{"id":149811,"date":"2026-09-04T05:13:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:13:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=149811"},"modified":"2026-09-04T05:32:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:32:47","slug":"janus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/janus\/","title":{"rendered":"Janus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"149811\" class=\"elementor elementor-149811 elementor-3016 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05047e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"05047e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3193240 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3193240\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33b5239 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33b5239\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06668d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06668d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Janus, rimski bog po\u010deci<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e2af55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e2af55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Janus je rimski bog po\u010deci, vrata i prijelaza, kojemu su bili <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predan svetom kroz religijski \u010din te time izdvojen iz svakodnevnog.\" tabindex=\"0\">posve\u0107eni<\/span> po\u010detak godine i svaki novi po\u010detak. Janus je dvoli\u010dni rimski bog po\u010detka, kraja, vrata i prijelaza.<\/p><p>U italskoj religiji zauzima posebno mjesto jer nema izravnog gr\u010dkog ni etru\u0161\u010danskog ekvivalenta i smatra se izvorno rimskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u nekoj religiji \u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvom<\/span>.<\/p><p>Njegovo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveto mjesto posve\u0107eno \u0161tovanju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161te<\/span> na Forumu, Ianus geminus, simboli\u010dki je regulirao rat i mir cijeloga grada. Prilikom svake <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jezi\u010dno obra\u0107anje \u010dovjeka bo\u017eanstvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">molitve<\/span> njegovo se ime izgovaralo prvo, \u0161to mu je davalo privilegiran polo\u017eaj u religijskom poretku molitve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87192d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87192d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d43a66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0d43a66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bog \/ boginja: Personificirana najvi\u0161a sila u panteonu neke kulture, s jasnim nadle\u017enostima \u2014 prirodne sile, sudbina, rat, plodnost. \u0160tovan\/a kroz kultove, \u017ertve i hramske institucije.\">Bog<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/rim\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Rimska religija od kraljevstva do kasne antike \u2014 sinkretisti\u010dka, s gr\u010dkim i etru\u0161\u010danskim slojevima.\">Rim<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8223baf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8223baf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7012a23 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"7012a23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na ovoj stranici nisu prona\\u0111eni naslovi.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSadr\u017eaj\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7012a23\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7012a23\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__7012a23\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0108958 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0108958\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3fc010 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b3fc010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_rom_janus-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151434\" alt=\"Janus - bogovi iz rimske tradicije, povijesno-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_rom_janus-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_rom_janus-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_rom_janus-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_rom_janus.