{"id":52210,"date":"2026-07-30T14:05:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hananim-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:06:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:06:00","slug":"hananim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/hananim\/","title":{"rendered":"Hananim"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52210\" class=\"elementor elementor-52210 elementor-3054\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c829f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"94c829f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b923208 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b923208\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-774a445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"774a445\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d35426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d35426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim, a koreai s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmus legf\u0151bb istene<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdceee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdceee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hananim (koreaiul \ud558\ub098\ub2d8) a modern koreai sz\u00f3 az &#8222;\u00e9gi \u00far&#8221; vagy &#8222;legf\u0151bb isten&#8221; fogalm\u00e1ra. A mitol\u00f3giailag r\u00f6gz\u00edtett alap\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00edtosz alakjak\u00e9nt sz\u00e1mon tartott Hwanint\u00f3l elt\u00e9r\u0151en a Hananim vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg viszonylag fiatal fogalom, amelyet a 19. sz\u00e1zadt\u00f3l f\u0151k\u00e9nt kereszt\u00e9ny, \u00fajvall\u00e1si \u00e9s n\u00e9pi spiritu\u00e1lis \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sekben haszn\u00e1lnak.<\/p><p>Az, hogy a Hananim k\u00f6zponti istennevv\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, Korea vall\u00e1si \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezi, amelyet a nyugati kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9ggel \u00e9s a saj\u00e1t vall\u00e1si reformmozgalmakkal val\u00f3 tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1s alak\u00edtott.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a87fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c0a87fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000caa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"000caa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Isten \/ Istenn\u0151: Egy kult\u00fara panteonj\u00e1nak megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett legf\u0151bb hatalma, j\u00f3l meghat\u00e1rozott hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r\u00f6kkel: term\u00e9szeti er\u0151k, sors, h\u00e1bor\u00fa, term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g. Kultuszok, \u00e1ldozatok \u00e9s templomi int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyek r\u00e9v\u00e9n tisztelik.\">Isten<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/korea\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Koreai istenek, s\u00e1m\u00e1nok \u00e9s n\u00e9pi szellemvil\u00e1g.\">Korea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cc34b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8cc34b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508a21 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2508a21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31242e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b31242e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3873cfc iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3873cfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3243\" alt=\"Hananim - G\u00f6tter aus der Korea-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b057e62 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b057e62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc0b35b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc0b35b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f71efa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f71efa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etimol\u00f3gia \u00e9s sz\u00f3t\u00f6rt\u00e9net<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b763f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b763f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hananim sz\u00f3 a koreai &#8222;haneul&#8221; (\u00e9g) \u00e9s a tiszteleti &#8222;-nim&#8221; szuffixum \u00f6sszet\u00e9tel\u00e9b\u0151l \u00e1ll, ami sz\u00f3 szerint &#8222;a tiszteletrem\u00e9lt\u00f3 \u00e9g&#8221; vagy &#8222;az \u00e9g ura&#8221; jelent\u00e9ssel b\u00edr. R\u00e9gebbi alakja Hanunim vagy Hanonim volt, \u00e9s abb\u00f3l a n\u00e9pi szok\u00e1sb\u00f3l ered, hogy az eget szem\u00e9lyes hatalomk\u00e9nt sz\u00f3l\u00edtott\u00e1k meg.