{"id":52099,"date":"2026-07-30T13:56:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T13:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gesar-kiraly\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T13:57:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T13:57:22","slug":"gessar-kiraly","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hu\/gessar-kiraly\/","title":{"rendered":"Gesar kir\u00e1ly"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"52099\" class=\"elementor elementor-52099 elementor-3051\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87d2ada e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87d2ada\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ac6fc8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ac6fc8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422fa97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"422fa97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d166bc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d166bc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gesar kir\u00e1ly, tibeti h\u0151sk\u00f6ltem\u00e9ny<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ce150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10ce150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gesar kir\u00e1ly a leghosszabb tibeti h\u0151sk\u00f6ltem\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban \u00e1ll, amelyet napjainkban is \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k adnak el\u0151 sz\u00f3ban. Lingi Gesar kir\u00e1ly (tibet\u00fcl Gling Ge-sar rgyal-po) a tibeti nemzeti eposz mitikus uralkod\u00f3ja, \u00e9s a bels\u0151-\u00e1zsiai elbesz\u00e9l\u0151i hagyom\u00e1ny legfontosabb h\u0151sfigur\u00e1j\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edt.<\/p><p>A Gesar-eposz teljes v\u00e1ltozataiban t\u00f6bb mint egymilli\u00f3 verssor\u00e1val val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a vil\u00e1g leghosszabb \u00e9l\u0151 eposza, amelyet az UNESCO 2009-ben felvett az immateri\u00e1lis kultur\u00e1lis \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g list\u00e1j\u00e1ra. Tibetben, Mong\u00f3li\u00e1ban, Burj\u00e1ti\u00e1ban, Ladakhban \u00e9s Bhut\u00e1nban napjainkig hivat\u00e1sos \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k adj\u00e1k el\u0151 sz\u00e1mos v\u00e1ltozatban.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b0985e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0b0985e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebc04dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ebc04dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Isten \/ Istenn\u0151: Egy kult\u00fara panteonj\u00e1nak megszem\u00e9lyes\u00edtett legf\u0151bb hatalma, j\u00f3l meghat\u00e1rozott hat\u00e1sk\u00f6r\u00f6kkel: term\u00e9szeti er\u0151k, sors, h\u00e1bor\u00fa, term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g. Kultuszok, \u00e1ldozatok \u00e9s templomi int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyek r\u00e9v\u00e9n tisztelik.\">Isten<\/span><a href=\"\/hu\/tibet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tibeti buddhista \u00e9s B\u00f6n-hagyom\u00e1ny - Yidam, Dharmapala, Naga-vil\u00e1g.\">Tibet<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b6fe9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7b6fe9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1c2f54 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"e1c2f54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ezen az oldalon nem tal\\u00e1lhat\\u00f3 c\\u00edmsor.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTartalomjegyz\u00e9k\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__e1c2f54\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__e1c2f54\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__e1c2f54\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77063d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77063d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da61ab iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5da61ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3271\" alt=\"Gesar - G\u00f6tter aus der Tibet-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ea962f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ea962f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fdeb0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fdeb0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd6b83c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd6b83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forr\u00e1shelyzet \u00e9s sz\u00f6vegt\u00f6rt\u00e9net<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6ed28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6ed28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Gesar-eposz legr\u00e9gebbi \u00edr\u00e1sos adatai a 14-16. sz\u00e1zadb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaznak, a sz\u00f3beli hagyom\u00e1ny azonban val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg j\u00f3val kor\u00e1bbra ny\u00falik vissza.