottak a Jabmiidaibmuban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A halottak a Jabmiidaibmuban f\u00f6ldi l\u00e9t\u00fcket t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u0151, de gyeng\u00edtett form\u00e1ban \u00e9lnek. Megvannak szersz\u00e1maik, csal\u00e1djaik, r\u00e9nszarvas-csord\u00e1ik, \u00e1m mindez kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 intenz\u00edv, mint a f\u00f6ld\u00f6n.<\/p><p>Ez a k\u00e9pzet vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 jelens\u00e9g, \u00e9s megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zteti a sz\u00e1mi halottteol\u00f3gi\u00e1t azokt\u00f3l a hagyom\u00e1nyokt\u00f3l, amelyekben a halottak teljesen m\u00e1s l\u00e9tform\u00e1ba ker\u00fclnek. A sz\u00e1mik eset\u00e9ben az elhunyt identit\u00e1sa megmarad, csup\u00e1n intenzit\u00e1sa cs\u00f6kken.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyosan ez a halottbirodalom t\u00fck\u00f6r-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1nak<\/span> felel meg, amely sz\u00e1mos \u0151shonos vall\u00e1sban adatolt. A m\u00e1s hagyom\u00e1nyokkal val\u00f3 szerkezeti egyez\u00e9s vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Temet\u00e9si r\u00edtusok \u00e9s kapcsolat a halottakkal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A sz\u00e1mi temet\u00e9si r\u00edtusok szorosan kapcsol\u00f3dtak a Jabmiidaibmuhoz. Az elhunytat szersz\u00e1mokkal, \u00e9kszerekkel \u00e9s n\u00e9ha le\u00f6lt r\u00e9nszarvasokkal temett\u00e9k el, amelyekre a halottak birodalm\u00e1ban sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge lesz. Ez a mell\u00e9kletes temet\u00e9si gyakorlat vall\u00e1setnol\u00f3giailag r\u00e9szletesen dokument\u00e1lt.<\/p><p>A halottakkal val\u00f3 kapcsolat a s\u00e1m\u00e1nokon kereszt\u00fcl volt lehets\u00e9ges. V\u00e1ls\u00e1gok, betegs\u00e9g vagy csal\u00e1di \u00fcgyek eset\u00e9n egy noaidi elutazhatott a Jabmiidaibmuba, \u00e9s megk\u00e9rdezhette a halottakat. Ez a gyakorlat vall\u00e1setnol\u00f3giailag a sz\u00e1mi vall\u00e1s egyik k\u00f6zponti eleme volt.<\/p><p>A halottak \u00f6nmagukt\u00f3l is megjelenhetnek, f\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e1lmokban vagy szellemekk\u00e9nt, akik k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges pillanatokban v\u00e1lnak l\u00e1that\u00f3v\u00e1. Ez a k\u00e9pzet vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 jelens\u00e9g, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos \u0151shonos vall\u00e1sban elterjedt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Jabmiidaibmu a cirkumpol\u00e1ris \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1sban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Jabmiidaibmu a cirkumpol\u00e1ris \u00e9s \u00e9szak-eur\u00f3pai vall\u00e1sokban elterjedt f\u00f6ldalatti halottbirodalmak sz\u00e9les csoportj\u00e1ba tartozik. Szerkezetileg rokon az <a href=\"\/hu\/inuit\/\">inuit<\/a> Adlivun (<a href=\"\/hu\/anguta\/\">Anguta<\/a> \u0151rizet\u00e9ben), az \u00f3\u00e9szaki Helheim (Hel \u0151rizet\u00e9ben), a finn Tuonela (Tuonen \u0151rizet\u00e9ben) \u00e9s a nyenyec Ngo&#8217;-jelba.<\/p><p>A Jabmiidaibmu saj\u00e1toss\u00e1ga a r\u00e9szletes topogr\u00e1fiai le\u00edr\u00e1sban \u00e9s a kidolgozott s\u00e1m\u00e1ni utaz\u00e1si gyakorlatban rejlik. A hagyom\u00e1ny e m\u00e9lys\u00e9ge vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3, \u00e9s a sz\u00e1mi halottteol\u00f3gi\u00e1t j\u00f3l felt\u00e1rhat\u00f3 esett\u00e9 teszi.<\/p><p>A finnugor hagyom\u00e1nyon bel\u00fcl a finnek Tuonela-k\u00e9pzete a legk\u00f6zelebbi p\u00e1rhuzam. A szerkezeti rokons\u00e1g jelent\u0151s \u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg j\u00f3l dokument\u00e1lt, \u00e9s egy r\u00e9gi k\u00f6z\u00f6s r\u00e9tegre utal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Misszi\u00f3 \u00e9s kiszor\u00edt\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A kereszt\u00e9ny misszi\u00f3 a Jabmiidaibmut r\u00e9szben pokolk\u00e9nt, r\u00e9szben purgat\u00f3riumk\u00e9nt, r\u00e9szben limbusk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezte \u00e1t. Ez az \u00e1t\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s jelent\u0151s teol\u00f3giai zavarokat okozott, mivel az erk\u00f6lcst\u0151l mentes sz\u00e1mi koncepci\u00f3 nem volt k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl beilleszthet\u0151 a kereszt\u00e9ny erk\u00f6lcsi s\u00e9m\u00e1ba.