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker a &#8222;Korean Spirituality&#8221; (2008) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben kimutatta, hogy a sz\u00f3alak a n\u00e9pi gyakorlatban a 17-18. sz\u00e1zadt\u00f3l adatolhat\u00f3, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl azonban, hogy z\u00e1rt istentank\u00e9nt fogalmaz\u00f3dott volna meg.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>James Grayson a &#8222;Korea: A Religious History&#8221; (1989) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban r\u00e1mutatott, hogy a Hananim modern alakja csak a 19. sz\u00e1zadban nyert szil\u00e1rd helyet a korai koreai katolikus konvertit\u00e1k, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a 19. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9gi protest\u00e1ns misszion\u00e1riusok k\u00f6r\u00e9ben.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A sk\u00f3t misszion\u00e1riusok, John Ross \u00e9s John MacIntyre, akik 1882-ben Mukdenben elk\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k az els\u0151 koreai bibliaford\u00edt\u00e1st, a Hananim mellett d\u00f6nt\u00f6ttek a h\u00e9ber-g\u00f6r\u00f6g istenn\u00e9v ford\u00edt\u00e1sak\u00e9nt. Ez a v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s tart\u00f3san meghat\u00e1rozta Korea k\u00e9s\u0151bbi protest\u00e1ns hagyom\u00e1ny\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-982ee3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"982ee3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b40a6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b40a6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Hananim a n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1si hagyom\u00e1nyban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26981b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26981b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Miel\u0151tt a kereszt\u00e9ny misszion\u00e1riusok \u00e1tvett\u00e9k a fogalmat, a Hananim vagy Hanunim az \u00e9gi megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1s volt sz\u00e1mos koreai n\u00e9pi szertart\u00e1sban.<\/p><p>A parasztok vet\u00e9s el\u0151tt h\u00edvt\u00e1k seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00fcl, a s\u00e1m\u00e1nok sirat\u00f3im\u00e1ikban emlegett\u00e9k, a sz\u00fcl\u0151k pedig sz\u00fclet\u00e9skor \u00e9s hal\u00e1lkor sz\u00f3l\u00edtott\u00e1k meg. Ez a tisztelet nem szervezett, z\u00e1rt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1s vagy kult\u00fara isteneinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonban<\/span> jelent meg, hanem a buddhista, konfuci\u00e1nus \u00e9s s\u00e1m\u00e1nista vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g mellett egy tov\u00e1bbi r\u00e9tegk\u00e9nt volt jelen.<\/p>\n\n<p>Boudewijn Walraven a koreai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vall\u00e1si rendszer, amelyben szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e9rintkeznek a szellemvil\u00e1ggal.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmusr\u00f3l<\/span> sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1iban r\u00e1mutatott, hogy a s\u00e1m\u00e1nok (&#8222;mudang&#8221;) az \u00e9gi urat \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban t\u00e1voli, alig beavatkoz\u00f3 hatalomk\u00e9nt sz\u00f3l\u00edtott\u00e1k meg, mik\u00f6zben a t\u00e9nyleges gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1st helyi szellemeken \u00e9s hegyisteneken kereszt\u00fcl v\u00e9gezt\u00e9k.<\/p><p>A Hananim a vall\u00e1si hierarchia cs\u00facs\u00e1n \u00e1llt, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy a mindennapi \u00e9letben k\u00f6zvetlen ritu\u00e1lis szerepe lett volna. Ez a &#8222;Deus otiosus&#8221;-szerkezet Mircea Eliade szerint jellemz\u0151 az \u00e9szak-\u00e1zsiai \u00e9gkultuszokra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfceb0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bfceb0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f63af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f63af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e1tv\u00e9tel a 19. sz\u00e1zadban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c8d34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76c8d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hananim v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa a bibliai istenn\u00e9v ford\u00edt\u00e1sak\u00e9nt a protest\u00e1ns misszi\u00f3 tudatos d\u00f6nt\u00e9se volt. Az alternat\u00edv\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozott a Sanonim (hegy ura), a Shinjeo (isteni hatalom) \u00e9s a Sangje (legf\u0151bb uralkod\u00f3, egy konfuci\u00e1nus fogalom).<\/p><p>John Ross \u00e9s k\u00f6re a Sangje ellen d\u00f6nt\u00f6tt, mert az t\u00fals\u00e1gosan k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00f6tt a konfuci\u00e1nus udvari kultuszhoz, a Shinjeo ellen pedig az\u00e9rt, mert azt politeista vagy panteista \u00e9rtelemben lehetett felfogni. A Hananim el\u0151nye az volt, hogy a n\u00e9pi hitvil\u00e1gban m\u00e1r szem\u00e9lyes, egyedi hatalomk\u00e9nt volt ismert.