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbe12bf e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cbe12bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ab632 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1ab632\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5dd818 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d5dd818\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mit i podrijetlo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78b80c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78b80c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ime Janus jezikoslovno se povezuje s latinskom rije\u010di ianua, odnosno \u201evrata\u201d ili \u201eprolaz\u201d. Oba pojma imaju indoeuropski korijen sa zna\u010denjem \u201ei\u0107i\u201d, koji se ponavlja i u sanskrtskim i avestanskim pojmovima. Janus je stoga etimolo\u0161ki bog prola\u017eenja kroz ne\u0161to.<\/p>\n<p>Macrobije u \u201eSaturnalijama\u201d pi\u0161e o Janusu kao izvorno italskoj vladarskoj figuri. Prema toj predaji do\u0161ao je s istoka u zapadni Lacij, primio je Saturna, koji je morao bje\u017eati od Jupitera, i s njim zajedno utemeljio staro zlatno doba Italije.<\/p><p>Ovidije u \u201eFastima\u201d preuzima istu pri\u010du i svoje djelo zapo\u010dinje Janusom, koji otvara cijelu godinu. U dijalogu s pjesnikom bog u \u201eFastima\u201d s\u00e2m obja\u0161njava svoje funkcije.<\/p>\n<p>Dvolikost, nazvana Bifrons, nagovje\u0161\u0107uje staru predod\u017ebu boga koji istovremeno gleda u dva smjera. Mitolo\u0161ki se to naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e tuma\u010di kao pogled u pro\u0161lost i budu\u0107nost, a ponegdje kao pogled prema unutra i izvana, ili prema istoku i zapadu.<\/p><p>Za razliku od gr\u010dkog Hermesa, koji samo posreduje kretanja, Janus sjedi na samom pragu i utjelovljuje ga. Ta teolo\u0161ka koncepcija jedinstvena je u anti\u010dkom svijetu i \u010dini ga omiljenim predmetom moderne filozofije religije.<\/p>\n<p>Janus vjerojatno nije imao indoeuropskog prethodnika, nego je proiza\u0161ao iz izvorno italskog slojevanja u kojem su vrata kao prag ku\u0107e imala posebno kultno dostojanstvo.<\/p><p>U svakoj rimskoj ku\u0107i ianua je bila povezana s vlastitim obredima, a bog pragova zazivan je kao osobna za\u0161tita od \u0161tetnih utjecaja. Veza izme\u0111u ku\u0107nog i dr\u017eavnog praga klju\u010dna je za razumijevanje ovog <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u nekoj religiji \u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstva<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b2b443 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b2b443\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95e359b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95e359b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simboli i atributi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2570a8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2570a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sredi\u0161nji <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji zastupa neku predod\u017ebu ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> Janusa je njegovo dvostruko lice. Na kovanicama i reljefima naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se prikazuje kao bradati starac s dva lica okrenuta u suprotne strane. Godi\u0161nji asovi Rimske Republike prikazuju ga na taj na\u010din, a taj motiv ostao je standardan u dr\u017eavnom prikazivanju sve do carskog doba.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160tap i klju\u010d njegovi su najva\u017eniji atributi. \u0160tap ga ozna\u010dava kao \u010duvara putova, klju\u010d kao \u010duvara vrata.<\/p><p>Oba zajedno obilje\u017eavaju specifi\u010dnu funkciju bo\u017eanstva praga koje odlu\u010duje o otvaranju i zatvaranju. U nekim prikazima nosi dvanaest klju\u010deva, jedan za svaki mjesec godine, koju otvara kao bog prvog mjeseca.<\/p>\n<p>Ianus geminus na Forumu, dvostruka lukobrana gra\u0111evina izme\u0111u Foruma Romanuma i Argiletuma, bio je njegovo najva\u017enije <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveto mjesto posve\u0107eno \u0161tovanju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161te<\/span>. Njegova dvoja vrata ostajala su zatvorena u vrijeme mira, a otvorena u vrijeme rata.