{"id":52278,"date":"2026-07-30T14:10:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:10:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wandjina-a-kimberley-felho-es-esolenyei\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:11:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:11:00","slug":"wandjina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/wandjina\/","title":{"rendered":"Wandjina &#8211; a Kimberley felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyei"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52278\" class=\"elementor elementor-52278 elementor-2645\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjina, a Worora, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal felh\u0151alakjai a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Wandjin\u00e1k a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 \u00e9szaknyugat-ausztr\u00e1liai Worora-, Ngarinyin- \u00e9s Wunambal-k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9geinek legfontosabb teremt\u0151alakjai. Felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyek, akik egyszerre form\u00e1lt\u00e1k a t\u00e1jat \u00e9s adt\u00e1k az egyes t\u00f6rzsek mai t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyeit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos hagyom\u00e1ny teremt\u0151alakja.\">Teremt\u0151<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/aboriginal\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos hagyom\u00e1ny mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja.\">\u0150slakos<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyek.\">Felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyek<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-wandjina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-wandjina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-wandjina-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2872\" alt=\"Wandjina - G\u00f6tter aus der Aboriginal-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Wandjin\u00e1k (m\u00e1s \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3ddal <em>Wanjina<\/em>, <em>Wondjina<\/em>) a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos vall\u00e1sainak kollekt\u00edv teremt\u0151alakjai \u00c9szaknyugat-Ausztr\u00e1li\u00e1ban. H\u00e1rom nyelvcsoportos k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g, a Worora, a Ngarinyin \u00e9s a Wunambal, osztozik a Wandjina-hagyom\u00e1ny \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9n; k\u00f6z\u00f6sen gondozz\u00e1k azokat a sziklak\u00e9peket, amelyek ezres p\u00e9ld\u00e1nysz\u00e1mban maradtak fenn a Kimberley-szurdokokban.<\/p><p>A Wandjin\u00e1k felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyek, amelyek a mitikus <em>Lalai<\/em>-id\u0151ben (a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 saj\u00e1tos <em>Dreaming<\/em>-megfelel\u0151j\u00e9ben) bej\u00e1rt\u00e1k a f\u00f6ldet \u00e9s megform\u00e1lt\u00e1k azt. Ellent\u00e9tben a <a href=\"\/hu\/rainbow-serpent\/\">Rainbow Serpent<\/a>-tel, amely egyetlen alakk\u00e9nt jelenik meg, a Wandjin\u00e1k egyedi nevekkel \u00e9s t\u00f6rzsi k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9sekkel rendelkez\u0151 l\u00e9nyek sokas\u00e1ga.<\/p><p>Az <a href=\"\/hu\/aboriginal\/\">ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos hagyom\u00e1nyon<\/a> bel\u00fcl a Wandjin\u00e1k k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen ismertek ikonogr\u00e1fiai egyedis\u00e9g\u00fckr\u0151l: nagy szemekkel, hi\u00e1nyz\u00f3 sz\u00e1jjal \u00e9s gl\u00f3ria szer\u0171 fejd\u00edsszel \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k \u0151ket, ez a k\u00e9pi forma egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos m\u0171v\u00e9szetben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e9v \u00e9s etimol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <em>Wandjina<\/em> n\u00e9v mindh\u00e1rom kimberleyi nyelvben megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, kisebb hangtani elt\u00e9r\u00e9sekkel. Az egys\u00e9ges etimol\u00f3giai levezet\u00e9s vitatott; Ian Crawford 1968-ban egy \u201emegjelenni, mutatkozni&#8221; jelent\u00e9s\u0171 igegy\u00f6kkel hozta \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe, ami illeszkedik a Wandjin\u00e1k mint materializ\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00f3 l\u00e9nyek mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1hoz.<\/p><p>M\u00e1s kutat\u00f3k (Andreas Lommel, Helmut Petri) a nevet a \u201efelett\u00fcnk vigy\u00e1z\u00f3&#8221; k\u00e9pzettel kapcsolt\u00e1k \u00f6ssze. Mindk\u00e9t etimol\u00f3gia nyelvt\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg elfogadhat\u00f3, \u00e9s esetleg egy\u00fcttesen hatottak.