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>A protest\u00e1ns misszion\u00e1riusok m\u00e1sodik hull\u00e1ma, f\u0151k\u00e9nt az USA-b\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151 metodist\u00e1k \u00e9s presbiteri\u00e1nusok, az 1880-as \u00e9s 1890-es \u00e9vekben \u00e1tvette ezt a v\u00e1laszt\u00e1st. Horace Underwood \u00e9s Henry Appenzeller, akik 1885-ben \u00e9rkeztek Sz\u00f6ulba, a Hananim fogalm\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k bibliaford\u00edt\u00e1sukban \u00e9s liturgikus gyakorlatukban.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ezzel a fogalom 1900-ra szil\u00e1rdan be\u00e9p\u00fclt a koreai Bibli\u00e1ba, olyan t\u00e9ny ez, amelynek m\u00e1s kelet-\u00e1zsiai hagyom\u00e1nyban (K\u00edn\u00e1ban, Jap\u00e1nban) nincs hasonl\u00f3 bels\u0151 el\u0151zm\u00e9nye.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0280a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d0280a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d7af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95d7af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Hananim \u00e9s a katolikus hagyom\u00e1ny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f96e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f96e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Korea r\u00e9gebbi katolikus hagyom\u00e1nya, amelyet a 18. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9n K\u00edn\u00e1b\u00f3l vettek \u00e1t, kezdetben a Matteo Ricci \u00e1ltal bevezetett k\u00ednai ihlet\u00e9s\u0171 Cheonju (&#8222;az \u00e9g ura&#8221;) fogalm\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lta.<\/p><p>Ez a fogalom a mai napig fennmaradt a koreai katolikus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Meghat\u00e1rozott vall\u00e1si cselekv\u00e9si rendhez tartoz\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgi\u00e1ban<\/span>. Ezzel a koreai kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9gen bel\u00fcl felekezeti megosztotts\u00e1g keletkezett az istenmegjel\u00f6l\u00e9s ter\u00e9n: a protest\u00e1nsok Hananimnak, a katolikusok Cheonjunak nevezik. Mindk\u00e9t fogalom szil\u00e1rdan be\u00e9p\u00fclt a mindennapi nyelvhaszn\u00e1latba.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ez az istenmegjel\u00f6l\u00e9s-beli megosztotts\u00e1g vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3, \u00e9s az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedekben \u00f6kumenikus vit\u00e1khoz vezetett. Don Baker r\u00e1mutatott, hogy a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 istenn\u00e9vv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s t\u00f6bb puszta ford\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00e9rd\u00e9sn\u00e9l; k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 teol\u00f3giai kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1sokat jel\u00f6l: a Cheonju a hierarchikus-konfuci\u00e1nus hagyom\u00e1nyhoz, a Hananim a n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1si \u00e9gkegyess\u00e9ghez k\u00f6t\u0151dik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-511364e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"511364e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8483d68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8483d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dajvall\u00e1si mozgalmak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2d9e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb2d9e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hananim a k\u00e9s\u0151 Joseon-kori \u00e9s a gyarmati korszakbeli koreai \u00fajvall\u00e1si mozgalmakban is k\u00f6zponti szerepet j\u00e1tszik.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A Choe Je-u \u00e1ltal 1860-ban alap\u00edtott Donghak-mozgalom a Hananimnak egy v\u00e1ltozat\u00e1t, a Hannolnimet szem\u00e9lyes \u00e9gk\u00e9nt tisztelte, aki minden emberben jelen van (a h\u00edres &#8222;innaecheon&#8221;, vagyis &#8222;az ember az \u00e9g&#8221; mond\u00e1sban). Ez a mozgalom 1894-ben a nagy Donghak-felkel\u00e9shez vezetett, \u00e9s k\u00e9s\u0151bb Cheondogyok\u00e9nt int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyes\u00fclt.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>A Daejonggyo is, amely 1909-ben rendszerezte a Dangun-Hwanin-hagyom\u00e1nyt, a Hananim fogalm\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lja a szenth\u00e1roms\u00e1g legf\u0151bb isten\u00e9nek megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re. A k\u00e9s\u0151bb keletkezett Sun Myung Moon-mozgalom (Egyes\u00edt\u0151 Egyh\u00e1z) a koreai kereszt\u00e9ny hagyom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l vette \u00e1t a fogalmat. Ez a sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g megmutatja, mennyire nyitott a Hananim mint vall\u00e1si nyelvi forma, \u00e9s hogyan tett\u00e9k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ir\u00e1nyzatok k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 teol\u00f3giai c\u00e9lok szolg\u00e1lat\u00e1ba.