<\/p><p>Livije bilje\u017ei da su ta vrata prije Augusta u povijesti bila zatvorena samo tri puta, \u0161to nagla\u0161ava rijetkost potpunoga rimskog mira. Sam August u \u201eRes gestae\u201d hvali se da je vrata za vrijeme svoje vladavine zatvorio tri puta.<\/p>\n<p>Jo\u0161 jedna gra\u0111evina povezana s Janusom je Janus Quadrifrons na Forumu Boariju, \u010detverolika vratna gra\u0111evina koja je ozna\u010davala prag prema sve \u010detiri strane svijeta. Ta gra\u0111evina iz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prijelazno razdoblje izme\u0111u antike i srednjeg vijeka, otprilike od 3. do 7. stolje\u0107a.\" tabindex=\"0\">kasne antike<\/span> i danas stoji uglavnom sa\u010duvana na Boariju te se smatra posljednjim velikim svjedo\u010danstvom Janusovog kulta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3140e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d3140e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3616fb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3616fb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult i \u0161tovanje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57a8162 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57a8162\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Janus je stajao na po\u010detku svake rimske molitve i svakog religijskog rituala. Prije svake <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu radi izra\u017eavanja zahvale, molbe ili po\u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertve<\/span> njemu se prvo upu\u0107ivala <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Molbeno ili zazivno obra\u0107anje bo\u017eanstvu ili sili.\" tabindex=\"0\">zaziv<\/span>, jer je on otvarao pristup ostalim bogovima. Ova funkcija prvenstva jednoobrazno se pojavljuje u natpisima, molitvenim formulama i knji\u017eevnim izvorima. Ciceron i Makrobije o njoj podrobno raspravljaju.<\/p>\n<p>Njegov glavni blagdan padao je na 1. sije\u010dnja, Novu godinu. Ve\u0107 u julijanskom kalendaru mjesec Ianuarius bio je pod njegovim pokroviteljstvom. Na Novu godinu Rimljani su razmjenjivali male darove nazvane strenae, koji su sadr\u017eavali slatki\u0161e, datume ili kovanice.<\/p><p>Taj je \u010din imao sudbinski karakter, jer se smatralo da ono \u0161to se \u010dini na Novu godinu obilje\u017eava cijelu godinu. Ta se praksa nastavlja u francuskom \u00e9trennes i talijanskom strenne kao novogodi\u0161nji dar sve do danas.<\/p>\n<p>Va\u017ene vojne operacije po\u010dinjale su kod Ianus geminus. Vrata je otvarao konzul ili princeps, vojska bi simboli\u010dno pro\u0161la kroz njih, i rat je time bio progla\u0161en otvorenim. Nakon povratka i sklapanja mira vrata su se zatvarala u obrnutoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sve\u010dan \u010din koji se odvija prema utvr\u0111enim pravilima.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremoniji<\/span>.<\/p><p>Augustus je u svojim \u00abRes Gestae\u00bb istaknuo da je za vrijeme svoje vladavine vrata zatvorio tri puta, \u0161to se prije njega u cijeloj rimskoj povijesti dogodilo samo dva puta.<\/p>\n<p>Osim toga, u Rimu su postojala i manja Janusova sveti\u0161ta. Provincijska sveti\u0161ta rje\u0111e su zabilje\u017eena, \u0161to nagla\u0161ava specifi\u010dno rimsko-gradsku ukorijenjenost Janusova kulta. U Laciju i Etruriji je ipak poznato nekoliko seoskih Janusovih \u017ertvenika, koji su naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e bili postavljeni na ulazu u sela ili na raskri\u017ejima puteva.<\/p>\n<p>Posebnu je ulogu Janus imao i u Salijskoj pjesmarici, staroj zbirci molitava salijskih sve\u0107enika. Tamo je bio zazivan kao kralj bogova prije Jupitera, \u0161to pokazuje arhai\u010dnu slojevitost rimske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanstvena nauka o Bogu i o vjeri neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologije<\/span>, u kojoj je Janus imao natpovijesni prvenstveni polo\u017eaj.