<\/p><p>A legkor\u00e1bbi eur\u00f3pai forr\u00e1sokban (George Grey 1838, az els\u0151 eur\u00f3pai, aki Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9peket dokument\u00e1lt) a nevet t\u00e9vesen \u201eWonjina&#8221; alakban adj\u00e1k vissza. Ez az \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3d n\u00e9h\u00e1ny viktori\u00e1nus sz\u00f6vegben megmaradt, napjainkra azonban m\u00e1r meghaladott\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Wandjina-ikonogr\u00e1fia az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos m\u0171v\u00e9szet egyik legsaj\u00e1tosabb k\u00e9pi hagyom\u00e1nya. Jellemz\u0151 elemei: nagy, s\u00f6t\u00e9t, pupilla n\u00e9lk\u00fcli szemek; sz\u00e9les orr; a sz\u00e1j hi\u00e1nya (a magyar\u00e1zat szerint egy Wandjina sz\u00e1ja \u00e1radatot z\u00fad\u00edtana a vil\u00e1gra); gl\u00f3ri\u00e1ra eml\u00e9keztet\u0151 fejd\u00edsz, amely az es\u0151felh\u0151ket \u00e9s a vill\u00e1mokat jelen\u00edti meg; gyakran v\u00f6r\u00f6s, s\u00e1rga \u00e9s feh\u00e9r testfest\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Ez az ikonogr\u00e1fia legal\u00e1bb 4000 \u00e9ve adatolt a Kimberley-sziklak\u00e9peken; id\u0151rendben a kor\u00e1bbi, \u201eGwion-Gwion&#8221; nev\u0171 v\u00e9kony figur\u00e1k ut\u00e1n keletkezett. Ian Crawford az <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (Oxford, 1968) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban dolgozta ki rendszeresen az ikonogr\u00e1fiai kronol\u00f3gi\u00e1t.<\/p><p>A mai ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos m\u0171v\u00e9szetben a Wandjin\u00e1kat a h\u00e1rom eml\u00edtett t\u00f6rzscsoporthoz tartoz\u00f3 alkot\u00f3k akrilra, fak\u00e9regre \u00e9s pap\u00edrra festik tov\u00e1bb. A Derby-ben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 Mowanjum m\u0171v\u00e9szeti egyes\u00fclet (alap\u00edtva 1973) e hagyom\u00e1ny egyik legfontosabb m\u0171helye.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitol\u00f3giai elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A legfontosabb Wandjina-elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s egy \u201eNagy \u00c1rad\u00e1sr\u00f3l&#8221; (<em>Galagari<\/em>) sz\u00f3l a <em>Lalai<\/em>-id\u0151ben: a Wandjin\u00e1k elj\u00f6ttek, a vil\u00e1g kaotikus volt, \u0151k \u00f6z\u00f6nvizeikkel rendet teremtettek, kialak\u00edtott\u00e1k a mai t\u00e1jat \u00e9s t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyeket adtak az embereknek.<\/p><p>Munk\u00e1juk v\u00e9gezt\u00e9vel \u201ea szikl\u00e1kra festett\u00e9k magukat&#8221;, azaz a mai sziklak\u00e9pekk\u00e9 v\u00e1ltoztak.<\/p><p>Egy m\u00e1sik elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 Wandjina-csoportok konfliktus\u00e1t \u00edrja le, amely a sz\u00e1raz \u00e9vszak bek\u00f6sz\u00f6nt\u00e9vel \u00e9r v\u00e9get. Ez az etiol\u00f3giai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenekr\u0151l, eredetekr\u0151l \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendj\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00edtosz<\/span> magyar\u00e1zza a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 \u00e9ghajlat\u00e1t: az es\u0151s &#8222;Wet Season&#8221; \u00e9s a sz\u00e1raz &#8222;Dry Season&#8221; kozmikus v\u00e1ltakoz\u00e1sak\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>Anthony Redmond a <em>Places that Move<\/em> (2005) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen pontos lejegyz\u00e9s\u00e9t ny\u00fajtja t\u00f6bb Ngarinyin hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 Wandjina-elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9snek. Ezek a feljegyz\u00e9sek m\u00f3dszertani mintak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lnak a kort\u00e1rs ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos kutat\u00e1s kollaborat\u00edv etnogr\u00e1fi\u00e1j\u00e1ban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultusz \u00e9s tisztelet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A k\u00f6zponti ritu\u00e1lis gyakorlat a Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9pek \u00e9ves meg\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sa (<em>repainting<\/em>). Az es\u0151s \u00e9vszak el\u0151tt a Worora, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek v\u00e9nei felkeresik a sziklak\u00e9p-helysz\u00edneket, \u00e9s friss fest\u00e9kkel vonj\u00e1k be a Wandjin\u00e1kat. Ez a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> nem puszt\u00e1n konzerv\u00e1l\u00e1s, hanem akt\u00edv vall\u00e1si meg\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s: a meg\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s r\u00e9v\u00e9n a Wandjin\u00e1k \u201e\u00e9bren&#8221; maradnak.