{"id":149494,"date":"2026-09-04T05:10:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=149494"},"modified":"2026-09-04T05:24:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:24:59","slug":"proserpina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/proserpina\/","title":{"rendered":"Proserpina"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"149494\" class=\"elementor elementor-149494 elementor-1979 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, bo\u017eica rimske tradicije<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bo\u017eica podzemnog svijeta i ponovnog ro\u0111enja u rimskoj tradiciji. Supruga je Plutona i vladarica carstva mrtvih, ali svojim godi\u0161njim povratkom na gornji svijet ostaje vezana za cikluse prirode. Religijsko-znanstveno gledano, Proserpina je utjelovljenje prijelaza izme\u0111u \u017eivota i smrti, izme\u0111u gornjeg i donjeg svijeta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bog \/ Bo\u017eica: Personificirana najvi\u0161a mo\u0107 u panteonu neke kulture, s jasnim nadle\u017enostima nad silama prirode, sudbinom, ratom, plodno\u0161\u0107u. Po\u0161tovan\/a kroz kultove, \u017ertve i hramske institucije.\">Bo\u017eica<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149330\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Rimska religija od doba kraljeva do kasne antike, sinkretisti\u010dka s gr\u010dkim i etru\u0161\u010danskim slojevima.\">Rim<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149444\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bo\u017eanstva podzemnog svijeta i smrti, vladari zagrobnog \u017eivota, suci mrtvih, vodi\u010di du\u0161a.\">Bo\u017eanstvo podzemlja<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSadr\u017eaj\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151700\" alt=\"Proserpina - bo\u017eanstva iz rimske tradicije, povijesno-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina utjelovljuje dvojnost djevi\u010danstva i bra\u010dnog stanja, nevinosti i kraljevskog autoriteta. K\u0107i je Cerere (\u017eito), supruga Plutona i vladarica mrtvih.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, po\u010decima i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit<\/span> o njezinoj otmici od Plutona obja\u0161njava sezonske promjene biljnog svijeta i strukturu godine. Njezini sredi\u0161nji aspekti su plodnost, zrelost, prijelaz i sankcioniranje novog \u017eivota iz carstva mrtvih. Eleuzinske mistrije slavile su njezinu ulogu u kozmi\u010dkoj regeneraciji.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kratki profil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Izvori: Ovidijeve Metamorfoze 5, Vergilijeve Georgike, Ciceron De Natura Deorum, Apulejeve Metamorfoze, hvalospjevi Proserpini, latinski natpisi i epitafi na nadgrobnim spomenicima. Sekundarna literatura: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte, Walter Burkert (o stapanju s Perzefonom), Hubert Cancik. \u0160tovanje Proserpine bilo je sna\u017eno u eleuzinskim kultovima, ali ra\u0161ireno i u privatnim domovima Italije, Galije i Afrike.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je ostala prisutna i nakon kraja anti\u010dkog kulta. Ovidijev opis otmice u Metamorfozama i Klaudijanov kasnoanti\u010dki ep De raptu Proserpinae odr\u017eali su gra\u0111u \u017eivom, a slikari i kipari od renesanse do Berninija i Rossettija vra\u0107ali su se toj temi. Goethe je o njoj napisao monodramu. Sr\u017e mita, godina podijeljena izme\u0111u gornjeg i podzemnog svijeta, i danas je najpoznatije anti\u010dko tuma\u010denje godi\u0161njih doba.<\/p><h3>Mitolo\u0161ka klasifikacija<\/h3><p>Proserpina je rimska bo\u017eica prolje\u0107a i podzemnog svijeta, k\u0107i Cerere. Njezin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, po\u010decima i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>, otmica od Plutona, povratak, klju\u010dan je za razumijevanje godi\u0161njih doba. Nije nemo\u0107na, ve\u0107 vladarica podzemnog svijeta uz Plutona. Ambivalentan je lik transformacije.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bila univerzalno poznata i po\u0161tovana ili s po\u0161tovanjem strahovana u cijelom rimskom svijetu, bez ograni\u010denja na odre\u0111ene regije ili mjesta. Bilo u velikim urbanim sredi\u0161tima ili u perifernim ruralnim podru\u010djima, bilo me\u0111u dru\u0161tvenom elitom ili obi\u010dnim narodom, duhovni i kulturni zna\u010daj ovog bo\u017eanstva bio je dosljedno prepoznat i univerzalan.