{"id":149512,"date":"2026-09-04T05:11:01","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=149512"},"modified":"2026-09-04T05:25:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:25:27","slug":"yama-sudac-mrtvih","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/yama-sudac-mrtvih\/","title":{"rendered":"Yama (Sudac mrtvih)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"149512\" class=\"elementor elementor-149512 elementor-2015 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama budizam, bog budisti\u010dke tradicije<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama budizam je bog budisti\u010dke tradicije.<\/p><p><strong>Budisti\u010dki bog smrti i sudac du\u0161a nakon smrti.<\/strong><\/p><p>Yama u budizmu djeluje kao sudac karme i upravitelj paklenih svjetova.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bog \/ Bo\u017eica: Personificirana najvi\u0161a mo\u0107 u panteonu neke kulture, s jasnim nadle\u017enostima, prirodne sile, sudbina, rat, plodnost. Po\u0161tovan(a) kroz kultove, \u017ertve i hramske institucije.\">Bog<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149378\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Budisti\u010dka tradicija s bodhisattvama, za\u0161titni\u010dkim bo\u017eanstvima, glasnim duhovima i \u010duvarima pakla.\">Budizam<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149444\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bo\u017eanstva podzemlja i smrti, vladari zagrobnog svijeta, suci mrtvih, pratitelji du\u0161a.\">Bo\u017eanstvo smrti<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151698\" alt=\"Yama sudac mrtvih - bogovi iz budisti\u010dke tradicije, povijesno-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama budizam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Na prvi pogled: Yama budizam<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Glavno budisti\u010dko bo\u017eanstvo (Mahayana, Vajrayana), sudac mrtvih i \u010duvar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U indijskim religijama u\u010denje i pravilan poredak djelovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharme<\/span><br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost bogova neke religije ili kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: budizam (sve \u0161kole), preuzet iz hinduisti\u010dkog Yame<br>Funkcija: sudac mrtvih, \u010duvar zakonitosti karme, u tibetanskoj tradiciji ljutito bo\u017eanstvo (wrathful deity)<br>Glavni atributi: knjiga mrtvih, ogledalo karme, ma\u010d (Khadga), om\u010da (Pasha), crni bivol<br>Glavna kultna mjesta: tibetanski gelug-manastiri (cham-ples), Japan (Enma-O), Vijetnam (Yamaraja)<br>Razli\u010diti oblici: Yama-Dharmaraja (Tibet), Enma-O (Japan), Yeomra (Koreja), Yanluo (Kina)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uvod<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama se s budizmom prenosi iz Indije u sve budisti\u010dke zemlje (vedski prethodnik u <em>Rigvedi<\/em>, od 1200. pr. Kr.). U pali tradiciji (theravada) glavni je ispitiva\u010d na sudu mrtvih.<\/p><p>U mahayani ima vlastiti korpus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu tekst u\u010denja u kratkom obliku.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (npr. <em>Devadhamma-Sutta<\/em>). U Tibetu je od 8. st. n. Kr. kao <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> sredi\u0161nji u panteonima ljutitih bo\u017eanstava vajrayana tradicije. Glavno razdoblje procvata: u tibetanskim gelug-manastirima traje do danas, s dramati\u010dnim izvedbama cham-plesova.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glavna kultna mjesta: tibetanski <strong>gelug-manastiri<\/strong> (Drepung, Sera, Gand\u00e4n, Tashilhunpo, s plesovima Yama-Dharmaraja-Cham), <strong>Japan<\/strong> kao Enma-O (u svakom mrtva\u010dkom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namijenjena po\u0161tovanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramu<\/span>), <strong>Vijetnam<\/strong> kao Diem V\u01b0\u01a1ng. U zemljama theravade (Tajland, Mjanmar, \u0160ri Lanka) kao kozmi\u010dka pozadinska prisutnost. U Kini kao <em>Yanluo<\/em> (vlastita stranica).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sredi\u0161nji izvori: <em>Devadhamma-sutta<\/em> (pali), <em>Yama <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu sa\u017eeti oblik u\u010denja u tekstu.