<\/p><p>Egy adott Wandjina-k\u00e9p gondoz\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt viselt ritu\u00e1lis felel\u0151ss\u00e9g \u00f6r\u00f6kletes, \u00e9s \u00f6sszetett rokons\u00e1gi szab\u00e1lyokat k\u00f6vet. Aki ezt a felel\u0151ss\u00e9get viseli, az az adott k\u00e9p helysz\u00edn\u00e9\u00fcl szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 ter\u00fclet\u00e9rt is felel, ez k\u00f6zvetlen \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9st teremt a ritu\u00e1lis jog \u00e9s a f\u00f6ldh\u00f6z val\u00f3 jog k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p><p>Az 1990-es \u00e9vek konfliktusa abb\u00f3l ad\u00f3dott, hogy Vesna Tenodi nem \u0151slakos k\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9sz Wandjin\u00e1ra eml\u00e9keztet\u0151 alakokat \u00e1ll\u00edtott ki nyilv\u00e1nosan; a Mowanjum-alkot\u00f3k tiltakoztak, \u00e9s az \u00fcgy ausztr\u00e1l b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g el\u00e9 ker\u00fclt, tanuls\u00e1gos p\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt az \u0151slakos k\u00e9pi jogok jogi vit\u00e1j\u00e1ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlat \u00e9s apotropaikus elemek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l le\u00edrva: a Wandjina-hagyom\u00e1ny v\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlata a sziklak\u00e9p-helysz\u00ednek meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a vonatkoz\u00f3 viselked\u00e9si szab\u00e1lyok betart\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul. Nem feljogos\u00edtott szem\u00e9lyek nem l\u00e9phetnek be e helyekre, nem f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pezhetik, nem \u00e9rinthetik azokat. E tabuk megszeg\u00e9se, a hagyom\u00e1nyon bel\u00fcl, viharokat, betegs\u00e9geket \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi konfliktusokat v\u00e1lt ki.<\/p><p>K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges apotropaikus gyakorlat az es\u0151s \u00e9vszak el\u0151tti Wandjina-megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1s: a v\u00e9nek felkeresik a helysz\u00edneket, sz\u00f3lnak a Wandjin\u00e1khoz, \u00e9s \u201ek\u00e9rik&#8221; t\u0151l\u00fck a rendezett es\u0151z\u00e9st. Ez a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott, visszat\u00e9r\u0151 vall\u00e1si cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyilag le\u00edrhat\u00f3 gyakorlatk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezhet\u0151, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy hat\u00e1s\u00edg\u00e9retet fogalmazn\u00e1nk meg.<\/p><p>Az etnogr\u00e1fiai k\u00fcls\u0151 perspekt\u00edv\u00e1b\u00f3l ezek a gyakorlatok a mindennapi \u00e9letet struktur\u00e1l\u00f3 szab\u00e1lyok, amelyek Deborah Bird Rose \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9ben a Country ir\u00e1nti kollekt\u00edv felel\u0151ss\u00e9get testes\u00edtik meg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e1rhuzamok m\u00e1s kult\u00far\u00e1kban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151-teremt\u0151l\u00e9nyek vall\u00e1sfenom\u00e9nol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben adatoltak. Szerkezetileg hasonl\u00f3 alakok: Tlaloc \u00e9s Chac Mezoamerik\u00e1ban; Indra es\u0151funkci\u00f3ban Indi\u00e1ban; Baal az \u00f3sz\u00edriai vall\u00e1sban; Polin\u00e9zi\u00e1ban T\u0101whirim\u0101tea; az Andokban t\u00f6bb id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s-hatalommal b\u00edr\u00f3 Apu.<\/p><p>E p\u00e1rhuzamok ellen\u00e9re a Wandjin\u00e1k vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3k kollekt\u00edv sokas\u00e1guk, ikonogr\u00e1fiai saj\u00e1toss\u00e1guk (a sz\u00e1j hi\u00e1nya) \u00e9s egy konkr\u00e9t topogr\u00e1fiai gyakorlatba val\u00f3 teljes be\u00e1gyazotts\u00e1guk r\u00e9v\u00e9n. Nem \u201ees\u0151istenek&#8221;, hanem felh\u0151l\u00e9nyek, amelyek egyszerre testes\u00edtik meg a t\u00e1jat \u00e9s az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1st.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sfenom\u00e9nol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3, hogy a Wandjin\u00e1k sz\u00e1j-hi\u00e1ny\u00e1t explicit mitol\u00f3giai indokl\u00e1s k\u00eds\u00e9ri: egy sz\u00e1jjal rendelkez\u0151 Wandjina \u00f6z\u00f6nvizet z\u00fad\u00edtana a vil\u00e1gra. Az ilyen \u00f6nreferenci\u00e1lis k\u00e9p-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> t\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg ritka jelens\u00e9g.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mai recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A legfontosabb korai munk\u00e1k: George Grey \u00fatle\u00edr\u00e1sa (1841), Andreas Lommel <em>Die Unambal<\/em> (1952) \u00e9s Helmut Petri <em>Sterbende Welt in Nordwest-Australien<\/em> (1954) c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6tetei, valamint Ian Crawford <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (Oxford, 1968) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171ve. Anthony Redmond kort\u00e1rs munk\u00e1i eg\u00e9sz\u00edtik ki ezt a kor\u00e1bbi hagyom\u00e1nyt.