<\/p><p>Uvo\u0111enje Proserpine u Rim bila je odluka dr\u017eave: na nalog Sibilinskih knjiga njezin kult uveden je 249. pr. Kr. zajedno s kultom Dis Patera, kako bi se od zajednice odvratile nesre\u0107e. Njezin gr\u010dki uzor Perzefona stigla je u Rim putem kolonija ju\u017ene Italije i Sicilije; sveti\u0161te u Locriju i sicilijanska kultna mjesta pokazuju kako su trgovina i kolonizacija \u0161irile i objedinjavale \u0161tovanje na Sredozemlju.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Primarni izvori: Ovidije, Metamorfoze 5 (Otmica Proserpine), Vergilijeve Georgike i Eneida, Homerov hvalospjev Demetri (gr\u010dki pandan), Ciceron De Natura Deorum, Senekine tragedije.<\/p><p>Razdoblje: od 5. stolje\u0107a pr. Kr. do 6. stolje\u0107a n. Kr. Istra\u017eiva\u010di: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (Povijest rimske religije), Walter Burkert (Gr\u010dka religija), Manfred Clauss (Kultovi). Arheolo\u0161ki dokazi: eleuzinska sveti\u0161ta, nadgrobni spomenici iz rimskog doba, prokletstva (defixiones) s imenom Proserpine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naziv i pravopisni oblici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina se u razli\u010ditim izvorima i umjetni\u010dkim tradicijama prikazuje s odre\u0111enim ponavljaju\u0107im ikonografskim elementima koji ostaju relativno postojani kroz desetlje\u0107a i razli\u010dita geografska podru\u010dja. Ovi elementi duboko su simboli\u010dki kodirani i nose veliko zna\u010denje; ne mogu se objasniti kao \u010dista dekoracija ili slu\u010dajan izbor.<\/p><p>Na prikazima Proserpine mo\u017ee se o\u010ditati njezina dvojna narav. Klasje, cvije\u0107e i \u0161ipak upu\u0107uju na plodnost i vegetaciju, a istodobno na plod \u010dijim je u\u017eivanjem vezana za podzemni svijet. Zublja pripada traganju njezine majke Cerere, dok prijestolje uz Plutona prikazuje je kao kraljicu carstva mrtvih. Onaj koji je poznavao mit u svakom je od tih znakova prepoznavao stanicu njezine pri\u010de: otmicu, potragu, \u0161ipak, podijeljenu godinu. Atributi na sa\u017eet na\u010din pripovijedaju mit o godi\u0161njim dobima.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bila sredi\u0161nja u religijskoj praksi, svakodnevnim ritualima i svakodnevnom shva\u0107anju rimskoga svijeta. Ljudi su se u kriti\u010dnim ili odre\u0111enim \u017eivotnim situacijama, kao i u odre\u0111enim ritualnim godi\u0161njim dobima, obra\u0107ali ovom bi\u0107u strukturiranim, \u010desto opse\u017enim ritualima, molitvama ili \u017ertvenim prinosima.<\/p><p>Kult Proserpine u Rimu bio je \u010dvrsto ure\u0111en. Godine 249. pr. Kr. njezino je \u0161tovanje zajedno s Dis Paterom slu\u017ebeno uvedeno, a \u017ertve na podzemnom \u017ertveniku Tarentuma na Marsovom polju slijedile su precizne ritualne propise. U gr\u010dki utjecanim misterijima, koji su se odnosili na njezin uzor Perzefonu, posebno postavljeni kultni slu\u017ebenici vodili su posvete; sudjelovanje i tijek obreda podlijegali su strogim pravilima.<\/p><p>Obredi posve\u0107eni Proserpini stolje\u0107ima su ispunjavali konkretne zada\u0107e. Kao bo\u017eica vegetacije, prizivana je zajedno s Cererom za uspijevanje usjeva, odnosno za temelj prehrane zajednice. Kao kraljica podzemlja primala je darove koji su trebali osigurati milosrdan prijem pokojnika. Njezin mit o godi\u0161njem uzlasku i silasku ujedno je tuma\u010dio smjenu godi\u0161njih doba i davao opipljiv oblik prijelazu izme\u0111u \u017eivota i smrti.<\/p><h3>Izgled i simbolika<\/h3><p>Proserpina se prikazuje u prijelaznim fazama, ponekad mlada i proljetna, ponekad tamna. Nosi krunu i \u010desto dr\u017ei klju\u010deve. \u0160ipak je njezin atribut (sjeme povratka). Uz to idu klasovi je\u010dma i cvije\u0107e. Njezina ambivalentnost njezina je snaga.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil obja\u0161njava Proserpininu prirodu kroz \u0161est dimenzija: njezino mitsko podrijetlo i ra\u0161irenost, oblike njezina \u0161tovanja u religiji i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prakse koje posebnim postupcima ili formulama \u017eele utjecati na tijek zbivanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">magiji<\/span>, njezin karakteristi\u010dni prikaz u umjetnosti i simbolima, zna\u010denje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Molbeno ili zazivateljsko obra\u0107anje bo\u017eanstvu ili mo\u0107i.