<\/p><p>R. A. Stein a &#8222;Recherches sur l&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e et le barde au Tibet&#8221; (1959) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban felt\u00e1rta a sz\u00f6vegt\u00f6rt\u00e9net \u00f6sszetetts\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s bemutatta, hogy az eposz sz\u00e1mos region\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltozatban \u00e9l, amelyek egym\u00e1st\u00f3l helyenk\u00e9nt jelent\u0151sen elt\u00e9rnek. A tibeti kolostork\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rakban fennmaradt kanoniz\u00e1lt forma \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban 30 \u00e9s 120 k\u00f6tet k\u00f6z\u00f6tt terjed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Per S\u00f8rensen \u00e9s Andreas Gruschke a tibeti t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemr\u0151l \u00e9s f\u00f6ldrajzr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1ikban megvizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k az eposz kapcsolat\u00e1t a Kelet-Tibetben (Kham, Amdo), valamint a Szecsu\u00e1n, Csinghaj \u00e9s Gansz\u00fa hat\u00e1rvid\u00e9kein elhelyezked\u0151 konkr\u00e9t f\u00f6ldrajzi terekhez.<\/p><p>A Ling kir\u00e1lys\u00e1got, amelynek Gesar az uralkod\u00f3ja, a S\u00e1rga foly\u00f3 fels\u0151 foly\u00e1s\u00e1nak vid\u00e9k\u00e9vel hozz\u00e1k \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl azonban, hogy egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti azonos\u00edt\u00e1s volna lehets\u00e9ges. Klaus Sagaster a mong\u00f3liai Gesar-hagyom\u00e1nyr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1nyaiban az eposz mongol sztyepp\u00e9kre vezet\u0151 \u00e1tv\u00e9teli \u00fatj\u00e1t \u00e9s ottani \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1lta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-508239c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"508239c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f77a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60f77a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tartalmi fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30e3a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30e3a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az eposz azzal kezd\u0151dik, hogy az \u00e9giek \u00fagy hat\u00e1roznak: egy bodhiszattva-h\u0151st k\u00fcldenek a f\u00f6ldre, hogy megmentse a d\u00e9monokt\u00f3l fenyegetett Ling orsz\u00e1g\u00e1t. Gesar Brahma isten \u00e9s Gogmo nev\u0171 emberi n\u0151 fiak\u00e9nt sz\u00fcletik.<\/p><p>F\u00f6ldi neve Joru, gyermekkor\u00e1t megal\u00e1ztat\u00e1s \u00e9s f\u00e9lreismerts\u00e9g jellemzi. Csak egy l\u00f3versenyen, amelyet minden v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1s ellen\u00e9re megnyeri, ismerik el Ling kir\u00e1lyak\u00e9nt, \u00e9s veszi fel a Gesar kir\u00e1lyi nevet.<\/p>\n\n<p>Az eposz f\u0151 r\u00e9szei 18 \u00fagynevezett &#8222;h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00e1sb\u00f3l&#8221; (&#8222;dgra &#8216;dul&#8221;) \u00e1llnak, amelyekben Gesar d\u00e9monok, zsarnokok \u00e9s ellens\u00e9ges kir\u00e1lyok ellen vonul, \u00e9s ter\u00fcleteiket a buddhizmusnak veti al\u00e1.<\/p><p>A legh\u00edresebb epiz\u00f3dok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik Hor (\u00e9szak), Mon (d\u00e9l), Jang (kelet) megh\u00f3d\u00edt\u00e1sa, valamint a k\u00ednai hat\u00e1rvid\u00e9ken \u00e1ll\u00f3 vaser\u0151d v\u00e9gs\u0151 elfoglal\u00e1sa. Az eposz v\u00e9g\u00e9n Gesar visszat\u00e9r a mennybe, azzal az \u00edg\u00e9rettel, hogy az apokaliptikus id\u0151kben megv\u00e1lt\u00f3k\u00e9nt t\u00e9r vissza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b972b1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b972b1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf6e3e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf6e3e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9s mitikus r\u00e9tegek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f188d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f188d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Geoffrey