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99562d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99562d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a058ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a058ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Va\u017eni mitovi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d91477 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d91477\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najva\u017enija mitska pri\u010da opisuje spa\u0161avanje Rima od Sabinjana. Prema Liviju i Ovidiju, Sabinjani su napali Rim, prodrli preko Kapitolskog brda i pribli\u017eili se Forumu.<\/p><p>Janus je u presudnom trenutku u\u010dinio da iz zemlje provri vru\u0107i izvor, koji je napadaju\u0107e Sabinjane odbacio i gradu dao vrijeme da se pribere. Iz zahvalnosti Rimljani su na mjestu izvora posvetili <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveto mjesto posve\u0107eno \u0161tovanju bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161te<\/span> i odlu\u010dili da vrata u vrijeme rata ostanu otvorena, da bi bog mogao djelovati kad je to potrebno.<\/p>\n<p>Druga pri\u010da povezuje Janusa sa Saturnom. Prema Makrobiju i Vergiliju, Saturn je pobjegao s Olimpa nakon pobjede svog sina Jupitera i do\u0161ao u Lacij, gdje ga je Janus primio.<\/p><p>Obojica su zajedno vladali i donijeli doba mira i izobilja, koje je u kulturnom sje\u0107anju Italije ostalo zapam\u0107eno kao Zlatno doba. Kasnije je Janus, ka\u017eu, ostao sam i dalje razvijao zakone i poljodjelstvo. Ta pri\u010da daje mu ulogu kulturnog donositelja na pragu izme\u0111u mitskog i povijesnog vremena.<\/p>\n<p>Tre\u0107a pri\u010da odnosi se na nimfu Carnu ili Cardeju, koju je Janus volio i kojoj je dao vlast nad vratnim \u0161arkama. U Ovidijevim \u00abFastima\u00bb pripovijeda se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, podrijetlima i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> u kojem je Cardea uspostavljena kao bo\u017eica pragova i obitelji.<\/p><p>Ona \u0161titi djecu u ku\u0107i, pa se na njezin blagdan, 1. lipnja, jelo svje\u017ee gra\u0161ak i slaninu kako bi se otjeralo zlo. Pri\u010da povezuje Janusa sa svakodnevnim \u017eivotom obitelji i pokazuje njegovo djelovanje izvan gradsko-dr\u017eavne sfere.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cetvrta mitska pri\u010da govori o Janusu i Ijuturni. Ka\u017ee se da je Janus nimfi Ijuturni uzeo smrtnost i uzdigao je do bo\u017eice izvora. Ta epizoda, koju spominje Vergilije u \u00abEneidi\u00bb, povezuje Janusa s ruralnim kultom izvora i nagla\u0161ava njegovu funkciju boga pragova, \u010dak i izme\u0111u ljudske i bo\u017eanske sfere.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49b6e05 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49b6e05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d81d50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d81d50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odnosi u panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9558c6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9558c6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Janus se nalazi na \u010delu skoro svih rimskih popisa zaziva. U natpisima Arvalske bra\u0107e, stare sve\u0107eni\u010dke zajednice, Janus se uvijek spominje prije Jupitera, \u0161to jasno pokazuje njegovu obrednu ulogu otvaranja. Ipak, u hijerarhijskom smislu najvi\u0161e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u okviru neke religije \u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span> je Jupiter, zbog \u010dega se Janus \u010desto naziva \u00abonim koji otvara put Jupiteru\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Sa Saturnom ga povezuje mitsko Zlatno doba, s Vestom skrb za prag i dom, s Marsom i Merkurom za\u0161tita onih koji kre\u0107u na put, a s Kvirinom njegova funkcija za rimski narod. U starijim molitvenim tekstovima javlja se niz Ianus, Jupiter, Mars, Kvirin kao osnovni rimski slijed bo\u017eanstava.<\/p>\n<p>U helenisti\u010dkom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spajanje predod\u017ebi ili bo\u017eanstava iz razli\u010ditih religijskih tradicija.