\" tabindex=\"0\">prizivanja<\/span> i po\u0161tovanja, srodne likove u susjednim kulturama i zavr\u0161ni pregled njezine kozmi\u010dke funkcije kao bo\u017eice prijelaza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podrijetlo Proserpine<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je rimski oblik gr\u010dke Perzefone i potje\u010de iz indoeuropskih mitova o bo\u017eicama plodnosti. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predaja o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit<\/span> o otmici (latinski: raptus) izvorno je bio obja\u0161njenje za sezonske cikluse vegetacije. U Rimu se Proserpina \u0161tovala kao supruga Plutona, samostalna i mo\u0107na.<\/p><p>Najraniji dokazi potje\u010du iz 5. stolje\u0107a pr. Kr., a poja\u010davaju se pod gr\u010dkim utjecajem (2.-1. stolje\u0107e pr. Kr.). Eleuzinski misterijski kultovi pro\u0161irili su njezino \u0161tovanje po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razdoblje gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. n. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">anti\u010dkom<\/span> svijetu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ciljna skupina Proserpine<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpinu su prizivali seljaci pri sjetvi i \u017eetvi, trudne \u017eene (kao garantica novog \u017eivota) i o\u017ealo\u0161\u0107eni (radi smirivanja mrtvih).<\/p><p>Eleuzinski misteriji bili su strogo tajni, ali njihovi su sudionici govorili o Proserpininoj ulozi nositeljice nade nakon smrti. U privatnim domovima molilo joj se za plodnost i za\u0161titu djece. Antesterije (Cvjetni blagdan) bile su godi\u0161nja svetkovina u njezinu \u010dast.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prikaz<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je prikazivana kao mlada \u017eena ili zrela kraljica, ovisno o fazi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predaja o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span>, mlada tijekom otmice, zrela i okrunjena kao vladarica podzemlja.<\/p><p>Njezini atributi su glavica maka (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji zastupa neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> sna i smrti), rog izobilja (obilje), \u017eezlo i baklja (svijetli u tami podzemlja). Na kovanicama sjedi uz Plutona ili nosi krunu. Na nadgrobnim spomenicima simbolizira prijelaz i nadu u zagrobni \u017eivot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Djelovanje<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Podru\u010dje djelovanja:<\/strong> Proserpina (tako\u0111er Perzefona, gr\u010dki) rimska je bo\u017eica podzemlja, k\u0107i Cerere (Demetre) i supruga Plutona (Hada).<\/p><p>Simbolizira prijelaz izme\u0111u godi\u0161njih doba, izme\u0111u \u017eivota i smrti. Njezina otmica u podzemlje i godi\u0161nji povratak majci obja\u0161njavaju smjenu ljeta i zime. Nije nemo\u0107na ni pasivna, u mnogim tekstovima ona je vladarica podzemlja, supruga s vlastitim kraljevstvom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0161titna sredstva<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bila predmet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Molbeno ili zazivateljsko obra\u0107anje bo\u017eanstvu ili mo\u0107i.\" tabindex=\"0\">prizivanja<\/span> i za\u0161titni\u010dkog \u0161tovanja, kao posrednica izme\u0111u \u017eivota i smrti, a ne bo\u017eica zla. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kao izraz zahvale, molbe ili \u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017drtve<\/span> su bile mak, med, plodovi i crne \u017eivotinje.<\/p><p>Kod smrtnih slu\u010dajeva molilo joj se da pokojnike primi pod svoju vlast i podari im mir. Trudne \u017eene nosile su amulete s njezinom slikom. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prakse koje posebnim postupcima ili formulama \u017eele utjecati na tijek zbivanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">Magija<\/span> je \u010desto uklju\u010divala njezino ime za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jezi\u010dni obred koji treba prizvati ili obvezati neku mo\u0107.\" tabindex=\"0\">zazivanje<\/span> ili za\u0161titu od zlih duhova.