Samuel a &#8222;Civilized Shamans&#8221; (1993) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban elemezte a Gesar-eposz vall\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9neti r\u00e9tegzetts\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s h\u00e1rom f\u0151 r\u00e9teget k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztetett meg. A buddhizmus el\u0151tti B\u00f6n-r\u00e9tegben Gesar s\u00e1m\u00e1ni von\u00e1sokkal rendelkez\u0151 isteni kir\u00e1lyk\u00e9nt jelenik meg. A buddhista r\u00e9tegben bodhiszattvak\u00e9nt \u00e9s a Dharma v\u00e9delmez\u0151jek\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k. Egy k\u00e9s\u0151i, r\u00e9szben a gelug-pa \u00e9s nyingma-pa iskol\u00e1khoz k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151 r\u00e9tegben Padmaszambhav\u00e1val \u00e9s tantrikus gyakorlatokkal kapcsolj\u00e1k \u00f6ssze.<\/p><p>Ez a r\u00e9tegzetts\u00e9g magyar\u00e1zza az \u00e1t\u00f6r\u00f6kl\u00f6tt v\u00e1ltozatokon bel\u00fcli fesz\u00fclts\u00e9geket.<\/p>\n\n<p>Gesar t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa a k\u00ednai Caesar n\u00e9vvel (perzsa \u00e9s ujgur k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u00e9ssel &#8222;Kesar&#8221;) Stein \u00e9s m\u00e1sok r\u00e9gebbi hipot\u00e9zise, amelyet hangtani egyez\u00e9sek t\u00e1masztanak al\u00e1, de egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti adatok nem igazolnak.<\/p><p>M\u00e1s kutat\u00f3k, k\u00f6zt\u00fck Lauran Hartley \u00e9s Pema Bhum, Gesar t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti magj\u00e1t ink\u00e1bb egy val\u00f3s\u00e1gos tibeti helyi kir\u00e1lyban v\u00e9lik felfedezni a 11. vagy 12. sz\u00e1zadb\u00f3l, akit legend\u00e1s alakk\u00e1 emeltek. V\u00e9gleges tiszt\u00e1z\u00e1sra m\u00e9g v\u00e1r a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6f9b6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6f9b6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8280c51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8280c51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El\u0151ad\u00e1si form\u00e1k<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2aef01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2aef01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az eposzt hivat\u00e1sos \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k adj\u00e1k el\u0151, akiket a tibeti hagyom\u00e1nyban &#8222;sgrung-mkhan&#8221;-nak vagy &#8222;gling-pa&#8221;-nak neveznek. Ezek az \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban azt \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k, hogy az eposzt nem tanult\u00e1k, hanem \u00e1lomban vagy l\u00e1tom\u00e1sban kapt\u00e1k.<\/p><p>Egyes \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k a &#8222;koponyahordoz\u00f3k&#8221; lesz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1si vonal\u00e1hoz tartoznak, akik az eposzt egy meghat\u00e1rozott beavat\u00e1si helyen szellemekt\u0151l kapt\u00e1k. Hu Jinpu, Yang Enhong \u00e9s Lauran Hartley kutat\u00e1sai r\u00e9szletesen dokument\u00e1lt\u00e1k ezt a kultur\u00e1lis gyakorlatot.<\/p>\n\n<p>Egy teljes v\u00e1ltozat el\u0151ad\u00e1sa t\u00f6bb h\u00e9tig is tarthat. Az egyes epiz\u00f3dokat 2-12 \u00f3ra alatt \u00e9neklik el.<\/p><p>Az \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k hagyom\u00e1nyos kalapokat, dobokat \u00e9s csontfuvol\u00e1kat haszn\u00e1lnak, \u00e9s az \u0151si k\u00f6z\u00e9p-\u00e1zsiai b\u00e1rdtrad\u00edci\u00f3k sor\u00e1ba illeszkednek, amelyeket a kutat\u00e1sban a kirgiziszt\u00e1ni &#8222;manascsikhoz&#8221; (Manasz-eposz) \u00e9s a mongoliai &#8222;j\u00f6r\u00f6\u00f6lcsikhez&#8221; hasonl\u00edtanak. Klaus Sagaster \u00e9s Walther Heissig rendszeresen felt\u00e1rta ezeknek a b\u00e1rdtrad\u00edci\u00f3knak a kapcsolatait.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59a4dd6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"59a4dd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d787b8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d787b8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vall\u00e1si jelent\u0151s\u00e9g<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9ca0a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9ca0a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A tibeti vall\u00e1soss\u00e1gban Gesar nem csup\u00e1n irodalmi h\u0151s, hanem szakr\u00e1lis alak, akit egyes lesz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1si vonalakban akt\u00edvan tisztelnek. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a nyingma-pa iskol\u00e1ban \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny kagy\u00fc-vonalban tekintik Gesart Padmaszambhava harcias megnyilv\u00e1nul\u00e1sak\u00e9nt \u00e9s a tan v\u00e9delmez\u0151jek\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>Tisztelet\u00e9re v\u00e9d\u0151gyakorlatokat (gsol-kha) \u00e9s ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kat (szang-f\u00fcst\u00f6l\u00e9s) v\u00e9geznek. Donald Lopez a &#8222;Prisoners of Shangri-La&#8221; (1998) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban v\u00e1zolta Gesar szerep\u00e9t a modern tibeti vall\u00e1soss\u00e1gban, \u00e9s megmutatta, hogyan haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k politikai mozgalmak nemzeti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jel, amely egy k\u00e9pzetet vagy jelent\u00e9st helyettes\u00edtve k\u00e9pvisel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szimb\u00f3lumk\u00e9nt<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Robert Thurman a tibeti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Egy kult\u00fara hagyom\u00e1nyos istent\u00f6rt\u00e9neteinek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1r\u00f3l<\/span> sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1iban r\u00e1mutatott a Gesar-alak t\u00f6bb\u00e9rtelm\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9re: \u00f6tv\u00f6zi a harcos h\u0151sszerepet, a szakr\u00e1lis v\u00e9delmet, a t\u00e1rsadalmi eml\u00e9kezetet \u00e9s a politikai identit\u00e1st. A kolostori ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban Gesart gyakran v\u00f6r\u00f6s arc\u00fa lovask\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k l\u00e1ndzs\u00e1val \u00e9s karddal, Kyang Bu nev\u0171 feh\u00e9r lova \u00e9s 30 h\u0151se k\u00eds\u00e9ret\u00e9ben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9cc33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df9cc33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06d0e8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06d0e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tibeten t\u00fali elterjed\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c839d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c839d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Gesar-eposz nem korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dik Tibetre, hanem eljutott a mongol sztyepp\u00e9vid\u00e9kre, a Bajk\u00e1l-t\u00f3 melletti burj\u00e1t r\u00e9gi\u00f3ba, a tuvai nyelvter\u00fcletre, valamint a k\u00ednai birodalom perem\u00e9n \u00e9l\u0151 monguor, szal\u00e1r \u00e9s jugur nyelvi k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gekhez.<\/p><p>Mong\u00f3li\u00e1ban az eposzt &#8222;Geser khaan&#8221;-nak nevezik, \u00e9s a 17-18. sz\u00e1zadban teljes mongol v\u00e1ltozatba ford\u00edtj\u00e1k. A burj\u00e1t v\u00e1ltozat s\u00e1m\u00e1ni von\u00e1sokat hordoz, \u00e9s l\u00e9nyegesen elt\u00e9r a buddhista jelleg\u0171 tibeti f\u0151v\u00e1ltozatt\u00f3l.<\/p>\n\n<p>Walther Heissig t\u00f6bb k\u00f6tetben dolgozta fel a mongol \u00e9s burj\u00e1t Gesar-hagyom\u00e1nyt, \u00e9s megmutatta, hogyan \u00f6lt\u00f6tt az anyag minden r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban saj\u00e1tos helyi sz\u00ednezetet. Ladakhban az eposzt tibet\u00fcl \u00e9s helyi dialektusokban adj\u00e1k el\u0151, \u00e9s ottani zar\u00e1ndokhelyekhez kapcsol\u00f3dik. A 2009-es UNESCO-felv\u00e9tel ezt a transznacion\u00e1lis jelleget ismeri el.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-073fee5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"073fee5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-568986a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"568986a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Modern recepci\u00f3 \u00e9s kutat\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-192990c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"192990c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A K\u00ednai N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1gban az 1950-es \u00e9vek \u00f3ta rendszeresen dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k a Gesar-eposzt, \u00e9s tucatnyi k\u00f6tetben adj\u00e1k ki. A gy\u0171jt\u0151k \u00e9s szerkeszt\u0151k munk\u00e1ja ugyanakkor moderniz\u00e1l\u00f3 tendenci\u00e1kat is teremtett, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy &#8222;standardiz\u00e1lt v\u00e1ltozat&#8221; r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9se