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8badfd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8badfd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165c229 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"165c229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim \u00e9s Cheonju \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616653e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"616653e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hananim \u00e9s a Cheonju k\u00f6z\u00f6tti v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s nem csup\u00e1n felekezeti, hanem nyelvt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szempontb\u00f3l is le\u00edrhat\u00f3. A Hananim tiszt\u00e1n koreai fogalom, a Cheonju sino-koreai k\u00e9pz\u00e9s. Ezek a nyelvi k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u0151dnek a h\u00edv\u0151k percepci\u00f3iban.<\/p><p>M\u00edg a Hananim ismer\u0151snek, n\u00e9piess\u00e9gnek \u00e9s szem\u00e9lyesnek hat, addig a Cheonju form\u00e1lisabbnak, m\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1gteljesebbnek \u00e9s irodalmi nyelvhez k\u00f6t\u00f6ttnek sz\u00e1m\u00edt. Ez\u00e9rt mindk\u00e9t fogalomnak m\u00e1s-m\u00e1s konnot\u00e1ci\u00f3ja van, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck teol\u00f3giailag egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 hierarchia \u00e1llna fenn.<\/p>\n\n<p>Antonetta Bruno a koreai vall\u00e1snyelv vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1iban azt javasolta, hogy a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gt\u00e9telt a koreai vall\u00e1soss\u00e1gon bel\u00fcl tudatosan meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt t\u00f6bbnyelv\u0171s\u00e9gk\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezz\u00fck. Megmutatja, hogyan tarthat fenn egy nyelv k\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 sz\u00f3t ugyanarra a teol\u00f3giai alapkateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ra an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy ez zavart okozna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f80e53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f80e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a56984 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a56984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mai haszn\u00e1lat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed8050a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed8050a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ma a Hananim a koreai protest\u00e1ns hagyom\u00e1nyban a kereszt\u00e9ny isten standard megjel\u00f6l\u00e9se. D\u00e9l-Kore\u00e1ban t\u00f6bb mint t\u00edzmilli\u00f3 protest\u00e1nssal \u00e9s a koreai egyh\u00e1zak er\u0151s k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9vel a fogalom rendk\u00edv\u00fcl sz\u00e9lesk\u00f6r\u0171en elterjedt.<\/p><p>Egyidej\u0171leg irodalmi \u00e9s nem vall\u00e1si \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sekben is \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos istenmegjel\u00f6l\u00e9sk\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul versekben, mindennapi felki\u00e1lt\u00e1sokban \u00e9s filoz\u00f3fiai nyelvben.<\/p>\n\n<p>A fogalom fennmarad\u00e1sa a modern koreai sz\u00f3kincsben figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja annak, hogyan v\u00e1lhat egy eredetileg n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1si megsz\u00f3l\u00edt\u00e1s misszi\u00f3s \u00e1tv\u00e9tel r\u00e9v\u00e9n teol\u00f3giai f\u0151kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p><p>James Grayson ezt a folyamatot &#8222;viszonylag egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3nak a vil\u00e1gm\u00e9ret\u0171 kereszt\u00e9ny misszi\u00f3 t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9ben&#8221; min\u0151s\u00edtette, mivel a legt\u00f6bb m\u00e1s nyelvben a bibliaford\u00edt\u00f3knak vagy \u00faj fogalmat kellett alkotniuk, vagy egy megl\u00e9v\u0151t alapvet\u0151en \u00fajradefini\u00e1lniuk. A koreai esetben a megl\u00e9v\u0151 fogalom nagyr\u00e9szt meg\u0151rizte jelent\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s a kereszt\u00e9ny haszn\u00e1lat csup\u00e1n teol\u00f3giailag \u00e9les\u00edtette azt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93d633f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93d633f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e4d127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e4d127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A kutat\u00e1s helyzete<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c170e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c170e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Hananim-kutat\u00e1st