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usporedivo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perzefona (gr\u010dki) izravni je uzor i strukturno ostaje istovjetna. Inanna\/I\u0161tar u mezopotamskom svijetu sli\u010dna joj je po putovanju u podzemlje, ali ne po sezonskoj vezanosti. U egipatskom prostoru Oziris (mu\u0161ki) pokazuje sli\u010dne funkcije suca mrtvih i figure nade. Hel u germanskoj tradiciji manje je ambivalentna vladarica podzemlja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, paralele u drugim kulturama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je rimska adaptacija gr\u010dke Perzefone; njezin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> povezan je s rimskim poljoprivrednim kalendarom i eleuzinskim misterijima. Dok Perzefona u mitu o \u010detiri godi\u0161nja doba ostaje sredi\u0161nji lik \u017ealosti, Proserpina u rimskoj praksi preuzima dodatne za\u0161titni\u010dke zada\u0107e za brak i doma\u0107instvo.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u017didovska tradicija:<\/strong> U \u017eidovskoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost predanih pri\u010da o bogovima jedne kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiji<\/span> ne postoji bo\u017eica podzemnog svijeta. \u0160eol je pasivno carstvo mrtvih bez personificirane vladarice. Tek se u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Struja \u017eidovske mistike s glavnim djelima poput Sefer Jecire i Zohara.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabali<\/span> i apokaliptici spominju an\u0111eoska bi\u0107a, ali nema analogija Proserpini.<\/p><p><strong>Gr\u010dko-rimski svijet:<\/strong> Perzefona je gr\u010dki original Proserpine. U zajedni\u010dkim kultovima (posebno nakon 3. stolje\u0107a pr. Kr.) imena i funkcije su se stopili, no strukturno su ostali isti. Pridru\u017eila su se druga podzemna bo\u017eanstva (Hekata), a da nisu istisnula Perzefonu.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopotamija:<\/strong> Inana\/I\u0161tar odlazi na putovanje u podzemni svijet i ondje biva kratkotrajno zarobljena, ali se vra\u0107a, strukturno sli\u010dno Proserpininom sezonskom ciklusu, no dramati\u010dnije i manje regenerativno.<\/p><p><strong>Indija\/Azija:<\/strong> U hinduizmu Kali utjelovljuje razaranje i obnovu, no ne dijeli Proserpininu konkretnu ulogu supruge boga mrtvih. U ranom budizmu takav lik ne postoji; podzemni svijet je manje personificiran.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96567ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp96567ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39824e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp39824e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Otmica Proserpine u detalje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp625c136 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp625c136\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp57771b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp57771b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sredi\u0161nja pripovijest o Proserpini je njezina otmica od Plutona, gospodara podzemnog svijeta. Ovidije je opisuje detaljno u petoj knjizi <em>Metamorfoza<\/em>, a drugu, odstupaju\u0107u verziju donosi u <em>Fastima<\/em>. Prema Ovidijevu prikazu, Proserpina bere cvije\u0107e sa svojim dru\u017eicama u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveti \u0161umarak koji je slu\u017eio kao kultno mjesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">svetom gaju<\/span> u blizini sicilijanskog jezera Pergus kod Henne.<\/p><p>Pluton, pogo\u0111en Amorovom strijelom, ugleda je, zgrabi je i s njom se u kolima spusti u dubinu. Tlo se otvara kod jezera Cyane, \u010dija se nimfa uzalud odupire.<\/p><p>Cerera, majka, tra\u017ei svoju k\u0107er po cijeloj Zemlji. U svojem gnjevu, prema Ovidiju, \u010dini Siciliju neplodnom. Tek nimfa Aretuza javlja joj da je vidjela Proserpinu kao kraljicu podzemnog svijeta. Cerera se obra\u0107a Jupiteru.<\/p><p>Povratak, me\u0111utim, propada zbog uvjeta koji su postavile Parke: onaj koji je u podzemnom svijetu uzeo hranu, ne mo\u017ee se vratiti. Proserpina je pojela sedam zrna nara, \u0161to je vidio Askalaf, kojeg je zbog toga pretvorila u sovu u\u0161aru.<\/p><p>Jupiter posreduje kompromis. Proserpina provodi dio godine u gornjem svijetu s majkom, dio u podzemnom svijetu s Plutonom. Ovidije u <em>Fastima<\/em> navodi podjelu na pola, u <em>Metamorfozama<\/em> pak omjer dva prema jedan u korist gornjeg svijeta.<\/p><p>Ovo odstupanje ve\u0107 u samim anti\u010dkim izvorima pokazuje da pri\u010da nije imala utvr\u0111en kanonski oblik. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predaja o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit<\/span> se tijesno povezuje s gr\u010dkom pripovijesti o Demetri i Perzefoni, \u010diju najopse\u017eniju verziju donosi homerska <em>Himna Demetri<\/em>. Rimska knji\u017eevnost preuzela je tu gra\u0111u u velikoj mjeri, ali radnju je prete\u017eno smjestila na Siciliju, koja je vrijedila kao sredi\u0161te Cererinog kulta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c9ee0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c9ee0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4f63d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4f63d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina i mit o godi\u0161njim dobima<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39c0a19 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp39c0a19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45c5234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp45c5234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pri\u010da o podijeljenom prebivanju Proserpine ve\u0107 se u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razdoblje gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. n. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antici<\/span> tuma\u010dila kao obja\u0161njenje smjene godi\u0161njih doba. Boravak u podzemnom svijetu odgovara razdoblju bez vegetacije, povratak majci razdoblju rasta.<\/p><p>Ovo tuma\u010denje je ve\u0107 prisutno u anti\u010dkim tekstovima, primjerice kada Ovidije povezuje Cererinu tugu s neplodno\u0161\u0107u zemlje. Religijskoznanstvena istra\u017eivanja 19. i ranog 20. stolje\u0107a, posebice u krugu Jamesa Frazera i tzv. Cambridge Ritualists, izgradila su na temelju toga sveobuhvatnu teoriju umiru\u0107ih i uskrsnu\u0107ih vegetacijskih bo\u017eanstava.<\/p><p>Novija istra\u017eivanja prema tom tuma\u010denju zauzimaju suzdr\u017eaniji stav. Upozoravaju da je Proserpina oteta i vlada, a ne umire, te da se mediteranski klimatski ciklus sa svojim suhim ljetom i vla\u017enom zimom ne uklapa jednostavno u tu shemu.<\/p><p>Neki istra\u017eiva\u010di <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predaja o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> \u010ditaju prije kao pri\u010du o inicijaciji i udaji: Proserpina prolazi prijelaz od djevoj\u010dice u \u017eenu, iz maj\u010dine ku\u0107e u ku\u0107u supruga. Nar, \u010desto povezan s plodno\u0161\u0107u i brakom, podupire ovo tuma\u010denje.<\/p><p>Oba tuma\u010denja se ne isklju\u010duju. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razdoblje gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. n. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anti\u010dki<\/span> kultovi su isti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predaja o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> mogli razumjeti na vi\u0161e razina. Za obo\u017eavanje Cerere i Proserpine u Rimu poljoprivredna je poveznica u svakom slu\u010daju bila sredi\u0161nja, kao \u0161to pokazuje travanjska svetkovina <em>Cerialia<\/em>.<\/p><p>Uz to je postojala i osobnija, na zagrobni \u017eivot usmjerena <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u017diva religijska stav i praksa jedne osobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">pobo\u017enost<\/span>, koja je svoje mjesto imala u misterijskim kultovima i bila usmjerena na osobnu nadu koja se\u017ee i onkraj smrti. Koliko su te linije bile isprepletene u rimskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveukupnost obreda \u0161tovanja jednog bo\u017eanstva ili svetog lika.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>, iz nepotpunih izvora mo\u017ee se samo djelomi\u010dno rekonstruirati.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa45d7ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa45d7ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d5ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26d5ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult i mistorije Cerere i Proserpine u Rimu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09178ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp09178ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp875fb57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp875fb57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U Rimu je Proserpina rijetko bila samostalan predmet kulta. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se javlja zajedno s Cererom. Najva\u017eniji <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namijenjena \u0161tovanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hram<\/span> te dvije bo\u017eice stajao je na Aventinu, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predano svetom kroz religijski \u010din i time izdvojeno iz svakodnevnice.\" tabindex=\"0\">posve\u0107en<\/span> prema <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Preno\u0161enje znanja i pri\u010da kroz generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">predaji<\/span> u ranom petom stolje\u0107u prije na\u0161e ere, zajedno s Liberom.<\/p><p>Taj se aventinski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup svih obrednih radnji \u0161tovanja jednog bo\u017eanstva ili svetog bi\u0107a.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> smatrao plebejskim pandanom patricijskoj trijadi na Kapitolu i time je imao i socijalnu i politi\u010dku dimenziju.<\/p><p>Poseban oblik imali su <em>sacra Cereris<\/em>, gr\u010dki obojen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup svih obrednih radnji \u0161tovanja jednog bo\u017eanstva ili svetog bi\u0107a.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> koji je, prema Ciceronu, provodile gr\u010dke sve\u0107enice iz ju\u017ene Italije, a bio je otvoren isklju\u010divo \u017eenama. Taj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Utvr\u0111en slijed simboli\u010dkih radnji s religijskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">obred<\/span> bio je povezan s eleuzinskim predstavama, ali ih je prenio na rimsko tlo.<\/p><p>Uz to se u republikanskom Rimu u vremenima kriza slavio obredni obred \u017ealosti za Cereru i Proserpinu, koji se, prema Liviju, mogao ukinuti u vrijeme ozbiljnih javnih neda\u0107a, jer se \u017ealost u takvim trenucima smatrala neprimjerenom.<\/p><p>Iz carskog razdoblja poznata je i no\u0107na svetkovina, u nepravilnim razmacima slavljena <em>Saecularna svetkovina<\/em>, u kojoj su, me\u0111u ostalim, va\u017enu ulogu imale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kao izraz zahvale, molbe ili \u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertve<\/span> za Proserpinu kao bo\u017eicu podzemnog svijeta. Izvori o pojedinostima tih obreda su ograni\u010deni, jer misterijski kultovi svoje sadr\u017eaje svjesno nisu bilje\u017eili u pisanom obliku.<\/p><p>Ono \u0161to znamo potje\u010de uglavnom iz nagovje\u0161taja kod Cicerona, iz kr\u0161\u0107anske polemike te iz natpisnih i arheolo\u0161kih svjedo\u010danstava. To\u010dna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Utvr\u0111eni poredak bogoslu\u017eja jedne religijske zajednice.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgija<\/span> ostaje velikim dijelom nepoznata. Usporedive strukture nalaze se kod gr\u010dke <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149486\">Perzefone<\/a>, \u010diji je eleuzinski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup svih obrednih radnji \u0161tovanja jednog bo\u017eanstva ili svetog bi\u0107a.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> ne\u0161to bolje dokumentiran.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f2b3a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3f2b3a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b5008f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b5008f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina u likovnoj umjetnosti i na sarkofazima<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9688396 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9688396\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c2e52e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c2e52e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Otmica Proserpine ubraja se me\u0111u naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e prikazivane mitove rimske umjetnosti. Osobito je ra\u0161iren ovaj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ponavljaju\u0107i sadr\u017eajni element u umjetnosti ili pripovijedanju.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> na sarkofazima srednjeg i kasnog carskog razdoblja. Prizor tipi\u010dno prikazuje Plutona koji otima Proserpinu na svoja kola koja vuku konji, u pratnji Minerve, Diane i Cijane koja se opire.<\/p><p>Odabir ba\u0161 ovog motiva za grobni kontekst govori mnogo: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predaja o bogovima, po\u010decima i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> o nesvojevoljnom prijelazu u podzemni svijet i djelomi\u010dnom povratku pru\u017eao je slikovni jezik za smrt koji je, uz gubitak, izra\u017eavao i nadu.