r\u00e9v\u00e9n, amely nem felel meg a sz\u00f3beli hagyom\u00e1ny sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g\u00e9nek. Lauran Hartley \u00e9s Pema Bhum dokument\u00e1lta \u00e9s kritikusan \u00e9rt\u00e9kelte ezt a tendenci\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<p>Az eur\u00f3pai \u00e9s amerikai kutat\u00e1sban Gesar Stein \u00e9s Heissig \u00f3ta a tibetol\u00f3gia \u00e9s a mongolisztika kulcster\u00fclete. Az \u00e9nekmond\u00f3kr\u00f3l, az irodalmi szerkezetekr\u0151l, az \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 eposzirodalomr\u00f3l \u00e9s a jelenkori funkci\u00f3r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 aktu\u00e1lis munk\u00e1k t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt Solomon Mowtschanetz, Yang Enhong \u00e9s Robin Kornman toll\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00fclettek.<\/p><p>Az eposz nagy r\u00e9szeinek angol ford\u00edt\u00e1sa, amelyet Robin Kornman \u00e9s csapata &#8222;The Epic of Gesar of Ling&#8221; (2012) c\u00edmen adott ki, jelent\u0151sen b\u0151v\u00edtette a nemzetk\u00f6zi recepci\u00f3j\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e24dbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e24dbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e78f666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e78f666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Politikai instrumentaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c80fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c80fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Gesar-eposz az elm\u00falt \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokban k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 politikai funkci\u00f3kat t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt be. A k\u00e9s\u0151 Csing-korban a tibeti \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1g <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jel, amely egy k\u00e9pzetet vagy jelent\u00e9st helyettes\u00edtve k\u00e9pvisel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szimb\u00f3lumak\u00e9nt<\/span> tartott\u00e1k sz\u00e1mon, a k\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g kor\u00e1ban a mongol-tibeti testv\u00e9ris\u00e9g kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt.<\/p><p>A K\u00ednai N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1gban Gesart hivatalosan a &#8222;k\u00ednai soknemzetis\u00e9g\u0171 csal\u00e1d h\u0151sek\u00e9nt&#8221; mutatj\u00e1k be, amit tibeti \u00e9rtelmis\u00e9giek, k\u00f6zt\u00fck Tsering Shakya, kisaj\u00e1t\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00eds\u00e9rletk\u00e9nt b\u00edr\u00e1ltak. Indi\u00e1ban \u00e9s a tibeti emigr\u00e1ci\u00f3ban Gesar a kultur\u00e1lis megsemmis\u00edt\u00e9s elleni ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s nemzeti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jel, amely egy k\u00e9pzetet vagy jelent\u00e9st helyettes\u00edtve k\u00e9pvisel.\" tabindex=\"0\">szimb\u00f3lumak\u00e9nt<\/span> szolg\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n<p>A tibeti vall\u00e1sokon bel\u00fcl is politikailag relev\u00e1ns az eposz. A nyingma-pa \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny kagy\u00fc-vonal Gesart a tibeti n\u00e9p v\u00e9d\u0151urak\u00e9nt hangs\u00falyozza, m\u00edg a gelug-pa hagyom\u00e1ny, amelyhez a Dalai L\u00e1ma is tartozik, ink\u00e1bb t\u00e1vols\u00e1gtart\u00f3an kezeli az eposzt, mivel sok buddhizmus el\u0151tti elemet \u0151riz.<\/p><p>Geoffrey Samuel ezeket a fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gvonalakat a tibeti vall\u00e1s bels\u0151 pluralit\u00e1s\u00e1nak tipikus kifejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt elemezte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4695fd2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4695fd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b02e27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b02e27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9nekmond\u00f3i hagyom\u00e1ny \u00e9s sz\u00f3beli kompoz\u00edci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce5353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ce5353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Gesar-eposz el\u0151ad\u00f3it a tibeti sz\u00f3haszn\u00e1latban t\u00f6bb kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ra osztj\u00e1k: &#8222;babs sgrung&#8221; (l\u00e1tom\u00e1sb\u00f3l vagy transzb\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151 \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k), &#8222;thos sgrung&#8221; (hall\u00e1s \u00fatj\u00e1n tanul\u00f3 \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k), &#8222;dgongs sgrung&#8221; (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testi forma n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ny, amelynek a vil\u00e1gban val\u00f3 hat\u00e1st tulajdon\u00edtanak.