<\/p><p>A Wandjin\u00e1k ma nemzetk\u00f6zileg ismertek a Mowanjum m\u0171v\u00e9szeti egyes\u00fclet r\u00e9v\u00e9n, valamint a Derby-ben \u00e9vente megrendezett Mowanjum-fesztiv\u00e1l \u00e1ltal, amely \u00f6sszehozza a h\u00e1rom t\u00f6rzscsoportot. Tudom\u00e1nyos szempontb\u00f3l ez az egyes\u00fclet az\u00e9rt figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3, mert a hagyom\u00e1nyos gyakorlatot \u00e9s a modern \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9st a vall\u00e1si tartalom felad\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl kapcsolja \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p>Egy fontos kort\u00e1rs kutat\u00e1si ir\u00e1ny a Wandjina-hagyom\u00e1nyt az 1992-es Mabo-\u00edt\u00e9let \u00f3ta zajl\u00f3 f\u00f6ldjogi folyamatokkal hozza \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe. A Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9pek vall\u00e1si jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge itt jogi \u00e9rvel\u00e9si figurak\u00e9nt jelenik meg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kutat\u00e1si vit\u00e1k \u00e9s nyitott k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00f6bb kutat\u00e1si vita forog a Wandjin\u00e1k k\u00f6r\u00fcl. El\u0151sz\u00f6r: mi a viszony a Wandjin\u00e1k \u00e9s a kor\u00e1bbi Gwion-Gwion-sziklak\u00e9pek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt? Lommel r\u00e9gebbi t\u00e9zise a Gwion-Gwionban el\u0151zm\u00e9ny-hagyom\u00e1nyt l\u00e1tott; a frissebb kutat\u00e1s (Crawford, Crocombe) itt \u00f3vatosabb \u00e1ll\u00e1spontra helyezkedik.<\/p><p>M\u00e1sodszor: milyen \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s \u00e1ll fenn a Wandjin\u00e1k \u00e9s a p\u00e1n-ausztr\u00e1l Rainbow Serpent-hagyom\u00e1ny k\u00f6z\u00f6tt? Anthony Redmond r\u00e9szleges integr\u00e1ci\u00f3t javasol; Tony Swain \u00f3va int az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 p\u00e1n-ausztr\u00e1l hipot\u00e9zisekt\u0151l.<\/p><p>Harmadszor: hogyan alak\u00edtja a Wandjina-hagyom\u00e1nyt a glob\u00e1lis m\u0171piac? Howard Morphy \u201eBecoming Art&#8221; fogalma e k\u00e9rd\u00e9s meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 elm\u00e9leti vonatkoztat\u00e1si pontja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A repainting \u00e9s a vall\u00e1si meg\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s figyelmet \u00e9rdemel a repainting-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Szimbolikus cselekm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyozott sora, vall\u00e1si vagy kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u00e9ssel.\" tabindex=\"0\">r\u00edtus<\/span> mint vall\u00e1si gyakorlat. A sziklak\u00e9pek ritu\u00e1lis meg\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak kett\u0151s funkci\u00f3ja van: fizikailag \u00e9vezredeken \u00e1t l\u00e1that\u00f3v\u00e1 teszi a k\u00e9peket, vall\u00e1si szempontb\u00f3l pedig \u201e\u00e9bren&#8221; tartja a Wandjin\u00e1kat \u00e9s fenntartja kapcsolatukat az \u00e9l\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9ggel.<\/p><p>A kutat\u00e1s hossz\u00fa ideig puszt\u00e1n konzerv\u00e1l\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezte a repaintinget; csak az 1990-es \u00e9vekt\u0151l, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Anthony Redmond munk\u00e1inak hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra ismert\u00e9k el szerves vall\u00e1si gyakorlatk\u00e9nt. Ez az elismer\u00e9s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekkel j\u00e1r a nyugati konzerv\u00e1torok sziklak\u00e9pekhez val\u00f3 viszonyul\u00e1s\u00e1ra n\u00e9zve: ha megakad\u00e1lyozz\u00e1k a repaintinget, a hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9ben \u201emeg\u00f6lik&#8221; a Wandjin\u00e1kat.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sfenom\u00e9nol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l a repainting a \u201evall\u00e1sos anyagis\u00e1g&#8221; egy p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja: a vall\u00e1si t\u00e1rgyak nem csup\u00e1n jelent\u00e9shordoz\u00f3k, hanem akt\u00edv szerepl\u0151k, amelyeket ritu\u00e1lis cselekm\u00e9ny tart \u00e9letben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjin\u00e1k \u00e9s az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos f\u00f6ldjogok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Egy aktu\u00e1lis kutat\u00e1si perspekt\u00edva a Wandjin\u00e1kat az ausztr\u00e1l f\u00f6ldjogi folyamatokkal hozza \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe. Az 1992-es Mabo-\u00edt\u00e9let \u00e9s az azt k\u00f6vet\u0151 1993-as Native Title Act \u00f3ta az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos csoportok hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9seik alapj\u00e1n t\u00e1maszthatnak f\u00f6ldig\u00e9nyt. A Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9pek ek\u00f6zben jogi \u00e9rvel\u00e9si figurak\u00e9nt funkcion\u00e1lnak.<\/p><p>T\u00f6bb Wandjin\u00e1khoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 f\u00f6ldjogi elj\u00e1r\u00e1s sikeresen z\u00e1rult le; a Worora, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal csoportoknak ma \u00e9rdemi f\u00f6ldjogaik vannak a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban. Anthony Redmond t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban elemezte e folyamatok vall\u00e1si \u00e9s jogi dimenzi\u00f3it.