<\/p><p>A temet\u00e9si gyakorlatot a misszi\u00f3 er\u0151sen megv\u00e1ltoztatta. A mell\u00e9kletek ad\u00e1s\u00e1t megtiltott\u00e1k, a halottak birodalm\u00e1ba tett s\u00e1m\u00e1ni utaz\u00e1sokat kriminaliz\u00e1lt\u00e1k. A hagyom\u00e1ny nyomai a csal\u00e1di gyakorlatban \u00e9s sz\u00f3ban hagyom\u00e1nyozott elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sekben maradtak fenn.<\/p><p>Tudom\u00e1nyosan ez a misszi\u00f3t\u00f6rt\u00e9net \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 kutat\u00e1si ter\u00fcletet alkot. A sz\u00e1mi halottteol\u00f3gia posztkoloni\u00e1lis feldolgoz\u00e1sa az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedekben jelent\u0151s el\u0151rel\u00e9p\u00e9st tett, \u00e9s korrig\u00e1lja a r\u00e9gebbi, misszion\u00e1riusi szeml\u00e9let\u0171 \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1st.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1s \u00e9s jelenlegi \u00e1ll\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Jabmiidaibmu kutat\u00e1sa szerte\u00e1gaz\u00f3. H\u00e5kan Rydving, Juha Pentik\u00e4inen, Anna Lia Berthelsen \u00e9s Konsta Kaikkonen szisztematikusan vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k a halottteol\u00f3gi\u00e1t, \u00e9s felt\u00e1rt\u00e1k a saj\u00e1tosan sz\u00e1mi konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t.<\/p><p>A kort\u00e1rs sz\u00e1mi kult\u00far\u00e1ban a Jabmiidaibmu jelen van a joik-sz\u00f6vegekben, a sz\u00e1mi irodalomban \u00e9s a k\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9szetben. \u00cdr\u00f3k, mint Nils-Aslak Valkeap\u00e4\u00e4, term\u00e9keny m\u00f3don ny\u00faltak a halottbirodalom-k\u00e9pzethez.<\/p><p>A Jabmiidaibmu tudom\u00e1nyos feldolgoz\u00e1sa folyamatban van. Konkr\u00e9t kutat\u00e1si hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1gok mutatkoznak a Jabmiidaibmu \u00e9s a <a href=\"\/hu\/saivo\/\">Saivo<\/a> &#8211; a sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1ny m\u00e1sik f\u00f6ldalatti vil\u00e1g\u00e1nak &#8211; pontos viszony\u00e1t illet\u0151en. Az alvil\u00e1g e kett\u0151ss\u00e9ge vall\u00e1sfenomonol\u00f3giailag \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 jelens\u00e9g.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lexikon-kereszthivatkoz\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Jabmiidaibmu kapcsol\u00f3dik a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 sz\u00f3cikkekhez: <a href=\"\/hu\/saivo\/\">Saivo<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/beaivi\/\">Beaivi<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/maennu-sami\/\">M\u00e1nnu<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/raehka\/\">R\u00e1hka<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/stallo\/\">Stallo<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/sara-akka\/\">Sara-Akka<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/uksakka\/\">Uksakka<\/a>, <a href=\"\/hu\/juksakka\/\">Juksakka<\/a> \u00e9s <a href=\"\/hu\/madderakka\/\">Madderakka<\/a>. A <a href=\"\/hu\/sami\/\">sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1ny<\/a> kultur\u00e1lis gy\u0171jt\u0151sz\u00f3cikke keretezi a halottteol\u00f3gi\u00e1t. Szerkezetileg rokon halottbirodalmak az <a href=\"\/hu\/inuit\/\">inuit<\/a> sz\u00f3cikkcsoportban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, <em>Anguta<\/em> \u00e9s az Adlivun kapcs\u00e1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2483344c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2483344c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21ce3fd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp21ce3fd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1shelyzet: misszion\u00e1riusi \u00e9s n\u00e9prajzi feljegyz\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp208326bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp208326bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2255c84e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2255c84e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>Jabmiidaibmur\u00f3l<\/em>, a