<\/p><p>Uz to postoje zidne slike, primjerice iz Pompeja, i mozaici koji prikazuju otmicu ili Proserpinu na prijestolju kao vladaricu podzemnog svijeta. Kao kraljica podzemlja \u010desto nosi dijadem ili polos, a povremeno klasje ili nar kao atribut.<\/p><p>U svojoj ulozi vladarice sjedi uz Plutona na prijestolju, \u010desto s troglavim psom Kerberom pod nogama.<\/p><p>Recepcija se nastavlja daleko izvan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razdoblje gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, oko 800. pr. Kr. do 600. po. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span>. Najpoznatija novovjekovna obrada jest mramorna skulptura <em>Ratto di Proserpina<\/em> Gianlorenza Berninija iz razdoblja oko 1621. do 1622. godine, koja s velikom dinamikom bilje\u017ei trenutak otmice.<\/p><p>U slikarstvu su temu obradili, me\u0111u ostalima, Rembrandt i kasnije prerafaeliti, primjerice Dante Gabriel Rossetti sa svojom slikom <em>Proserpine<\/em>. Motiv je prona\u0161ao primjenu i u glazbi, primjerice u baroknim operama. Arheolo\u0161ka i povijesnoumjetni\u010dka svjedo\u010danstva zajedno \u010dine Proserpinu jednim od likovno najdokumentiranijih likova rimskog <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predaja o bogovima, po\u010decima i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d56957 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1d56957\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp521bb21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp521bb21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etimologija i odnos prema Perzefoni<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp47a25ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp47a25ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88c9301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp88c9301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podrijetlo imena Proserpina nije jezikoslovno posve razja\u0161njeno. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoha gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. po. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anti\u010dka<\/span> narodna etimologija povezivala ga je s latinskim glagolom <em>proserpere<\/em>, izvirati, i tuma\u010dila ga kao klijanje sjetve. To tuma\u010denje nalazimo kod Cicerona i Varona. Moderna jezikoslovna znanost smatra ga sekundarnim tuma\u010denjem.<\/p><p>Vjerojatnije je da je <em>Proserpina<\/em> glasovna preinaka gr\u010dkog imena <em>Perzefona<\/em>, mo\u017eda posredovana preko etru\u0161\u010danskog stupnja. Na etru\u0161\u010danskim zrcalima ta se pojava javlja pod imenom <em>Phersipnai<\/em> ili sli\u010dno, \u0161to posredovanje preko etru\u0161\u010danskog jezika \u010dini vjerojatnim.<\/p><p>Gr\u010dko ime <em>Perzefona<\/em> samo se smatra nejasnim i vjerojatno potje\u010de iz predgr\u010dkog razdoblja. Ve\u0107 su Grci poznavali brojne sporedne oblike kao <em>Persephatta<\/em> ili <em>Pherrephatta<\/em>, \u0161to upu\u0107uje na staro, te\u0161ko obja\u0161njivo ime. Brojne varijante pokazuju da lik u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Preno\u0161enje znanja i pripovijesti kroz generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">predaji<\/span> nikada nije bio jezi\u010dno posve utvr\u0111en.<\/p><p>U rimskoj religiji Proserpina se rano spojila s doma\u0107om podzemnom predod\u017ebom, ali i istovjetovala s italskom boginjom Liberom, \u017eenskim parom bogu Liberu. Ta istovjetnost nije dosljedna i pokazuje kako su se u tom liku spajale razli\u010dite tradicije.<\/p><p>Za znanstveno promatranje Proserpina je dobar primjer kako je gr\u010dki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> preko posredni\u010dkih kultura u\u0161ao u rimski sustav, pri \u010demu se povezao s postoje\u0107im doma\u0107im elementima. Potpuno razdvajanje rimskog od gr\u010dkog lika u sa\u010duvanim izvorima te\u0161ko je mogu\u0107e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa0b2c61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa0b2c61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1225fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1225fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina kao vladarica podzemlja i u prokletim plo\u010dicama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d58d11 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3d58d11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a4fb59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9a4fb59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osim uloge u mitu o godi\u0161njim dobima, Proserpina je imala i samostalnu funkciju vladarice carstva mrtvih.