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sszociol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l ez az \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s tanuls\u00e1gos p\u00e9lda: a vall\u00e1s jogi hat\u00e1s\u00fa kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy elvesz\u00edten\u00e9 vall\u00e1si jelleg\u00e9t. Ez az \u00f6sszefon\u00f3d\u00e1s meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 a kort\u00e1rs ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos kutat\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f3dszertani reflexi\u00f3 \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Wandjina-kutat\u00e1sban t\u00f6bb m\u00f3dszertani probl\u00e9ma mer\u00fcl fel. El\u0151sz\u00f6r: a legfontosabb korai forr\u00e1sok (George Grey, Andreas Lommel) gyarmati el\u0151\u00edt\u00e9letekkel terheltek; \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1saikat kritik\u00e1val kell olvasni. Ian Crawford <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (1968) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1ja e tekintetben m\u00f3dszertani fordul\u00f3pontot jelent.<\/p><p>M\u00e1sodszor: a Wandjina-tud\u00e1s jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sze \u201erestricted&#8221;, azaz nyilv\u00e1nosan nem tehet\u0151 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9. A kort\u00e1rs kutat\u00e1s az \u201einformed consent&#8221; etik\u00e1j\u00e1t alkalmazza: amit publik\u00e1lnak, azt a hagyom\u00e1ny hagyom\u00e1nyos tulajdonosaival egyeztetve teszik. Ez a gyakorlat az 1990-es \u00e9vek \u00f3ta standard.<\/p><p>Harmadszor: a Wandjin\u00e1k \u00f6n\u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa \u0151slakos kutat\u00f3k, alkot\u00f3k \u00e9s aktivist\u00e1k r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 forr\u00e1sr\u00e9teget alkot. Donny Woolagoodja, Mark Crocombe \u00e9s a Mowanjum-egyes\u00fclet m\u00e1s kort\u00e1rs hangjai kieg\u00e9sz\u00edtik az akad\u00e9miai k\u00fcls\u0151 perspekt\u00edv\u00e1t.<\/p><p>A Wandjin\u00e1k t\u00e1gabb vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9hez az \u00e9szaknyugat-ausztr\u00e1liai ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos vall\u00e1s \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9srendszer\u00e9ben az <a href=\"\/hu\/aboriginal\/\">ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos hagyom\u00e1ny<\/a> gy\u0171jt\u0151oldal ny\u00fajt \u00fatmutat\u00e1st. Ott tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k hivatkoz\u00e1sok a szorosan kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 alakk\u00f6r\u00f6kh\u00f6z: az ophidi\u00e1lis <a href=\"\/hu\/rainbow-serpent\/\">Rainbow Serpent<\/a>-hez, a vill\u00e1m-megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edt\u00e9shez, <a href=\"\/hu\/namarrkon\/\">Namarrkonhoz<\/a>, valamint a v\u00e9kony vonal\u00fa \u00e1rny\u00e9kfigur\u00e1khoz, a <a href=\"\/hu\/mimi-geister\/\">Mimi szellemekhez<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjin\u00e1k \u00e9s a Mowanjum-komplexum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s figyelmet \u00e9rdemel a Derby-ben (Nyugat-Ausztr\u00e1lia) m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 Mowanjum m\u0171v\u00e9szeti k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g. A Mowanjum (alap\u00edtva 1973) a Worora, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek egyes\u00fclete, amely a Wandjina-hagyom\u00e1nyt m\u0171v\u00e9szet, oktat\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fcnnepi kult\u00fara r\u00e9v\u00e9n \u00e1polja.<\/p><p>Az 1997 \u00f3ta \u00e9vente megrendezett Mowanjum-fesztiv\u00e1l Ausztr\u00e1lia egyik legjelent\u0151sebb ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos \u00fcnnepi rendezv\u00e9nye. A h\u00e1rom t\u00f6rzscsoportot k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00e1ncokban, \u00e9nekekben \u00e9s Wandjina-megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1sokban hozza \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sszociol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l a Mowanjum tanuls\u00e1gos p\u00e9lda a kort\u00e1rs ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos \u00f6nszervez\u0151d\u00e9sre. A vall\u00e1si hagyom\u00e1ny, a gazdas\u00e1gi fenntarthat\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e9s a politikai k\u00e9pviselet integr\u00e1lt strukt\u00far\u00e1ban kapcsol\u00f3dik \u00f6ssze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjin\u00e1k \u00e9s a glob\u00e1lis m\u0171piac<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 kutat\u00e1si ir\u00e1nyt k\u00e9pez a Wandjina-m\u0171v\u00e9szet helyzete a glob\u00e1lis m\u0171piacon. Az 1980-as \u00e9vekt\u0151l fogva Wandjin\u00e1khoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 alkot\u00e1sokat \u00e1ll\u00edtanak ki \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edtenek nemzetk\u00f6zileg; egyes darabok magas \u00e1ron kelnek el.<\/p><p>Ez a kereskedelmi hasznos\u00edt\u00e1s vall\u00e1sszociol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l ambivalens. Egyr\u00e9szt biztos\u00edtja az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek gazdas\u00e1gi fennmarad\u00e1s\u00e1t; m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt titkos vall\u00e1si tartalmakat piaci term\u00e9kekk\u00e9 alak\u00edt. A Mowanjum-egyes\u00fclet mechanizmusokat dolgozott ki e fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul tan\u00fas\u00edtott \u201eWandjina-orsz\u00e1g&#8221; c\u00edmk\u00e9kkel.