\" tabindex=\"0\">sinkretizmu<\/span> Janus je ostao netaknut, jer nema izravnog gr\u010dkog ekvivalenta. To ga je za rimske teologe, poput Varona i Cicerona, u\u010dinilo posebnim primjerom samostalnosti rimske religije u odnosu na gr\u010dku <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost predaje o bogovima neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiju<\/span>. U etru\u0161\u010danskom likovnom svijetu postoji paralela u obliku \u010detverolikog Culsansa, no genetska povezanost ostaje predmet rasprave.<\/p>\n<p>Janus se javlja u staroj trijadi zajedno s Jupiterom i Saturnom, koju istra\u017eivanja tuma\u010de kao prekapitolinski sloj.<\/p><p>Ta trijada, koju spominje ve\u0107 Makrobije u \u00abSaturnalijama\u00bb (I, 9), mla\u0111a je od kapitolinske trijade Jupitera, Junone i Minerve, ali starija od dr\u017eavno-teolo\u0161ke, reprezentativne faze. Dum\u00e9zil u vezi Janusa, Jupitera i Saturna vidi arhai\u010dni sklop funkcija otvaranja, vladavine i sjetve.<\/p>\n<p>S Karnom, starom bo\u017eicom vratnih \u0161arki, Janus je u Ovidijevim \u00abFastima\u00bb VI bio povezan kao brat i sestra ili kao suprug i supruga. Karna je bila zadu\u017eena za zdrav rast djece i za \u010dvrsto\u0107u vratnih \u0161arki i dijelova brave.<\/p><p>Ta povezanost obilje\u017eava unutarnju stranu svijeta praga, \u010diju je vanjsku stranu predstavljao sam Janus. Ta dvostruka podjela zadataka pokazuje dosljednost s kojom je rimska religija personificirala sve aspekte prijelaza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3dd144 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3dd144\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f51d5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f51d5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepcija i utjecaj<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09f501c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09f501c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U renesansi je Janus postao omiljeni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji zamjenjuje neku predod\u017ebu ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> mudrosti i predvi\u0111anja. Andrea Alciato i drugi autori emblema prikazivali su ga kao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slikovita predod\u017eba koja predstavlja apstraktnu misao.\" tabindex=\"0\">sliku<\/span> povijesnog znanja koje gleda u oba smjera. Njegovo dvostruko lice \u010desto se pojavljuje na grbovima i izdava\u010dkim znakovima, posebno u nakladama koje su htjele uspostaviti veze izme\u0111u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razdoblje gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. po. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> i sada\u0161njosti.<\/p>\n<p>U arhitekturi je Janusov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Motiv koji se ponavlja u umjetnosti ili pripovijedanju.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> obilje\u017eio oblikovanje slavoluka, gradskih vrata i lu\u010dkih zdanja. Luk Argentara u Rimu i brojna gradska vrata u Francuskoj i \u0160panjolskoj preuzimaju motiv dvostrukog luka Ianus geminusa. U 19. stolje\u0107u dvolika Janusova pojava postala je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slikovita predod\u017eba koja predstavlja apstraktnu misao.\" tabindex=\"0\">slika<\/span> same povijesne znanosti, koja istovremeno ispituje pro\u0161lost i budu\u0107nost.<\/p>\n<p>U suvremenom znanstvenom jeziku izraz Janusovo lice ili Janus-faced ima zna\u010denje standardne metafore za ambivalentnost. Me\u0111unarodna Janus kinaza, va\u017ean enzimski sustav, dobila je 1989. ime prema dvolikom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u okviru neke religije \u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvu<\/span>. I astronomsko otkri\u0107e Saturnovog satelita zvanog Janus, koji zamjenjuje orbitu s mjesecom Epimetejem, oslanja se na mitsku dvolikost.<\/p>\n<p>U srednjem vijeku Janus je preko naziva mjeseca Ianuarius dalje \u017eivio u astronomskim ud\u017ebenicima. Izidor Seviljski hvalio ga je u \u00abEtymologiae\u00bb (V, 33) kao personifikaciju novog po\u010detka.<\/p><p>U goti\u010dkoj kamenoj skulpturi Janusove glave nalaze se na portalima samostana i gradskim vratima, posebno u Lombardiji i na jugu Francuske, gdje je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razdoblje gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. po. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">anti\u010dki<\/span> bog praga do\u017eivio svoju vlastitu renesansu.<\/p>\n<p>U suvremenom psiholo\u0161kom jeziku Janus se javlja kao \u00abJanusovo lice\u00bb u zna\u010denju ambivalentnosti. C. G. Jung koristi tu sliku u djelu \u00abMysterium Coniunctionis\u00bb kao primjer dvostruke naravi psihi\u010dkih sadr\u017eaja.<\/p><p>U ekonomiji je \u00abJanusova strategija\u00bb pojam za poduze\u0107a koja djeluju istovremeno na starim i novim tr\u017ei\u0161tima. Ta suvremena pojmovna tvorba pokazuje kako arhai\u010dna slika \u017eivi dalje u jeziku razmi\u0161ljanja i nakon dva tisu\u0107lje\u0107a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08b23a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08b23a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51dc415 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51dc415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religijsko-znanstvena klasifikacija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aab09f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9aab09f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Georges Dum\u00e9zil je u vi\u0161e studija pokazao da Janus unutar tri indoeuropske funkcije zauzima posebno mjesto. On ne pripada nijednoj od triju funkcija samoj, nego stoji na njihovom po\u010detku, gotovo kao otvaraju\u0107a predfunkcija. Ovo tuma\u010denje je u znanosti bilo \u0161iroko prihva\u0107eno i ubraja se me\u0111u najmanje sporne dijelove Dum\u00e9zilova sustava.<\/p>\n<p>Robert Schilling i Kurt Latte isti\u010du specifi\u010dno italsko podrijetlo Janusova kulta. Za razliku od mnogih drugih bo\u017eanstava, ne postoji etrurski ekvivalent. Janus se time pojavljuje kao jedan od rijetkih posve italsko-rimskih kultnih sadr\u017eaja bez gr\u010dkog ili etrurskog predlo\u0161ka.<\/p><p>Mary Beard, John North i Simon Price smje\u0161taju <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost religijskih obreda \u0161tovanja posve\u0107enih bo\u017eanstvu ili svetoj pojavi.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> u njegovu politi\u010dku funkciju i pokazuju kako je otvaranje i zatvaranje Ianus geminusa postalo simboli\u010dan \u010din od dr\u017eavnog zna\u010daja.<\/p>\n<p>John Scheid je rekonstruirao ritualnu praksu na forumskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveto mjesto posve\u0107eno \u0161tovanju odre\u0111enog bo\u017eanstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sveti\u0161tu<\/span> i pokazao kako je bog bio uklopljen u svakodnevni \u017ertveni \u017eivot. J\u00f6rg R\u00fcpke razra\u0111uje zna\u010denje Janusa za kalendarski sustav i augustovsku reprezentaciju, prije svega u vezi s djelom \u00abRes Gestae\u00bb.<\/p><p>Annie Dubourdieu je u svojoj studiji \u00abLes origines et le d\u00e9veloppement du culte des P\u00e9nates \u00e0 Rome\u00bb razradila povezanost Janusa s Penatima i ku\u0107anskom religijom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0abc0be e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0abc0be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ce60b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2ce60b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Janusovi hramovi i topografija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe5baac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe5baac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najpoznatiji Janusov hram bio je Janus Geminus na Forumu Romanumu, mala, popre\u010dno pravokutna gra\u0111evina s dvoja vrata jedna nasuprot drugima. Vrata su se zatvarala u vrijeme mira, a otvarala u vrijeme rata.<\/p><p>Livije u djelu \u00abAb urbe condita\u00bb (I, 19, 2) navodi da su vrata u cijeloj rimskoj povijesti prije Augusta bila zatvorena samo dvaput, i to za vrijeme Numa Pompilija i nakon Prvog punskog rata 235. pr. Kr.<\/p><p>August je vrata zatvorio 29. pr. Kr. nakon Akcija, 25. pr. Kr. nakon kantabrijskih ratova i 8. pr. Kr. nakon germanskih pohoda, \u0161to je u svojem izvje\u0161taju o djelima, Res gestae divi Augusti (13), slavio kao vrhunac svoje mirovne politike.<\/p><p>To trostruko zatvaranje postalo je ideolo\u0161ki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji predstavlja neku predod\u017ebu ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> Pax Augusta.