els\u0151sorban James Grayson, Don Baker, Boudewijn Walraven \u00e9s Antonetta Bruno k\u00e9pviseli. Az elm\u00falt h\u00e1rom \u00e9vtizedben felt\u00e1rt\u00e1k a fogalom t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti m\u00e9lys\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p><p>A n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1si, kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e9s \u00fajvall\u00e1si sz\u00f6vegekb\u0151l gy\u0171jt\u00f6tt \u00f6sszes relev\u00e1ns adatot feldolgoz\u00f3 szisztematikus sz\u00f3t\u00f6rt\u00e9net azonban m\u00e9g nem k\u00e9sz\u00fclt el. Maurizio Riotto t\u00f6bb, a koreai vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netr\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1ny\u00e1ban t\u00e1rgyalta az \u00e9szak-\u00e1zsiai Tengri-hagyom\u00e1nyhoz f\u0171z\u0151d\u0151 kapcsolatot, azzal az \u00f3vatos meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1ssal, hogy k\u00f6zvetlen \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s nem mutathat\u00f3 ki.<\/p>\n\n<p>A t\u00e1gabb tudom\u00e1nyos keretben a Hananim p\u00e9lda az &#8222;\u0151sisten-k\u00e9rd\u00e9s&#8221; k\u00f6r\u00fcli elm\u00e9leti vit\u00e1ra, amelyet Mircea Eliade \u00e9s Wilhelm Schmidt a 20. sz\u00e1zad els\u0151 fel\u00e9ben a figyelem k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ba \u00e1ll\u00edtott.<\/p><p>Az eredeti f\u0151isten t\u00e9tel\u00e9r\u0151l, akit ut\u00f3lag m\u00e1s istens\u00e9gek fednek el, a modern vall\u00e1studom\u00e1nyban kritik\u00e1k fogalmaz\u00f3dtak meg, de a koreai lelet \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9si keretk\u00e9nt relev\u00e1ns marad.<\/p><p>A Hananim megmutatja, hogyan lehet jelen egy n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1si f\u0151istenfogalom \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy z\u00e1rt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ba<\/span> \u00e1gyaz\u00f3dna, \u00e9s hogyan reaktiv\u00e1lhatj\u00e1k k\u00fcls\u0151 teol\u00f3giai programok.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e7f10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"75e7f10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac99849 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac99849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Donghak, Choe Je-u \u00e9s a Hannolnim-teol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-852ff55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"852ff55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>A 19. sz\u00e1zad legjelent\u0151sebb \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 koreai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja<\/span> a Hananimhoz kapcsol\u00f3dik. Choe Je-u (1824-1864), a Donghak-mozgalom (&#8222;Keleti Tan\u00edt\u00e1s&#8221;) alap\u00edt\u00f3ja arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1molt be, hogy 1860-ban misztikus tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sban volt r\u00e9sze, amelyben Hannolnim, az \u00e9gi \u00far k\u00f6z\u00f6lte vele a bels\u0151 \u00e9g tan\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Sz\u00f6vegei, amelyek a &#8222;Donggyeong daejeon&#8221; (1880) \u00e9s a &#8222;Yongdam yusa&#8221; (1881) gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyekben maradtak fenn, azt az alaptan\u00edt\u00e1st fogalmazz\u00e1k meg, hogy az ember \u00e9s az \u00e9g nem v\u00e1laszthat\u00f3 el egym\u00e1st\u00f3l. A k\u00f6zponti mondat &#8222;si cheonju&#8221; (&#8222;az \u00e9gi urat mag\u00e1ban hordozni&#8221;) ut\u00f3dj\u00e1n\u00e1l, Choe Si-hyeongn\u00e9l, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen Son Byong-hin\u00e9l a radik\u00e1lisabb &#8222;innaecheon&#8221; (&#8222;az ember az \u00e9g&#8221;) formul\u00e1v\u00e1 fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Ez a teol\u00f3giai \u00e1ll\u00e1spont t\u00e1rsadalomkritikai gyakorlattal p\u00e1rosult, amely 1864-ben Choe Je-u \u00e9let\u00e9be ker\u00fclt; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy vall\u00e1si k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g elfogadott tan\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l elt\u00e9r\u0151 hitfelfog\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">eretneks\u00e9g<\/span> \u00e9s l\u00e1zad\u00e1s v\u00e1dj\u00e1val v\u00e9gezt\u00e9k ki. A mozgalom 1894-ben a nagy Donghak-parasztfelkel\u00e9shez vezetett, amely eleinte region\u00e1lis sikereket \u00e9rt el, majd jap\u00e1n \u00e9s konfuci\u00e1nus-koreai csapatok vert\u00e9k le katonailag.<\/span><\/p><p>Don Baker \u00e9s Susan Shin a Donghak-mozgalomr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1ikban megmutatt\u00e1k, hogy a Donghak Hananim-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja<\/span> \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 koreai k\u00eds\u00e9rlet egy modern vall\u00e1s megfogalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy a nyugati kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9gnek vagy a konfuci\u00e1nus udvari kultusznak rendeln\u00e9 al\u00e1 mag\u00e1t.