<\/p><p>Anthony Redmond t\u00f6bb tanulm\u00e1nyban vizsg\u00e1lta e m\u0171kereskedelmi \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9s etikai vonatkoz\u00e1sait. Munk\u00e1i m\u00f3dszertanilag ir\u00e1nyad\u00f3k a kort\u00e1rs ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos m\u0171etnol\u00f3gia sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9pek a Native Title-elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az Australian High Court 1992-es Mabo-\u00edt\u00e9lete \u00f3ta az ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos csoportok hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9seik alapj\u00e1n t\u00e1maszthatnak f\u00f6ldig\u00e9nyt. A Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9pek e folyamatban jogi \u00e9rvel\u00e9si figurak\u00e9nt funkcion\u00e1lnak: a f\u00f6ldh\u00f6z val\u00f3 folyamatos kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s vizu\u00e1lis bizony\u00edt\u00e9kak\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>T\u00f6bb Wandjin\u00e1khoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 f\u00f6ldjogi elj\u00e1r\u00e1s sikeresen z\u00e1rult le; a Worora, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal csoportok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban kiterjedt f\u00f6ldjogokat ismertek el. Anthony Redmond r\u00e9szletesen elemezte e folyamatok vall\u00e1si \u00e9s jogi dimenzi\u00f3it.<\/p><p>Vall\u00e1sszociol\u00f3giai szempontb\u00f3l ez az eset p\u00e9ldaszer\u0171en mutatja, hogyan v\u00e1lhat a vall\u00e1s jogilag teherb\u00edr\u00f3 kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1v\u00e1 an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy elvesz\u00edten\u00e9 vall\u00e1si tartalm\u00e1t. A kort\u00e1rs ausztr\u00e1l joggyakorlat sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra ez olyan innov\u00e1ci\u00f3, amelynek k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei j\u00f3val meghaladj\u00e1k a Wandjina-r\u00e9gi\u00f3t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00f3dszertani reflexi\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1setika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A kort\u00e1rs Wandjina-kutat\u00e1s szigor\u00fa kutat\u00e1setik\u00e1t k\u00f6vet. Az 1990-es \u00e9vek \u00f3ta az \u201einformed consent&#8221; gyakorlata standard: a tudom\u00e1nyos munk\u00e1kat a hagyom\u00e1nyos tulajdonosokkal egyeztetve v\u00e9gzik, \u00e9rz\u00e9keny tartalmakat nem hoznak nyilv\u00e1noss\u00e1gra, az \u0151slakos szerz\u0151s\u00e9get elismerik.<\/p><p>Anthony Redmond e tekintetben k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen ir\u00e1nyad\u00f3 m\u00f3dszertanilag. Munk\u00e1i mint\u00e1t ny\u00fajtanak a kollaborat\u00edv etnogr\u00e1fi\u00e1hoz, amely a tudom\u00e1nyos norm\u00e1kat kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9ggel \u00f6tv\u00f6zi. M\u00e1s kutat\u00f3k (Howard Morphy, Mark Crocombe) hasonl\u00f3 elveket k\u00f6vetnek.<\/p><p>Ez az etika nemcsak a vall\u00e1si tartalmat, hanem a tudom\u00e1nyos kutat\u00e1s min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t is v\u00e9di. Elker\u00fcli a kor\u00e1bbi gyarmati etnogr\u00e1fi\u00e1ban gyakori torz\u00edt\u00e1sokat, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a Wandjina-hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e1rnyaltabb megragad\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Wandjina-repainting \u00e9s a konzerv\u00e1l\u00e1si vit\u00e1k<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges vita \u00f6vezi a Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9pek \u00fajrafest\u00e9s\u00e9t. A nyugati konzerv\u00e1torok sok\u00e1ig a hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00e9pek lefest\u00e9s\u00e9t \u201ek\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00e1sk\u00e9nt&#8221; \u00e9rtelmezt\u00e9k; az \u0151slakos perspekt\u00edva szerint azonban a repainting a vall\u00e1si gyakorlat szerves r\u00e9sze.<\/p><p>Az 1990-es \u00e9vekben ez a fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g a \u201eMunja&#8221; Wandjina-helysz\u00edn k\u00f6r\u00fcli vit\u00e1ban v\u00e1lt szeml\u00e9letess\u00e9: egy nyugati restaur\u00e1l\u00e1si kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9st a hagyom\u00e1nyos tulajdonosok elutas\u00edtottak, \u00e9s ehelyett hagyom\u00e1nyos repaintinget v\u00e9geztek. Ezt a d\u00f6nt\u00e9st ut\u00f3bb m\u00f3dszertanilag ir\u00e1nyad\u00f3nak ismert\u00e9k el.