<\/p>\n<p>Druge Janusove gra\u0111evine uklju\u010divale su Janus Quirini na Forumu, luk na Argiletumu koji je obilje\u017eavao knji\u017earsku i postolarsku \u010detvrt, i Janus Pater na Mons Janiculusu, brdu na desnoj obali Tibera, koje su prije svega posje\u0107ivali seljaci i vojnici.<\/p><p>Ova \u010detiri Janusova sveti\u0161ta topografski su obilje\u017eavala granice grada, jer je Janus kao bog prijelaza bio nadle\u017ean za njih. Argiletumski luk bio je istovremeno i orijentacijska tr\u017ei\u0161na to\u010dka, \u0161to jasno pokazuje povezanost kultne i komercijalne funkcije u Rimu.<\/p>\n<p>U pogledu znanstvenih istra\u017eivanja, Filippo Coarelli precizirao je lokaciju Janusa Geminusa izme\u0111u Bazilike Emilije i Kurije Julije. Na Neronovim sesterciima s natpisom Pace populi terra mariq parta Ianum clusit ta je gra\u0111evina prikazana u arhitektonski detaljnom obliku.<\/p><p>Ovaj numizmati\u010dki izvor jedan je od najva\u017enijih likovnih svjedo\u010danstava o izgledu hrama. U <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prijelazno razdoblje izme\u0111u antike i srednjeg vijeka, otprilike od 3. do 7. stolje\u0107a.\" tabindex=\"0\">kasnoj antici<\/span> Janusov hram je u tijeku procesa kristijanizacije zatvoren, a pod Honorijem je u 5. stolje\u0107u sru\u0161en.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91e5003 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"91e5003\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-861aa43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"861aa43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Carmen Saliare i liturgija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f677ba0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f677ba0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Janus je stajao na po\u010detku svih rimskih molitvi. U starinskom redoslijedu prizivanja bogova njegovo se ime spominjalo prvo, jer je kao bog prijelaza simbolizirao i prijelaz od ti\u0161ine do rije\u010di.<\/p><p>Ciceron u djelu \u00abDe natura deorum\u00bb (II, 67) komentira da su Rimljani prilikom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kojim se izra\u017eava zahvala, molba ili po\u0161tovanje.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertve<\/span> prvo prizivali Janusa, a tek onda nadle\u017eno glavno bo\u017eanstvo. Taj ritualni prioritet nagla\u0161ava njegov kosmolo\u0161ki polo\u017eaj kao boga ulaza.<\/p>\n<p>Carmen Saliare, arhai\u010dna sve\u0107eni\u010dka pjesma koju su Saliji, dvanaestero\u010dlano sve\u0107eni\u010dko kolegij, pjevali prilikom martovske procesije, sadr\u017eavala je Janusovu strofu koja se ve\u0107 krajem Republike vi\u0161e nije potpuno razumjela.<\/p><p>Varon u djelu \u00abDe lingua Latina\u00bb (VII, 26 i dalje) poku\u0161ao je objasniti pojedine rije\u010di, ali je naveo da su saliarski izrazi \u00abprevi\u0161e arhai\u010dni\u00bb da bi se mogli jednozna\u010dno protuma\u010diti.<\/p><p>Sa\u010duvani fragmenti navode Cerus manus duonus Cerus es, \u0161to je rekonstruirano kao \u00abStvoritelju dobri \u010dovje\u010de, stvoritelj si ti\u00bb, mogu\u0107e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mole\u0107ivo ili zazivateljsko obra\u0107anje bo\u017eanstvu ili sili.\" tabindex=\"0\">prizivanje<\/span> Cerusa, tvora\u010dkog boga povezanog s Janusom.<\/p>\n<p>Rex sacrorum, sve\u0107eni\u010dka du\u017enost koja je nastavljala religijske funkcije republikanskog kraljevstva, bio je nadle\u017ean za Janusov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost religijskih obreda \u0161tovanja posve\u0107enih bo\u017eanstvu ili svetoj pojavi.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>. Vodio je Janusove <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kojim se izra\u017eava zahvala, molba ili po\u0161tovanje.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertve<\/span> na kalende svakog mjeseca, a prije svega na Idove marta, na stari Novu godinu, i 9. sije\u010dnja, na Janusov blagdan Agonalia.