\" tabindex=\"0\">szellem<\/span>-\u00e1tvitel r\u00e9v\u00e9n tanul\u00f3k) \u00e9s &#8222;brda sgrung&#8221; (\u00edrott seg\u00e9deszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel dolgoz\u00f3 jelmond\u00f3k).<\/p><p>Ez a besorol\u00e1s m\u00e1r Rolf Alfred Stein korai besz\u00e1mol\u00f3iban megjelenik: &#8222;L&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e tib\u00e9taine de Gesar dans sa version lama\u00efque de Ling&#8221; (P\u00e1rizs, 1956), valamint &#8222;Recherches sur l&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e et le barde au Tibet&#8221; (P\u00e1rizs, 1959).<\/p><p>Stein ott dokument\u00e1lja az egyes \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k \u00e9letrajz\u00e1t, akik \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban fiatal korukban s\u00falyos betegs\u00e9gen vagy transzepiz\u00f3don mentek \u00e1t, amely ut\u00e1n az eposz epiz\u00f3djai &#8222;felt\u00f6rtek&#8221; benn\u00fck.<\/p><p>Ezt a megfigyel\u00e9st Yang Enhong (&#8222;A Comparative Study of the Singing Styles of Mongolian and Tibetan Geser\/Gesar Artists&#8221;, 2002) \u00e9s Lauran Hartley meger\u0151s\u00edtette Csinghaj \u00e9s Szecsu\u00e1n tartom\u00e1ny jelenkori \u00e9nekmond\u00f3i eset\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p>Geoffrey Samuel a &#8222;Civilized Shamans. Buddhism in Tibetan Societies&#8221; (Washington, 1993) \u00e9s a &#8222;Tantric Revisionings&#8221; (Aldershot, 2005) c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6teteiben kimutatta, hogy az \u00e9nekmond\u00f3t\u00edpusok tipol\u00f3giailag a s\u00e1m\u00e1ni avat\u00e1si mint\u00e1khoz kapcsol\u00f3dnak, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy k\u00f6zvetlen lesz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1si kapcsolatban \u00e1lln\u00e1nak a B\u00f6n-szak\u00e9rt\u0151i hagyom\u00e1nnyal.<\/p><p>Stein feljegyz\u00e9sei szerint egy teljes epiz\u00f3d el\u0151ad\u00e1sa \u00e1tlagosan hat \u00e9s tizenk\u00e9t \u00f3ra k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tart; a ma fennmaradt 120 epiz\u00f3db\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 teljes eposz Donald Lopez \u00e9s Yang Enhong becsl\u00e9sei szerint mintegy egymilli\u00f3 verset tesz ki, ami a vil\u00e1g egyik leghosszabb or\u00e1lis eposza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56fff50 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56fff50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7005d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7005d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mongol, burj\u00e1t \u00e9s ladakhi recepci\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-302d3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"302d3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Az eposz mongol v\u00e1ltozat\u00e1t, a &#8222;Geser Khan&#8221;-t Mong\u00f3lia \u00e9s Burj\u00e1tia a tibeti hagyom\u00e1nnyal p\u00e1rhuzamosan \u00f6r\u00f6k\u00edtette tov\u00e1bb, \u00e9s t\u00f6bb k\u00e9ziratos v\u00e1ltozatban maradt fenn. A legfontosabb a Kangxi-cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r alatt 1716-ban kiadott &#8222;pekingi fametszetes kiad\u00e1s&#8221;, amely a mongol udvari kult\u00far\u00e1t v\u00e9delmi kapcsolatba helyezi a Geser-komplexummal. Walther Heissig a &#8222;Geser-Studien. Untersuchungen zu den Erz\u00e4hlstoffen in den neuen Kapiteln des mongolischen Geser-Zyklus&#8221; (Wiesbaden, 1983) \u00e9s az &#8222;Asiatische Forschungen&#8221; sorozat t\u00f6bb k\u00f6tet\u00e9ben kimutatta, hogy a mongol v\u00e1ltozatok egyes tibeti epiz\u00f3dokat elhagynak, \u00e9s helyett\u00fck helyi mongol h\u0151st\u00e9m\u00e1kat (Geser kardja, harc a tizenk\u00e9tfej\u0171 Mangus ellen) illesztenek be.<\/p><p>A burj\u00e1t \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k (&#8222;\u00fclgershin&#8221;) ebb\u0151l saj\u00e1t epikus hagyom\u00e1nyt fejlesztettek ki, amelyben Geser az \u00e9szaki sztyeppei panteon \u00e9gb\u0151l sz\u00fcletett fiak\u00e9nt jelenik meg.