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span><\/em> (kineski), tibetanski <em>Bardo Th\u00f6dol<\/em> (&bdquo;Tibetanska knjiga mrtvih&ldquo;, klasi\u010dni izvor za Yama-Dharmaraja-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanstveno u\u010denje o Bogu i vjerovanjima neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiju<\/span>), tantri\u010dki tekstovi o Yama-Dharmaraja-sadhani. Sekundarna literatura: Lopez, <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead. A Biography<\/em>; Linrothe, <em>Ruthless Compassion. Wrathful Deities in Early Indo-Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art<\/em>; Williams, <em>Mahayana Buddhism<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naziv<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Budisti\u010dki Yama \u010desto se prikazuje s bikovom glavom, masivnim rogovima, stra\u0161nim licem, crnom ili tamnoplavom ko\u017eom. Ponekad ima dvije ili \u010detiri ruke. Nosi <em>damaru<\/em> (\u0161tap od mrtva\u010dkih kostiju) i laso od u\u017eeta du\u0161a.<\/p><p>Oko njega ple\u0161u demoni i yak\u0161e. Okru\u017euje ga vatra, krv mu kaplje iz usta. U tibetanskoj umjetnosti \u010desto sjedi u pe\u0107ini ili u svojoj pala\u010di u Naraki.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zna\u010dajke bi\u0107a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama u budisti\u010dkom u\u010denju nije kazna, nego ogledalo. Yamin sud je automatski: svaka radnja (<em>karma<\/em>) ima svoju posljedicu. U tantri\u010dkim praksama Yamu se ne moli za milost, nego ga se vizualizira kao u\u010ditelja prolaznosti.<\/p><p>Obredi smrti u tibetanskom budizmu obra\u0107aju se Yami izravno, s molbom da du\u0161i otvori povoljan put kroz <em>bardo<\/em>. Prakti\u010dari u\u010de susresti Yamu bez straha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Yama budizam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najva\u017eniji aspekti Yame (budizam) na prvi pogled. Sljede\u0107a polja sa\u017eimaju podrijetlo, funkciju, izgled, po\u0161tovanje, simbole i kulturne paralele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podrijetlo Yame budizam<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama se u budizmu preuzima iz hinduisti\u010dkog Yame (vedski prvi umrli), zadr\u017eava funkciju suca mrtvih, ali se budisti\u010dki reinterpretira: nije proizvoljan sudac, nego ogledalo-posrednik karme.<\/p><p>U tibetanskom sustavu Bardo Thodola pojavljuje se preminulome u stanju bardoa izme\u0111u smrti i ponovnog ro\u0111enja, njegovo ogledalo pokazuje mrtvome njegovu vlastitu karmu, bez da Yama sam sudi. Kazna proizlazi iz vlastite karmi\u010dke reakcije. U ljutitom obliku kao Yama-Dharmaraja: za\u0161titnik <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U indijskim religijama u\u010denje i pravilan poredak djelovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharme<\/span> protiv svih prijetnji.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ciljna skupina Yame budizam<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sudac mrtvih u stanju bardoa. \u010cuvar zakonitosti karme. U tantri\u010dkoj vajrayana tradiciji za\u0161titni\u010dko yidam (meditacijsko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u nekoj religiji po\u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span>) protiv svih unutarnjih i vanjskih prijetnji, posebno protiv straha od smrti. Za\u0161titnik prakse propitivanja (iskreno gledanje vlastitih djela). U tibetanskim cham-plesovima ritualno podsje\u0107anje na smrtnost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izgled Yame budizam<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U ve\u0107ini azijskih tradicija prikazan je antropomorfno kao strogi \u010dinovnik s knjigom mrtvih i pisa\u0107im pribora. U tibetanskoj vad\u017eraj\u0101na tradiciji poznat je kao <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em>: tamnoplava ili crna gnjevna (wrathful) prilika s bivoljom glavom, tri oka, plamenom kosom i plamenim oreolom.<\/p><p>Nosi ukrase od kostiju i pregac\u030c od tigrove ko\u017ee. U rukama dr\u017ei posudu od lubanje (kapala), khatvangu (\u017ezezalo s lubanjom), zamku (pa\u0161a) i ma\u010d. Jaha crnog bivola koji gazi \u010dovjeka. Prati ga njegova sestra Yami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Djelovanje Yame u budizmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Podru\u010dje djelovanja:<\/strong> U tibetanskoj knjizi Bardo Thodol Yama se o\u010dekuje kao pojava u stanju bardo, a umiru\u0107i se pripremaju na susret s njim. U tibetanskim cham plesovima odvija se ritualni sukob s vladarom mrtvih, uz dramati\u010dne maske. U tantri\u010dkoj praksi meditira se o njemu kao za\u0161titnom yidamu. U theravadskim i mahayanskim obredima za mrtve djeluje kao pozadinski posrednik karme. U Japanu je kao Enma-O sredi\u0161nja figura na svakom budisti\u010dkom groblju.