sz\u00e1mi halottbirodalom (<em>J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu<\/em>) \u00farn\u0151j\u00e9r\u0151l egyetlen, maguk a sz\u00e1mik \u00e1ltal \u00edrott kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g el\u0151tti sz\u00f6veg sem maradt fenn. Minden tud\u00e1s k\u00f6zvetett forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik: a 17. \u00e9s a korai 18. sz\u00e1zadi luther\u00e1nus misszion\u00e1riusok feljegyz\u00e9seib\u0151l \u00e9s k\u00e9s\u0151bbi n\u00e9prajzi gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyekb\u0151l.<\/p><p>A legfontosabb korai tan\u00fak a d\u00e1n-norv\u00e9g misszi\u00f3s jelent\u00e9sek, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Thomas von Westen Missionscollegium\u00e1nak k\u00f6r\u00e9ben keletkezett k\u00e9ziratok, valamint Isaac Olsen \u00e9s Jens Kildal munk\u00e1i.<\/p><p>Ezek a forr\u00e1sok kett\u0151sen sz\u0171rtek. Egyr\u00e9szt olyan emberekt\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaznak, akik a sz\u00e1mi vall\u00e1st ellenezt\u00e9k, \u00e9s babon\u00e1nak vagy \u00f6rd\u00f6gim\u00e1datnak min\u0151s\u00edtett\u00e9k. M\u00e1sr\u00e9szt sok nevet \u00e9s fogalmat hall\u00e1s ut\u00e1n jegyeztek le, egys\u00e9ges helyes\u00edr\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, ez\u00e9rt a nevek alakja er\u0151sen ingadozik.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1stud\u00f3sok, mint H\u00e5kan Rydving, r\u00e1mutattak arra, hogy a misszion\u00e1riusok l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lag rendszeres istenlist\u00e1i r\u00e9szben maguk is konstrukci\u00f3k, amelyek a sz\u00e1mi k\u00e9pzeteket ismer\u0151s s\u00e9m\u00e1ba szor\u00edtott\u00e1k.<\/p><p>Ehhez j\u00e1rul a region\u00e1lis sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g. A sz\u00e1mi kult\u00fara Norv\u00e9gi\u00e1ra, Sv\u00e9dorsz\u00e1gra, Finnorsz\u00e1gra \u00e9s a Kola-f\u00e9lszigetre terjed ki, t\u00f6bb \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 nyelvvel.<\/p><p>Egy d\u00e9li sz\u00e1mi forr\u00e1sokban megjelen\u0151 alak nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl j\u00e1tszott ugyanolyan szerepet az \u00e9szaki sz\u00e1mi vagy a skolt sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1nyban. A Jabmiidaibmura vonatkoz\u00f3 kijelent\u00e9seket ez\u00e9rt mindig \u00f6ssze kell kapcsolni azzal a k\u00e9rd\u00e9ssel, hogy melyik r\u00e9gi\u00f3b\u00f3l \u00e9s melyik feljegyz\u00e9si r\u00e9tegb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaznak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fb0f9b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2fb0f9b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ae0b2b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ae0b2b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu mint hely: a halottak birodalma a f\u00f6ld alatt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29eae327 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp29eae327\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c64f801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c64f801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00e9pzetekben a <em>J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu<\/em> els\u0151sorban egy hely &#8211; a f\u00f6ld alatt elgondolt halottbirodalom -, \u00e9s csak m\u00e1sodlagosan a birodalom megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett \u00farn\u0151je.<\/p><p>A sz\u00e1mi sz\u00f3 tartalmaz egy &#8222;a halottakra&#8221; utal\u00f3 t\u00f6vet (<em>j\u00e1bmek<\/em>) \u00e9s egy &#8222;vil\u00e1g&#8221; vagy &#8222;birodalom&#8221; jelent\u00e9s\u0171 elemet. A feljegyz\u00e9sek szerint a halottak ott a f\u00f6ldihez hasonl\u00f3, de megford\u00edtott vagy t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u00f6tt von\u00e1sokkal rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9letet \u00e9ltek.<\/p><p>Az \u00e9l\u0151k \u00e9s a halottbirodalom k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolat nem volt v\u00e9glegesen elv\u00e1gva. T\u00f6bb forr\u00e1s tan\u00fas\u00edtja, hogy a <em>noaidi<\/em>, a sz\u00e1mi ritu\u00e1lis szak\u00e9rt\u0151, transzban le tudott sz\u00e1llni a halottakhoz, hogy t\u00e1rgyal\u00e1sokat folytasson, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul betegs\u00e9g eset\u00e9n.