<\/p>\n<p>Ladakhban egy saj\u00e1tos elbesz\u00e9l\u00e9si forma adatolhat\u00f3, amelyet August Hermann Francke &#8222;Kesar Saga&#8221; c\u00edmen az &#8222;Asiatic Society of Bengal&#8221; t\u00f6bb k\u00f6tet\u00e9ben (1905-1909) adott ki. Francke kor\u00e1bban Khalatsz\u00e9ban \u00e9s Lehben t\u00edz \u00e9ven \u00e1t gy\u0171jt\u00f6tt sz\u00f3beli v\u00e1ltozatokat, \u00e9s tibeti \u00e1t\u00edr\u00e1ssal, angol ford\u00edt\u00e1ssal egy\u00fctt tette k\u00f6zz\u00e9.<\/p><p>Ez a kiad\u00e1s forr\u00e1skritikai szempontb\u00f3l \u00e9rt\u00e9kes, mert a hagyom\u00e1ny egy nyugati peremr\u00e9gi\u00f3j\u00e1t dokument\u00e1lja, ahol Geser m\u00e9g nincs teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben beillesztve a buddhista doktrin\u00e1lis keretbe, hanem egy buddhizmus el\u0151tti nap- \u00e9s kir\u00e1lyhos von\u00e1sait \u0151rzi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd96ac9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd96ac9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be9da4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be9da4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Szimbolika \u00e9s ikonogr\u00e1fiai \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6868e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6868e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A k\u00e9pi hagyom\u00e1nyban Gesart harcos lovask\u00e9nt \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k, gyakran vasp\u00e1nc\u00e9lban, l\u00e1ndzs\u00e1val, \u00edjjal, tollas sisakban \u00e9s gyorsl\u00e1b\u00fa lovon.<\/p><p>Mennyei eredet\u0171 feh\u00e9r lova, Kyang Bu, az <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A k\u00e9pi tartalmak \u00e9s azok jelent\u00e9s\u00e9nek tudom\u00e1nya.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonogr\u00e1fia<\/span> szerves r\u00e9sze. A thangk\u00e1kon Gesar olykor egy mandala k\u00f6zep\u00e9n jelenik meg, 30 h\u0151se \u00e9s az \u00e9gt\u00e1jak n\u00e9gy kir\u00e1ly\u00e1t\u00f3l k\u00f6r\u00fclv\u00e9ve. Ezek az \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sok a 17. sz\u00e1zad \u00f3ta nagyobb sz\u00e1mban adatolhat\u00f3k.<\/p>\n\n<p>A n\u00e9gy \u00e9gt\u00e1j kir\u00e1lyaival val\u00f3 kapcsolat kozmol\u00f3giai dimenzi\u00f3t k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6z a Gesar-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A k\u00e9pi tartalmak \u00e9s azok jelent\u00e9s\u00e9nek tudom\u00e1nya.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1nak<\/span>, amely ez\u00e1ltal meghaladja a puszt\u00e1n h\u0151si funkci\u00f3t. Andreas Gruschke az Amdo m\u0171v\u00e9szet\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 munk\u00e1iban megmutatta, hogy a Gesarhoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 thangk\u00e1k \u00e9s falfestm\u00e9nyek r\u00e9gi\u00f3nk\u00e9nt nagyon elt\u00e9r\u0151 m\u00f3don k\u00e9sz\u00fcltek, \u00e9s hogy a kelet-tibeti kolostorok k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen gazdag k\u00e9pi hagyom\u00e1nyt fejlesztettek ki.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gesar kir\u00e1ly, tibeti h\u0151sk\u00f6ltem\u00e9ny Gesar kir\u00e1ly a leghosszabb tibeti h\u0151sk\u00f6ltem\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban \u00e1ll, amelyet napjainkban is \u00e9nekmond\u00f3k adnak el\u0151 sz\u00f3ban. Lingi Gesar kir\u00e1ly (tibet\u00fcl Gling Ge-sar rgyal-po) a tibeti nemzeti eposz mitikus uralkod\u00f3ja, \u00e9s a bels\u0151-\u00e1zsiai elbesz\u00e9l\u0151i hagyom\u00e1ny legfontosabb h\u0151sfigur\u00e1j\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edt. A Gesar-eposz teljes v\u00e1ltozataiban t\u00f6bb mint egymilli\u00f3 verssor\u00e1val val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a vil\u00e1g leghosszabb \u00e9l\u0151 eposza, amelyet [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3271,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gesar kir\u00e1ly","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gesar kir\u00e1ly - Tibeti h\u0151sk\u00f6ltem\u00e9ny | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Lingi Gesar kir\u00e1ly a vil\u00e1g leghosszabb eposz\u00e1nak h\u0151se - Tibet, Mong\u00f3lia, Bhut\u00e1n. Padmaszambhava inkarn\u00e1ci\u00f3ja, a harcosok v\u00e9d\u0151szentje.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-52099","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gesar kir\u00e1ly - Tibeti h\u0151sk\u00f6ltem\u00e9ny | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lingi Gesar kir\u00e1ly a vil\u00e1g leghosszabb eposz\u00e1nak h\u0151se - Tibet, Mong\u00f3lia, Bhut\u00e1n. 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