<\/p><p>Liturgijski propisi djelomi\u010dno su sa\u010duvani u Acta fratrum Arvalium, protokolima arvalskih sve\u0107enika, i daju uvid u ritualnu praksu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c0a34e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c0a34e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba49604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba49604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Numizmatika i likovna tradicija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb3de82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb3de82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Janusova glava, Ianus bifrons s dva suprotna lica, jedna je od najsna\u017enijih likovnih tvorevina Rima. Ve\u0107 su najraniji rimski asovi od 3. stolje\u0107a pr. Kr. prikazivali Janusovu glavu, jer je as kao najmanja nov\u010dana jedinica imao temeljni prijelazni polo\u017eaj u nov\u010danom sustavu.<\/p><p>Ta se tradicija nastavila kroz stolje\u0107a: republikanski asovi, denari i sestertiji nose bifrons kroz cijelo carsko razdoblje. Janusovi nov\u010di\u0107i kovali su se i pod Dioklecijanom i Konstantinom.<\/p>\n<p>Rijetka varijanta je Ianus Quadrifrons s \u010detiri lica, koji se pojavljuje na nekim sestertijima Hadrijana. Ovaj oblik predstavlja filozofsko pro\u0161irenje, u kojem Janus istovremeno gleda u svim \u010detirima stranama svijeta ili u sva \u010detiri godi\u0161nja doba. Forum Transitorium, manji forumski kompleks Domicijana, bio je ukra\u0161en lukom Ianus Quadrifrons, koji je danas sa\u010duvan samo u renesansnim crte\u017eima.<\/p>\n<p>U kr\u0161\u0107anskoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prijelazno razdoblje izme\u0111u antike i srednjeg vijeka, otprilike od 3. do 7. stolje\u0107a.\" tabindex=\"0\">kasnoj antici<\/span> slika bifronsa dobila je negativno zna\u010denje i izjedna\u010dena je s prijetvorno\u0161\u0107u. Augustin u djelu \u00abDe civitate Dei\u00bb (VII, 7) polemizira protiv \u00abdva lica\u00bb Janusa kao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji predstavlja neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbola<\/span> lukavosti.<\/p><p>Ovo preusmjeravanje zna\u010denja djelovalo je sve do srednjeg vijeka, u kojem je izraz \u00abjanusolik\u00bb postao pojam za dvoli\u010dnost. Tek je renesansa rehabilitirala Janusovu glavu kao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slikovita predstava koja simbolizira apstraktnu ideju.\" tabindex=\"0\">simboli\u010dnu sliku<\/span> mudre predvi\u0111enosti, primjerice u Alciatovoj knjizi emblema iz 1531., gdje Janus ilustrira izreku Prudens futuri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f298894 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f298894\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f25b338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f25b338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izvori i dodatna literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-882346b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"882346b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoha gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. n. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antika<\/span> izvori: Vergilije \u00abEneida\u00bb, Ovidije \u00abFasti\u00bb, Livije \u00abAb urbe condita\u00bb, Ciceron \u00abDe natura deorum\u00bb, Varon \u00abDe lingua latina\u00bb, Makrobije \u00abSaturnalije\u00bb, Augustus \u00abRes gestae divi Augusti\u00bb, Servijev komentar, Plutarh \u00abNuma\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Istra\u017eiva\u010dka literatura: Georges Dum\u00e9zil, \u00abLa religion romaine archa\u00efque\u00bb, Pariz 1966. Robert Schilling, \u00abRites, cultes, dieux de Rome\u00bb, Pariz 1979. Kurt Latte, \u00abR\u00f6mische Religionsgeschichte\u00bb, M\u00fcnchen 1960. Mary Beard, John North, Simon Price, \u00abReligions of Rome\u00bb, Cambridge 1998. John Scheid, \u00abAn Introduction to Roman Religion\u00bb, Edinburgh 2003. J\u00f6rg R\u00fcpke, \u00abDie Religion der R\u00f6mer\u00bb, M\u00fcnchen 2001.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3257,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Janus","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Janus \u2013 rimski bog po\u010deci | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Janus je rimski bog po\u010deci, vrata i prijelaza, prikazan s dva lica. 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