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Son Byong-hi 1905-ben Cheondogyok\u00e9nt (&#8222;az \u00e9gi \u00fat vall\u00e1sa&#8221;) int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyes\u00edtette a mozgalmat, amely a gyarmati korszakban fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszott a f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9gi mozgalomban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az 1919-es m\u00e1rciusi mozgalomban.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d393860 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d393860\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531e742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531e742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A koreai terminusk\u00e9rd\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-794cfb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"794cfb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A protest\u00e1ns misszion\u00e1riusok Hananim melletti d\u00f6nt\u00e9se &#8222;koreai terminusk\u00e9rd\u00e9sk\u00e9nt&#8221; egy t\u00e1gabb kelet-\u00e1zsiai vita r\u00e9sz\u00e9t alkotja. K\u00edn\u00e1ban a Shen, Shangdi \u00e9s Tianzhu k\u00f6z\u00f6tti p\u00e1rhuzamos k\u00e9rd\u00e9s \u00e9vsz\u00e1zados vit\u00e1khoz vezetett Matteo Ricci alkalmazkod\u00e1si k\u00eds\u00e9rletei \u00f3ta.<\/p><p>Jap\u00e1nban a misszion\u00e1riusok a 19. sz\u00e1zadban a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A jap\u00e1n sint\u00f3ban tisztelt szellemi l\u00e9nyek \u00e9s isteni hatalmak.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span> sz\u00f3t v\u00e1lasztott\u00e1k ford\u00edt\u00f3i sz\u00f3k\u00e9nt, jelent\u0151s jelent\u00e9svesztes\u00e9gekkel. A koreai esetben a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s viszonylag gyorsan \u00e9s megegyez\u00e9ssel rendez\u0151d\u00f6tt, amit Don Baker a n\u00e9pi vall\u00e1si Hananim \u00e9s a szem\u00e9lyes f\u0151isten fogalm\u00e1nak struktur\u00e1lis k\u00f6zels\u00e9g\u00e9re vezet vissza.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>John Ross 1877-ben adta ki a &#8222;Corean Primer&#8221; \u00e9s 1882-ben a g\u00f6r\u00f6g \u00dajsz\u00f6vets\u00e9gb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00edtett els\u0151 bibliaford\u00edt\u00e1sokat. Munkat\u00e1rsi k\u00f6re a korai koreai konvertit\u00e1kb\u00f3l, Seo Sang-ryunb\u00f3l \u00e9s Baek Hong-junb\u00f3l \u00e1llt.<\/span><\/p><p>Ross azzal indokolta a Hananim v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1t, hogy a koreai n\u00e9p &#8222;a legf\u0151bb istent m\u00e1r e n\u00e9v alatt ismeri&#8221;, amit a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi kutat\u00e1s helyt\u00e1ll\u00f3nak, de teol\u00f3giailag ki\u00e9lezettnek min\u0151s\u00edt.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>James Scarth Gale amerikai teol\u00f3gus a &#8222;Korean Sketches&#8221; (1898) \u00e9s &#8222;The Cloud Dream of the Nine&#8221; (1922) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171veiben az angolsz\u00e1sz vil\u00e1g fel\u00e9 k\u00f6zvet\u00edtette a Hananim-k\u00e9pet irodalmi form\u00e1ban.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0904447 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0904447\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea33b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ea33b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Hananim a modern teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban \u00e9s kult\u00far\u00e1ban<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2fc1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf2fc1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A 20. \u00e9s 21. sz\u00e1zadban a Hananim t\u00f6bb teol\u00f3giai kidolgoz\u00e1son ment \u00e1t. A koreai Minjung-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span>, az 1970-es \u00e9s 1980-as \u00e9vek Suh Nam-dong \u00e9s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Olyan szem\u00e9ly, akit sz\u00e1mos kult\u00far\u00e1ban oltalmaz\u00f3 er\u0151k\u00e9nt tisztelnek.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ahn<\/span> Byung-mu k\u00f6r\u00e9 szervez\u0151d\u0151 felszabad\u00edt\u00e1s-teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja, a Hananim fogalm\u00e1t az elnyomottak \u00e9s megal\u00e1zottak isten\u00e9vel azonos\u00edtotta, \u00e9s \u00f6sszekapcsolta a Han-\u00e9lm\u00e9nnyel, a koreai n\u00e9p gyarmatos\u00edt\u00e1s, h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s diktat\u00fara alatti kollekt\u00edv szenved\u00e9s\u00e9vel.