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0161tita od Yame u budizmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Knjiga mrtvih, zrcalo karme (Karma-Darpana), ma\u010d (khadga), zamka (pa\u0161a), crni bivol (jaha\u0107a \u017eivotinja), khatvanga (\u017ezezalo s lubanjom), kapala (posuda od lubanje), bivolja glava (u tibetanskom gnjevnom obliku), tre\u0107e oko, plamena kosa. Sveto bilje: nema posebno navedenog. Sveti smjer: jug (u indijskoj tradiciji).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele Yame u budizmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Yama<\/em> (hinduizam, korijenski oblik), <em>Yamaraja<\/em> (hinduizam \/ budizam), <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> (Tibet, gnjevni vad\u017eraj\u0101na oblik), <em>Enma-O<\/em> (Japan), <em>Yeomra<\/em> (Koreja), <em>Yanluo<\/em> (Kina, prvi od Deset kraljeva pakla), <em>Had<\/em> (Gr\u010dka), <em>Anubis\/Ozirid<\/em> (Egipat, vodi\u010d i sudac), <em>Hel<\/em> (germanska tradicija), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (aztecka tradicija). Yama je jedan od najra\u0161irenijih koncepata bo\u017eanstva u svijetu, prisutan od Indije, preko \u010ditave Azije, sve do Japana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prakti\u010dna obrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituali za za\u0161titu<\/strong><\/p><p>Budisti\u010dki za\u0161titni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ureden slijed simboli\u010dkih radnji s religijskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> protiv Yame: recitiranje dharani tekstova i zazivanje bodhisattvi u opasnim trenucima, poput procesa umiranja ili iskustava blizu smrti. Goma vatreni rituali (tibetanski ognjeni prinosi) usmjereni su protiv Yamine kazne. Tradicije pjevanja koriste mantre bo\u017eanstava milosr\u0111a kako bi ubla\u017eile Yamine presude. U kineskoj budisti\u010dkoj pu\u010dkoj praksi pale se papirnati listi\u0107i u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gradevina posvec\u030cena \u0161tovanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramovima<\/span> Nefritnog cara kako bi se umirili Yamini suci.<\/p><p><strong>Zazivi i molitve<\/strong><\/p><p>Mantre Jizoa (bodhisattve pakla) i zazivi Avalokite\u0161vare smatraju se za\u0161titom od Yamine kazne. Recitira se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu tekst u\u010denja u kratkom obliku.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> Velikog samilosti (Karuna-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu tekst u\u010denja u kratkom obliku.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>). U tibetanskoj tradiciji postoji vizualizacija Yamantake u Guhyasamaja tantri, koja prikazuje agresivno pobjedivanje Yame od strane \u201eukrotitelja demona Yamantake\u201c. Izvorni tekst na sanskrtu: \u201eOm jn\u0303ana-jyoti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U indijskim religijama u\u010denje i pravi poredak djelovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharma<\/span> dhara Yamantaka hum phat\u201c.<\/p><p><strong>Amuleti i za\u0161titni simboli<\/strong><\/p><p>Statue Jizoa kao za\u0161titni simboli u kineskim i japanskim hramovima. Budisti\u010dka narukvica (mala) s 108 zrna, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pripada odredenom religijskom obrednom slijedu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualno<\/span> povezana s umirivanjem stra\u017eara pakla. Arheolo\u0161ki dokazi: budisti\u010dke stele iz 7. stolje\u0107a u Kini i Koreji, koje prikazuju Yaminu presudu suprotstavljenu bodhisattvama spasiteljima.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama u budizmu, paralele u drugim kulturama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Budisti\u010dki Yama sli\u010dan je hinduisti\u010dkom Yami, ali je manje \u201esudac\u201c a vi\u0161e \u201eutjelovljenje zakona\u201c. S kr\u0161\u0107anskom smr\u0107u (<em>Thanatos<\/em> ili <em>Grim Reaper<\/em>) dijeli neizbje\u017enost.<\/p><p>U tibetanskom kontekstu Yama je Dharmapala, \u201eza\u0161titnik <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U indijskim religijama u\u010denje i pravi poredak djelovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharme<\/span>\u201c, sli\u010dno Kali ili Bhairavi u hinduizmu. Crna boja i divlji izgled univerzalni su za bogove smrti.