<\/p><p>Ma a Wandjina-helysz\u00ednek konzerv\u00e1l\u00e1sa a hagyom\u00e1nyos szab\u00e1lyokat k\u00f6veti. Nyugati tud\u00f3sok a hagyom\u00e1nyos tulajdonosokkal egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6dve dolgoznak; a repaintinget vall\u00e1si gyakorlatk\u00e9nt tisztelik. Ez az egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s vil\u00e1gszerte hasonl\u00f3 helyzetekben mintak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a9ffe6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2a9ffe6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2550abe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2550abe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Kimberley-sziklak\u00e9pek \u00e9s az \u00fajrafest\u00e9s joga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp241f3b16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp241f3b16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e512e9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e512e9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Wandjin\u00e1k nemcsak elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9sek alakjai, hanem mindenekel\u0151tt egy konkr\u00e9t k\u00e9pkomplexum Ausztr\u00e1lia \u00e9szaknyugati r\u00e9sz\u00e9n, a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 sziklafalain.<\/p><p>A festm\u00e9nyek jellemz\u0151en nagy arcokat \u00e1br\u00e1zolnak sz\u00e9lesre nyitott szemekkel, orral, de sz\u00e1j\u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, k\u00f6r\u00fclv\u00e9ve egy sugaras fejd\u00edszel, amelyet a kutat\u00e1s legt\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r felh\u0151kkel \u00e9s vill\u00e1mmal hoz \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe.<\/p><p>Ezek a k\u00e9pek sziklamened\u00e9kekben \u00e9s barlangokban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k a Worrorra, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal t\u00f6rzsek ter\u00fcletein, amelyek ma r\u00e9szben Wandjina-Wunggurr-k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gekk\u00e9nt szervez\u0151dnek.<\/p><p>A meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos, egy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben rendszeresen ism\u00e9telt cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">szok\u00e1s<\/span> a festm\u00e9nyek ritu\u00e1lis meg\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sa. A v\u00e1ltozatlan m\u0171t\u00e1rgy eur\u00f3pai k\u00e9pzet\u00e9vel ellent\u00e9tben a Kimberley-hagyom\u00e1ny a Wandjina-k\u00e9pek lefest\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s felfriss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t vall\u00e1si k\u00f6teless\u00e9gk\u00e9nt ismeri.<\/p><p>Arra feljogos\u00edtott szem\u00e9lyek, akik az adott hellyel \u00e9s annak Wandjin\u00e1j\u00e1val megfelel\u0151 kapcsolatban \u00e1llnak, meg\u00faj\u00edtj\u00e1k a fest\u00e9ket, hogy a k\u00e9p, \u00e9s ezzel a Wandjina hat\u00e1sa, \u00e9l\u0151 maradjon. Egy elhalv\u00e1nyult, gondozatlan k\u00e9p a megbomlott rend jel\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00edtott. Azt, hogy ki festhet \u00fajra, szigor\u00fa szab\u00e1lyok rendezik, \u00e9s rokons\u00e1gi k\u00f6tel\u00e9khez, helyi k\u00f6t\u00f6tts\u00e9ghez \u00e9s tud\u00e1s\u00e1tad\u00e1shoz kapcsolj\u00e1k.<\/p><p>\u00c9ppen ez a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hagyom\u00e1nyos, egy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben rendszeresen ism\u00e9telt cselekm\u00e9ny.\" tabindex=\"0\">szok\u00e1s<\/span> vezetett s\u00falyos konfliktusokhoz a 20. sz\u00e1zad m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9ben. Az 1980-as \u00e9vekben foglalkoztat\u00e1si programok keret\u00e9ben olyan szem\u00e9lyek \u00faj\u00edtottak fel sziklak\u00e9peket, akik a hagyom\u00e1nyos tulajdonosok meg\u00edt\u00e9l\u00e9se szerint erre nem voltak feljogos\u00edtva.<\/p><p>Az ebb\u0151l keletkez\u0151 vita, amely Ausztr\u00e1li\u00e1ban a Wandjina-repainting k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek\u00e9nt v\u00e1lt ismertt\u00e9, megvil\u00e1g\u00edtotta, hogy a konzerv\u00e1l\u00e1s, a turizmus \u00e9s az \u0151slakos vall\u00e1sgyakorlat k\u00f6nnyen ker\u00fclhet egym\u00e1ssal ellent\u00e9tbe. Azt is megmutatta, hogy e k\u00e9pek nem szabadon kezelhet\u0151 r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti anyagok, hanem egy \u00e9l\u0151 vall\u00e1si gyakorlat r\u00e9szei egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 illet\u00e9kess\u00e9ggel.<\/p><p>Komoly tudom\u00e1nyos bemutat\u00e1sb\u00f3l k\u00f6vetkezik, hogy a Wandjina-sziklak\u00e9pek nem kezelhet\u0151k csup\u00e1n \u0151skori m\u0171v\u00e9szetk\u00e9nt. Dat\u00e1l\u00e1suk vitatott; a l\u00e1that\u00f3 r\u00e9tegek k\u00f6z\u00fcl sok az ism\u00e9telt \u00fajrafest\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9n fiatal, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy ez a hagyom\u00e1ny magas kor\u00e1t k\u00e9rd\u0151jelezn\u00e9 meg.<\/p><p>Akinek a Wandjin\u00e1kr\u00f3l \u00edr, annak kifejezetten meg kell neveznie a hagyom\u00e1nyos tulajdonosok folyamatosan fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 jog\u00e1t a k\u00e9phez, a helyhez \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemhez.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Irodalom (v\u00e1logat\u00e1s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Ian Crawford: <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (Oxford 1968)<\/li><li>Andreas Lommel: <em>Die Unambal<\/em> (1952)<\/li><li>Helmut Petri: <em>Sterbende Welt in Nordwest-Australien<\/em> (1954)<\/li><li>Tony Swain: <em>A Place for Strangers<\/em> (Cambridge 1993)<\/li><li>Anthony Redmond: <em>Places that Move<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Kim Akerman: <em>Aboriginal artifacts<\/em> (2015)<\/li><li>Mark Crocombe: <em>Rock Art of the Kimberley<\/em> (2017)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-wandjina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-wandjina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-wandjina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-wandjina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Wandjin\u00e1k a Worora, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek <em>felh\u0151alakjai<\/em> a Nyugat-Ausztr\u00e1lia Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3j\u00e1ban; sz\u00e1j n\u00e9lk\u00fcli sziklak\u00e9pi \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1saik es\u0151h\u00f6z, monszunhoz \u00e9s az \u00e9letfelt\u00e9telek meg\u00fajul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dnak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 kulcsfogalmak: Wandjina Kimberley Worora Ngarinyin Wunambal sziklak\u00e9pek Mowanjum.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-wandjina\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u00e9s a v\u00e9d\u0151hagyom\u00e1nyok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Az iWell Guard a hordozhat\u00f3 v\u00e9d\u0151t\u00e1rgyak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik, az <a href=\"\/hu\/aboriginal\/\">ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos<\/a> \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s vil\u00e1gkult\u00fara \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9ben. 41 r\u00e9teg, sz\u00ednarany, platina, ez\u00fcst, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. 30 napos visszak\u00fcld\u00e9si jog.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">B\u0151vebben az iWell Guard-r\u00f3l<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az egy\u00e9ni tapasztalatok elt\u00e9rhetnek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. Nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z. Nem tartalmaz gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00edg\u00e9retet.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Az iWell Guard <strong>nem orvostechnikai eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem helyettes\u00edti az orvosi vagy pszichoter\u00e1pi\u00e1s kezel\u00e9st. A vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos tartalmak kult\u00fart\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9sek, nem spiritu\u00e1lis gyakorlatra vonatkoz\u00f3 aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sok.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wandjina, a Worora, Ngarinyin \u00e9s Wunambal felh\u0151alakjai a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban A Wandjin\u00e1k a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 \u00e9szaknyugat-ausztr\u00e1liai Worora-, Ngarinyin- \u00e9s Wunambal-k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9geinek legfontosabb teremt\u0151alakjai. Felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyek, akik egyszerre form\u00e1lt\u00e1k a t\u00e1jat \u00e9s adt\u00e1k az egyes t\u00f6rzsek mai t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyeit. Teremt\u0151\u0150slakosFelh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyek Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k Besorol\u00e1s \u00e9s r\u00f6vid profil A Wandjin\u00e1k (m\u00e1s \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3ddal Wanjina, Wondjina) a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos vall\u00e1sainak kollekt\u00edv [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2872,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Wandjina Kimberley ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Wandjina - ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos es\u0151l\u00e9nyek, m\u00edtosz \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"A Wandjin\u00e1k a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakosainak hatalmas felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyei \u00c9szaknyugat-Ausztr\u00e1li\u00e1ban. Vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyos \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"aboriginal","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-52278","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Wandjina - ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakos es\u0151l\u00e9nyek, m\u00edtosz \u00e9s forr\u00e1sok<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Wandjin\u00e1k a Kimberley-r\u00e9gi\u00f3 ausztr\u00e1l \u0151slakosainak hatalmas felh\u0151- \u00e9s es\u0151l\u00e9nyei \u00c9szaknyugat-Ausztr\u00e1li\u00e1ban. 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