<\/p><p>A Hananim \u00e9s a t\u00e1rsadalmi szenved\u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00f6tti teol\u00f3giai kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s m\u00e1ig meghat\u00e1rozza a koreai protest\u00e1ns identit\u00e1st.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Ezzel szemben \u00e1ll a koreai p\u00fcnk\u00f6sdi egyh\u00e1zak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Istenr\u0151l \u00e9s egy vall\u00e1s hit\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tudom\u00e1nyos tan\u00edt\u00e1s.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja<\/span>, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a Cho Yonggi (1936-2021) nev\u00e9vel f\u00e9mjelzett Yoido Full Gospel Church, amely Hananim fogalm\u00e1t anyagi \u00e9s szellemi javak adom\u00e1nyoz\u00f3 istenek\u00e9nt sz\u00f3l\u00edtotta meg.<\/span><\/p><p>Mindk\u00e9t \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s, a szoci\u00e1lis \u00e9s a j\u00f3l\u00e9t-teol\u00f3giai egyar\u00e1nt, m\u00e9lyen be\u00e1gyazta a Hananim koreai istennevet a modern vall\u00e1si tudatba. Sebastian Kim, James Grayson \u00e9s Robert Buswell a modern koreai vall\u00e1soss\u00e1gr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1ikban dokument\u00e1lt\u00e1k a Hananim-elsaj\u00e1t\u00edt\u00e1s sokr\u00e9t\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f594dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f594dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f84ec19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f84ec19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s irodalom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5fcbcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5fcbcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Els\u0151dleges forr\u00e1sok: Choe Je-u, &#8222;Donggyeong daejeon&#8221; (posztumusz 1880) \u00e9s &#8222;Yongdam yusa&#8221; (posztumusz 1881); John Ross, &#8222;History of Corea, Ancient and Modern&#8221; (Paisley 1879) \u00e9s &#8222;Corean Primer&#8221; (Shanghai 1877); James Scarth Gale, &#8222;Korean Sketches&#8221; (New York 1898); Horace G. Underwood, &#8222;The Religions of Eastern Asia&#8221; (New York 1910).<\/span><\/p><p>M\u00e1sodlagos irodalom:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>James H. Grayson, &#8222;Korea: A Religious History&#8221; (Oxford 1989, 2002) \u00e9s &#8222;Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea&#8221; (Leiden 1985).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker, &#8222;Korean Spirituality&#8221; (Honolulu 2008) \u00e9s &#8222;Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Choson Korea&#8221; (Honolulu 2017).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Boudewijn Walraven, &#8222;Songs of the Shaman&#8221; (London 1994).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Susan Shin, &#8222;Tonghak Thought: The Roots of Revolution&#8221;, in &#8222;Korea Journal&#8221; 19 (1979).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sebastian Kim, &#8222;In Search of Identity: Debates on Religious Conversion in India&#8221; koreai \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 fejezetekkel (Oxford 2003).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>George Paik, &#8222;The History of Protestant Missions in Korea 1832-1910&#8221; (Pyongyang 1929, ND Seoul 1980).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-nosnippet>A terminusk\u00e9rd\u00e9shez l\u00e1sd: Sung-Deuk Oak, &#8222;The Making of Korean Christianity&#8221; (Waco 2013).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hananim, a koreai s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmus legf\u0151bb istene A Hananim (koreaiul \ud558\ub098\ub2d8) a modern koreai sz\u00f3 az &#8222;\u00e9gi \u00far&#8221; vagy &#8222;legf\u0151bb isten&#8221; fogalm\u00e1ra. A mitol\u00f3giailag r\u00f6gz\u00edtett alap\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00edtosz alakjak\u00e9nt sz\u00e1mon tartott Hwanint\u00f3l elt\u00e9r\u0151en a Hananim vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9netileg viszonylag fiatal fogalom, amelyet a 19. sz\u00e1zadt\u00f3l f\u0151k\u00e9nt kereszt\u00e9ny, \u00fajvall\u00e1si \u00e9s n\u00e9pi spiritu\u00e1lis \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sekben haszn\u00e1lnak. Az, hogy a Hananim k\u00f6zponti istennevv\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3243,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hananim","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hananim - Korea legf\u0151bb istene | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"A Hananim a koreai s\u00e1m\u00e1nizmus legf\u0151bb \u00e9gi istene, a vil\u00e1gegyetem teremt\u0151je, akit a kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g istennevk\u00e9nt vett \u00e1t.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-52210","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hananim - Korea legf\u0151bb istene | 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