<\/p><p>A betegs\u00e9get r\u00e9szben \u00fagy \u00e9rtelmezt\u00e9k, hogy a halottak egy \u00e9l\u0151t magukhoz sz\u00f3l\u00edtanak. A noaidi ekkor helyettes\u00edt\u0151 aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kot &#8211; rendszerint egy \u00e1llatot &#8211; aj\u00e1nlott fel.<\/p><p>Ebben az \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben jelenik meg a megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett \u00farn\u0151. \u0150 az a hat\u00f3s\u00e1g, akivel t\u00e1rgyalni lehet, aki elfogadja vagy elutas\u00edtja az aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kokat. A kereszt\u00e9ny hal\u00e1llal ellent\u00e9tben nem egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en fenyeget\u0151 vagy b\u00fcntet\u0151 alakk\u00e9nt rajzol\u00f3dik meg; egy olyan birodalmat igazgat, amelybe minden ember ker\u00fcl, \u00e9s a sz\u0171kszav\u00fa forr\u00e1sokban halv\u00e1ny marad.<\/p><p>Ez a halv\u00e1nys\u00e1g nem az alak hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1ga, hanem a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tud\u00e1s \u00e9s elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek nemzed\u00e9keken \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1sa.\" tabindex=\"0\">hagyom\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s<\/span> k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye: a misszion\u00e1riusokat az \u00e9rdekelte, amit b\u00e1lv\u00e1nyim\u00e1datk\u00e9nt el\u00edt\u00e9lhettek, nem egy t\u00falvil\u00e1gi \u00farn\u0151 finom von\u00e1sai.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Johannes Schefferus: <em>Lapponia<\/em> (Frankfurt 1673)<\/li><li>Knud Leem: <em>Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper<\/em> (Kopenhagen 1767)<\/li><li>Lars Levi L\u00e6stadius: <em>Fragmenter i lappska mythologien<\/em> (Manuskript ca. 1840)<\/li><li>H\u00e5kan Rydving: <em>The End of Drum-Time<\/em> (Uppsala 1993)<\/li><li>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen: <em>Saamelaiset<\/em> (Helsinki 1995)<\/li><li>Konsta Kaikkonen: <em>Sami Pre-Christian Religion<\/em> (Helsinki 2020)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Jabmiidaibmu Jamiaibmu J\u00e1bme-aibmu sz\u00e1mi halottak birodalma alvil\u00e1g noaidi temet\u00e9si r\u00edtusok.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-jabmiidaibmu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s a v\u00e9d\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, a <a href=\"\/hu\/sami\/\">sz\u00e1mi<\/a> \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s vil\u00e1gkult\u00fara szellem\u00e9ben. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sek, nem spiritu\u00e1lis gyakorlatra vonatkoz\u00f3 aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sok.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jabmiidaibmu &#8211; a halottak f\u00f6ldalatti birodalma a sz\u00e1mi hagyom\u00e1nyban A Jabmiidaibmu, amelyet Jamiaibmu, J\u00e1bme-aibmu vagy Jamijmo alakban is \u00edrnak, a kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g el\u0151tti sz\u00e1mi vall\u00e1s halottainak birodalma. A f\u00f6ld alatt helyezkedik el, \u00e9s az elhunytak lak\u00f3helye. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l a cirkumpol\u00e1ris \u00e9s \u00e9szak-eur\u00f3pai mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1kban elterjedt f\u00f6ldalatti halottbirodalmak sz\u00e9les csoportj\u00e1ba tartozik. Halotti szellemekSz\u00e1miHalottak birodalma \u00e9s alvil\u00e1g Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Besorol\u00e1s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2888,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Jabmiidaibmu sz\u00e1mi halottak birodalma","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Jabmiidaibmu - a sz\u00e1mi vall\u00e1s halottainak birodalma","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"A Jabmiidaibmu a sz\u00e1mi vall\u00e1s halottainak f\u00f6ldalatti birodalma. 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