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfc795b0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpfc795b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcfb77e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpcfb77e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama izmedu vedske ba\u0161tine i budisti\u010dke preobrazbe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp680eb01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp680eb01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4042dbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4042dbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Budisti\u010dka figura Yame nije nastala samostalno, ve\u0107 je proizi\u0161la iz starije indijske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u nekoj religiji \u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstva<\/span>. U vedskoj Indiji, u himnama <em>Rigvede<\/em>, Yama je prvi \u010dovjek koji je umro i time postao kralj mrtvih, onaj koji je prona\u0161ao put u zagrobni svijet.<\/p><p>Vlada svijetlim podru\u010djem u kojem se okupljaju pre\u0161li preci, i djeluje vi\u0161e kao blagonaklon primatelj mrtvih nego kao sudac koji ka\u017enjava.<\/p><p>Budizam je preuzeo Yamu, ali je znatno preobrazio njegovu ulogu. U budisti\u010dkoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predod\u017eba o gradi i poretku svijeta unutar odredene kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmologiji<\/span> Yama postaje gospodar podzemnog svijeta i sudac koji odlu\u010duje o preporodu preminulih, posebno o tome tko odlazi u paklena podru\u010dja.<\/p><p>Ta promjena, od blagonaklonog primatelja bla\u017eenih do suca krivih, povezana je sa sredi\u0161njim budisti\u010dkim naukom o <em>karmi<\/em>: sudbina nakon smrti proizlazi iz djela, a Yama postaje instanca koja tu vezu predstavlja.<\/p><p>Va\u017ean je religiolo\u0161ki uvid da Yama, u strogom budisti\u010dkom shva\u0107anju, ne prosuduje samovoljno. Tekstovi opetovano isti\u010du da sama <em>karma<\/em> odreduje preporod, a Yama preminulome samo pokazuje njegova vlastita djela.<\/p><p>Poznata prispodoba iz <em>Devaduta Sutte<\/em> u palijskom kanonu opisuje kako Yama pokazuje preminulome bo\u017eanske glasnike, starost, bolest i smrt, te ga pita nije li zamijetio te opomene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcdbb663 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcdbb663\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp67c8373 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp67c8373\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama u tibetanskom budizmu i Kolo \u017eivota<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc472e02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc472e02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4c936b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa4c936b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U tibetanskom budizmu Yama je stekao osobito izra\u017eeno ikonografsko i obredno zna\u010denje. Ovdje se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e javlja kao <em>Shinje<\/em>, u zastra\u0161uju\u0107em obliku, s bikovom glavom, vijencem plamena i atributima suca mrtvih, \u010desto stoje\u0107i na biku.<\/p><p>Posebno je poznat njegov prikaz na tzv. Kolu \u017eivota, <em>Bhavachakri<\/em>. Na ovoj \u0161iroko rasprostranjenoj slikovnoj kompoziciji, koja u brojnim samostanima ukra\u0161ava ulazni prostor, veliko bi\u0107e s isceptanim zubima dr\u017ei kolo \u0161est podru\u010dja postojanja u kand\u017eama i zubima.<\/p><p>To bi\u0107e koje obuhva\u0107a kolo obi\u010dno se tuma\u010di kao Yama, kao utjelovljenje prolaznosti i smrti, kojoj su podlo\u017eni svi uvjetovani oblici postojanja. Slika izra\u017eava u\u010denje da je svako podru\u010dje preporo\u0111enja, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i nebesa, podlo\u017eno smrti, a time i Yaminom stisku.<\/p><p>Uz to, tibetanska tradicija poznaje i meditativni lik Yamantake, \u010dije ime zna\u010di pobjednik nad Yamom ili onaj koji okon\u010dava smrt. Yamantaka se smatra gnjevnim o\u010ditovanjem bodhisattve Manjushrija i utjelovljuje mudrost koja nadilazi samu smrt.<\/p><p>U ovoj konstelaciji postaje jasan ambivalentan polo\u017eaj Yame: on je gospodar smrti, a istovremeno i sila koju je mogu\u0107e nadi\u0107i bu\u0111enjem. Istra\u017eivanja u bogatoj tibetanskoj Yaminoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o sadr\u017eaju slika i njihovom zna\u010denju.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografiji<\/span> vide spoj indijskih predlo\u017eaka s lokalnim tibetanskim predod\u017ebama o planinskim i podzemnim bo\u017eanstvima.