<\/p><p>U toj ulozi javlja se u vrsti izvora koja je posebno rje\u010dita za rimsku svakodnevicu: plo\u010dicama proklinjanja, latinski <em>defixiones<\/em>. Ti tekstovi, urezani naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e na olovnim plo\u010dicama, polagani su u grobovima, bunarima ili izvorima te su prizivali podzemne sile da na\u0161tete protivniku, utje\u010du na sudski postupak ili vrate ukradenu imovinu.<\/p><p>Na brojnim sa\u010duvanim plo\u010dicama Proserpina se priziva zajedno s Plutonom ili Dis Paterom. Ondje se javlja pod raznim pridjevcima, ponekad i u spoju s drugim podzemnim likovima.<\/p><p>Jezik tih tekstova formulai\u010dan je i slijedi prepoznatljive obrasce, \u0161to upu\u0107uje na postojanje predlo\u017eaka ili specijaliziranih pisara. Za istra\u017eivanje su <em>defixiones<\/em> vrijedne jer dokumentiraju <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Do\u017eivljeni religiozni stav i praksa osobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">pobo\u017enost<\/span> izvan slu\u017ebenih dr\u017eavnih kultova i pokazuju kako su se ljudi konkretno obra\u0107ali bogovima.<\/p><p>Proserpina je bila povezana i s posmrtnom nagradom i kaznom. U misterijskim predod\u017ebama, koje su, me\u0111u ostalim, dostupne u tzv. orfi\u010dko-bakhijskim zlatnim plo\u010dicama, vladarica podzemlja igra ulogu instance pred kojom pokojna du\u0161a ili prolazi ili ne prolazi.<\/p><p>Je li se te plo\u010dice odnose na Proserpinu u u\u017eem rimskom smislu ili na op\u0107enitiju, gr\u010dki obojenu podzemnu boginju, u pojedina\u010dnim slu\u010dajevima te\u0161ko je odlu\u010diti. Sve u svemu, ova skupina izvora pokazuje da je Proserpina, izvan knji\u017eevnog mita, bila adresat stvarne obredne prakse, koja se protezala od ljubavne magije do nade u zagrobni \u017eivot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daljnje poveznice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149330\">Rim, kultura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149489\">Pluton, mu\u017e i kralj podzemlja<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149486\">Perzefona, gr\u010dki izvorni oblik<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Znanstvena literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foley, Helene P. (Hrsg.): <em>The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation and Commentary<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Caldwell, Richard S.: <em>The Psychology of Religion. A Jungian Perspective<\/em>. Routledge, 1991.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kao <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u nekoj religiji po\u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span><\/em> rimske tradicije, Proserpina odgovara gr\u010dkoj Perzefoni i s njom deli godinu izme\u0111u gornjeg svijeta i podzemlja; njezin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost obrednih \u010dina po\u0161tovanja prema bo\u017eanstvu ili svetom liku.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> obilje\u017eio je \u017eetvene svetkovine i <em>libri Sibyllini<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1738,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Proserpina","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Proserpina \u2013 rimska bo\u017eica podzemnog svijeta","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Proserpina, rimska bo\u017eica podzemnog svijeta: otmica od strane Plutona, mit o \u0161ipku i godi\u0161njim dobima, povijest kulta od Rima do prokletih plo\u010dica.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"rom","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-149494","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Proserpina \u2013 rimska bo\u017eica podzemnog svijeta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Proserpina, rimska bo\u017eica podzemnog svijeta: otmica od strane Plutona, mit o \u0161ipku i godi\u0161njim dobima, povijest kulta od Rima do prokletih plo\u010dica.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/proserpina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" 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