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp43aed0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp43aed0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb86525 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdb86525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama u isto\u010dnoj Aziji: od indijskog boga do gospodara pakla Enme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b79416 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b79416\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc5df073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc5df073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sa \u0161irenjem budizma u Kinu, Koreju i Japan, Yama je putovao dalje i duboko se ukorijenio u lokalne predod\u017ebe o onostranosti. U Kini se indijski lik spojio s predod\u017ebama o birokratski organiziranom podzemnom svijetu i pretvorio u Yanluo Wanga, kralja Yanlua, jednog od deset kraljeva pakla, od kojih svaki vodi jedan sud podzemnog svijeta.<\/p><p>Ovih deset kraljeva podzemnog svijeta ispituju pokojnike u uzastopnim instancama, a mrtvac ih prolazi jednog za drugim prije nego \u0161to se odlu\u010di o njegovu sljede\u0107em postojanju. Yanluo Wang u tom sustavu obi\u010dno zauzima mjesto petog kralja. Cijeli sustav odra\u017eava iskustvo sa zemaljskom \u010dinovni\u010dkom hijerarhijom, s registrima, presudama i kaznama.<\/p><p>U Japanu je ovaj lik preuzet kao Enma ili Enma-\u014d, u Koreji kao Yeomra. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149509\">Enma<\/a> je u japanskoj narodnoj religiji poznat lik, \u010desto prikazan s pocrvenjelim licem, suda\u010dkom pokrivalom za glavu i plo\u010dicom za pisanje ili zrcalom u kojem se vide djela pokojnika.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanost koja istra\u017euje religije uspore\u0111uju\u0107i ih, bez vjerske pripadnosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religiologija<\/span> nagla\u0161ava da isto\u010dnoazijski oblici daleko nadilaze indijski predlo\u017eak i da je Yama tamo postao \u010dvrst dio popularnih predod\u017eaba o onostranosti koje spajaju budisti\u010dke, taoisti\u010dke i narodnoreligijske elemente. Promjena od vedskoga svjetlosnog lika, preko indijsko-budisti\u010dkog suca, do isto\u010dnoazijskog birokrata pakla, primjer je iz ud\u017ebenika za religijski kulturni transfer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daljnje poveznice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149504\">Yama (hinduizam), korijen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149455\">Yamaraja, srodni oblik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149509\">Enma-O, japanski oblik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149513\">Yeomra, korejski oblik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149508\">Yanluo, kineski oblik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149378\">Budizam, pregled panteona<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149444\">Bo\u017eanstva mrtvih, potkategorija<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (izbor)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lopez, Donald S.: <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead. A Biography<\/em>. Princeton 2011.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Williams, Paul: <em>Mahayana Buddhism. The Doctrinal Foundations<\/em>. London 1989.<\/span><\/li><li>Bardo Thodol (brojni prijevodi, npr. Coleman\/Jinpa\/Dorje 2005).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ur.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (natuknica &bdquo;Yama&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dodatna standardna djela u <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149465\">popisu literature<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1740,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yama budizam","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yama \u2013 budisti\u010dki bog smrti i sudac karme","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yama u budizmu: bikova glava, sudac bardoa i provedba karme. Njegova uloga u Tibetanskoj knjizi mrtvih, Bardo Thodolu.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-149512","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yama \u2013 budisti\u010dki bog smrti i sudac karme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yama u budizmu: bikova glava, sudac bardoa i provedba karme. 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